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oscillator. There were many common practical threads to the two technologies and he was ably assisted in the laboratory by Arthur Lionel Rogers who manufactured much of the equipment. On 21 September 1897 Bragg gave the first recorded public demonstration of the working of wireless telegraphy in
Australia during a lecture meeting at the University of Adelaide as part of the Public Teachers' Union conference. Bragg departed Adelaide in December 1897, and spent all of 1898 on a 12-month leave of absence, touring Great Britain and Europe and during this time visited Marconi and inspected his wireless facilities. He returned to Adelaide in early March 1899, and already on 13 May 1899, Bragg and his father-in-law, Sir Charles Todd, were conducting preliminary tests of wireless telegraphy with a transmitter at the Observatory and a receiver on the South Road (about 200 metres). Experiments continued throughout the southern winter of 1899 and the range was progressively extended to Henley Beach. In September the work was extended to two way transmissions with the addition of a second induction coil loaned by Mr. Oddie of Ballarat. It was desired to extend the experiments cross a sea path and Todd was interested in connecting Cape Spencer and Althorpe Island, but local costs were considered prohibitive while the charges for patented equipment from the Marconi Company were exorbitant. At the same time Bragg's interests were leaning towards X-rays and practical work in wireless in South Australia was largely dormant for the next decade.
462:, Australia, and started work there early in 1886. Being a skilled mathematician, at that time he had limited knowledge of physics, most of which was in the form of applied mathematics he had learnt at Trinity. Also at that time, there were only about a hundred students doing full courses at Adelaide, of whom less than a handful belonged to the science school, whose deficient teaching facilities Bragg improved by apprenticing himself to a firm of instrument makers. Bragg was an able and popular lecturer; he encouraged the formation of the student union, and the attendance, free of charge, of science teachers at his lectures.
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learned in the last war; their first recommendation was to "keep abreast of modern scientific developments". Anticipating another war, the
Ministry of Labour was persuaded to accept Hill as a consultant on scientific manpower. The Royal Society compiled a register of qualified men. They proposed a small committee on science to advise the Committee on Imperial Defence, but this was rejected. Finally in 1940, as Bragg's term ended, a scientific advisory committee to the War Cabinet was appointed. Brag was among the 2,300 names of prominent persons listed on the
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493:, Bragg's father-in-law. The induction coil was utilized to produce the electric spark necessary for Bragg and Barbour to "generate short bursts of X-rays". The audience was favorably impressed. Bragg availed himself as a test subject, in the manner of Röntgen and allowed an X-ray photograph to be taken of his hand. The image of the fingers in his hand revealed "an old injury to one of his fingers sustained when using the turnip chopping machine on his father's farm in Cumbria".
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The
Council invite applications for the above Professorship. Salary ÂŁ800 per annum. The appointment will be for a term of five years, subject to renewal at the discretion of the Council. Salary will date from March 1, 1886, and the Professor will be expected to enter on his duties on that date.
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set up by the
Admiralty. In September, his younger son Robert died of wounds at Gallipoli. In November, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with elder son William Lawrence. The Navy was struggling to prevent sinkings by unseen, submerged U boats. The scientists recommended that the best tactic was
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made a major stride with echolocation, generating intense sound pulses with quartz sheets oscillated at high frequency, which were then used as microphones to listen for echoes. Quartz was usable when vacuum tubes became available at the end of 1917 to amplify the faint signals. The
British made
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Scotland, staffed with navy men. In
November 1915, two young physicists were added to its staff. Bowing to outside pressure for using science, in July 1916, the Admiralty appointed Bragg as scientific director at Aberdour, assisted by three additional young physicists. They developed an improved
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was biological secretary and soon A. C. G. Egerton became physical secretary. During World War I all three had stood by for frustrating months before their skills were employed for the war effort. Now the cause of science was strengthened by the report of a high-level Army committee on lessons
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At the end of 1908, Bragg returned to
England. During his 23 years in Australia "he had seen the number of students at the University of Adelaide almost quadruple, and had a full share in the development of its excellent science school." He had returned to England on the maiden voyage of the
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As early as 1895, Professor
William H. (later Sir William) Bragg was working on wireless telegraphy, though public lectures and demonstrations focussed on his X-ray research which would later lead to his Nobel Prize. In a hurried visit by Rutherford, he was reported as working on a Hertzian
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This is still a unique accomplishment, because no other parent-child combination has yet shared a Nobel Prize (in any field). In several cases, a parent has won a Nobel Prize, and then years later, the child has won the Nobel Prize for separate research. An example of this is with
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practicable by using mosaics of small quartz bits rather than slices from a large crystal. In
January 1918, Bragg moved into the Admiralty as head of scientific research in the anti-submarine division. By war's end British vessels were being equipped with
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and director of the Davy
Faraday Research Laboratory. This institution was practically rebuilt in 1929–30 and, under Bragg's directorship many valuable papers were issued from the laboratory. In 1919, 1923, 1925 and 1931 he was invited to deliver the
1997:"The Life and work of Sir William Bragg", the John Murtagh Macrossan Memorial Lecture for 1950, University of Queensland. Written and presented by Sir Kerr Grant, Emeritus Professor of Physics, University of Adelaide. Reproduced as pages 5–37 of
410:, England, the son of Robert John Bragg, a merchant marine officer and farmer, and his wife Mary née Wood, a clergyman's daughter. When Bragg was seven years old, his mother died, and he was raised by his uncle, also named William Bragg, at
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is much more accurate in the sea than in the turbulent atmosphere. They were able to localize the sites of distant explosions, which were used to obtain the precise positions of British warships and of minefields.
