John Wycliffe - Knowledge (XXG)

1592:) Wycliffe wrote of progressive stages of scriptural interpretation: the plain or literal reading of text and its interpretation being the most basic, leading to a mystical understanding of the sense of the author, leading finally to seeing the Book of Life which contains every truth. However, historians have suggested that this mystical view allowed Wycliffe to work backwards, back-fitting his reading of scripture to suit his theological views. Indeed, Wycliffe maintains that the Christian faith would persist even if all biblical codices were “burnt up or otherwise destroyed”. 658:, and the university; among the enclosures were 18 theses of his, which were denounced as erroneous and dangerous to Church and State. Stephen Lahey suggests that Gregory's action against Wycliffe was an attempt to put pressure on King Edward to make peace with France. Edward III died on 21 June 1377, and the bull against Wycliffe did not reach England before December. Wycliffe was asked to give the king's council his opinion on whether it was lawful to withhold traditional payments to Rome, and he responded that it was. 901: 4148: 4009: 435:. In the light of the virulence of the plague, which had subsided seven years previously, Wycliffe's studies led him to the opinion that the close of the 14th century would mark the end of the world. While other writers viewed the plague as God's judgment on sinful people, Wycliffe saw it as an indictment of an unworthy clergy. The mortality rate among the clergy had been particularly high and those who replaced them were, in his opinion, uneducated or generally disreputable. 1628: 690:, with 33 conclusions in Latin and English; in this writing he laid open the entire case, in such a way that it was understood by the laity. In it he demanded that it should be legal for the excommunicated to appeal to the king and his council against the excommunication. Ordinary citizens, some of the nobility, and his former protector, John of Gaunt, rallied to him. Before any further steps could be taken at Rome, Gregory XI died in 1378. 620:, and a number of other supporters accompanied Wycliffe. A crowd gathered at the church, and at the entrance, party animosities began to show, especially in an angry exchange between the bishop and Wycliffe's protectors. Gaunt declared that he would humble the pride of the English clergy and their partisans, hinting at the intent to secularise the possessions of the Church. The assembly broke up and Gaunt and his partisans departed with their 795: 513: 1233:, whose preaching he considered neither scriptural nor sincere, but motivated by "temporal gain". While others were content to seek the reform of particular errors and abuses, Wycliffe sought nothing less than the extinction of the institution itself, as being repugnant to scripture and his theology of apostolic poverty, and inconsistent with the order and prosperity of the Church. He advocated the dissolution of the monasteries. 743:. The revolt was sparked in part by Wycliffe's preaching carried throughout the realm by "poor priests" appointed by Wycliffe (mostly laymen). The preachers didn't limit their criticism of the accumulation of wealth and property to that of the monasteries, but rather included secular properties belonging to the nobility as well. Although Wycliffe disapproved of the revolt, some of his disciples justified the killing of 854: 3940: 60: 415:, which reached England in the summer of 1348. From his frequent references to it in later life it appears to have made a deep and abiding impression upon him. According to Robert Vaughn, the effect was to give Wycliffe "very gloomy views in regard to the condition and prospects of the human race". In September of 1351 Wycliffe became a priest. Wycliffe would have been at Oxford during the 1741: 4028: 496:, not far from Oxford, which enabled him to retain his connection with the university. Tradition has it that he commenced his translation of the Bible into English whilst sitting in a room above what is now the porch in Ludgershall Church. In 1369 Wycliffe obtained a bachelor's degree in theology, and his doctorate in 1372. In 1374, he received the crown living of 892:(1407) (possibly apocryphal), Wycliffe appears wasted and physically weak. Thorpe says Wycliffe was of unblemished walk in life, and regarded affectionately by people of rank, who often consorted with him, took down his sayings, and clung to him. "I indeed clove to none closer than to him, the wisest and most blessed of all men whom I have ever found." 764:

opinions or to advance them in sermons or in academic discussions. All persons disregarding this order were to be subject to prosecution. To accomplish this the help of the State was necessary; but the Commons rejected the bill. The king, however, had a decree issued which permitted the arrest of those in error.

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this was announced to Wycliffe, he declared that no one could change his convictions. He then appealed – not to the pope nor to the ecclesiastical authorities of the land, but to the king. He published his great confession upon the subject and also a second writing in English intended for the common people.

