Wu (Hao)-style tai chi - Knowledge (XXG)

588:, about whom no information is available in verifiable historical records. (Some have suggested Wang Zongyue could be a pseudonym of Wu Yuxiang or another Wu family member, but the writing style is different and the mundane salt shop story – as opposed to, say, claiming an immortal sage found it in an enchanted cave – lends believability as well.) Wu Chengqing passed the manual on to Wu Yuxiang, who discussed it with his friend and teacher Yang Luchan. Yang agreed it was important. Over the following years, Wu and his family applied the lessons of this text to the development of their art and created a body of written work around it, which together became known as the first version of the 577:; 1800-1884) was serving as a government official in Henan, when he obtained a manual on the principles of internal martial arts. In the writings of the next generation, this was tersely reported as having been received at "a salt shop", with the assumption that any reader would understand the context of that statement. Salt merchants were wealthy and of equal social status with an official like Wu Chengqing. At least one scholar speculates that the owner of that shop may have been a fellow book collector who had learned of the Wu family's interest in the topic, and was seeking to curry favor with Chengqing who among other things was in charge of tax collection. 2837: 3679:, Wǔ)-style 46-movement Competition Form was finalized by a committee led by (as we have named them for the purposes of this article) the Li family lineage. That form was formally published and officially adopted by the national standards committee in 1996. Then in 2006 Zhai Weichuan of the same lineage published his 6-minute 37-movement simplified form to make tai chi available to a wider swath of the public. He and his disciples have since developed shorter forms, including a 28-posture routine, consistent with national trends and standards. 38: 3580:

classic Yang-style metaphor of "an iron bar wrapped in cotton" this is more like "a crab shell on the outside, and soft inside". This remains a "soft-style" form with a focus on internal strength and structure, developed by cultivating "fullness" rather than stretching or external strength, but the Dong lineage call this their "hard form" to contrast it with their primary Yang-style "soft form". Their formal names for it remain "the Kai He form" and "the Hao form".

775:, 1835-1899). Li Yiyu became a prominent voice speaking to us from the past through his writing on tai chi, and he was the first to teach this style to anyone outside the family. Wealthy and occupied for many years with establishing and running a smallpox clinic, he devoted much of his spare time to practicing, researching, and further developing the art with his uncle Yuxiang and brother Qixuan, but also took on as a disciple his neighbor 2956:). With others of his lineage generation, he helped develop the Wu-style competition and simplified forms. Winner of several gold medals in tai chi contests, he was appointed general instructor for a thousand-person tai chi performance, and has been officially recognized for his accomplishments. He has trained many disciples and students in China, and has led workshops and advised Wu-style organizations in North America as well. 3332:. He coached Dong through a nationally celebrated victory against a British boxer in Nanjing — as the story goes, Li was originally slated to fight that match, but a Chinese gangster working for the British consul temporarily blinded him by throwing lime powder in his eyes — and then taught in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Hebei, Shanxi, and elsewhere, his fame attracting requests for training even from the central government. 3557:. The 1977 film of Li Baoyu disciple Ouyang Fang's performance of this form is like a time capsule for us, with few if any changes from the original he'd begun learning almost fifty years before. In the early twentieth century, tai chi forms were still intended for martial artists who also spent long hours each day training on individual moves and their applications, often after years of experience in other martial arts. 3038:

and his son Hao Shaoru developed a shortened 49 posture version of the same form, both designed to be accessible to people who practice tai chi primarily for health, while still offering a martial core with lessons on internal power and other advanced aspects of the art to intermediate and advanced students. This lineage is known for their focus on the internal aspects of "yi" (

3108:, 1935-1995), and two more UK disciples who have in turn trained several British national push hands champions and founded Hao-style schools in the UK and Singapore. In 1995 Liu moved to the United States, where he founded the Wu (Hao) Taiji Association of Silicon Valley and trained several disciples there. In 2005 he retired to the San Diego area, where he continued to teach 4233:), and zhǒu (the Wu family's alternate terms for the same moves), as well as Hao Weizhen's mention of pushing hands in his advice to Sun Lutang, through more recent works such as Yao Jizu's chapter on pushing hands which shows the continued importance of the four directions and four corners by beginning with a basic push hands set in the pattern of "péng, lōu, zhǒu, àn". 800:, and in Yongnian that same year Hao led the first tai chi program in a public middle/high school. Hao's contributions – in developing and spreading the art, and in training the founders of all subsequent Wu (Hao) lineages, as well as the further contributions of his son and grandson – are why many include his surname when referring to this style. 4049:, as well as similarities and differences on fundamental principles such as the Wu (Hao) style's focus on shifting and sinking vs. the Yang style's focus on shifting and twisting, though both styles contain all of those internal principles, just as all styles require the practitioner to clearly distinguish between "empty and solid" ( 750: 3392:) represented Wu (Hao)-style in an official 1977 government film of the major tai chi styles, performing the Hao Weizhen form. Li Baoyu's friend and student Dong Yingjie included that form, along with fast forms Dong developed in part by incorporating postures and principles he learned from Li, in the advanced curriculum of 3721:) are mentioned in a 19th-century manual by Li Yiyu, they are seldom practiced today. However the pole forms and drills for one and two persons include many spear-like movements, similar to the sticking and thrusting pole practice of the Yang and Chen styles, but without the many rotations of Chen-style spear forms. 3221:

staff. Wu Wenhan wrote a book on Wu (Hao)-style applications and edited a comprehensive collection of classic works on tai chi — from Li Yiyu's copy of the Wang Zongyue classic through major early twentieth century writers of all tai chi styles — as well as over 200 articles on the history and theory of the art.

3121:; 1905-1997), a lifelong martial artist who began training with Hao Shaoru in the 1960s, established the Shanghai Wu Style Taijiquan Research Association with Hao in 1983 and served as president of the organization, and trained thousands of students including British and Americans; Hao's adopted son Li Weiming ( 645:". As the Wu family had no need to promote their art, it was left to the Yangs to bring this to the public first. But with different priorities, especially as the two families drifted apart (or worse) by the second generation, they often felt no need to mention each other at all which is why few knew of this. 4271:

But when Li Yiyu's student Hao Weizhen began spreading the art to the broader public, he refined his teaching for practical application by replacing "zhuǎn" with "kāi". Since then most masters have used the term "kai he", and in fact at times the entire style has been called "Kai He tai chi". However

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Wu (Hao)-style tai chi is based on principles shared with other styles, especially Yang style. For example, Yang Chengfu's "Ten Essential Points" are quite similar to the Wu (Hao)-style "Thirteen Important Points" listed above, and in fact Wu Yuxiang has been named as the source of the Yang essential

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In the Li Shengduan lineage, Chen Gu'an standardized another 108-movement form in a small frame approach that, as with the others of this generation, is accessible to a wider range of people yet contains martial training for intermediate and advanced students. This is the traditional long form taught

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The Hao family lineage modified this form as well: they made it small frame, to align it with their next-generation forms. It retains vigorous features including speed, a jump kick, and some fa jin. It is taught to advanced students, and although Grandmaster Liu Jishun stated in a 1999 interview that

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In 1999 Zhai Weichuan founded a 1,000-student primary school centered around tai chi. Tens of thousands of adult tai chi students have also participated in his training programs, including groups from abroad, and he has accepted 140 formal disciples. In 2020 he appeared in the film submitted by China

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The earliest written records we have of this style's forms are in Li Yiyu's own hand. In 1881 he recorded a first-generation form consisting of 53 to 55 postures, the count varying as he worked to improve the description. He and his brother Li Qixuan continued working on improvements to the training

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They also made changes to their art consistent with developments happening in many tai chi styles and other martial arts at the time, to bring the benefits of tai chi to a wider range of people. Building on the form created by his father Hao Weizhen, Hao Yueru developed a 96-posture small frame form

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From this training Wu began to develop his own style, which he shared with members of his extended family. He and his family were wealthy gentry, some of them government officials but none in military careers at that time, and had no need to teach martial arts for professional or financial purposes.

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This is the oldest Wu (Hao) form still widely practiced today. As performed in many schools it is still representative of the early forms with its upright middle frame and its clearly martial aspect. The sequence, in most of the posture names at least, is familiar to practitioners of Yang and other

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was a disciple of Wu's nephew and was the first person outside the family to master their tai chi. Hao's contributions — in developing and spreading the art, and in training the founders of all subsequent Wu (Hao) lineages, as well as the further contributions of his son and grandson — are why many

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The first was Hao Yueru's 96-movement small frame form. Gu Liuxin gave these examples of changes in that form: "Originally there were also jumping movements until the fourth generation teacher Hao Yueru (1877-1935) removed them. The 'Double-Slap Swinging Lotus' was also changed so that there is no

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But with Wu Yuxiang most likely having planted the seeds of this tradition, supplementary chapters on internal martial arts attributed to Zhang were appended to the above-mentioned work by Yang Banhou or his disciples, and by the early twentieth century publications by Yang Chengfu's disciples and

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These forms share many other similarities with Yang-style weapons forms, and may be closely related. In some Hao family schools the straight sword form is almost exactly the same as the Yang-style version. In the Li family lineage, although their straight sword form is a different sequence, their

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Tai chi styles are often categorized by their "frame size", which describes how far the body is extended for small, medium, or large overall reach. Wu (Hao) is practiced primarily in small and middle frame. In describing small frame, Gu Liuxin wrote "the left and right hands each control half the

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A scholarly lineage from the start, Li's disciples authored many books and articles on tai chi and related subjects, in addition to training many disciples and students of their own. Chen Gu'an wrote a book on the 108-posture form he standardized for this lineage and another on the Wu (Hao) style

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Wu Yuxiang's style is unlike Chen style, old or new frame, and unlike Yang style, large or small frame. After he learned those styles, he created a new system that offers these unique points: compact postures, slow relaxed movements, and footwork that strictly and clearly distinguishes empty and

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As the Hao family began to spread this style to the public, some confusion resulted. When Hao Weizhen traveled to Beijing in 1914 to teach his middle frame form, he humbly presented himself as a disciple of Li Yiyu. But in 1930 when his son and grandson moved to the Nanjing and Shanghai areas to

3240:, Wang Guoqiang, Wong Kokkhang), a disciple of Chen Gu'an and Wu Wenhan. Their schools practice a small frame 108-posture long form standardized by Chen Gu'an plus several small frame simplified forms, as well as straight sword, saber, staff, and other aspects of the art. More about forms in the 4236:

Yet for Wu (Hao) stylists, the most fundamental concept is "kai he". Other styles of tai chi and other internal martial arts also give attention to the importance of opening and closing in all movements, but Li Yiyu was the first to specifically call it kai he in his "Treatise on the Diagram of

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In addition, as practiced by the Dong family branch the postures are slightly forward-inclined, in a larger frame, and with Dong Yingjie's signature "iron finger" hands. Internally, practitioners focus on bringing energy to the outside perimeter of the body in all directions, so that unlike the

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Because this is the only Wu (Hao) form in the Dong family curriculum, they perform in about eighteen minutes or more with only a few optional fast movements, giving advanced students time to focus on the unique Wu (Hao)-style internal training it offers. The original slow-swift tempo is instead

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Among other core tai chi principles, opening and closing movements were emphasized in this style from the beginning, however in the first two generations' forms the postures named specifically for that concept were referred to not as "kai he", but with a literary term, "zhuan he" (Chinese:

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Wu Wenhan also researched and released in 1993 previously unknown works by Wu Yuxang's eldest brother Wu Chengqing. Those texts, along with other "lost classics" by Li Yiyu, Wu Ruqing, and Yang Banhou first revealed to the public between 1985 and 1993, expanded our understanding of the original

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The unique focus on "zhuan he" / "kai he" in Wu (Hao) practice sets reveals their origin with the Wu/Li family of gentry scholars who cultivated this art among themselves while leading their community through difficult times, and is also a central example of the important contributions of Hao

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Yang Chengfu and Wu Jianquan modified their primary training forms to a slow even speed, removing jumps and fa jin, to make the art more accessible for the health of the broader public with the encouragement of government officials. But Hao Weizhen's form retained speed, jumps, and fa jin for

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Some also attempted to clarify this by referring to the Li family lineage as the "Northern" branch, and schools of the Hao family beginning with Hao Yueru as the "Southern" branch, though for much of their lives they were all based in Hebei. The other lineages founded by the unrelated masters

516:, the founder of Yang-style tai chi, in the early 1840s after Yang returned to Yongnian from his years in the Chen village. Among their many properties the Wu family were the landlords of Chen Dehu's pharmacy and clinic, where Yang offered instruction in what he then called "soft boxing" ( 2945:

Zhong Zhenshan (钟振山, 1949-), another fifth generation grandmaster, is perhaps better known in the West than most representatives of this lineage. Born in Yongnian, he became disciple of Yao Jizu at age 13. He has written over twenty articles on tai chi, and assisted Yao Jizu in compiling

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The era of shortened / simplified Wu (Hao) forms began in the mid-twentieth century with Hao Shaoru's 49-movement routine. Requiring only about 10 minutes to perform, as compared to approximately 25 minutes for the full 96-movement version, it is taught to beginners and used for public

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Small and slightly built, Li Baoyu surprised many challengers, defeating all opponents in and out of the ring including several gangsters. Thrust into a hardscrabble life at an early age, martial arts provided strength and stability, and his prowess earned him the nickname "Spirit Hand

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styles. In Wu (Hao) schools that no longer practice it regularly, its influence is visible to the trained eye in the fourth generation and Sun-style forms. However, some lineages or branches that still practice this form have modified certain aspects to align with their curriculums.