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1252:, University of Adelaide, Pages 3 & 4. Proof of advertisement in the Oxford University Gazette of 16 October 1885, and the Cambridge University Reporter of 13 October 1885. The advertisements read:
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896:(KWC) is named in memory of Bragg; the Sixth-Form invitational literary debating society at KWC, the Bragg Society, is also named in his memory. One of the school "Houses" at Robert Smyth School,
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was made available to Bragg for experimentation. In December 1904 his paper "On the Absorption of α Rays and on the Classification of the α Rays from Radium" appeared in the
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George, Robert. (1996). 100 Years of X-Rays – the South Australian Connection. The Journal of the Radiology History & Heritage Charitable Trust. 12(Autumn/Winter): 3.
626:, where the staff was enlarged and they had access to a submarine for tests. In France, where scientists had been mobilized since the beginning of the war, the physicist
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473:. On 29 May 1896 at Adelaide, Bragg demonstrated before a meeting of local doctors the application of "X-rays to reveal structures that were otherwise invisible".
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Hall, Kersten T. (2014). The Man in the Monkeynut Coat: William Astbury and the Forgotten Road to the Double-Helix. Oxford University Press. Oxford. Page 26.
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In 1889, in Adelaide, Bragg married Gwendoline Todd, a skilled water-colour painter, and daughter of astronomer, meteorologist and electrical engineer
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also in Adelaide, Australia was completed in late 2023. It is named for both father and son and offers radiation therapy for cancer patients.
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2004:"William and Lawrence Bragg, Father and Son: The Most Extraordinary Collaboration in Science", John Jenkin, Oxford University Press 2008.
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An allowance will be made for travelling expenses. Applications with testimonials should reach ... not later than December 1, 1885.
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directional hydrophone, which finally convinced the Admiralty of their usefulness. Late in 1916, Bragg with his small group moved to
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608:. He had to wait for almost a year to contribute to the war effort: finally, in July 1915, he was appointed to the
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Bragg's interest in physics developed, particularly in the field of electromagnetism. In 1895, he was visited by
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William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg, "X Rays and Crystal Structure", G. Bell & Son, London, 1915.
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Both of his sons were called into the army after war broke out in 1914 . The following year he was appointed
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After the war Bragg returned to University College London, where he continued to work on crystal analysis.
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The turning-point in Bragg's career came in 1904 when he gave the presidential address to section A of the
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written by Professor Andrade of London University for the Royal Society of London." Statement made by Sir
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1417:. Vol. XXXV, no. 10, 241 (ONE O'CLOCK ed.). South Australia. 15 December 1897. p. 2
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1231:. Vol. XXIII, no. 6, 596. South Australia. 18 December 1885. p. 2 (Afternoon Edition.)
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1047:, who are the only mother-daughter pair. Several father-son pairs have won two separate Nobel Prizes.
908:. The two sides of the medal contain the images of Sir William Henry and his son Sir Lawrence Bragg.
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and with his son, Lawrence Bragg, then a research student at Cambridge, founded the new science of
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2025:"Annotated Bibliography for William Henry Bragg from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues"
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1529:. Vol. XXXI, no. 8989 (ONE O'CLOCK ed.). Adelaide. 28 September 1899. p. 2
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to South Australia and was also the secretary of the Adelaide University Chess Association.
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1473:. Vol. XXXI, no. 8817 (ONE O'CLOCK ed.). Adelaide. 6 March 1899. p. 2
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from 1909 until 1915. He continued his work on X-rays with much success. He invented the
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Bragg died in 1942 in England and was survived by his daughter Gwendolen and his son,
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1986:" most valuable record of his work and picture of his personality is the excellent
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1557:. Vol. LIII, no. 16, 306. South Australia. 20 January 1911. p. 7
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from 1935 to 1940. He was elected an International Member of the United States
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There is a bust of William Bragg in North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia.
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Bragg was elected president of the Royal Society in 1935. The physiologist
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Bragg was informed of his appointment by a letter dated 17 December 1885.
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is named the Bragg Building. The Sir William Henry Bragg Building at the
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1912:
1887:"Sir William Henry Bragg Building is now open - Estates and Facilities"
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1549:"THE WARATAH. A PROFESSOR'S ALARM: SAVED BY A VISION. MISS HAY WARNED"
940:, presented a BBC Radio 4 programme "Bragg on the Braggs" on the 1915
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442:, and in 1885 was awarded a first class honours in the mathematical
1312:. Vol. XXVIII, no. 7976. Adelaide. 30 May 1896. p. 7
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Commemorative plaque on the Parkinson Building, University of Leeds
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to commemorate 100 years since the birth of Sir William H. Bragg.