1607:, Chapter 26 against those who would stop secular men from "intermeddling with the Gospel".) Nor were there any church-wide bans on vernacular scriptures in place that Wycliffe might be regarded as protesting against. It was not part of Wycliffe's 1377 papal censure, nor the declaration of heresy by the 1430:

is always conferred by God: injuries inflicted on someone personally by a king should be born by them submissively, a conventional idea, but injuries by a king against God should be patiently resisted even to death. Gravely sinful kings and popes forfeited their divine right to obedience. Versions of

489:, a man of monastic training, turned the leadership of the college over to a monk. In 1367 Wycliffe appealed to Rome. In 1371 Wycliffe's appeal was decided and the outcome was unfavourable to him. The incident was typical of the ongoing rivalry between monks and secular clergy at Oxford at this time. 1639:

Wycliffe was instrumental in the development of a translation of the Bible in English, thus making it accessible to English speakers with poor Latin, though whether he himself translated the Bible, in part or whole, or merely played a part in motivating its translation indirectly through his revival

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There still exist over 200 manuscripts, complete or partial, mainly containing the translation in its LV form. From this, it is possible to infer that texts were widely diffused in the 15th century. For this reason, the Wycliffites in England were often designated by their opponents as "Bible men";

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In keeping with Wycliffe's belief that scripture was the only authoritative reliable guide to the truth about God, he is said to have become involved in efforts to translate the Bible into English. However, while Wycliffe is popularly credited, it is not possible exactly to define his part, if any,

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In the summer of 1381 Wycliffe formulated his doctrine of the Lord's Supper in twelve short sentences, and made it a duty to advocate it everywhere. Then the English hierarchy proceeded against him. The chancellor of the University of Oxford had some of the declarations pronounced heretical. When

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His ideas on lordship and church wealth caused his first official condemnation in 1377 by Pope Gregory XI, who censured 19 articles. Wycliffe argued that the Church had fallen into sin and that it ought therefore to give up all its property and that the clergy should live in complete poverty. The

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Rudolph Buddensieg finds two distinct aspects in Wycliffe's work. The first, from 1366 to 1378, reflects a political struggle with Rome, while 1378 to 1384 is more a religious struggle. In each Wycliffe has two approaches: he attacks both the Papacy and its institutions, and also Roman Catholic

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Wycliffe was not merely conscious of the distinction between theology and philosophy, but his sense of reality led him to pass by scholastic questions. He left aside philosophical discussions that seemed to have no significance for the religious consciousness and those that pertained purely to

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Of the 24 propositions attributed to Wycliffe without mentioning his name, ten were declared heretical and fourteen erroneous. The former had reference to the transformation in the sacrament, the latter to matters of church order and institutions. It was forbidden from that time to hold these

676:), forbade the bishops to proceed to a definite sentence concerning Wycliffe's conduct or opinions. Wycliffe wrote a letter expressing and defending his less "obnoxious doctrines". The bishops, who were divided, satisfied themselves with forbidding him to speak further on the controversy. 539:

a number of points in dispute between the king and the pope. He was no longer satisfied with his chair as the means of propagating his ideas, and soon after his return from Bruges he began to express them in tracts and longer works. In a book concerned with the government of God and the

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Wycliffe had come to regard the scriptures as the only reliable guide to the truth about God, and maintained that all Christians should rely on the Bible rather than on the teachings of popes and clerics. He said that there was no scriptural justification for the papacy.

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Historian S. Harrison Thomson notes that Wycliff's theology was on a broader canvas than the continental reformation: however of the major Protestant notes, he certainly advocated "the supremacy of scripture over tradition", however it is difficult to find

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In the years before his death in 1384 he increasingly argued for Scriptures as the authoritative centre of Christianity, that the claims of the papacy were unhistorical, that monasticism was irredeemably corrupt, and that the moral unworthiness of priests

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The attacks on Pope Gregory XI grew ever more extreme. Wycliffe's stand concerning the ideal of poverty became continually firmer, as well as his position with regard to the temporal rule of the clergy. Closely related to this attitude was his book