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Li Yiyu's top disciple Hao Weizhen created a form that is usually taught as a sequence of 81 to 88 postures. Hao was the first to use the term "kai he", or "opening and closing", in the names of specific movements in a form, drawing from Li Yiyu's writing on theory (discussed further

607:; 1803-1887) also wrote on the topic after they retired from government service, though those works along with more by Li Yiyu were not made public until the 1980s and 1990s, so have been called "lost classics". Wu likely also shared his writings with Yang Luchan, and with Yang's son 3097:

Grandmaster Liu trained a new generation of disciples and other students in China, serving as vice president and then president of the Shanghai Wu Style Taijiquan Research Association in the 1980s. He also accepted disciples from the United Kingdom, including the head of the British

2919:) on the simplified form he developed for busy beginners. This lineage has continued to develop shorter forms, including a 28-posture routine, consistent with trends and standards in the field. They generally practice in middle frame, with small frame training for advanced students. 4257:

social class, as "qǐ chéng zhuǎn hē" is also the structure of classical Chinese essays required for the imperial examinations, as well as classical poetry. In modern times it has spread across East Asia as the structure of narratives such as screenplays, and is known in Japanese as

690:" in their publications, including in the titles of some of the tai chi classics. It then appeared in a book by a Chen family member, Chen Xin, published after he died in 1929. This timeline may represent the origin and history of the adoption of this name — from Wu to Yang to Wu ( 845:

The founders of these branches trained under Hao Weizhen, but the first branch in the list traces lineage directly back to the original Wu and Li families. Li family descendants still teach, but no direct descendant of the Wu or Hao families has a leading role in the art today.

3568:) written in collaboration with Li Baoyu's daughter Li Guihua. It is practiced with some minor variations among schools in Hebei and Shanxi, where it is taught at a steady training pace of about fourteen minutes and at the faster nine-minute pace as well. Only in the worldwide 4292:

Chen Qingping may have taught Chen small frame, but all we have in writing on that topic are assumptions made by early 20th-century historians extrapolating from their knowledge of the Hao family small frame; this was not actually recorded in any authenticated sources yet

487:– but is the smallest and least well-known of the five, in part because Wu Yuxiang and his family had no need to teach professionally. It is best known for its small- and medium-frame forms, as well as its emphasis on the core tai chi concept of "open-close" or "kai he" ( 3632:

The Li family lineage (as we have named them for the purposes of this article), under Wei Peilin, Yao Jizu, and others, standardized a 108-posture form, in middle frame with no jump kicks or other immediately strenuous movements. Advanced students are introduced to

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Those terms are seldom used today. The Li family lineage has long since committed to using only the name "Wu-style", while the other branches began using variations such as "Wu Hao-style" and "Hao-style" more often over time, as described in the above sections on

545:, in Zhaobao village where he trained with Chen for over one month (per writings left by Wu's nephew and grandson). After approximately ten years of training with Yang, Wu was likely able to quickly master a great deal from Chen, gaining further depth and insight. 3682:

Meanwhile the Li Shengduan lineage, led abroad by Jimmy K. Wong, has developed simplified forms in 36, 32, 24, 13, and 8 movements. These are similar in length to new short forms developed by other styles at the behest of China's national standards committees.

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In addition to the 49- and 96-posture small frame forms, advanced students in this lineage also learn the old form of Hao Weizhen in small frame, as well as staff/pole training, straight sword, push hands, and other aspects of the art. More about forms in the

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Shared principles aside, much of the Wu (Hao) approach is evidence of an independent evolution and can provide a new perspective for students of other styles. For example, in their forms where Yang stylists perform their signature moves of Commencing (qǐshì,

3770:, yāolǐng). All Wu (Hao) lineages agree on the importance of this list for each and every movement, though some list them in a slightly different order. Following is a translation of the list as taught by Liu Jishun, grandmaster of the Hao family lineage. 3663:

Wu (Hao)-style masters were not included in the development of the 24-movement Simplified Form published in 1956, which was composed entirely of Yang-style postures, nor the 48-movement Combined Form of 1976 which included postures from Chen-, Yang-, Wu-

3409:"When Wu-style tai chi spread to Beijing in the first years of the Republic, some people called it 'Li frame', then when Weizhen’s son Yueru and grandson Shaoru went to teach in Nanjing and Shanghai in 1928, people also called it 'Hao frame'." - Gu Liuxin 678:

for their martial art first appears in a later text, possibly completed in 1875 by Yang Luchan's son Yang Banhou (who had been tutored by Wu Yuxiang), or no later than the first decade of the twentieth century by one or more of Yang Banhou's disciples.

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The Li Shengduan lineage also focuses on small frame practice, while the Li Baoyu lineage teaches the old form of Hao Weizhen and advanced techniques in middle frame, though the Dong family branch has trended towards large frame over time.

2866:, but members of this lineage do not use those labels themselves today. They also do not include the name Hao because their lineage includes family bonds to the original Li and Wu families, but Hao Weizhen did help train founder Li Xunzhi ( 3166: 3453:

solid. Chest and belly are kept neutral in advancing, retreating, and turning, completely relying on the internal movement between empty and solid to transform and dominate external forces with "internal qi and hidden change". — Gu Liuxin

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political allegory. There is no mention of Zhang in original Chen village documents, and although Wu's nephew and disciple Li Yiyu did write about Zhang, in a later piece written in 1881 Li stated "The creator of tai chi is unknown".

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They seem to have pursued tai chi primarily as a means of self-cultivation, and possibly for self-defense and leadership in a time of widespread civil breakdown and unrest including banditry, anti-landlord uprisings, and the

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for the rest of their lives, developing a second-generation 67-posture form. The larger total resulted from separately counting subpostures, such as left and right versions of the same posture, and some additional postures.

656:" (tai chi) in a poem to describe a performance by Yang Luchan. It is not clear if that was an additional influence on the name, or if the new name was already in use there, along with the earlier names "Thirteen Postures" ( 3584:

it is taught at a fourteen-minute training pace, he also published a DVD in 2005 showing that once mastered it can still be performed in less than nine minutes or even under five minutes, in the classic slow-swift tempo.

534:). But in the early 1850s, Wu and his family introduced Yang as martial arts instructor to a prominent family in distant Beijing, where Yang was invited to take up a teaching position at the palace of Prince Duan. 4044:

Other points of comparison include the many posture names and sequences in the empty-hand forms that are shared with Yang style and a few with Chen style, and the similarities with Yang-style weapons forms noted

3385:), also a disciple, collaborated on a manual of their Hao style and on a novel about the heroic exploits of her father and his friends that includes the story of intrigue surrounding the famous match in Nanjing. 2892:

Wei was rising to prominence with the National Sports Commission before he died while still in his forties. Yao led prominent tai chi organizations and schools, and published many books and articles, including

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It took some time for Li's terminology to be adopted, however. The first two generations both called the internal aspects of Commencing and Lazily Bind the Cloak by the terms "qǐ chéng zhuǎn hē", with "zhuǎn"

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generally refers to a much broader geography and time frame than the early twentieth century context of Beijing vs. Nanjing/Shanghai, and in that wider context all styles of tai chi are considered "Northern".

3612:), but it still contains a martial arts core, with lessons on the applications of internal strength and other topics for intermediate and advanced students. The Hao family lineage is known for their focus on 3057:

Hao Shaoru paused his public tai chi teaching in the 1950s, but thanks to his friend Gu Liuxin he was invited by the government to lead a new class in Shanghai in 1960, and in 1963 published the seminal book

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This lineage practices a 108-posture empty-hand form, as well as simplified and competition forms, sword and staff forms, push hands, and other aspects of the art. More about forms and partner work is in the

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and include Wu's own writing on the subject. From these sources Wu and his family developed their own style, and may also have developed much of the cultural and intellectual foundation of tai chi as well.

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The Hao family lineage is known for their small frame. Their forms and other practice focus on small frame movements, including the old form of Hao Weizhen which they modified for small frame practice.

3626:("energy"), with masters demonstrating the use of their small and seemingly soft movements to launch opponents into the air and across the room just as well as masters of other lineages often do. 3034:; 1907-1983), who brought the art from Yongnian to the Nanjing region and Shanghai in 1930, at a time when many martial artists followed the Chinese government and economy to those areas. 2903:), which covers this lineage's forms and other training practices. That serves as their core handbook, supplemented with books and articles by fifth generation grandmaster Zhai Weichuan ( 3553:

were timed doing their own long forms that decade in largely the same sequences we know today. All these forms were performed at a varying slow-swift tempo then, usually with jumps and

3127:, 1944-), also a master of tui na and traditional Chinese medicine, who began training with Hao Shaoru in 1961 and now teaches in Shanghai and Bangkok; and Hao's adopted son Hao Yinru ( 3752:

The tai chi classics of the Wu (Hao) style include a list of thirteen important points for every practitioner to keep in mind. Wu Yuxiang compiled the first eight, the "body methods" (

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Grandmaster Zhai was a disciple of Wei Peilin until Wei died, and then became a disciple of Yao Jizu. Zhai is currently the president of the Yongnian Yuxiang Taiji Research Institute (

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responsibilities. Scholars believe Wu Yuxiang passed along to his successors and to the Yang family the story of the creation of internal martial arts by legendary Daoist alchemist

627:" (the Chinese name of tai chi) may have first appeared in the Wu/Li family's mid-nineteenth century writings, perhaps drawn from the Wang Zongyue text which begins with the words " 3466:

Wu (Hao) began as a middle frame style, and the Li family lineage continues to practice primarily in middle frame, though they also train advanced students in small frame as well.

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Although many styles were passed down to respective descendants of the same family, the lineage focused on is that of the Wu (Hao) style & not necessarily that of the family.'

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The Wu family wrote of many other connections between the art and traditional Chinese culture, with the writings of eldest brother Wu Chengqing especially showing his interest in

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body; they do not cross the center line, and they do not extend beyond the tips of the feet". Medium frame is, of course, midway between that and the fully extended large frame.

611:, who Wu tutored (probably in literacy as well as tai chi). Although the Wu and Yang lineages appear to have drifted apart by the next generation, in the early twentieth century 2928:), headquartered in Yongnian with branches in Hangzhou, Tianjin, Shijazhuang, and other places in China, and has taught in many more locations nationwide. His son Zhai Shizong ( 4107:). In name that would seem to derive from the Chen style, but in this style that sequence is different from both Yang and Chen, with a unique approach to internal alignment. 3592:

In the first half of the twentieth century the forms got longer still, but with a change in focus: creating routines for the broader public and not just for martial artists.

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Wu (Hao)-style forms have undergone five stages of development since the nineteenth century, and since the third generation have often been called "kai he" (Chinese:

3328:) Li". He established a flour milling business and raised a family, but his many storied martial adventures continued on throughout his life. His most famous student was 2872:, 1882–1944). Xunzhi was ten years old when his father Li Yiyu died, and so completed his training under his elder brothers and his elder "martial brother" Hao Weizhen. 3094:), and in 1981 Liu was selected by Hao Shaoru to begin representing the lineage alongside top artists from other tai chi styles at events in Yongnian and elsewhere. 4211:

This is not to say that Wu (Hao)-style masters haven't from the beginning also taught the four directions "péng lǚ jǐ àn" and the four corners "cǎi liè zhǒu kào" (

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teach their unique small frame forms, they were more forward about taking credit. And so the Wu-style form created by Hao Weizhen was sometimes called "Li frame" (

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This lineage tree is not comprehensive, but depicts those considered the 'gate-keepers' & most recognised individuals in each generation of Wu (Hao)-style.

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Kirkpatrick, Andy, and Xu, Zhichang (2012), Chinese Rhetoric and Writing: An Introduction for Language Teachers, The WAC Clearinghouse; Parlor Press, PDF

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two-person saber set is quite similar to a set practiced by some Yang-style branches and may be related via Yang Banhou. This is worthy of more research.

2879:; 1920-1991), and the lineage continued on through his grandsons and other family members, but among his most well-known disciples were also Wei Peilin ( 3112:

and tai chi, and in 2008 and 2012 two English/Chinese books on the Hao family style were issued under his name by a Hong Kong martial arts publisher.

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Sun Lutang proclaimed Zhang Sanfeng creator of tai chi itself. In Yang-style editions Zhang was also named as author of one of the tai chi classics.

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Next were two 108-movement routines. Like the Hao Yueru 96 form, these are now considered the traditional long forms of their respective lineages.

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available in the Dong family fast forms, which include sections that incorporate techniques and principles Dong Yingjie learned from Li Baoyu.