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Inspired by William Lawrence's methods for locating enemy guns by
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Presidents of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
1358:. Vol. LXII, no. 15, 869. 22 September 1897. p. 6
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1386:. Vol. LIV, no. 2, 921. 25 September 1897. p. 14
850:. They had three children, a daughter, Gwendolen and two sons,
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865:
Bragg played tennis and golf, and as a founding member of the
43:
1284:. Vol. XXVIII, no. 8500. 15 January 1886. p. 5
592:, the analysis of crystal structure using X-ray diffraction.
512:
of London. This paper was also the origin of his first book
454:
In 1885, at the age of 23, Bragg was appointed (Sir Thomas)
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was unstable at the Inquiry into the ship's disappearance.
2037:"Cambridge Physicists: William Lawrence Bragg (biography)"
1501:. Vol. LXIV, no. 16, 381. 15 May 1899. p. 4
770:
Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium
516:(1912). Soon after the delivery of his 1904 address, some
30:
Not to be confused with son and fellow Nobel Prize winner
1667:; Lonsdale, K. (1943). "William Henry Bragg. 1862-1942".
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In 1962, the Bragg Laboratories were constructed at the
1863:. Australian Institute of Physics. 2009. Archived from
1258:
ELDER PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS
1012:– has 1931 photograph with Bragg, location unspecified.
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Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research
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Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science
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Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
389:, which has a plaque inside noting Bragg's attendance.
1578:"Structural biology: How proteins got their close-up"
580:
Bragg occupied the Cavendish chair of physics at the
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Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
2073:
Nobelprize.org – The Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915
1823:"John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science"
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936:In August 2013, Bragg's relative, the broadcaster
1670:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
2009:A History of Radio in South Australia 1897–1977
756:in 1907, vice-president in 1920, and served as
1825:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from
5096:Members of the American Philosophical Society
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613:to listen for the submarines. The Navy had a
341:, and active sportsman who uniquely shared a
329:(2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was an English
306:. Father and son jointly won the Nobel Prize.
8:
5031:Academic staff of the University of Adelaide
1913:"Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy"
1861:"Bragg Gold Medal for Excellence in Physics"
777:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
549:. In 1911, he testified his belief that the
764:in 1939 and an International Member of the
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1811:(Supplement). 30 March 1920. p. 3758.
1565:– via National Library of Australia.
1537:– via National Library of Australia.
1509:– via National Library of Australia.
1481:– via National Library of Australia.
1453:– via National Library of Australia.
1425:– via National Library of Australia.
1394:– via National Library of Australia.
1366:– via National Library of Australia.
1320:– via National Library of Australia.
1292:– via National Library of Australia.
1239:– via National Library of Australia.
1174:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
862:. Bragg's wife, Gwendoline, died in 1929.
69:
38:
5036:People educated at King William's College
1589:
1223:"The New Elder Professor of Mathematics"
571:
563:
4991:Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium
2112:Professional and academic associations
1031:
1021:List of presidents of the Royal Society
739:"For their services in the analysis of
369:is named after him and his son. He was
5041:Presidents of the Institute of Physics
4946:Academics of University College London
1629:. The Davy Faraday Research Laboratory
1166:"Bragg, Sir William Henry (1862–1942)"
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911:The Experimental Technique Centre at
873:, contributed to the introduction of
729:Bragg was joint winner with his son,
576:X-ray spectrometer developed by Bragg
7:
4996:Academics of the University of Leeds
4956:Australian people of English descent
4951:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
1616:. Stroud: Fonthill. pp. 93–128.
1576:Stoddart, Charlotte (1 March 2022).
779:(CBE) in 1917 and Knight Commander (
768:. He was elected as a member of the
700:The Royal Society and the coming war
1960:"BBC Radio 4 - Bragg on the Braggs"
1614:Great Scientists wage the Great War
990:An Introduction to Crystal Analysis
679:Royal Institution Christmas Lecture
5046:Presidents of the Physical Society
1850:, University of Adelaide, page 43.
1445:. Adelaide. 11 May 1899. p. 3
1171:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1128:Dictionary of Australian Biography
1016:List of Nobel laureates in Physics
871:Adelaide University Lacrosse Clubs
836:South Australian House of Assembly
75:Portrait by the Nobel foundation (
25:
5081:Recipients of the Matteucci Medal
2056:Data from the University of Leeds
1889:. 15 October 2021. Archived from
1731:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915"
1304:"RONTGEN PHOTOGRAPHY UNSUSPECTED"
1080:"Bragg, William Henry (BRG880WH)"
1058:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915"
2096:
687:Concerning the Nature of Things,
670:Fullerian Professor of Chemistry
458:and Experimental Physics in the
438:. He graduated in 1884 as third
5091:Cavendish Professors of Physics
5021:Presidents of the Royal Society
4941:20th-century British physicists
2027:. 4 August 2010. Archived from
1933:Garner, Louise (2 March 2017).
