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372:, which began about 126,000 years ago and lasted 11,000 years. Then there was a significant slowdown, characterized by occasional fluctuations of several degrees in average temperatures. The various advances and retreats of glaciers associated with these temperature fluctuations, are called "stadials" (periods of relatively low temperatures) and "interstadials" (relatively higher temperatures).
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The moraines and gravel beds formed in the Würm glaciation are the best preserved, because since then there have been no more similar geological processes. Traces of the ice sheet have not been scoured out by later glaciers or overlaid by their sediments. This allows a more precise dating for the
288:. After the Gelasian followed the Early, Middle and Late Pleistocene with a succession of several warm and cold periods. The latter are often called "ice ages" or "glacials", the former term often being confused with the overarching ice age period. The warm periods are called "interglacials".
361:, which indicate the perimeter of the ice sheet, extend as a single tongue well into the foreland. Whilst they were hemmed in by the high mountainsides of the Alps, once these rivers of ice entered the foreland they often combined to form huge glaciers.
379:. The cold period was followed by another warming which continues today and during which the glaciers are retreating. However, even in the Holocene there have been variations in temperature and ice advances, the last one in the
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river. Despite the global changes in climate that were responsible for the major glaciations cycles, the dating of the Alpine ice sheet advances does not correlate automatically with the farthest extent of the
Scandinavian
185:
The Würm glaciation (in the north: the
Weichselian) in comparison with the Riss (in the north:the Saale). The glacial advances were interrupted by warmer periods during which ancient European man, the
149:
The Würm ice age can be dated to about 115,000 to 11,700 years ago. Sources differ about the dates, depending on whether the long transition phases between the
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and meltwater deposits behind that are up to several hundred metres thick. Today, the
Pleistocene epoch in the Alps is divided into several phases: the
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387:. The Holocene is considered an "interglacial" of a larger ice age, since the poles and the high mountain areas are still glaciated.
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Eiszeitalter. Band 2: Letzte
Warmzeiten, Würm-Eiszeit, Eisabbau und Nacheiszeit der Alpen-Nordseite vom Rhein- zum Rhone-System.
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The most recent foreland glaciation, the Würm, did not have such an extensive and solid glacial front. Nevertheless, its
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Last update: 2008 chart and 1972 dating when it should be 2013 iugs chart and 2012 walker paper (see
Holocene talk page)
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began in the northern hemisphere which continues today. Characteristic of such ice ages is the glaciation of the
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were below −3 °C (today +7 °C). That has been determined from changes in the vegetation (
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of the region that extended beyond the Alps themselves. Like most of the other ice ages of the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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591:, Aus der Geologischen Geschichte Österreichs, Geologische Bundesanstalt Wien,
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Quaternary
Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere, Quaternary Science Reviews.
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The Würm
Glacial ended around 11,700 years ago with the beginning of the
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Quaternary
Glaciations: Extent and Chronology 2: Part II North America.
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The corresponding ice age in North and
Central Europe is known as the
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ice sheet in the Würm glaciation. Blue: The extent in earlier ice ages
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157:(warmer periods) are allocated to one or other of those periods. The
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Auf den Spuren der
Eiszeit südlich von München – östlicher Teil
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Auf den Spuren der Eiszeit südlich von München – östlicher Teil
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Auf den Spuren der Eiszeit südlich von München – östlicher Teil
253:. In North America the corresponding "last ice age" is called the
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boundary to the north and northeast. From about 40,000 BC modern
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Lehrbuch der Geobotanik, Pflanze und Vegetation in Raum und Zeit
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Moraines and gravel beds formed in the Würm glaciation near
542:. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1992,
625:"Umwelt, Biologie und Geologie: lastiszeitliches Maximum"
134:epoch, it is named after a river, in this case the
294:repeatedly advanced from the Alps to the northern
193:, spread out from the mountain zones and over the
570:. Straub, Munich, 1953. (Geologica Bavarica, 18).
481:Sibrava, V., Bowen, D. Q, and Richmond, G. M.:
342:glaciations. The greatest ice advance into the
236:, Germany, Zeil castle can be seen on the left
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568:Zur Gliederung der Würmeiszeit im Illergebiet
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605:, Wanderungen in die Erdgeschichte, Vol. 8,
465:, Wanderungen in die Erdgeschichte, Vol. 8,
445:, Wanderungen in die Erdgeschichte, Vol. 8,
114:), usually referred to in the literature as
365:Würm glaciation than for earlier ice ages.
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577:. Elsevier Spektrum Akademischer Verlag,
498:. Theiss-Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, p. 34,
368:The Würm glaciation was preceded by the
280:period around 2.6 million years ago, an
126:region. It is the youngest of the major
27:Last glacial period in the Alpine region
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346:took place during the Riss glaciation,
601:Rolf K. Meyer, Hermann Schmidt-Kaler:
461:Rolf K. Meyer, Hermann Schmidt-Kaler:
441:Rolf K. Meyer, Hermann Schmidt-Kaler:
265:For the stratigraphic chronology, see
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177:Corresponding glaciations worldwide
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676:The cold and warm periods of the
424:. London: Penguin, 1984, p. 586.
169:), as well as differences in the
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514:Ehlers, J., and Gibbard, P. L.:
422:Dictionary of Physical Geography
244:, after the German name for the
118:(often spelled "Wurm"), was the
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161:during the Würm ice age in the
209:The Würm glaciation, shown in
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589:Die Ostalpen in den Eiszeiten
573:Wolfgang Frey, Rainer Lösch:
159:average annual temperatures
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566:Hans Graul, Ingo Schäfer:
518:Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004
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102:, colloquially often also
74:Violet: The extent of the
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540:Geologie von Mitteleuropa
494:Wighart von Koenigswald:
43:This article needs to be
485:vol. 5, 1986, pp. 1–514
261:Temporal classification
420:Whittow, John (1984).
267:Weichselian glaciation
242:Weichselian glaciation
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354:in northern Europe.
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732:Danube/Gunz
132:Pleistocene
128:glaciations
104:Würmeiszeit
776:Categories
678:Quaternary
638:2011-12-12
408:References
402:Glaciology
381:modern era
286:polar caps
278:Quaternary
234:Westallgäu
215:Antarctica
195:permafrost
88:Würm stage
633:swisstopo
251:ice sheet
230:Leutkirch
219:Greenland
787:Ice ages
391:See also
377:Holocene
300:moraines
292:Glaciers
274:Gelasian
211:ice core
151:glacials
116:the Würm
108:Würmzeit
59:May 2016
705:Haslach
622:Karte:
533:Sources
323:Haslach
296:molasse
282:ice age
272:In the
246:Vistula
140:Bavaria
122:in the
112:ice age
45:updated
710:Mindel
695:Danube
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370:Eemian
329:Mindel
311:Danube
171:facies
124:Alpine
110:; cf.
92:German
76:Alpine
690:Biber
305:Biber
144:Amper
720:Würm
715:Riss
700:Gunz
607:ISBN
593:ISBN
579:ISBN
558:ISBN
544:ISBN
520:ISBN
500:ISBN
467:ISBN
447:ISBN
426:ISBN
350:the
340:Würm
338:and
335:Riss
317:Günz
217:and
153:and
136:Würm
82:The
348:cf.
138:in
106:or
98:or
86:or
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