7015: 7007: 6987: 6959: 6931: 6899: 6708: 6557: 6501: 6262: 6254: 6246: 6110: 6096: 859:) of Wu (Hao) style because the founder learned tai chi from Hao Weizhen, that style is covered in a separate article and not included here. 737:"Wu Yuxiang taught reading as a hobby, and Li Yiyu practiced medicine as a profession. They both considered themselves to be members of the 6050: 4253:) meaning "to turn", "to change direction", or "to circle about". This is evidence of the origins of Wu (Hao) style with a family of the 3740:, sàndǎ). Wu Yuxiang and his family preferred moving over stationary partner practice. Further discussion of push hands theory is in the 615:'s disciples began to publish their own versions of these texts with their own additions, and began to call them the "tai chi classics". 6869:(*Scholars estimate the publication date to be between 1875 and 1910, and believe the author(s) to be Yang Banhou and/or his disciples) 782:

Hao Weizhen became a well-known master and professional instructor, further refining the art and developing his own solo form (see the

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Wu (Hao)-style weapons forms include, with some variation among the lineages and individual schools, straight sword (Chinese:

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In 1914 when Hao Weizhen first taught in Beijing, this form was performed in about eight or nine minutes, the same speed at which

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His disciples established teaching lineages in Hebei and Shanxi, and on the national stage his disciple Ouyang Fang (Chinese:

3090:, Liu continued training with Hao Shaoru until Hao's death in 1983 (though they practiced separately for a few years during the 6236: 6142: 3532:). As a result, this has often been called "the Kai He form" and at times the entire style has been called "Kai He tai chi" ( 3439: 820:) with many smaller offshoots. The four largest branches are listed here, named for the purposes of this article as follows: 288: 4237:

Substantial/Insubstantial and Opening/Closing", and Wu (Hao) masters have uniquely made this concept their central focus.

3099: 407: 319: 6313: 792:; 1884-1922) the eldest grandson of Yang Luchan, beginning in 1914 he also taught in Beijing where his students included 763:

Wu Yuxiang practiced his tai chi with his older brothers, and his only disciples were his nephews Li Yiyu and Li Qixuan (

3376: 3087: 7425: 3637:

movements and other aspects of internal strength in the form, and also learn to practice in small frame as well as a

7420: 7392: 7364: 7331: 7316: 7301: 7260: 7245: 7225: 7216: 7207: 5789: 5771: 5031: 5023: 719:

For Wu Yuxiang and the seventeenth century authors he likely drew from, that story may have been primarily an anti-

5051: 3228:

This lineage continues to thrive in China, and is represented worldwide by Texas-based Grandmaster Jimmy K. Wong (

2856:), sometimes spelled "Wuu" in translation to indicate the pronunciation. Some have referred to it as "Li Frame" ( 3651:

today by Jimmy K. Wong and other disciples of that lineage, with a focus on internal strength and structure.

3139:) and now teaches in Shanghai. In 1991 Hao Yinru wrote a new foreword to a new edition of Hao Shaoru's book, 452:

master. Wu also obtained a manual on internal martial arts that formed the core of what are now known as the

7446: 6487: 741:, and in their hometown taught very few students. Li’s best student was his neighbor, Hao He, known by the 42:

Wu Yuxiang (left), founder, and Hao Weizhen (right), third-generation grandmaster of Wu (Hao)-style tai chi

4980: 601:; 1832–1892) contributed several texts to the final collection. Wu's older brothers Chengqing and Ruqing ( 4227:) transmitted by Li Yiyu, and in Wu Chengqing's recommendation to begin partner training with péng, lōu ( 3564:

The Li Baoyu lineage has preserved this form relatively unchanged, as documented in the 1998 book 郝式太极拳 (

3272:

Focused on the old form of Hao Weizhen, most masters in this lineage call their art "Hao-style tai chi" (

6854: 4379:武禹襄拳式既不同於陳式老架和新架，亦不同於楊式大架和小架，學而化之，自成一派，其特點是：姿勢緊湊，動作舒緩，步法嚴格分清虛實，胸部、腹部的進退旋轉始終保持中正，完全是用內動的虛實轉換和“內氣潛轉”來支配外形 4320:)"; not to be confused with the external martial art emphasizing long reach also known as Long Fist or 6354: 3986:

points list by some writers in the Yang-style lineage. Chen-style masters also teach these essentials

5052:

Grandmaster Zhong Zhenshan | International Tai Chi Chuan Symposium 2014, - retrieved October 22, 2021

4272:

others, including Wu Wenhan of the Li Shengduan lineage, preserved the old terms in their teachings.

786:

section below). Closely associated with the martial arts community in Hebei, including Yang Zhaolin (

7270: 3080:, 1930-), also known as Jackson Liu, became the second student in that 1960 class. Also a master of 7404:) performing the Shanxi version in Nanhengshancun, in 3 variations at the 9-minute pace — YouKu.com 3702: 3596:

slapping of the top of the foot. These were adaptations made for the needs of the old and infirm."

3091: 7275: 3987: 3301: 2769: 2760: 1211: 1075: 629: 449: 445: 110: 105: 6465: 6451: 6437: 3492:'open and close') forms in reference to their focus on "opening and closing" movements. 3420:), while the next-generation Wu-style forms created by his descendants were called "Hao frame" ( 696:), then Sun, then Chen — but with no record of verbal usage we have no way of knowing for sure. 7183: 6566:("Sun Lutang Martial Theory Collection: Authentic Explanations of Martial Concepts"), Beijing, 3199:, Hebei, was a disciple of Hao Weizhen and was an accomplished scholar. Descended from China's 7336: 7089: 7072: 7057: 7031: 7011: 7003: 6983: 6975: 6955: 6947: 6927: 6895: 6862: 6828: 6798: 6766: 6736: 6704: 6672: 6633: 6601: 6587: 6573: 6553: 6517: 6497: 6461: 6447: 6433: 6418: 6394: 6338: 6290: 6258: 6250: 6242: 6232: 6206: 6170: 6138: 6106: 6092: 6078: 6046: 5911: 5681: 5655: 4705: 4562: 3744:

section below. As mentioned above there are also two-person weapons sets for saber and staff.

2787: 1967: 850: 797: 635: 554: 484: 120: 6369: 6456:

Smalheiser, Marvin, (with Peng, Youlian, trans.), "Wu Wenhan on Exploring Tai Chi History",

6442:

Smalheiser, Marvin, (with Li, Pranda, trans.), "Liu Jishun: Wu/Hao Style Internal Methods",

4259: 4254: 3670:, Wú), and Sun-style and was later condensed into the 42-movement Competition Form in 1989. 3294:, Hebei, and was not related to Li Yiyu. Beginning at age 14 he trained under Liu Yingzhou ( 2778: 1950: 779:, for whom he made one of only three handwritten copies of the Wu/Li family tai chi manual. 738: 589: 474: 453: 359: 37: 20: 6411:

Secret Contents of Hao Weizhen Yi Qi Tai Ji Quan – Fundamental Skills' (Chinese/English)',

5742:

Master Li Weiming of the Hao family lineage performing the straight sword form - YouKu.com

1237: 1084: 542: 6954:; (Traditional character edition, 2014) 武式太極拳37式, 大展出版社有限公司 (Dah Jaan Publishing Inc.), 3396:

taught today in over twenty countries around the world. More about these forms is in the

380: 5754:

Master Zhai Shizong of the Li family lineage performing the Wu-style straight sword form

7084:

Zhou, Lishang (December 2007). "Wu Wenhan on the Wu Style of Wu Yuxiang, part 2 of 2".

7010:; (Traditional character edition, 2015) 武式太極拳老架, 大展出版社有限公司 (Dah Jaan Publishing Inc.), 6982:; (Traditional character edition, 2015) 武式太極拳小架, 大展出版社有限公司 (Dah Jaan Publishing Inc.), 5831: 4316:"Long" (chang) as in "continuous, flowing, and strong like the Changjiang (Long River, 4095:), the Wu (Hao) forms instead perform Commencing and Lazily Bind the Cloak (lǎn zā yī, 2504: 550: 4017:, chánsījìn), and Wu (Hao) shares with Yang the focus on "sinking qi to the dantian" ( 7440: 4218: 3283: 3261: 1229: 742: 713: 538: 7432:) performing portions of the Dong family forms including the Hao Weizhen Kai He form 7265: 4041:). But all tai chi styles contain all of these principles, varied only by emphasis. 7119: 5819: 5741: 5238: 4168:

Furthermore, Yao Jizu taught that all tai chi movements contain these principles:

3569: 3561:

decades, because the next generations developed other forms to meet the new goals.

3546: 3393: 3329: 2331: 641: 612: 581: 366: 4339:, also translated by Paul Brennan as "It is not known who Taiji Boxing came from." 4110:

Beginning with Hao Weizhen, the internals of those movements have been named as:

7067:

Zhou, Lishang (October 2007). "Wu Wenhan on Wu Yuxiang's Wu Style, part 1 of 2".

6510:("Sun Lutang Martial Theory Collection: A Study of Taiji Boxing"), Beijing, from 7397: 7369: 3550: 3515:'turn and close'. Some have continued to use that older phrase; see the 3309: 3305: 1741: 1204: 776: 649: 608: 513: 464:

include his surname alongside or in place of Wu's when referring to this style.

460: 152: 7193: 7408: 7380: 7352: 7321: 7306: 7291: 7250: 7235: 7221: 7212: 7203: 7188: 6857:

and also included in Chinese and English translation in Wile, Douglas (1996),

5843: 5783: 5765: 5753: 5403: 5027: 5019: 3200: 1960: 1396: 793: 683: 473:, Wǔ) is the third-oldest among the five major styles – Chen, Yang, Wu (Hao), 429: 85: 7093: 7076: 5832:

Yao Jizu of the Li family lineage demonstrates push hands at 7:12 - YouKu.com

3734:, tuīshǒu), as well as two-person sparring routines and freestyle grappling ( 7198: 5180: 5156: 4321: 3318:; 1884-1922), before mastering Wu (Hao)-style as a disciple of Hao Weizhen. 3203:, he was not related to Li Yiyu. His most prominent disciples were Ma Rong ( 3185:

This branch currently uses the name "Wu (Hao) tai chi" or "Wu Hao tai chi" (

709: 682:

By the second decade of the twentieth century, Yang Chengfu's disciples and

6178: 6174: 5774:- Damon Bramich, Yang-style Fu Shengyuan lineage - Retrieved June 11, 2021 3225:

history and thought of the founding generations and the tai chi classics.

3165: 7271:

Hao Style Taijiquan Research Institute (UK / Singapore) — YouTube Channel

7158: 5820:

Li Weiming of the Hao family lineage demonstrating push hands - YouKu.com

3639: 3599:

Accessible to "the old and infirm", yes, and Hao Shaoru did say it was a

433: 7388:) performing the Shanxi version in Nanhengshancun at the ~14-minute pace 6169:(People's Sports Publishing), UBC (PRC Unified Book Number) 7015•1190, 4317: 3291: 3196: 2972: 2875:

Li Xunzhi's sons were key disciples, including Li Jinfan (Chinese:

982: 425: 95: 5680:, (English and Chinese edition), Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 341: 338: 335: 332: 329: 326: 310: 307: 304: 301: 298: 295: 4928:

Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 335, 336, 339, 335, 336, 361, 492, 493, 547-548

3601: 3554: 3366: 3082: 3004:), resulting in longer locutions like "Wu Style Hao Family tai chi" ( 909: 720: 705: 585: 415: 7056:(English and Chinese edition), Shanxi Science and Technology Press, 6316:

and available in print in the 2016 Li Yiyu publication cited below.

5844:

Zhai Weichuan of the Li family lineage teaching push hands - YouTube

3353:) techniques, he trained several disciples, including Shi Fengchun ( 3252: 674:). Written evidence that the Yang family had started using the name 3010:). But over time the trend has been to call it "Wu (Hao) tai chi" ( 749: 6918:

Dong Family Taiji: Dong Yingjie Taijiquan Tradition and Essentials

3251: 3164: 2971: 2835: 748: 441: 437: 75: 7416:) performing the first third of the Dong family version in Hawaii 7266:

Jon Thomas, Wu Hao Tai Chi (USA, San Diego area — YouTube Channel

7148: 3572:

branch is the focus only on a slowed down and smoothed out pace.

5443: 2986:

In the past this branch often used the name "Wu-style tai chi" (

648:

Yang family tradition tells us only that imperial court scholar

6460:, Winter/December 2009, Vol. 33, No. 4. Wayfarer Publications. 4991: 4989: 3430:

surnamed Li were also sometimes lumped together as "Northern".

7376:) performing the Hebei version in Renxian, Xingtai — YouKu.com 5652:

Tai Chi Chuan: 24 & 48 Postures with Martial Applications,

4365:武式太極拳於民國初傳入北京時，有些人把它稱作李架，待為真之子月如和其孫少如於1928間去南京、上海教拳時，也有人稱它為郝架。 7168: 7153: 7054:

The Competition Routine of Wu Style Taijiquan, Second Edition

5678:

The Competition Routine of 42 Style Taijiquan, Second Edition

444:. Wu trained for approximately ten years with the founder of 7159:

Hao Style Taijiquan Research Institute, Singapore — Facebook

4165:

and these can also be applied to every posture in the form.