920:. There are few experts in 14th-century scholastic Latin, and many of Wycliffe's Latin works have not been translated into English, which has limited their study by historians. His theological and political works include numerous books and tracts: 845:

books, frequently associated with Wycliffe, be handed over and burnt; someone who refused and would not abjure could be burnt. The "Constitutions of Oxford" of 1408 established rules in Oxford University, and specifically named John Wycliffe as it

1299:(1360), explores the fundamentals of Scholastic Theology. He believed that "one should study Logic in order to better understand the human mind because ...human thoughts, feelings and actions bear God's image and likeness". He espoused 3656: 1249:

sent their ambassadors to England to gain recognition for themselves. In 1378, in the ambassadors' presence, he delivered an opinion before Parliament that showed, in an important ecclesiastical political question (the matter of the

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On 17 November 1382, Wycliffe was summoned before a synod at Oxford. He still commanded the favour of the court and of Parliament, to which he addressed a memorial. He was neither excommunicated then, nor deprived of his living.

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had memorably used to give 'worm' as a name of God, became in Wycliffe's extreme literalism a statement that Jesus had been begotten without sexual contact (as was then believed of worms) and was formally God not a simply man.

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occurred; the participants were terrified and wished to break up the assembly, but Courtenay declared the earthquake a favourable sign which meant the purification of the earth from erroneous doctrine, and the result of the

786:, intended as an opprobrious epithet, but it became, to them, a name of honour. Even in Wycliffe's time the "Lollards" had reached wide circles in England and preached "God's law, without which no one could be justified." 1404:(c. 1373) examines the relationship between God and his creatures. The practical application of this for Wycliffe was seen in the rebellious attitude of individuals (particulars) towards rightful authority (universals). 1488:

The consecrated Host we priests make and bless is not the body of the Lord but an effectual sign of it. It is not to be understood that the body of Christ comes down from heaven to the Host consecrated in every church.

705:, the content of which was foreshadowed in his 33 conclusions. This book, like those that preceded and followed, was concerned with the reform of the Church, in which the temporal arm was to have an influential part. 454:, which he visited rarely during long vacations from Oxford. For this he had to give up the headship of Balliol College, though he could continue to live at Oxford. He is said to have had rooms in the buildings of 389:, England, around the 1320s. He has conventionally been given a birth date of 1324 but Hudson and Kenny state only records "suggest he was born in the mid-1320s". Conti states that he was born "before 1331". 3358:, attributed to the young Wycliffe, which gives the year 1400 as start of the age of the anti-Christ, interpreting the verse using versions of a Talmudic legend and mentioning a supposed prophecy of Merlin. 1447:

Wycliffe's fundamental principle of the preexistence in thought of all reality involves the most serious obstacle to freedom of the will; the philosopher could assist himself only by the formula that the

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The books and tracts of Wycliffe's last six years include continual attacks upon the papacy and the entire hierarchy of his times. Each year they focus more and more, and at the last, the pope and the

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says that in philosophy he was second to none, and in scholastic discipline incomparable. There was a period in his life when he devoted himself exclusively to scholastic philosophy. His first book,

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In common belief from only decades after the translations, it was his initiative, and the success of the project was due to his leadership. For the initial Early Version (EV), the rendering of the

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The citadel of the reformatory movement was Oxford, where Wycliffe's most active helpers were; these were laid under the ban and summoned to recant, and Nicholas of Hereford went to Rome to appeal.

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As long as Wycliffe limited his attacks to abuses and the wealth of the Church, he could rely on the support of part of the clergy and aristocracy, but once he dismissed the traditional doctrine of

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Wycliffe is popularly connected with the view that scriptures should be translated into the vernacular and made available to laymen, and that this was a critical issue in the censures against him.

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Trust wholly in Christ; rely altogether on his sufferings; beware of seeking to be justified in any other way than by his righteousness. Faith in our Lord Jesus Christ is sufficient for salvation.

1456:) furthered the knowledge of catholic verities; ignorance of logic was the reason why men misunderstood Scripture, since men overlooked the connection, the distinction between idea and appearance. 4546: 1222:, and in his sermons, but also in a series of sharp tracts and polemical productions in Latin and English (of which those issued in his later years have been collected as "Polemical Writings"). 1018:

Most historians hold that few to none of the Middle English works ascribed to Wycliffe can be confidently attributed to him, in contrast to the Latin works, with the possible exception of six:

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memorial obelisk to Wycliffe was erected in June 1897 on a site behind which the Wycliffe Memorial Methodist Church was built a few years later for the town's Wesleyan Methodist congregation.