1711:Van der Kloot 2014, pp. 201-207
1627:William Henry Bragg (1862–1942)
1612:Van der Kloot, William (2014).
1281:The South Australian Advertiser
976:Concerning the Nature of Things
610:Board of Invention and Research
5026:Recipients of the Copley Medal
2128:President of the Royal Society
1176:Australian National University
766:American Philosophical Society
758:President of the Royal Society
456:Elder Professor of Mathematics
1:
5006:Members of the Order of Merit
2374:Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
640:manned by trained listeners.
353:: "for their services in the
76:
27:British scientist (1862–1942)
5101:Recipients of Franklin Medal
4981:Fellows of the Royal Society
2089:Works by William Henry Bragg
983:Old Trades and New Knowledge
824:National Academy of Sciences
762:National Academy of Sciences
690:Old Trades and New Knowledge
4961:Australian lacrosse players
2462:Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
2095:(public domain audiobooks)
1720:Van der Kloot 2014, p. 202.
1465:"RETURN OF PROFESSOR BRAGG"
1084:A Cambridge Alumni Database
832:Electoral district of Bragg
754:Fellow of the Royal Society
5117:
5011:Nobel laureates in Physics
1999:Bragg Centenary, 1886–1986
1848:Bragg Centenary, 1886–1986
1255:THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE
1250:Bragg Centenary, 1886–1986
1086:. University of Cambridge.
904:thesis by a student at an
617:research establishment at
436:Trinity College, Cambridge
134:Trinity College, Cambridge
29:
5056:British crystallographers
4753:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
4737:Charles Scott Sherrington
4245:
2398:Charles Scott Sherrington
2390:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
2184:
2134:
2124:
2120:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
2116:
2111:
2001:, University of Adelaide.
1591:10.1146/knowable-022822-1
1498:South Australian Register
1414:The Express and Telegraph
1355:South Australian Register
1276:"THE ADELAIDE UNIVERSITY"
1228:The Express and Telegraph
787:. He was admitted to the
785:1920 civilian war honours
656:University College London
645:the sound of their firing
606:University College London
418:. He was educated at the
300:
291:
256:University College London
226:
108:, England, United Kingdom
68:
4966:British lacrosse players
4793:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
2406:Charles Algernon Parsons
2068:Fullerian Professorships
2061:18 November 2007 at the
1409:"THE LATE MR. MCPHERSON"
1350:"PUBLIC TEACHERS' UNION"
514:Studies in Radioactivity
479:F. H. Faulding & Co.
432:exhibition (scholarship)
385:The Old Grammar School,
160:Bragg–Gray cavity theory
5066:British Nobel laureates
5061:English Nobel laureates
4971:Experimental physicists
4614:Benjamin Collins Brodie
4590:Marquess of Northampton
971:for 1925. Oxford, 1925.
892:The lecture theatre of
314:Sir William Henry Bragg
4558:William Hyde Wollaston
4251:Nobel Prize recipients
4231:Physiology or Medicine
4220:William Lawrence Bragg
2630:Nobel Prize in Physics
2534:Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
2318:Pierre Paul Émile Roux
1683:10.1098/rsbm.1943.0003
1437:"ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY"
1164:Tomlin, S. G. (1979).
1123:"Bragg, William Henry"
942:Nobel Prize in Physics
924:University of Adelaide
894:King William's College
735:Nobel Prize in Physics
721:. Bragg died in 1942.
577:
569:
523:Philosophical Magazine
460:University of Adelaide
450:University of Adelaide
424:King William's College
390:
351:Nobel Prize in Physics
278:William Thomas Astbury
248:University of Adelaide
175:Nobel Prize in Physics
32:William Lawrence Bragg
5051:X-ray crystallography
4662:George Gabriel Stokes
2342:Horace Tabberer Brown
2246:Alfred Russel Wallace
1935:"Bragg on the Braggs"
1521:"WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY"
1493:"WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY"
1133:Angus & Robertson
997:The Universe of Light
995:William Henry Bragg,
988:William Henry Bragg,
981:William Henry Bragg,
974:William Henry Bragg,
965:The Crystalline State
963:William Henry Bragg,
956:William Henry Bragg,
906:Australian university
590:X-ray crystallography
575:
567:
384:
4646:William Spottiswoode
4638:Joseph Dalton Hooker
4491:Earl of Macclesfield
2550:Edgar Douglas Adrian
2190:Josiah Willard Gibbs
1782:search.amphilsoc.org
1778:"APS Member History"
1665:Da c. Andrade, E. N.