3990:, most notably the concept of internal spiral energy paths. 3758:, shēnfǎ), while Li Yiyu added the final five "essentials" ( 2992:), with some attempts to clarify by calling it "Hao Frame" ( 7143: 6542:), available online in Chinese with English translation on 6486:), available online in Chinese with English translation on 5439: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5167: 5165: 3993:

Like Yang-style, Wu (Hao)-style focuses on "pulling silk" (

3622: 3115:

Other Hao Shaoru disciples and students include Pu Gongda (

3045: 6853:), available online in Chinese and English translation at 4983:- Facebook video, Chinese language, retrieved Sep 13, 2021 3728:

Partner work includes stationary and stepping push hands (

3022:). The branch was founded by Hao Weizhen's son Hao Yueru ( 6819:

Taijiquan Persons of Extraordinary Talent and Achievement

6789:

Taijiquan Persons of Extraordinary Talent and Achievement

7138: 6153:; 1963, reprinted 1984, Simplified character edition), ( 5007: 4005:, chōusījìn) rather than the Chen-style "reeling silk" ( 7114: 5723:

Li Jianqing 2006, Chapt. 3, Sec. 4, and Chapt 4, Sec. 5

4907: 4607: 4605: 4221:, as they have for example in the Pushing Hands Ditty ( 7222:

Wu Style 46 Competition Form full demo (Chinese) Video

7124: 6584:

T'ai-chi Touchstones: Yang Family Secret Transmissions

2934:) is managing director and a master instructor there. 7276:

WuHaoTaiChi (Thailand), featuring Master Li Weiming (

6428:

Smalheiser, Marvin, "A Little History on Hao Style",

4543: 4541: 4539: 4474:

Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 183-184, 252-254, 258, 492, 536

4029:) rather than the Chen emphasis on dantian rotation ( 3981:

Comparisons: Chen and Yang (and the origin of Kai He)

3068:) which focused on the 96-movement form. Liu Jishun ( 814:) is represented today by at least a dozen branches ( 385: 371: 7030:), 山西科学技术出版社 (Shanxi Science and Technology Press), 7002:), 山西科学技术出版社 (Shanxi Science and Technology Press), 6974:), 山西科学技术出版社 (Shanxi Science and Technology Press), 6946:), 山西科学技术出版社 (Shanxi Science and Technology Press), 6446:, June 1999, Vol. 23, No. 3. Wayfarer Publications. 6312:("For Hao Weizhen to Cherish"), available online at 5259:

Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 265-269, 330-331, 363, 539-542

7088:. Vol. 31, no. 6. Wayfarer Publications. 7071:. Vol. 31, no. 5. Wayfarer Publications. 6859:

Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the Late Ch'ing Dynasty

6598:

Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the Late Ch'ing Dynasty

6432:, June 1985, Vol. 9, No. 3. Wayfarer Publications. 6077:, (Henan Science and Technology Publishing House), 5497:

Li Jianqing 2006, p. 540; see also "External Links"