6305: 5454: 3476: 1559:): being a monologue by the same author meant that sentences from different books could be combined without much regard for context, supporting strained and mystical interpretations. 6518: 1096:, and others, in 1388 and 1395. More recently historians of the Wycliffite movement have suggested that Wycliffe had at most a minor role in the actual translations or contributed 6669: 2772:

This may have been to prevent the development of a saint or relic cult around Wycliff: some local Lollards believed a miraculous spring had sprung where his bones were buried.

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Wycliffe was a prominent English theologian and scholastic philosopher of the second half of the 14th century. He earned his great repute as a philosopher at an early date.

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However, scholars have noted the availability of scriptures to laypeople in the vernacular was not a notable theme of Wycliffe's theological works. (It is mentioned in his

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of man was something predetermined of God. He demanded strict dialectical training as the means of distinguishing the true from the false, and asserted that logic (or the

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and his bodily remains removed from consecrated church ground, following the customary logic that heretics had put themselves outside the church. This order, confirmed by

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meant that men in mortal sin were not entitled to exercise authority in the church or state, nor to own property. Wycliffe insisted on the radical poverty of all clergy.

6599: 4924: 879:, was eventually carried out in 1428. Wycliffe's corpse, or a neighbour's, was exhumed; on the orders of the bishop the remains were burned and the ashes drowned in the 4539: 485:, where twelve young men were preparing for the priesthood. In December 1365 Islip appointed Wycliffe as warden but when Islip died the following year his successor, 886:

None of Wycliffe's contemporaries left a complete picture of his person, his life, and his activities. Paintings representing Wycliffe are from a later period. In

609:, on 19 February 1377. The exact charges are not known, as the matter did not get as far as a definite examination. Lechler suggests that Wycliffe was targeted by 6709: 6699: 5670: 5417: 1092:

and revised the Late Version. Wycliffe's Bible appears to have been completed prior to 1384, with additional updated versions being done by Wycliffe's assistant

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Wycliffe aimed to do away with the existing hierarchy and replace it with the "poor priests" who lived in poverty, were bound by no vows, had received no formal

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at least some of Wycliffe's program should be seen as (naive) "attempts at social reconstruction" in the aftermath the continuing institutional chaos after the

6679: 5229: 4060: 5937: 5952: 3964: 1258:), a position that was to the liking of the State. He argued that criminals who had taken sanctuary in churches might lawfully be dragged out of sanctuary. 6664: 6401: 4532: 4147: 3984: 5974: 5078: 4555: 4480: 3295: 1420:("On Civil Dominion", c. 1377) he discusses the appropriate circumstance under which an entity may be seen as possessing authority over lesser subjects. 6629: 6619: 5280: 4497: 3555: 1543: 1229:, he calls monks the pests of society, enemies of religion, and patrons and promoters of every crime. He directed his strongest criticism against the 6446: 1306:

The centre of Wycliffe's philosophical system is formed by the doctrine of the prior existence in the thought of God of all things and events. While

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Wycliffe appears to have had similar ideas of justification as the later reformers would. According to Wycliffe faith was sufficient for salvation:

830:, the last part of which he named in characteristic fashion "Of Antichrist", remained uncompleted. While he was saying Mass in the parish church on 822:. Urban VI, contrary to Wycliffe's hopes, had not turned out to be a reforming pope. The literary achievements of Wycliffe's last days, such as the 273:

He became an influential dissident within the Catholic priesthood during the 14th century and is often considered an important predecessor to

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says that all truths necessary to faith are found expressly in the Bible, and the more necessary, the more expressly. This proposition was later

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in 1388, known as the Late Version (LV). Linguistic analysis, however, suggests there were multiple translators for both EV and LV translations.

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Wyclif and the Oxford Schools: The Relation of the "Summa de Ente" to Scholastic Debates at Oxford in the Later Fourteenth Century

1611:(1415). Vernacular scriptures were not mentioned in the two key early Lollard documents, regarded as channelling his doctrine: the 1135:

it has been noted, however, that the vocabulary in English Wycliffite sermons doesn't typically match that found in the EV or LV.