694:The Universe of Life
487:Reynolds and Branson
477:, senior chemist of
302:He is the father of
4761:William Henry Bragg
4654:Thomas Henry Huxley
4630:George Biddell Airy
4214:William Henry Bragg
4155:Richard Willstätter
2422:William Henry Bragg
2254:George William Hill
2238:Albert A. Michelson
2078:William Henry Bragg
2011:(J. F. Ross, 1978)
1829:on 29 December 2010
917:University of Leeds
860:Battle of Gallipoli
820:John J. Carty Award
715:Special Search List
582:University of Leeds
560:University of Leeds
545:was just below her
430:and, having won an
286:John Burton Cleland
282:John Desmond Bernal
252:University of Leeds
217:John J. Carty Award
164:Bragg–Paul Pulsator
124:London, England, UK
48:William Henry Bragg
5076:Leeds Blue Plaques
5016:People from Wigton
4976:Optical physicists
4900:Venki Ramakrishnan
4849:Sir Michael Atiyah
4817:Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
4769:Henry Hallett Dale
4368:Viscount Brouncker
2494:Thomas Hunt Morgan
2478:Henry Hallett Dale
2454:John Scott Haldane
2438:George Ellery Hale
2138:Henry Hallett Dale
2080:on Nobelprize.org
2043:on 21 October 2012
1893:on 15 October 2021
1808:The London Gazette
1733:. Nobel Foundation
1060:. Nobel Foundation
1045:Irène Joliot-Curie
958:The World of Sound
752:Bragg was elected
725:Honours and awards
683:The World of Sound
668:From 1923, he was
586:X-ray spectrometer
578:
570:
398:Bragg was born at
391:
148:X-ray spectroscopy
4918:
4917:
4745:Ernest Rutherford
4376:Joseph Williamson
4315:
4314:
4103:
4102:
2592:
2591:
2358:Ernest Rutherford
2177:Copley Medallists
2144:
2143:
2135:Succeeded by
2031:on 4 August 2010.
1757:www.nasonline.org
1582:Knowable Magazine
1383:Adelaide Observer
1185:978-0-522-84459-7
1043:and her daughter
913:Brunel University
898:Market Harborough
775:He was appointed
741:crystal structure
674:Royal Institution
664:Royal Institution
547:centre of gravity
530:, also appeared.
467:Ernest Rutherford
412:Market Harborough
387:Market Harborough
359:crystal structure
311:
310:
274:Kathleen Lonsdale
260:Royal Institution
228:Scientific career
144:X-ray diffraction
16:(Redirected from
5108:
4911:
4903:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4809:Patrick Blackett
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4713:Archibald Geikie
4708:
4700:
4681:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4609:
4601:
4593:
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4577:
4569:
4561:
4542:
4534:
4526:
4518:
4510:
4502:
4494:
4486:
4478:
4470:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4432:Robert Southwell
4427:
4424:Earl of Pembroke
4419:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4384:Christopher Wren
4379:
4371:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4319:
4253:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4107:
4096:
4080:
4064:
4048:
4032:
4016:
4000:
3984:
3968:
3956:
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3928:
3916:
3900:
3888:
3872:
3856:
3844:
3832:
3816:
3800:
3784:
3768:
3739:
3723:
3711:
3695:
3679:
3663:
3651:
3639:
3627:
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3611:
3595:
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3563:
3551:
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3527:
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3495:
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2835:
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2787:
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2768:
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2758:Kamerlingh Onnes
2752:
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2736:
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2700:
2692:
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2574:George de Hevesy
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2233:
2230:Élie Metchnikoff
2225:
2222:Dmitri Mendeleev
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2147:
2117:Preceded by
2109:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2085:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2039:. Archived from
2032:
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1867:on 12 March 2016
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1088:
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1070:
1069:
1067:
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1054:
1048:
1036:
919:opened in 2021.
852:William Lawrence
848:Sir Charles Todd
772:on 1 June 1946.
328:
266:Notable students
222:
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120:
97:
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81:
78:
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4874:
4863:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4799:
4791:
4783:
4777:Robert Robinson
4775:
4767:
4759:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4721:William Crookes
4719:
4711:
4703:
4697:William Huggins
4695:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
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4606:Lord Wrottesley
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4489:
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4454:
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4440:Charles Montagu
4438:
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4422:
4416:Earl of Carbery
4414:
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4390:
4382:
4374:
4366:
4355:
4346:
4316:
4311:
4249:
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4222:(Great Britain)
4216:(Great Britain)
4200:
4184:
4160:
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3689:Cohen-Tannoudji
3682:
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2623:
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2540:
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2526:Joseph Barcroft
2524:
2518:Robert Robinson
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2430:Arthur Schuster
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2382:Albert Einstein
2380:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2334:William Bayliss
2332:
2326:Hendrik Lorentz
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2214:William Crookes
2212:
2204:
2196:
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2122:
2097:
2063:Wayback Machine
2046:
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1981:Further reading
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1753:"William Bragg"
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1526:Evening Journal
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1470:Evening Journal
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1119:Serle, Percival
1117:
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1056:
1055:
1051:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1006:
969:Romanes Lecture
950:
890:
844:
796:Matteucci Medal
727:
702:
666:
658:
602:Quain Professor
598:
562:
528:Richard Kleeman
471:Wilhelm Röntgen
452:
396:
379:
365:". The mineral
316:
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189:Matteucci Medal
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15:
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5071:X-ray pioneers
5068:
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4896:
4892:Sir Paul Nurse
4888:
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4857:Sir Aaron Klug
4853:
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4821:
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4797:
4789:
4781:
4773:
4765:
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4709:
4701:
4692:
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4674:
4666:
4658:
4650:
4642:
4634:
4626:
4618:
4610:
4602:
4594:
4586:
4582:Duke of Sussex
4578:
4574:Davies Gilbert
4570:
4562:
4553:
4551:
4547:
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4535:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4503:
4499:Earl of Morton
4495:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4462:
4460:
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2018:External links
2016:
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2007:Ross, John F.