2862:) or "Northern Branch", and we discuss those names 379: 365: 358: 353: 318: 287: 278: 126: 116: 101: 91: 81: 71: 63: 47: 6183:Hao, Shaoru, with 1991 introduction by Hao Yinru ( 6147:Hao, Shaoru, with 1963 introduction by Gu Liuxin ( 3655:Fifth generation: simplified and competition forms 565:In the early 1850s Wu's eldest brother Chengqing ( 432:, a member of a wealthy and influential family in 428:. It was created in the mid-nineteenth century by 6942:, Simplified character edition, 2006), 武式太极拳37式 ( 6045:(Henan Science and Technology Publishing House), 4648: 4646: 4644: 4620:Wile 1996, Chapt. 2 and Chapt. 4, esp. p. 117-118 4559:Lesser-Known Tai Chi Lineages: Li, Wu, Sun, Xiong 580:Authorship of the manuscript was attributed to a 7115:China Yong Nian Yu Xiang Tai Chi Chuan Institute 6998:, Simplified character edition, 2006), 武式太极拳老架 ( 6970:, Simplified character edition, 2006), 武式太极拳小架 ( 6490:, and in print (Traditional Chinese, 2018) from 4139:) — "Opening", as in "to expand" and "deliver" ( 3133:, 1958-), who changed his name from Wang Muyin ( 6331:("Wang Zongyue Taijiquan Treatise"), Beijing, 6137:(Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House), 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4351:禹襄教讀自娛，亦畬行醫為業，均以儒生自居，在鄉授徒極少。李所傳以同鄉郝和（字為真）的技術最精。 5953: 5951: 5517: 5515: 4263: 3519:section below for more detail on this topic). 2850:This branch uses the name "Wu-style tai chi" ( 7427: 7411: 7399: 7383: 7371: 7355: 7338: 7323: 7308: 7293: 7277: 7252: 7237: 7149:Liu Family Tui Na, San Diego area, California 7125: 7047: 7041: 7021: 6993: 6965: 6937: 6921: 6911: 6905: 6889: 6879: 6873: 6844: 6838: 6822: 6812: 6806: 6792: 6782: 6776: 6760: 6750: 6744: 6730: 6720: 6714: 6698: 6688: 6682: 6666: 6656: 6650: 6627: 6617: 6611: 6567: 6561: 6547: 6546:and in print (Traditional Chinese 2018) from 6533: 6527: 6511: 6505: 6491: 6477: 6471: 6412: 6404: 6388: 6378: 6363: 6348: 6332: 6326: 6320: 6307: 6301: 6284: 6274: 6268: 6226: 6220: 6214: 6200: 6190: 6184: 6164: 6154: 6148: 6132: 6122: 6116: 6072: 6062: 6056: 6040: 6030: 6024: 5892: 5671: 5636: 5621: 5529: 5527: 4957: 4858: 4856: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4713: 4699: 4689: 4683: 4411: 4405: 4391: 4377: 4363: 4349: 4334: 4303: 4248: 4242: 4228: 4222: 4212: 4201: 4192: 4183: 4174: 4155: 4149: 4140: 4134: 4125: 4116: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4056: 4050: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3970: 3964: 3955: 3949: 3940: 3934: 3933:Clearly distinguish between empty and solid ( 3925: 3919: 3902: 3896: 3887: 3881: 3872: 3866: 3857: 3851: 3842: 3836: 3827: 3821: 3812: 3806: 3797: 3791: 3782: 3776: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3735: 3729: 3711:, gǎn). Although spear methods (Chinese: 3706: 3674: 3665: 3607: 3533: 3421: 3415: 3380: 3370: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3323: 3313: 3295: 3273: 3235: 3229: 3212: 3186: 3176: 3170: 3144: 3134: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3103: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3049: 3039: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2977: 2947: 2929: 2923: 2910: 2904: 2894: 2880: 2867: 2857: 2851: 2841: 854: 815: 809: 787: 770: 764: 754: 691: 669: 663: 657: 602: 596: 572: 566: 529: 523: 517: 494: 488: 478: 468: 324: 293: 262: 253: 244: 228: 219: 210: 201: 185: 176: 167: 158: 137: 54: 8: 7144:Wu (Hao) Taiji Association of Silicon Valley 6735:(Shanxi Science and Technology Publishing), 5454: 5452: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4470: 4468: 3290:). Li was a native of Shunde in what is now 26: 6417:, Tin Wo Press & Publishing Co., Ltd., 6393:, Tin Wo Press & Publishing Co., Ltd., 5541: 5539: 5493: 5491: 5399: 5397: 5218: 5003: 5001: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4160:) in completion of attacking or retreating, 4061:, xūshí) weighting during those movements. 3510: 3487: 3191:). The founder, Li Shengduan (Chinese: 2909:; 1942-) and others, including Zhai's book 708:when he was not occupied with his official 493:), and so is also known as Kai He tai chi ( 6540:Authentic Explanations of Martial Concepts 5553: 5551: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5321: 5319: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5086: 5084: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4747: 4745: 4726: 4724: 4520: 4518: 3440:Northern and Southern Chinese martial arts 871: 668:), and "Soft/Cotton/Neutralizing Boxing" ( 350: 36: 7360:) performing the Hao Weizhen form in 1977 7154:Wu (Hao) Taichiquan Association, Thailand 6811:, (Traditional character edition, 2001), 6749:, (Traditional character edition, 2010), 6219:; (Traditional character edition, 2006), 5650:Liang, Shou-Yu and Wu, Wen-Ching (1996), 5505: 5503: 4629:Wile 1996, Chapt. 2, pp. 106–107, 111–114 4516: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 6572:(Beijing Science and Technology Press), 6516:(Beijing Science and Technology Press), 6385:Hao Style Tai Ji Quan (Chinese/English) 6337:(Beijing Science and Technology Press), 6101:Dong, Alex & Saltman, David (2017), 5061: 5059: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4669: 4667: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4130:) — "Connecting", from taiji to yin yang 3588:Fourth generation: new traditional forms 3282:; 1888-1961), who was also known by the 2940:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List 2885:; 1913-1961) and Yao Jizu (Chinese: 6926:(Contemporary China Publishing House), 6781:, Simplified character edition, 1996), 6757:The Complete Book of Wu Style Taijiquan 6727:The Complete Book of Wu Style Taijiquan 6719:, Simplified character edition, 1999), 6189:; Simplified character edition, 1999), 5785:Wu Tai Chi - Szabla (Saber) - 2-Man Set 5404:Ouyang Fang Wu/Hao taiji form - YouTube 4919:Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 259, 492, 547-548 4428: 4285: 3278:). The branch was founded by Li Baoyu ( 3016:) or even simply "Hao Family tai chi" ( 2954:The Complete Book of Wu Style Taijiquan 2901:The Complete Book of Wu Style Taijiquan 424:) is one of the five primary styles of 7184:Zhong Zhenshan performing the 108 form 6861:, State University of New York Press, 6632:(Hebei Science and Technology Press), 6600:, State University of New York Press, 5906:Feng Zhiqiang and Chen Xiaowang 1996, 5557:Wu Ta-yeh 1993, Chapter II, Section 15 4938: 4936: 4934: 4862:Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 257-271, 535-549 3028:; 1877-1935) and grandson Hao Shaoru ( 863:(Article continues below lineage tree) 595:Wu's nephew and top disciple Li Yiyu ( 275: 25: 4871:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 257-271, 535-549 3054:, "energy") in martial applications. 2794: 2792: 2785: 2783: 2776: 2774: 2767: 2765: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2654: 2636: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2568: 2553: 2551: 2540: 2538: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2502: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2486: 2456: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2343: 2328: 2322: 2300: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2266: 2252: 2246: 2194: 2144: 2142: 2136: 2108: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2078: 2076: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2026: 2013: 2011: 2000: 1998: 1987: 1985: 1974: 1972: 1957: 1955: 1948: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1924: 1872: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1701: 1695: 1647: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1581: 1575: 1569: 1554: 1552: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1525: 1519: 1513: 1507: 1479: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1431: 1425: 1419: 1410: 1408: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1373: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1303: 1251: 1245: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1183: 1141: 1097: 1082: 1080: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1059: 1057: 1051: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1003: 995: 980: 978: 976: 974: 967: 962: 954: 940: 938: 936: 934: 931: 926: 918: 907: 905: 903: 901: 899: 897: 895: 893: 891: 889: 884: 7: 6894:(People's Sports Publishing House), 6703:(People's Sports Publishing House), 6289:(People's Sports Publishing House), 5670:Zhang, Shan and Li, Weibian (2014), 4121:) — "Commencing", from wuji to taiji 4046: 3397: 3347:) and Extend Peng Draw Lü Rotation ( 3241: 3154: 2961: 875:Wu (Hao)-style tai chi lineage tree 783: 7199:TJQTN.com Wu Style videos (Chinese) 7028:Wu Style Taijiquan Competition Form 6671:(Beijing Sports University Press), 6504:and (Simplified Chinese, 2016), in 5533:Zhou, Lishang, December 2007, p. 16 5067:Wu Style Taijiquan Competition Form 5008:Youngnian YXTCC Institute (Chinese) 4908:Youngnian YXTCC Institute (English) 3404:The rectification of (branch) names 448:, and then for over a month with a 6644:The Internal Training of Taijiquan 6560:, and (Simplified Chinese, 2016), 5993:Kirkpatrick and Xu 2012, pp. 45-49 5801:Li Jianqing 2006, Chapt. 4, Sec. 4 5593:Liu Jishun 2008, pp. 18, 63-69, 94 5545:Wile 1983, Translator's Note, p. 4 5250:Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 265, 539-542 4889:Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 257-259, 492 4154:) — "Closing", as in "to gather" ( 3687:Weapons forms and partner routines 3620:; 'intention') as well as 3496:First- and second-generation Forms 2863: 14: 7348:Li Baoyu (Li Xiangyuan) lineage: 5124:Yan Hanxiu 1996/2001, pp. 195-204 4444:Wile 1996, pp. xv-xvii; pp. 17-18 3523:Third generation: the Kai He form 3379:. Li Baoyu's daughter Li Guihua ( 3312:'s eldest grandson Yang Zhaolin ( 2003: 834: 7213:UNESCO Taijiquan (English) Video 7204:UNESCO Taijiquan (Chinese) Video 5028:UNESCO Taijiquan (Chinese) Video 5020:UNESCO Taijiquan (English) Video 3895:Position the coccyx middlemost ( 3741: 3529: 3516: 3478:Traditional and simplified forms 3260:, 1888–1961), also known by the 2942:, representing the "Wuu" style. 6663:Wu Style Taijiquan Applications 6267:Li, Jianqing, Editor in Chief ( 5732:Yao Jizu 1999/2010, pp. 219-226 5065:Zhai Weichuan 2006, 武式太极拳竞赛套路 ( 4077:) and Stroke Peacock's Tail's ( 3304:, and then as an adult studied 2556: 2543: 2530: 2374: 1977: 829: 512:Wu Yuxiang began training with 7257:) performing the 49 form Video 7242:) performing the 96 form Video 6972:Wu Style Taijiquan Small Frame 6797:(People's Sports Publishing), 6205:(People's Sports Publishing), 5714:Yao Jizu 1999/2010, Chapt. 4-7 5611:Yao Jizu 1999/2010, pp. 47-161 5566:See videos in "External links" 5458:Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 492, 546 5192:Hao Shaoru 1999/2006, Foreword 5181:taijiren.cn/details/16388.html 5157:taijiren.cn/details/11141.html 4217:), at least in the context of 3717: 3697: 3389: 3287: 3279: 3265: 3257: 3248:Li Baoyu (Li Xiangyuan) branch 3208: 3192: 2886: 2876: 2016: 1770: 840:Li Baoyu (Li Xiangyuan) branch 824: 420: 411: 386: 372: 325: 294: 1: 6552:(Dah Jaan Publishing Inc.), 6496:(Dah Jaan Publishing Inc.), 5984:Yao Jizu 1999/2010, Section 3 5936:Li JIanqing 2006, pp. 289-216 5927:Li Jianqing 2006, Chapts. 3-4 5584:Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 191-207 5509:Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 189-191 5010:- Retrieved February 12, 2021 4964:Wu Style 37-Posture Taijiquan 4910:- Retrieved February 12, 2021 4850:Wile 1996, pp. 48-50, 101-103 4832:Hao Shaoru 1963, Introduction 4739:Wile 1996, pp. 57-89, 135-153 4638:Wile 1996, Chapt. 2– Chapt. 3 4462:Li Jianqing 2006, pp. 183-184 3211:; 1913-1993), and Wu Wenhan ( 2917:Wu Style 37-Posture Taijiquan 1990: 839: 541:, a master of Chen-style and 528:), or "neutralizing boxing" ( 7000:Wu Style Taijiquan Old Frame 6827:(Dah Jaan Publishing Inc.), 6765:(Dah Jaan Publishing Inc.), 6281:Yongnian Taijiquan Gazetteer 6231:(Dah Jaan Publishing Inc.), 6069:Wu Style Taijiquan New Frame 5945:Yao Jizu 1999/2010, p. 42-43 5910:, Morning Glory Publishers, 5810:Yao Jizu 1999/2010, Chapt. 3 5696:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 255-256 5602:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 208-216 5368:Yu Gongbao 2013, pp. 141-144 5334:Wile 1996, pp. xvii, 103-105 4995:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 493-494 4704:(Guangxi Minzu Publishing), 4696:Yang Chengfu Style Taijiquan 4435:Davis 2004, pp. 11-12, 25-29 4145:) in attacking or retreating 3988:with a few additional points 3948:Always be prepared to move ( 3435: 3377:traditional Chinese medicine 3088:traditional Chinese medicine 1557: 1544: 853:is considered a descendant ( 571:, also known as Wu Qiuying, 387:Wu Hao Shih T'ai-chi Ch'üan 7337:Grandmaster Jimmy K. Wong ( 6851:Explaining Taiji Principles 3375:) who was also a master of 3365:), and his good friend the 3264:Li Xiangyuan (Chinese: 3100:Jingwu Athletic Association 745:Weizhen." — Gu Liuxin 700:The legend of Zhang Sanfeng 7463: 7194:Wu Tai Chi YouTube Channel 6944:Wu Style Taijiquan 37 Form 6886:China Taijiquan Dictionary 6695:Taijiquan Research Library 5873:Liu Jishun 2008, pp. 32-41 5183:- retrieved March 22, 2021 4483:Li Jianqing 2006, Chapt. 