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tendency of the high offices of state to be held by clerics was resented by many of the nobles, such as the backroom power broker

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writings as heretical; it decreed that new translation efforts of Scripture into English should be first authorized by a Bishop.

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The literal sense of scripture is that sense which the Holy Ghost first imparted so that the faithful soul might ascend to God (

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by their orthodox contemporaries in the 15th and 16th centuries, adopted a number of the beliefs attributed to Wycliffe such as

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His first tracts and greater works of ecclesiastical-political content defended the privileges of the State. By 1379 in his

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to the people. Itinerant preachers spread the teachings of Wycliffe. The bull of Gregory XI impressed upon them the name of

751:, now Archbishop of Canterbury, called an ecclesiastical assembly of notables at London. During the consultations on 21 May 455: 3926: 1194:("On the Church"), Wycliffe clearly claimed the supremacy of the king over the priesthood. He also rejected the selling of 6649: 6558: 6548: 5969: 5767: 5737: 5578: 5429: 5382: 5120: 4801: 1269:

identifies three stages in Wycliffe's relations with the papacy. The first step, which carried him to the outbreak of the

752: 162: 4431: 4297: 1669:, an alliance of organisations with the common objective of translating the Bible for every language group that needs it. 6654: 6639: 5747: 4861: 4046: 3893: 1407:"Beyond all doubt, intellectual and emotional error about universals is the cause of all sin that reigns in the world." 1274: 871:

declared Wycliffe a heretic on 4 May 1415, and banned his writings. The Council decreed that Wycliffe's works should be

493: 396:, with which he was so closely connected until the end of his life, but he is known to have been at Oxford around 1345. 1362:

A number of Wycliffe's ideas have been carried forward in the twentieth century by philosopher and Reformed theologian

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would view "beauty' as a property that exists in an ideal form independently of any mind or thing, "for Wycliffe every

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espoused in his works. No reformer adopted his view that every verse in Scripture was in some way literally true.

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has been traditionally attributed to Wycliffe. The whole was revised perhaps by Wycliffe's younger contemporary

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Tracts and Treatises of John de Wycliffe: With Selections and Translations from His Manuscripts and Latin Works

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sensum literalem scripture sensum, quem spiritus sanctus primo indidit, ut animus fidelis ascendat in deum.

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The battle against what he saw as an imperialised papacy and its supporters, the "sects", as he called the

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Theologically, his preaching expressed a strong belief in predestination that enabled him to declare an "

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An excellent account of this dispute between the bishop and the protectors of Wycliffe is given in the

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to defend himself. However, Sir Lewis Clifford entered the chapel and in the name of the queen mother (

4571: 3431:"Vernacular Bible Reading in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe: The "Catholic" Position Revisited" 2342:

The Story of the Bible: The Fascinating History of Its Writing, Translation and Effect on Civilization

1314:, as part of creation, derived its existence from God, the Creator". Wycliffe was a close follower of 531:

In 1374 his name appears second, after a bishop, on a commission which the English Government sent to

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passages taken from his English theological writings, with some, building on the earlier theories of

868: 393: 356:. Wycliffe's writings in Latin greatly influenced the philosophy and teaching of the Czech reformer 333: 255: 4661: 4631: 4626: 4606: 4601: 4591: 3512: 3020: 1952:

An epithet first accorded to the theologian by the 16th century historian and controversialist

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seem to him practically equivalent concepts. Yet there are passages which are moderate in tone:

624:. Most of the English clergy were irritated by this encounter, and attacks upon Wycliffe began. 1718:, presumably starting in some Protestant communities. For example, Haitian rapper and musician 1484:, however the claim was a misconception, perhaps used to discredit his views on the Eucharist. 6659: 6376: 6295: 6290: 6244: 6239: 6184: 6053: 5849: 5234: 5155: 5093: 4726: 4469: 4414: 4307: 4208: 4188: 4182: 4112: 4097: 3856: 3811: 3810:(Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001) (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature, 45) ( 3778: 3746: 3697: 3530: 3492: 3409: 3331: 3221: 3105: 2984: 2943: 2873: 2779: 2740: 2573: 2454: 2420: 2388: 2346: 2223: 2172: 2129: 1759: 1616: 1363: 1356: 1270: 1255: 1069: 748: 602: 582: 2517: 392:

Wycliffe received his early education close to his home. It is unknown when he first came to

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Biblical Commentary and Translation in Later Medieval England: Experiments in Interpretation

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confined Wycliffe for some time in Black Hall, but his friends soon obtained his release.