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604:of Physics at
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2270:George Darwin
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2203:
2199:
2198:Joseph Lister
2195:
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2178:
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2159:
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2152:
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2110:
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2010:
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117:12 March 1942
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19:
4908:Adrian Smith
4868:21st century
4760:
4689:20th century
4566:Humphry Davy
4550:19th century
4539:Joseph Banks
4531:John Pringle
4523:James Burrow
4507:James Burrow
4467:Isaac Newton
4459:18th century
4408:Samuel Pepys
4392:John Hoskyns
4360:17th century
4281:
4213:
3533:von Klitzing
3525:Van der Meer
2777:
2542:Oswald Avery
2510:Thomas Lewis
2470:Arthur Evans
2421:
2206:Eduard Suess
2125:
2045:. Retrieved
2041:the original
2029:the original
2008:
1967:. Retrieved
1963:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1938:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1891:the original
1881:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:the original
1855:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:the original
1817:
1806:
1797:
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1781:
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1756:
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1725:
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1668:
1659:
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1581:
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1552:
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1524:
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1496:
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1468:
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1447:. Retrieved
1440:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1412:
1388:. Retrieved
1381:
1378:"SECOND DAY"
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1353:
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1335:
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1279:
1270:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1226:
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1169:
1136:. Retrieved
1126:
1083:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1052:
1034:
1010:George Gamow
996:
989:
982:
975:
964:
957:
948:Publications
938:Melvyn Bragg
935:
928:
921:
910:
891:
879:
864:
845:
842:Private life
830:The current
829:
808:Copley Medal
774:
751:
743:by means of
738:
728:
703:
693:
689:
686:
682:
667:
659:
642:
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579:
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499:
495:
491:Charles Todd
483:Crookes tube
464:
453:
397:
361:by means of
313:
312:
244:Institutions
227:
203:Copley Medal
119:(1942-03-12)
36:
4936:1942 deaths
4931:1862 births
4785:Lord Adrian
4670:Lord Kelvin
4475:Hans Sloane
4448:Lord Somers
4400:Cyril Wyche
4138:Nobel Prize
3577:Steinberger
3493:K. Siegbahn
3485:Bloembergen
3206:Chamberlain
2939:Schrödinger
2849:M. Siegbahn
2778:W. H. Bragg
2774:W. L. Bragg
2558:G. H. Hardy
2366:Horace Lamb
2310:James Dewar
2302:Ivan Pavlov
2278:Felix Klein
2179:(1901–1950)
1969:29 December
1944:29 December
1939:leeds.ac.uk
1833:25 February
1803:"No. 31840"
1677:(12): 276.
1561:2 September
1533:11 February
1477:11 February
1421:11 February
1316:11 February
1288:11 February
1235:11 February
1041:Marie Curie
856:Alban Caroe
596:World War I
428:Isle of Man
394:Early years
349:– the 1915
343:Nobel Prize
270:W. L. Bragg
152:Bragg's law
98:2 July 1862
80: 1915
18:W. H. Bragg
4925:Categories
4515:James West
4349:Presidents
4166:Literature
4094:L'Huillier
4058:Hasselmann
4014:Strickland
3982:Kosterlitz
3906:Perlmutter
3645:Brockhouse
3350:Schrieffer
3222:Hofstadter
3174:C. N. Yang
2931:Heisenberg
2908:De Broglie
2486:Niels Bohr
2414:Max Planck
2132:1935–1940
1992:Kerr Grant
1871:11 January
1505:8 February
1449:8 February
1390:8 February
1362:8 February
1131:. Sydney:
1027:References
706:A. V. Hill
615:hydrophone
543:metacentre
422:there, at
408:Cumberland
156:Bragg peak
106:Cumberland
94:1862-07-02
4884:Lord Rees
4825:Lord Todd
4157:(Germany)
4147:Chemistry
4140:laureates
4078:Zeilinger
3898:Novoselov
3866:Kobayashi
3790:Abrikosov
3637:J. Taylor
3617:de Gennes
3609:R. Taylor
3501:K. Wilson
3449:R. Wilson
3433:Van Vleck
3404:1976–2000
3394:Rainwater
3390:Mottelson
3366:Josephson
3314:Gell-Mann
3278:Schwinger
3266:Prokhorov
3226:Mössbauer
3186:Cherenkov
3178:T. D. Lee
3102:Cockcroft
3093:1951–1975
2892:C. Wilson
2871:1926–1950
2817:Guillaume
2706:Michelson
2666:Becquerel
2637:1901–1925
2626:Laureates
1918:22 August
1699:202574479
1207:7 October
1194:1833-7538
1138:7 October
1064:9 October
944:winners.