4 3963:Always attack in a flash ( 3341:), Tai Chi Yin Wind Palm ( 3335:Known for his Vajra Palm ( 3207:; 1912-1965), Chen Gu'an ( 18: 7428: 7412: 7400: 7384: 7372: 7356: 7339: 7324: 7309: 7294: 7278: 7253: 7238: 7126: 7048: 7042: 7022: 6994: 6966: 6938: 6922: 6912: 6906: 6890: 6880: 6874: 6845: 6839: 6823: 6813: 6807: 6793: 6783: 6777: 6761: 6751: 6745: 6731: 6721: 6715: 6699: 6689: 6683: 6667: 6657: 6651: 6628: 6618: 6612: 6568: 6562: 6548: 6534: 6528: 6512: 6506: 6492: 6478: 6472: 6413: 6405: 6389: 6379: 6364: 6349: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6308: 6302: 6285: 6275: 6269: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6201: 6191: 6185: 6165: 6155: 6149: 6133: 6123: 6117: 6073: 6063: 6057: 6041: 6031: 6025: 5893: 5846:- retrieved June 18, 2021 5834:- retrieved June 18, 2021 5822:- retrieved June 18, 2021 5756:- retrieved June 18, 2021 5744:- retrieved June 18, 2021 5672: 5654:YMAA Publication Center, 5637: 5622: 5446:, retrieved July 28, 2020 5159:- accessed March 22, 2021 5147:See also "External links" 4958: 4880:Liu Jishun 2008, p. 15-16 4714: 4700: 4690: 4684: 4557:DeMarco, Michael (2016). 4412: 4406: 4392: 4378: 4364: 4350: 4335: 4304: 4264: 4249: 4243: 4229: 4223: 4213: 4202: 4193: 4184: 4175: 4156: 4150: 4141: 4135: 4126: 4117: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4057: 4051: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3971: 3965: 3956: 3950: 3941: 3935: 3926: 3920: 3903: 3897: 3888: 3882: 3873: 3867: 3858: 3852: 3843: 3837: 3828: 3822: 3813: 3807: 3798: 3792: 3783: 3777: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3736: 3730: 3712: 3707: 3692: 3675: 3666: 3617: 3608: 3534: 3506: 3483: 3422: 3416: 3381: 3371: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3324: 3314: 3296: 3274: 3236: 3230: 3213: 3204: 3187: 3177: 3171: 3145: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3104: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3050: 3040: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2978: 2948: 2930: 2924: 2911: 2905: 2895: 2881: 2868: 2858: 2852: 2842: 2750: 2748: 2740: 2738: 2730: 2728: 2720: 2718: 2710: 2708: 2698: 2696: 2688: 2686: 2678: 2676: 2668: 2666: 2658: 2656: 2614: 2612: 2604: 2602: 2594: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2572: 2570: 2521: 2519: 2511: 2509: 2500: 2498: 2490: 2488: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2454: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2426: 2424: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2390: 2388: 2365: 2363: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2339: 2326: 2324: 2298: 2296: 2288: 2286: 2278: 2270: 2268: 2264: 2250: 2248: 2240: 2238: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2192: 2188: 2186: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2140: 2138: 2118: 2112: 2082: 2080: 2074: 2072: 2064: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2030: 2028: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1928: 1926: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1870: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1822: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1794: 1792: 1784: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1712: 1706: 1699: 1697: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1659: 1653: 1645: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1599: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1485: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1421: 1377: 1375: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1319: 1317: 1311: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1289: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1269: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1249: 1247: 1187: 1185: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1149: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1129: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1001: 997: 989: 960: 956: 948: 944: 942: 924: 920: 855: 816: 810: 788: 771: 765: 755: 692: 670: 664: 658: 603: 597: 573: 567: 537:Wu then found his way to 530: 524: 518: 495: 489: 479: 469: 397: 349: 283: 263: 254: 245: 229: 220: 211: 202: 186: 177: 168: 159: 138: 55: 35: 7292:Grandmaster Chen Gu'an ( 7282:) — YouTube.com channel 7251:Grandmaster Liu Jishun ( 7236:Grandmaster Hao Shaoru ( 6646:, Palo Alto, CA. TTOPA. 5957:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 217 5864:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 274 5792:- Retrieved Jun 11, 2021 5444:Alex Dong Tai Chi Online 5359:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 537 5304:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 331 5286:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 330 5171:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 262 5138:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 546 5078:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 492 5042:Li Jianqing 2006, p. 494 4760:Wile 1996, pp. 15, 24-25 4561:. Via Media Publishing. 2938:to place tai chi on the 289:Traditional Chinese 19:Not to be confused with 7410:Master Dong Zeng Chen ( 7322:Grandmaster Wu Wenhan ( 7307:Grandmaster Wu Wenhan ( 7189:WSTJDJX YouTube Channel 7139:Hao-Style Taijiquan, UK 7120:Wǔ 武 Tai Chi — Facebook 6484:A Study of Taiji Boxing 6087:Davis, Barbara (2004), 5241:- retrieved Jan 1, 2021 3748:The 13 Important Points 3256:Li Baoyu (Chinese: 1991:Li Baoyu (Li Xiangyuan) 932:Direct teacher-student. 732:Li Yiyu and Hao Weizhen 320:Simplified Chinese 7287:Li Shengduan lineage: 7164:Li Shengduan lineage: 6596:Wile, Douglas (1996), 6582:Wile, Douglas (1983), 6225:(Wu Style Taijiquan), 6089:The Taijiquan Classics 5767:Tai Chi 2 Person Saber 4774:Wile 1996, pp. 108-111 4581:Davis 2004, pp. 10, 26 4393:左右手各管半個身體，不相逾越，出手不過足尖。 3865:Loosen the shoulders ( 3455: 3411: 3269: 3182: 2983: 2847: 1009:Individual(s) omitted. 808:The Wu (Hao) lineage ( 760: 747: 639:; it is the mother of 421:Wǔ (Hǎo) shì tàijíquán 404:Wu (Hao)-style tai chi 279:Wu (Hao)-style tai chi 27:Wu (Hao)-style tai chi 7026:, 2006), 武式太极拳竞赛套路, ( 6216:郝少如, 編者; 郝吟如, 1991 簡介 6186:郝少如, 编者; 郝吟如, 1991 简介 6091:, Blue Snake Books, 6011:Davis 2004, pp. 11-14 5635:Zhai Weichuan 2006, ( 5620:Zhai Weichuan 2006, ( 4788:Davis 2004, pp. 15-18 4673:Li Jianqing, p. 37-38 3835:Protect the stomach ( 3450: 3407: 3255: 3175:, Simplified Chinese 3168: 3086:and other aspects of 2975: 2839: 769:, Simplified Chinese 752: 735: 686:were using the term " 7354:Master Ouyang Fang ( 7231:Hao family lineage: 7169:Wu Hao Tai Chi Chuan 7134:Hao family lineage: 7110:Li family lineage: 6586:, Sweet Ch'i Press, 6002:Wile 1996, Section 1 5908:Chen Style Taijiquan 5521:Li Yiyu 2016, p. 114 5476:Yao 1999/2010, p. 42 5467:Davis 2004, Chapt. 1 5239:About Wu (Hao) Taiji 4956:Zhai Weichuan 2006, 4652:Davis 2004, p. 38-40 4611:Davis 2004, p. 25-33 4599:Wile 1996, pp. 20-30 4533:Davis 2004, pp. 9-10 4492:Davis 2004, pp. 8-14 3044:, "intention") and " 561:The tai chi classics 522:), "cotton boxing" ( 373:Wǔ Hǎo Shì Tàijíquán 7398:Master Hu Tianjun ( 7382:Master Hu Tianjun ( 7370:Master Yu Haishen ( 7343:) — YouTube channel 7179:Li family lineage: 6642:Wu, Ta-yeh (1993), 6624:Hao Style Taijiquan 6371:Wu (Hao) Tai Chi #2 6356:Wu (Hao) Tai Chi #1 6129:Taiji Yin Wind Palm 5575:Liu Jishun 2005 DVD 4547:Wile 1996, Chapt. 1 4089:) "péng lǚ jǐ àn" ( 3907:/ wěilǘ zhōngzhèng) 3570:Dong family tai chi 3566:Hao Style Taijiquan 3394:Dong family tai chi 3369:adept Li Jianxing ( 3161:Li Shengduan branch 3092:Cultural Revolution 2998:) or "Hao School" ( 835:Li Shengduan branch 619:The name of tai chi 32: 16:Chinese martial art 7426:Master Alex Dong ( 7313:) push hands Video 6374:, DHM Productions 6359:, DHM Productions 6197:Wu Style Taijiquan 6161:Wu Style Taijiquan 5485:Zhai 2006, 武式太极拳小架 5377:Dong, Saltman 2017 5325:Smalheiser 12/2009 4942:Yao Jizu 1999/2010 3930:/ qì chén dāntián) 3880:Sink the elbows ( 3805:Hollow the chest ( 3673:But in 1995 a Wu ( 3643:version with more 3302:San Huang Pao Chui 3270: 3183: 3141:Wu Style Taijiquan 3060:Wu Style Taijiquan 2984: 2848: 970:/taught informally 761: 446:Yang-style tai chi 111:Chen-style tai chi 106:Yang-style tai chi 7016:978-986-346-058-9 7008:978-753-772-675-7 6988:978-986-346-062-6 6960:978-986-346-029-9 6932:978-7-5154-0180-5 6913:董家太极: 董英杰太极拳传承与精义 6900:978-7-5009-2879-9 6709:978-7-5009-3700-5 6558:978-986-346-218-7 6502:978-986-346-201-9 6263:978-1-60235-300-8 6255:978-0-97270-230-0 6247:978-0-97270-239-3 6111:978-0-9985329-0-5 6097:978-1-55643-431-0 5891:Yu Gongbao 2006, 5855:Davis 2004, p. 31 5425:Smalheiser 6/1985 5222:Smalheiser 6/1999 4841:Davis 2004, p. 14 4590:Davis 2004, p. 13 4305:太極者. 無極而生. 陰陽之母也. 3850:Wrap the crotch ( 3820:Extend the back ( 3790:Round the groin ( 3705:, and long pole ( 3513: 3490: 3195:; 1888-1948), of 2968:Hao family branch 2829: 2828: 2805: 2804: 2562:6th gen. Wu (Hao) 2549:6th gen. Wu (Hao) 2536:6th gen. Wu (Hao) 2380:5th gen. Wu (Hao) 2020:4th gen. Wu (Hao) 2009:4th gen. Wu (Hao) 1996:4th gen. Wu (Hao) 1983:4th gen. Wu (Hao) 1776:3rd gen. Wu (Hao) 1747:3rd gen. Wu (Hao) 1563:2nd gen. Wu (Hao) 1550:2nd gen. Wu (Hao) 1235:Chen Small Frame, 1065:Branch continues. 968:Partial influence 830:Hao family branch 798:Sun-style tai chi 796:, the founder of 662:), "Long Boxing"( 401: 400: 393: 392: 360:Standard Mandarin 274: 273: 121:Sun-style tai chi 72:Country of origin 7454: 7431: 7430: 7417: 7415: 7414: 7403: 7402: 7389: 7387: 7386: 7375: 7374: 7361: 7359: 7358: 7342: 7341: 7327: 7326: 7312: 7311: 7297: 7296: 7281: 7280: 7256: 7255: 7241: 7240: 7129: 7128: 7097: 7080: 7051: 7050: 7045: 7044: 7025: 7024: 7020:Zhai, Weichuan ( 6997: 6996: 6992:Zhai, Weichuan ( 6969: 6968: 6964:Zhai, Weichuan ( 6941: 6940: 6936:Zhai, Weichuan ( 6925: 6924: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6908: 6893: 6892: 6883: 6882: 6877: 6876: 6848: 6847: 6842: 6841: 6826: 6825: 6816: 6815: 6810: 6809: 6796: 6795: 6786: 6785: 6780: 6779: 6764: 6763: 6754: 6753: 6748: 6747: 6734: 6733: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6717: 6702: 6701: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6685: 6670: 6669: 6660: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6631: 6630: 6621: 6620: 6615: 6614: 6571: 6570: 6565: 6564: 6551: 6550: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6530: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6508: 6495: 6494: 6481: 6480: 6475: 6474: 6416: 6415: 6408: 6407: 6392: 6391: 6382: 6381: 6367: 6366: 6352: 6351: 6336: 6335: 6330: 6329: 6324: 6323: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6304: 6288: 6287: 6278: 6277: 6272: 6271: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6223: 6218: 6217: 6204: 6203: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6187: 6168: 6167: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6151: 6150:郝少如, 编者; 顾留馨, 简介 6136: 6135: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6119: 6105:, Hudson River, 6076: 6075: 6066: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6051:978-7-50800-7601 6044: 6043: 6034: 6033: 6028: 6027: 6012: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5994: 5991: 5985: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5958: 5955: 5946: 5943: 5937: 5934: 5928: 5925: 5919: 5904: 5898: 5896: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5882:Wile 1983, p. 27 5880: 5874: 5871: 5865: 5862: 5856: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5811: 5808: 5802: 5799: 5793: 5786: 5781: 5775: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5706: 5703: 5697: 5694: 5688: 5675: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5648: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5625: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5609: 5603: 5600: 5594: 5591: 5585: 5582: 5576: 5573: 5567: 5564: 5558: 5555: 5546: 5543: 5534: 5531: 5522: 5519: 5510: 5507: 5498: 5495: 5486: 5483: 5477: 5474: 5468: 5465: 5459: 5456: 5447: 5441: 5426: 5423: 5406: 5401: 5392: 5389: 5378: 5375: 5369: 5366: 5360: 5357: 5344: 5341: 5335: 5332: 5326: 5323: 5314: 5311: 5305: 5302: 5296: 5293: 5287: 5284: 5278: 5275: 5269: 5266: 5260: 5257: 5251: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5223: 5220: 5193: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5145: 5139: 5136: 5125: 5122: 5116: 5113: 5107: 5104: 5091: 5088: 5079: 5076: 5070: 5063: 5054: 5049: 5043: 5040: 5034: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4996: 4993: 4984: 4978: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4954: 4943: 4940: 4929: 4926: 4920: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4890: 4887: 4881: 4878: 4872: 4869: 4863: 4860: 4851: 4848: 4842: 4839: 4833: 4830: 4809: 4806: 4789: 4786: 4775: 4772: 4761: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4740: 4737: 4731: 4730:Yang Banhou 1875 4728: 4719: 4718:("Introduction") 4717: 4716: 4703: 4702: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4671: 4662: 4661:Wile 1996, p. 20 4659: 4653: 4650: 4639: 4636: 4630: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4612: 4609: 4600: 4597: 4591: 4588: 4582: 4579: 4573: 4572: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4534: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4463: 4460: 4445: 4442: 4436: 4433: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4290: 4267: 4266: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4245: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4225: 4216: 4215: 4205: 4204: 4196: 4195: 4187: 4186: 4178: 4177: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4152: 4144: 4143: 4138: 4137: 4129: 4128: 4120: 4119: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4069: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4053: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4033: 4028: 4027: 4022: 4021: 4016: 4015: 4010: 4009: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3997: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3967: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3945:/ fēnqīng xūshí) 3944: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3922: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3899: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3869: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3854: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3839: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3824: 3816: 3815: 3810: 3809: 3801: 3800: 3795: 3794: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3756: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3732: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3703:saber/broadsword 3699: 3694: 3678: 3677: 3669: 3668: 3660:demonstrations. 