834:, in the
791:in 1931.
783:) in the
737:in 1915:
733:, of the
377:Biography
373:in 1920.
331:physicist
130:Education
4876:Lord May
4181:(France)
4086:Agostini
3974:Thouless
3966:McDonald
3954:Nakamura
3922:Wineland
3854:GrĂĽnberg
3810:Politzer
3794:Ginzburg
3782:Giacconi
3762:Ketterle
3717:'t Hooft
3701:Laughlin
3693:Phillips
3673:Osheroff
3601:Friedman
3573:Schwartz
3569:Lederman
3489:Schawlow
3465:Weinberg
3274:Tomonaga
3166:Brattain
3158:Shockley
3067:Blackett
3059:Appleton
3051:Bridgman
2998:Lawrence
2978:Davisson
2958:Chadwick
2841:Millikan
2825:Einstein
2714:Lippmann
2682:Rayleigh
2674:M. Curie
2670:P. Curie
2093:LibriVox
2059:Archived
1988:obituary
1737:26 April
1644:iucr.org
1597:25 March
1202:70677943
1121:(1949).
1004:See also
882:Lawrence
875:lacrosse
619:Aberdour
440:wrangler
400:Westward
371:knighted
367:Braggite
355:analysis
4351:of the
4206:Physics
4074:Clauser
4038:Penrose
4022:Peebles
3978:Haldane
3946:Akasaki
3934:Englert
3926:Haroche
3910:Schmidt
3870:Maskawa
3822:Glauber
3814:Wilczek
3798:Leggett
3778:Koshiba
3758:Cornell
3749:present
3733:Kroemer
3729:Alferov
3721:Veltman
3705:Störmer
3625:Charpak
3605:Kendall
3589:Dehmelt
3557:Bednorz
3457:Glashow
3445:Penzias
3441:Kapitsa
3413:Richter
3386:A. Bohr
3362:Giaever
3342:Bardeen
3306:Alvarez
3290:Kastler
3282:Feynman
3162:Bardeen
3126:Zernike
3118:Purcell
2888:Compton
2833:N. Bohr
2722:Marconi
2654:Lorentz
2646:Röntgen
2628:of the
822:of the
719:Gestapo
672:at the
624:Harwich
551:Waratah
538:Waratah
506:Dunedin
426:on the
402:, near
335:chemist
238:Physics
4910:(2020)
4902:(2015)
4894:(2010)
4886:(2005)
4878:(2000)
4859:(1995)
4851:(1990)
4843:(1985)
4835:(1980)
4827:(1975)
4819:(1970)
4811:(1965)
4803:(1960)
4795:(1955)
4787:(1950)
4779:(1945)
4771:(1940)
4763:(1935)
4755:(1930)
4747:(1925)
4739:(1920)
4731:(1915)
4723:(1913)
4715:(1908)
4707:(1905)
4699:(1900)
4680:(1895)
4672:(1890)
4664:(1885)
4656:(1883)
4648:(1878)
4640:(1873)
4632:(1871)
4624:(1861)
4616:(1858)
4608:(1854)
4600:(1848)
4592:(1838)
4584:(1830)
4576:(1827)
4568:(1820)
4560:(1820)
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4533:(1772)
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4509:(1768)
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4402:(1683)
4394:(1682)
4386:(1680)
4378:(1677)
4370:(1662)
4090:Krausz
4084:2023:
4070:Aspect
4068:2022:
4062:Manabe
4054:Parisi
4052:2021:
4042:Genzel
4036:2020:
4030:Queloz
4020:2019:
4010:Mourou
4006:Ashkin
4004:2018:
3998:Thorne
3994:Barish
3988:2017:
3972:2016:
3962:Kajita
3960:2015:
3944:2014:
3932:2013:
3920:2012:
3904:2011:
3892:2010:
3876:2009:
3860:2008:
3848:2007:
3838:Mather
3836:2006:
3830:Hänsch
3820:2005:
3804:2004:
3788:2003:
3772:2002:
3766:Wieman
3756:2001:
3727:2000:
3715:1999:
3699:1998:
3683:1997:
3669:D. Lee
3667:1996:
3661:Reines
3655:1995:
3643:1994:
3631:1993:
3623:1992:
3615:1991:
3599:1990:
3585:Ramsey
3583:1989:
3567:1988:
3561:MĂĽller
3555:1987:
3549:Rohrer
3545:Binnig
3539:1986:
3531:1985:
3521:Rubbia
3519:1984:
3513:Fowler
3507:1983:
3499:1982:
3483:1981:
3473:Cronin
3471:1980:
3455:1979:
3439:1978:
3423:1977:
3411:1976:
3384:1975:
3378:Hewish
3372:1974:
3356:1973:
3346:Cooper
3340:1972:
3332:1971:
3322:Alfvén
3320:1970:
3312:1969:
3304:1968:
3296:1967:
3288:1966:
3272:1965:
3258:Townes
3256:1964:
3250:Jensen
3242:Wigner
3240:1963:
3234:Landau
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3132:1954:
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3100:1951:
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3073:1949:
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3041:1945:
3033:1944:
3025:1943:
2996:1939:
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2898:1928:
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2855:1925:
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2839:1923:
2831:1922:
2823:1921:
2815:1920:
2807:1919:
2801:Planck
2799:1918:
2793:Barkla
2791:1917:
2772:1915:
2764:1914:
2756:1913:
2748:1912:
2740:1911:
2732:1910:
2720:1909:
2712:1908:
2704:1907:
2696:1906:
2690:Lenard
2688:1905:
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2652:1902:
2644:1901:
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2576:(1949)
2568:(1948)
2560:(1947)
2552:(1946)
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2528:(1943)
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2512:(1941)
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2400:(1927)
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2376:(1924)
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2360:(1922)
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2344:(1920)
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2328:(1918)
2320:(1917)
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2304:(1915)
2296:(1914)
2288:(1913)
2280:(1912)
2272:(1911)
2264:(1910)
2256:(1909)
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2240:(1907)
2232:(1906)
2224:(1905)
2216:(1904)
2208:(1903)
2200:(1902)
2192:(1901)
2047:2 July
1897:4 July
1697:
1691:769040
1689:
1649:7 July
1640:"IUCr"
1200:
1192:
1182:
999:(1933)
992:(1928)
985:(1926)
978:(1925)
967:– The
960:(1920)
888:Legacy
826:(1939)
816:(1930)
810:(1930)
804:(1916)
798:(1915)
444:tripos
404:Wigton
363:X-rays
234:Fields
220:(1939)
213:(1936)
206:(1930)
199:(1916)
192:(1915)
185:(1915)
178:(1915)
170:Awards
102:Wigton
4282:1915
4190:Peace
4136:1915
4026:Mayor
3990:Weiss
3950:Amano
3938:Higgs
3914:Riess
3886:Smith
3882:Boyle
3862:Nambu
3842:Smoot
3806:Gross
3774:Davis
3747:2001–
3737:Kilby
3649:Shull
3633:Hulse
3541:Ruska
3477:Fitch
3461:Salam
3358:Esaki
3334:Gabor
3298:Bethe
3262:Basov
3202:Segrè
3190:Frank
3150:Kusch
3138:Bothe
3114:Bloch
3043:Pauli
3027:Stern
2990:Fermi
2943:Dirac
2916:Raman
2861:Hertz
2809:Stark
2750:Dalén
2726:Braun
2126:46th
1994:, in:
1787:3 May
1762:3 May
1695:S2CID
1687:JSTOR
745:X-ray
711:Nazis
638:sonar
633:sonar
434:, at
324:
320:
296:Notes
59:
55:
4307:1920
4302:1919
4297:1918
4292:1917
4287:1916
4277:1914
4272:1913
4267:1912
4262:1911
4257:1910
4238:None
4197:None
4170:1915
4046:Ghez
3894:Geim
3850:Fert
3826:Hall
3709:Tsui
3657:Perl
3593:Paul
3429:Mott
3417:Ting
3374:Ryle
3326:NĂ©el
3194:Tamm
3146:Lamb
3134:Born
3035:Rabi
3019:1942
3012:1941
3005:1940
2966:Hess
2950:1934
2923:1931
2785:1916
2766:Laue
2742:Wien
2049:2024
1971:2019
1946:2019
1920:2020
1899:2022
1873:2009
1835:2011
1789:2023
1764:2023
1739:2018
1651:2019
1599:2022
1563:2018
1535:2018
1507:2018
1479:2018
1451:2018
1423:2018
1392:2018
1364:2018
1318:2018
1290:2018
1237:2018
1209:2008
1198:OCLC
1190:ISSN
1180:ISBN
1140:2008
1066:2008
929:The
869:and
692:and
114:Died
88:Born
3878:Kao
3685:Chu
2091:at
1964:BBC
1679:doi
1586:doi
902:PhD
781:KBE
681:on
536:SS
504:at
357:of
326:FRS
322:KBE
61:FRS
57:KBE
44:Sir
4927::
4092:/
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4076:/
4072:/
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2776:/
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2668:/
2656:/
1962:.
1937:.
1805:.
1780:.
1755:.
1693:.
1685:.
1673:.
1642:.
1584:.
1580:.
1551:.
1523:.
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1467:.
1439:.
1411:.
1400:^
1380:.
1352:.
1306:.
1278:.
1225:.
1196:.
1188:.
1178:.
1168:.
1148:^
1125:.
1092:^
1082:.
884:.
749:.
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685:;
446:.
414:,
406:,
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333:,
318:OM
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1948:.
1922:.
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1875:.
1837:.
1791:.
1766:.
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1675:4
1653:.
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1142:.
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96:)
92:(
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34:.
20:)
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