3619: 3611: 3610: 3537: 3536: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3391: 3384: 3383: 3374: 3373: 3364: 3363: 3358: 3357: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3345: 3340: 3339: 3327: 3326: 3317: 3316: 3299: 3298: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3276: 3267: 3259: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3232: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3173: 3148: 3147: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3119: 3107: 3106: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3053: 3052: 3043: 3042: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3008: 3003: 3002: 2997: 2996: 2991: 2990: 2981: 2980: 2951: 2950: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2926: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2907: 2898: 2897: 2888: 2884: 2883: 2878: 2871: 2870: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2854: 2845: 2844: 2832:Li family branch 1412:Zhaobao He-style 882: 881: 872: 858: 857: 825:Li family branch 819: 818: 813: 812: 791: 790: 774: 773: 768: 767: 758: 757: 695: 694: 673: 672: 667: 666: 661: 660: 606: 605: 600: 599: 590:tai chi classics 576: 575: 570: 569: 533: 532: 527: 526: 521: 520: 498: 497: 492: 491: 482: 481: 472: 471: 454:tai chi classics 422: 413: 389: 388: 375: 374: 351: 345: 344: 314: 313: 276: 266: 265: 257: 256: 248: 247: 232: 231: 223: 222: 214: 213: 205: 204: 189: 188: 180: 179: 171: 170: 162: 161: 141: 140: 67:Mid-19th century 58: 57: 40: 33: 31: 21:Wu-style tai chi 7462: 7461: 7457: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7437: 7436: 7409: 7381: 7353: 7103: 7083: 7066: 6021: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6006: 6001: 5997: 5992: 5988: 5983: 5979: 5975:Sun Lutang 1924 5974: 5970: 5965: 5961: 5956: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5935: 5931: 5926: 5922: 5905: 5901: 5890: 5886: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5842: 5838: 5830: 5826: 5818: 5814: 5809: 5805: 5800: 5796: 5784: 5782: 5778: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5740: 5736: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5709: 5705:Zhang Shan 2014 5704: 5700: 5695: 5691: 5673:42 太极拳竞赛套路, 第二版 5669: 5665: 5649: 5645: 5634: 5630: 5619: 5615: 5610: 5606: 5601: 5597: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5579: 5574: 5570: 5565: 5561: 5556: 5549: 5544: 5537: 5532: 5525: 5520: 5513: 5508: 5501: 5496: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5475: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5429: 5424: 5409: 5402: 5395: 5390: 5381: 5376: 5372: 5367: 5363: 5358: 5347: 5343:Li, pp. 539-543 5342: 5338: 5333: 5329: 5324: 5317: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5290: 5285: 5281: 5277:Chen Gu'an 1985 5276: 5272: 5268:Chen Gu'an 1988 5267: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5237: 5226: 5221: 5196: 5191: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5170: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5128: 5123: 5119: 5115:Hao Shaoru 1963 5114: 5110: 5106:Liu Jishun 2012 5105: 5094: 5090:Liu Jishun 2008 5089: 5082: 5077: 5073: 5064: 5057: 5050: 5046: 5041: 5037: 5018: 5014: 5006: 4999: 4994: 4987: 4981:28-posture form 4979: 4970: 4955: 4946: 4941: 4932: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4831: 4812: 4807: 4792: 4787: 4778: 4773: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4751:Sun Lutang 1921 4750: 4743: 4738: 4734: 4729: 4722: 4681: 4677: 4672: 4665: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4642: 4637: 4633: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4610: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4569: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4537: 4532: 4528: 4523: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4466: 4461: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4404:Original text: 4403: 4399: 4390:Original text: 4389: 4385: 4376:Original text: 4375: 4371: 4362:Original text: 4361: 4357: 4348:Original text: 4347: 4343: 4333:Original text: 4332: 4328: 4315: 4311: 4302:Original text: 4301: 4297: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4209: 4206:) — "Revealing" 4163: 3983: 3978: 3775:Lift the head ( 3750: 3480: 3460: 3449: 3447:Characteristics 3438:. The topic of 3406: 3400:section below. 3398:Characteristics 3359:), Li Wanquan ( 3250: 3242:Characteristics 3163: 3155:Characteristics 2970: 2962:Characteristics 2834: 2806: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2019: 2015: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1209: 1207: 1203: 971: 969: 870: 806: 784:Characteristics 734: 702: 652:used the term " 621: 563: 543:Zhaobao tai chi 510: 505: 467:This Wu style ( 270: 261:Jimmy K. Wong ( 243:Zhai Weichuan ( 238:20th-21st cent: 236: 193: 147:19th-20th cent: 145: 117:Descendant arts 109: 52: 43: 29: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7460: 7458: 7450: 7449: 7447:Tai chi styles 7439: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7423: 7406: 7395: 7378: 7367: 7346: 7345: 7334: 7319: 7304: 7285: 7284: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7248: 7229: 7228: 7219: 7210: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7172: 7171: 7162: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7132: 7131: 7122: 7117: 7102: 7101:External links 7099: 7062:978-7537747431 7049:武式太极拳竞赛套路, 第二版 6837:Yang, Banhou ( 6592:978-0912059013 6414:秘传郝为真意气太极拳基础功法 6390:郝氏太極拳真傳 (中英对照) 6020: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6004: 5995: 5986: 5977: 5968: 5959: 5947: 5938: 5929: 5920: 5916:978-7505404809 5899: 5897:("Chen style") 5884: 5875: 5866: 5857: 5848: 5836: 5824: 5812: 5803: 5794: 5776: 5758: 5746: 5734: 5725: 5716: 5707: 5698: 5689: 5686:978-7537747424 5663: 5660:978-1886969339 5643: 5628: 5613: 5604: 5595: 5586: 5577: 5568: 5559: 5547: 5535: 5523: 5511: 5499: 5487: 5478: 5469: 5460: 5448: 5427: 5407: 5393: 5379: 5370: 5361: 5345: 5336: 5327: 5315: 5313:Wu Wenhan 2009 5306: 5297: 5295:Wu Wenhan 2001 5288: 5279: 5270: 5261: 5252: 5243: 5224: 5194: 5185: 5173: 5161: 5149: 5140: 5126: 5117: 5108: 5092: 5080: 5071: 5055: 5044: 5035: 5012: 4997: 4985: 4968: 4944: 4930: 4921: 4912: 4891: 4882: 4873: 4864: 4852: 4843: 4834: 4810: 4790: 4776: 4762: 4753: 4741: 4732: 4720: 4675: 4663: 4654: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4613: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4568:978-1893765382 4567: 4549: 4535: 4526: 4524:Wu Liuqun 1998 4494: 4485: 4476: 4464: 4446: 4437: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4397: 4383: 4369: 4355: 4341: 4326: 4309: 4295: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4208: 4207: 4198: 4189: 4180: 4170: 4162: 4161: 4146: 4131: 4122: 4112: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3961: 3946: 3931: 3908: 3893: 3878: 3863: 3848: 3833: 3818: 3803: 3788: 3772: 3749: 3746: 3715:; pinyin: 3695:; pinyin: 3479: 3476: 3459: 3456: 3448: 3445: 3405: 3402: 3308:tai chi under 3286:Li Xiangyuan ( 3249: 3246: 3217:; 1928-2019). 3169:Li Shengduan ( 3162: 3159: 3102:, Jifu Huang ( 2969: 2966: 2889:; 1917-1998). 2833: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2801: 2800: 2797:WU (HAO)-STYLE 2793: 2791: 2784: 2782: 2775: 2773: 2766: 2764: 2756: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2563: 2552: 2550: 2539: 2537: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2109: 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1705: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1553: 1551: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1404:WU (HAO)-STYLE 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 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952: 951: 949: 946: 945: 943: 941: 939: 937: 935: 933: 930: 925: 923: 921: 919: 916: 914: 913: 906: 904: 902: 900: 898: 896: 894: 892: 890: 888: 880: 877: 876: 869: 866: 843: 842: 837: 832: 827: 805: 802: 733: 730: 701: 698: 620: 617: 562: 559: 509: 506: 504: 501: 399: 398: 395: 394: 391: 390: 383: 377: 376: 369: 363: 362: 356: 355: 354:Transcriptions 347: 346: 322: 316: 315: 291: 285: 284: 281: 280: 272: 271: 269: 268: 259: 250: 240: 235: 234: 225: 216: 207: 197: 192: 191: 184:Li Shengduan ( 182: 173: 164: 155: 149: 144: 143: 133: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 51:Kai He tai chi 49: 45: 44: 41: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7459: 7448: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7433: 7424: 7422: 7418: 7407: 7405: 7396: 7394: 7390: 7379: 7377: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7335: 7333: 7329: 7320: 7318: 7314: 7305: 7303: 7299: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7258: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7165: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7135: 7130: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7091: 7087: 7081: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7040:Zhang, Shan ( 7038: 7037: 7036:9787537726771 7033: 7029: 7018: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6980:7-5377-2676-0 6977: 6973: 6962: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6952:7-5377-2674-4 6949: 6945: 6934: 6933: 6929: 6919: 6904:Yu, Gongbao ( 6902: 6901: 6897: 6887: 6872:Yu, Gongbao ( 6870: 6868: 6867:0-7914-2653-X 6864: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6835: 6834: 6833:9789574680719 6830: 6820: 6804: 6803:9787500913009 6800: 6790: 6775:Yan, Hanxiu ( 6773: 6772: 6771:9789574687497 6768: 6758: 6742: 6741:9787537714556 6738: 6728: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6696: 6679: 6678: 6677:7-81051-494-6 6674: 6664: 6647: 6645: 6640: 6639: 6638:9787537519878 6635: 6625: 6608: 6607: 6606:0-7914-2653-X 6603: 6599: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6580: 6579: 6578:9787530486276 6575: 6559: 6555: 6545: 6541: 6526:Sun, Lutang ( 6524: 6523: 6522:9787530486252 6519: 6503: 6499: 6489: 6485: 6470:Sun, Lutang ( 6468: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6454: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6440: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6423:9789881797681 6420: 6403:Liu, Jishun ( 6401: 6400: 6399:9789881717276 6396: 6386: 6377:Liu, Jishun ( 6375: 6373: 6372: 6368:, 2005) DVD, 6362:Liu, Jishun ( 6360: 6358: 6357: 6353:, 2005) DVD, 6347:Liu, Jishun ( 6345: 6344: 6343:9787530481684 6340: 6317: 6315: 6298: 6296: 6295:7-5009-3044-5 6292: 6282: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6212: 6211:9787500907565 6208: 6198: 6181: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6162: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6130: 6113: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6085: 6084: 6083:7-5349-0129-4 6080: 6070: 6055:Chen, Gu'an ( 6053: 6052: 6048: 6038: 6023:Chen, Gu'an ( 6018: 6008: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5972: 5969: 5963: 5960: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5903: 5900: 5888: 5885: 5879: 5876: 5870: 5867: 5861: 5858: 5852: 5849: 5845: 5840: 5837: 5833: 5828: 5825: 5821: 5816: 5813: 5807: 5804: 5798: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5780: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5759: 5755: 5750: 5747: 5743: 5738: 5735: 5729: 5726: 5720: 5717: 5711: 5708: 5702: 5699: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5644: 5632: 5629: 5617: 5614: 5608: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5590: 5587: 5581: 5578: 5572: 5569: 5563: 5560: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5494: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5464: 5461: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5391:Du Yimin 1988 5388: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5371: 5365: 5362: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5337: 5331: 5328: 5322: 5320: 5316: 5310: 5307: 5301: 5298: 5292: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5274: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5256: 5253: 5247: 5244: 5240: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5174: 5168: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5153: 5150: 5144: 5141: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5075: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5048: 5045: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5016: 5013: 5009: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4909: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4886: 4883: 4877: 4874: 4868: 4865: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4733: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4711: 4710:7-5363-1984-3 4707: 4697: 4682:Yang Zhenji ( 4679: 4676: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4626: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4593: 4587: 4584: 4578: 4575: 4570: 4564: 4560: 4553: 4550: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4432: 4429: 4422: 4401: 4398: 4387: 4384: 4373: 4370: 4359: 4356: 4345: 4342: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4299: 4296: 4289: 4286: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4261: 4260:Kishōtenketsu 4256: 4238: 4234: 4220: 4219:pushing hands 4199: 4190: 4188:) — "Closing" 4181: 4179:) — "Opening" 4172: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4147: 4132: 4123: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4062: 4048: 4042: 3991: 3989: 3980: 3962: 3947: 3932: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3894: 3879: 3864: 3849: 3834: 3819: 3804: 3789: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3764:, Simplified 3747: 3745: 3743: 3726: 3722: 3720: 3704: 3700: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3671: 3661: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3636: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3624: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3518: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3458:Compact frame 3457: 3454: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3427: 3410: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3386: 3378: 3368: 3333: 3331: 3319: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3293: 3285: 3284:courtesy name 3263: 3262:courtesy name 3254: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3202: 3198: 3167: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3150: 3142: 3113: 3111: 3101: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3074:, Simplified 3061: 3055: 3047: 3035: 2974: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2957: 2955: 2943: 2941: 2935: 2920: 2918: 2902: 2890: 2873: 2865: 2838: 2831: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2790: 2789: 2781: 2780: 2772: 2771: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2755: 2705: 2703: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2632: 2624: 2622: 2588: 2586: 2567: 2565: 2558: 2545: 2532: 2507: 2506: 2485: 2482: 2474: 2472: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2459: 2452: 2436: 2396: 2394: 2385: 2383: 2376: 2337:4th gen. Yang 2333: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2303: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2245: 2242: 2236: 2234: 2226: 2224: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2197: 2190: 2184: 2182: 2174: 2172: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2096: 2094: 2086: 2084: 2052: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2025: 2023: 2018: 2005: 1992: 1979: 1970: 1969: 1962: 1953: 1952: 1923: 1920: 1912: 1910: 1902: 1900: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1858: 1842: 1840: 1832: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1800: 1798: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1780: 1779: 1772: 1743: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1691: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1643: 1619: 1609: 1607: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1568: 1566: 1559: 1546: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1465: 1457: 1455: 1439: 1435: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1406: 1405: 1398: 1352: 1349: 1341: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1307: 1306: 1299: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1255: 1253: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1238:Zhaobao Frame 1231: 1230:Chen Qingping 1214: 1213: 1206: 1182: 1179: 1165: 1163: 1147: 1145: 1144: 1133: 1127: 1125: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1085:Zhaobao-style 1078: 1077: 1062: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1029: 1021: 1006: 999: 994: 991: 988: 985: 984: 965: 958: 953: 950: 947: 929: 922: 917: 915: 912: 911: 887: 883: 879: 878: 874: 873: 867: 865: 864: 860: 852: 847: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 822: 821: 803: 801: 799: 795: 785: 780: 778: 751: 746: 744: 743:courtesy name 740: 731: 729: 725: 722: 717: 715: 714:Zhang Sanfeng 711: 707: 699: 697: 689: 685: 680: 677: 655: 651: 646: 644: 643: 638: 637: 633:is born from 632: 631: 626: 618: 616: 614: 610: 593: 591: 587: 583: 578: 560: 558: 556: 552: 546: 544: 540: 539:Chen Qingping 535: 515: 507: 502: 500: 486: 476: 465: 462: 458: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 417: 409: 405: 396: 384: 382: 378: 370: 368: 364: 361: 357: 352: 348: 343: 340: 337: 334: 331: 328: 323: 321: 317: 312: 309: 306: 303: 300: 297: 292: 290: 286: 282: 277: 260: 251: 242: 241: 239: 226: 217: 208: 199: 198: 196: 195:20th century: 183: 174: 165: 156: 154: 151: 150: 148: 135: 134: 132: 131:19th century: 129: 127:Practitioners 125: 122: 119: 115: 112: 107: 104: 102:Ancestor arts 100: 97: 94: 90: 87: 84: 80: 77: 74: 70: 66: 62: 50: 48:Also known as 46: 39: 34: 22: 7347: 7328:) form Video 7286: 7230: 7178: 7174: 7173: 7163: 7133: 7109: 7105: 7104: 7085: 7082: 7068: 7065: 7053: 7039: 7027: 7019: 6999: 6991: 6971: 6963: 6943: 6935: 6917: 6903: 6885: 6871: 6858: 6850: 6836: 6818: 6788: 6774: 6756: 6726: 6712: 6694: 6681:Wu, Wenhan ( 6680: 6662: 6649:Wu, Wenhan ( 6648: 6643: 6641: 6623: 6610:Wu, Liuqun ( 6609: 6597: 6595: 6583: 6581: 6563:孙禄堂武学集注拳意述真 6539: 6525: 6507:孙禄堂武学集注太极拳学 6483: 6469: 6457: 6455: 6443: 6441: 6429: 6427: 6410: 6402: 6384: 6376: 6370: 6361: 6355: 6346: 6318: 6299: 6280: 6266: 6257:| Paperback 6240: 6196: 6182: 6160: 6146: 6128: 6114: 6103:Grand Master 6102: 6100: 6088: 6086: 6068: 6054: 6036: 6022: 6019:Bibliography 6007: 5998: 5989: 5980: 5971: 5962: 5941: 5932: 5923: 5907: 5902: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5860: 5851: 5839: 5827: 5815: 5806: 5797: 5779: 5761: 5749: 5737: 5728: 5719: 5710: 5701: 5692: 5677: 5666: 5651: 5646: 5631: 5616: 5607: 5598: 5589: 5580: 5571: 5562: 5481: 5472: 5463: 5373: 5364: 5339: 5330: 5309: 5300: 5291: 5282: 5273: 5264: 5255: 5246: 5188: 5176: 5152: 5143: 5120: 5111: 5074: 5066: 5047: 5038: 5015: 4963: 4924: 4915: 4885: 4876: 4867: 4846: 4837: 4808:Li Yiyu 1881 4756: 4735: 4695: 4678: 4657: 4634: 4625: 4616: 4595: 4586: 4577: 4558: 4552: 4529: 4488: 4479: 4440: 4431: 4400: 4386: 4372: 4358: 4344: 4329: 4312: 4298: 4288: 4274: 4270: 4239: 4235: 4210: 4197:) — "Hiding" 4167: 4164: 4109: 4063: 4043: 3992: 3984: 3915: 3911: 3892:/ chén zhǒu) 3877:/ sōng jiān) 3817:/ hán xiōng) 3802:/ diào dāng) 3751: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3696: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3672: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3621: 3613: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3547:Yang Chengfu 3544: 3540: 3526: 3522: 3521: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3494: 3481: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3432: 3428: 3412: 3408: 3387: 3334: 3330:Dong Yingjie 3320: 3271: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3184: 3181:, 1888-1948) 3151: 3140: 3114: 3109: 3096: 3081: 3059: 3056: 3036: 2985: 2982:, 1907-1983) 2976:Hao Shaoru ( 2958: 2953: 2944: 2936: 2921: 2916: 2900: 2891: 2874: 2849: 2846:, 1882–1944) 2821: 2816: 2811: 2796: 2795: 2786: 2777: 2768: 2759: 2547:1944-Present 2534:1930-Present 2505:Wudang-style 2503: 2332:Dong Yingjie 2004:Li Shengduan 1966: 1949: 1702: 1411: 1403: 1402: 1210: 1083: 1074: 1060: 1004: 981: 963: 927: 908: 885: 868:Lineage tree 862: 861: 848: 844: 807: 781: 762: 759:, 1832–1892) 736: 726: 718: 703: 687: 681: 675: 653: 647: 642:Yin and Yang 640: 634: 628: 624: 622: 613:Yang Chengfu 594: 582:Wang Zongyue 579: 564: 557:rebellions. 547: 536: 511: 466: 459: 419: 403: 402: 367:Hanyu Pinyin 252:Liu Jishun ( 237: 218:Chen Gu'an ( 200:Hao Shaoru ( 194: 146: 130: 64:Date founded 6713:Yao, Jizu ( 6115:Du, Yimin ( 6037:Taiji Staff 5966:Wile, p. 44 3975:/ shǎnzhàn) 3862:/ guǒ dāng) 3742:Comparisons 3551:Wu Jianquan 3517:Comparisons 3310:Yang Luchan 3306:Yang Banhou 1742:Hao Weizhen 1205:Yang Luchan 928:Solid lines 777:Hao Weizhen 650:Weng Tonghe 609:Yang Banhou 514:Yang Luchan 483:, Wú), and 461:Hao Weizhen 227:Wu Wenhan ( 166:Hao Yueru ( 157:Li Xunzhi ( 153:Hao Weizhen 92:Arts taught 6878:, 2006), 6843:, 1875*), 6300:Li, Yiyu ( 6237:957557477X 6179:1097666594 6143:7805050643 6121:, 1988), ( 6029:, 1985), 4423:References 4142:擴展發放, 扩展发放 3960:/ téngnuó) 3847:/ hù zhūn) 3787:/ tí dǐng) 3201:Hui people 2840:Li Xuzhi ( 2770:YANG-STYLE 2761:CHEN-STYLE 2544:Li Weiming 2531:Liu Jishun 2375:Hao Shaoru 1961:Sun Lutang 1397:Wu Yuxiang 1212:YANG-STYLE 1076:CHEN-STYLE 1061:Dash cross 1005:Dash lines 794:Sun Lutang 684:Sun Lutang 623:The term " 508:Wu Yuxiang 450:Chen-style 430:Wu Yuxiang 381:Wade–Giles 209:Yao Jizu ( 175:Li Baoyu ( 86:Wu Yuxiang 7127:永年禹襄太极研究院 7106:Web pages 7094:0730-1049 7077:0730-1049 7046:, 2014), 6910:, 2013), 6824:大展出版社有限公司 6762:大展出版社有限公司 6732:山西科学技术出版社 6668:北京体育大学出版社 6658:武派太极拳体用全书 6655:, 2001), 6629:河北科学技术出版社 6616:, 1998), 6569:北京科学技术出版社 6549:大展出版社有限公司 6532:, 1924), 6513:北京科学技术出版社 6493:大展出版社有限公司 6476:, 1921), 6466:0730-1049 6452:0730-1049 6438:0730-1049 6409:, 2012), 6383:, 2008), 6334:北京科学技术出版社 6325:, 2016), 6319:Li Yiyu ( 6306:, 1881), 6286:人民体育出版社出版 6273:, 2006), 6228:大展出版社有限公司 6175:953122811 6074:河南科学技术出版社 6061:, 1988), 6042:河南科学技术出版社 4688:, 1993), 4336:太極拳不知始自何人 4322:Changquan 4276:Weizhen. 3910:Sink the 3832:/ bá bèi) 3244:section. 3157:section. 2964:section. 2925:永年禹襄太極研究院 2788:SUN-STYLE 2560:1905-1997 2557:Pu Gongda 2378:1908-1983 2335:1897–1961 2017:Li Jinfan 2007:1888-1948 1994:1888-1961 1988:李寶玉 (李香遠) 1981:1877-1935 1978:Hao Yueru 1968:SUN-STYLE 1964:1861–1932 1774:1882–1944 1771:Li Xunzhi 1745:1849–1920 1561:1832–1892 1548:1835-1899 1545:Li Qixuan 1400:1812–1880 1233:1795–1868 1208:1799–1872 983:TAIJIQUAN 964:Dot lines 851:Sun style 849:Although 753:Li Yiyu ( 710:Confucian 688:taijiquan 625:taijiquan 136:Li Yiyu ( 7441:Category 7357:歐陽方, 欧阳方 7340:王國强, 王国强 7295:陈固安, 陳固安 7279:李伟明, 李偉明 7254:劉積順, 刘积顺 7086:T'ai Chi 7069:T'ai Chi 6687:, 2009, 6430:T'ai Chi 4959:武式太极拳37式 4255:literati 3640:Pao Chui 2912:武式太极拳37式 2779:WU-STYLE 1951:WU-STYLE 1703:Li-style 739:literati 434:Yongnian 412:武(郝)式太极拳 30:武(郝)式太極拳 7421:YouTube 7393:YouTube 7365:YouTube 7332:YouTube 7317:YouTube 7302:YouTube 7298:) Video 7261:YouTube 7246:YouTube 7226:YouTube 7217:YouTube 7208:YouTube 6923:当代中国出版社 6891:人民体育出版社 6881:中国太极拳辞典 6814:太極拳奇人奇功 6794:人民体育出版社 6784:太极拳奇人奇功 6752:武氏太極拳全書 6722:武氏太极拳全书 6700:人民体育出版社 6458:Tai Chi 6444:Tai Chi 6328:王宗岳太极拳论 6270:李剑青, 主編 6249:| ePub 6202:人民体育出版社 6166:人民体育出版社 6134:花山文艺出版社 6064:武式太极拳新架 5790:YouTube 5772:YouTube 5638:武式太极拳小架 5623:武式太极拳老架 5032:YouTube 5024:YouTube 4701:广西民族出版社 4691:杨澄甫式太极拳 4124:chéng ( 3916:dantian 3914:to the 3718:qiāngfǎ 3436:Lineage 3350:伸掤收捋旋转圈 3292:Xingtai 3197:Xingtai 3013:武(郝)太極拳 3007:武氏郝家太极拳 2949:武氏太极拳全书 2896:武氏太极拳全书 1558:Li Yiyu 804:Lineage 555:Taiping 503:History 426:tai chi 408:Chinese 96:Tai chi 82:Founder 7175:Videos 7092: 7075: 7060: 7034: 7014: 7006: 6986: 6978: 6958: 6950: 6930: 6898: 6865: 6855:Scribd 6831: 6801: 6769: 6739: 6707: 6690:太极拳书目考 6675: 6636: 6604: 6590: 6576: 6556: 6544:Scribd 6520: 6500: 6488:Scribd 6464: 6450: 6436: 6421: 6397: 6341: 6314:Scribd 6293: 6276:永年太极拳志 6261: 6253: 6245: 6235: 6209: 6173: 6141: 6109: 6095: 6081: 6049: 5918:, p. 4 5914: 5684: 5658: 4708: 4565: 4413:论虚实开合图 4407:論虛實開合圖 4318:Yangzi 4293:found. 4214:採/采挒肘靠 4200:xiàn ( 4157:收攏, 收拢 4092:掤捋擠/挤按 3645:fa jin 3635:fa jin 3602:qigong 3555:fa jin 3367:Daoist 3110:tui na 3083:tui na 910:NEIJIA 721:Manchu 706:Daoism 671:軟/棉/化拳 586:Shanxi 490:開合, 开合 418:: 416:pinyin 410:: 6619:郝式太极拳 6222:武式太極拳 6192:武式太极拳 6156:武式太极拳 6124:太极阴风掌 4280:Notes 4191:yǐn ( 4173:kāi ( 4133:kāi ( 4047:above 3535:開合太極拳 3530:below 3344:太极阴风掌 3300:) in 3275:郝式太极拳 3188:武郝太極拳 3146:武式太极拳 3118:浦公達/达 3065:武式太极拳 3019:郝氏太極拳 2989:武式太極拳 2864:below 2853:武式太极拳 2812:Note: 2541:(李伟明) 2528:(刘积顺) 2372:(郝少如) 2329:(董英傑) 1975:(郝月如) 1958:(孙禄堂) 1768:(李逊之) 1739:(郝為真) 1555:(李亦畬) 1542:(李啟軒) 1394:(武禹襄) 1227:(陈清萍) 1202:(杨露禅) 676:taiji 654:taiji 630:Taiji 496:開合太極拳 442:China 438:Hebei 76:China 56:開合太極拳 7090:ISSN 7073:ISSN 7058:ISBN 7032:ISBN 7012:ISBN 7004:ISBN 6984:ISBN 6976:ISBN 6956:ISBN 6948:ISBN 6928:ISBN 6896:ISBN 6863:ISBN 6846:太極法說 6829:ISBN 6799:ISBN 6767:ISBN 6737:ISBN 6705:ISBN 6673:ISBN 6634:ISBN 6602:ISBN 6588:ISBN 6574:ISBN 6554:ISBN 6535:拳意述真 6518:ISBN 6498:ISBN 6479:太極拳學 6462:ISSN 6448:ISSN 6434:ISSN 6419:ISBN 6395:ISBN 6339:ISBN 6309:郝和珍藏 6291:ISBN 6259:ISBN 6251:ISBN 6243:ISBN 6233:ISBN 6207:ISBN 6171:OCLC 6163:), ( 6139:ISBN 6131:), ( 6107:ISBN 6093:ISBN 6079:ISBN 6047:ISBN 5912:ISBN 5682:ISBN 5656:ISBN 4706:ISBN 4563:ISBN 4265:起承転結 4203:現, 现 4194:隱, 隐 4182:hé ( 4176:開, 开 4148:hé ( 4136:開, 开 4115:qǐ ( 4038:丹田运转 4032:丹田運轉 4026:气沉丹田 4020:氣沉丹田 3942:分清虛實 3936:分清虚实 3927:氣沉丹田 3921:气沉丹田 3904:尾閭正中 3898:尾闾正中 3698:jiàn 3604:quan 3549:and 3512:lit. 3489:lit. 886:Key: 636:Wuji 553:and 551:Nian 7429:董大德 7419:on 7413:董增辰 7401:胡天俊 7391:on 7385:胡天俊 7373:于海申 7363:on 7330:on 7325:吴文翰 7315:on 7310:吴文翰 7300:on 7259:on 7244:on 7239:郝少如 7224:on 7215:on 7206:on 7023:翟维传 6995:翟维传 6967:翟维传 6939:翟维传 6920:), 6907:余功保 6888:), 6875:余功保 6840:楊班侯 6821:), 6808:嚴翰秀 6805:; ( 6791:), 6778:严翰秀 6759:), 6746:姚繼祖 6743:; ( 6729:), 6716:姚继祖 6697:), 6684:吴文翰 6665:), 6652:吴文翰 6626:), 6613:吴六群 6529:孫祿堂 6473:孫祿堂 6406:劉積順 6380:劉積順 6365:劉積順 6350:劉積順 6322:李亦畬 6303:李亦畬 6283:), 6213:; ( 6199:), 6118:杜宜民 6071:), 6058:陈固安 6039:), 6032:太极棍 6026:陈固安 5788:on 5770:on 5030:on 5022:on 4698:), 4685:杨振基 4268:). 4262:" ( 4230:摟/搂 4224:打手歌 4104:懒扎衣 4098:懶紮衣 4086:揽雀尾 4080:攬雀尾 4014:缠丝劲 4008:纏絲勁 4002:抽丝劲 3996:抽絲勁 3708:桿/杆 3701:), 3609:氣功拳 3538:). 3426:). 3390:欧阳方 3382:李桂花 3372:李见性 3362:李万全 3356:石逢春 3338:金刚掌 3315:楊兆林 3297:劉瀛洲 3288:李香远 3280:李宝玉 3266:李香远 3258:李宝玉 3237:王国强 3231:王國强 3214:吴文翰 3209:陈固安 3193:李圣端 3178:李圣端 3172:李聖端 3149:). 3136:王慕吟 3130:郝吟如 3124:李伟明 3105:黄济复 3077:刘积顺 3071:劉積順 3048:" ( 3031:郝少如 3025:郝月如 2979:郝少如 2931:翟世宗 2906:翟维传 2887:姚继祖 2882:魏佩林 2877:李锦藩 2869:李逊之 2843:李逊之 2554:浦公達 2014:李錦藩 2001:李聖端 789:楊兆林 772:李启轩 766:李啟軒 756:李亦畬 659:十三式 604:武汝清 598:李亦畬 584:of 574:武秋瀛 568:武澄清 499:). 485:Sun 264:王国强 255:刘积顺 246:翟维传 230:吴文翰 221:陳固安 212:姚繼祖 203:郝少如 187:李聖端 178:李寶玉 169:郝月如 160:李逊之 139:李亦畬 7443:: 7052:, 7043:张山 6387:, 6297:. 6177:, 5950:^ 5894:陈式 5676:, 5550:^ 5538:^ 5526:^ 5514:^ 5502:^ 5490:^ 5451:^ 5430:^ 5410:^ 5396:^ 5382:^ 5348:^ 5318:^ 5227:^ 5197:^ 5164:^ 5129:^ 5095:^ 5083:^ 5058:^ 5026:; 5000:^ 4988:^ 4971:^ 4947:^ 4933:^ 4894:^ 4855:^ 4813:^ 4793:^ 4779:^ 4765:^ 4744:^ 4723:^ 4715:前言 4712:, 4666:^ 4643:^ 4604:^ 4538:^ 4497:^ 4467:^ 4449:^ 4410:, 4247:, 4101:, 4083:, 4074:起势 4071:, 4068:起勢 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