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Kraebel, Andrew (2020). "Eclectic Hermeneutics: Biblical Commentary in Wyclif's Oxford".

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Thakkar, Mark (22 October 2020). "Duces caecorum: On Two Recent Translations of Wyclif".

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Chaucer and the Culture of Dissent: The Lollard Context and Subtext of the Parson's Tale

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According to tradition Wycliffe is said to have completed a translation direct from the

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summarised Wycliffe's work of the same name, with additional material from Wycliffe's

1303:: that a true proposition maps onto a truth about being (i.e., about something real.) 1143: 6583: 6416: 6353: 6342: 6229: 6116: 6019: 6007: 5844: 5834: 5784: 5517: 5263: 5083: 4866: 4756: 4731: 4691: 4646: 4524: 4459: 4327: 4257: 3855:. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition 4). Leiden: Brill, 2006. (hardcover, 3454: 1809: 1746: 1569:

sensus . . . literalis est utrobique verus, cum non asseritur a recte intelligentibus

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From 1380 onwards, Wycliffe devoted himself to writings that argued his rejection of

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A second key point of Wycliffe's is his emphasis on the notion of divine Lordship (

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The second and third books of his work dealing with civil government carry a sharp

614: 451: 341: 243: 47: 3733: 2778:(First published in paperback ed.). New Haven London: Yale University Press. 301: 3488: 2340: 2051: 6081: 5942: 5913: 5854: 5829: 5824: 5688: 5603: 5497: 5478: 5187: 4891: 4781: 4746: 4245: 4234: 4193: 3839:

The Cambridge History of the Bible. The West from the Fathers to the Reformation

1896:

Translations of Authority in Medieval English Literature: Valuing the Vernacular

1754: 1719: 1340: 1207: 1195: 1180: 1128: 1093: 880: 815: 564: 474: 412: 407: 349: 59: 3800: 3793: 3725: 732:, his theses could not be defended any more. This view cost him the support of 6461: 6211: 6159: 5964: 5794: 5439: 5268: 5212: 5207: 4741: 4229: 3939: 3405: 3351: 3157: 2812: 2618: 1736: 1352: 1336: 1262: 639: 549: 536: 459: 447: 337: 325: 296: 259: 3430: 3327: 3225: 2947: 2744: 2323: 2023: 1974: 6456: 6406: 6332: 6327: 6101: 6086: 5814: 5804: 5507: 5493: 5217: 4370: 4365: 4107: 3946: 1953: 1453: 1449: 1184: 905: 291: 3770:(Leiden, Brill, 2007) (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 139). 2298:

Christian History | Learn the History of Christianity & the Church

446:

in 1361. In the same year he was presented by the college to the parish of

4902: 3446: 1179:

to blessedness. No one who is eternally lost has part in it. There is one

1171:", made up of those predestined to be saved, rather than in the "visible" 492:

In 1368, he gave up his living at Fillingham and took over the rectory of

6300: 6179: 5819: 5512: 5258: 5248: 5202: 5197: 5192: 4383: 4360: 4239: 4169: 4091: 4022: 3361: 3279:"Why was John Wyclif regarded as a heretic by the Roman Catholic Church?" 2657: 2369:

The Great Pestilence (A.D. 1348-9), Now Commonly Known as the Black Death

2367: 1960:(Wesel, 1548). Margaret Aston, "John Wycliffe's Reformation Reputation", 1764: 1685:, a graduate theological school federated with the University of Toronto. 1676: 1573: 1481: 1436: 1432: 1318:, and always upheld the primacy of the Creator over the created reality. 819: 808: 783: 431:

as a junior fellow in 1356. That same year he produced a small treatise,

419:, in which sixty-three students and a number of townspeople were killed. 378: 313: 251: 179: 3233: 3209: 2752: 2728: 1245:

Wycliffe's influence was never greater than at the moment when pope and

1210:

orders, takes up a large space not only in his later works, such as the

6337: 6267: 5927: 5891: 4285: 4128: 2877: 2821: 1656: 1644: 1480:, saying they were against scripture. Wycliffe was attacked as being a 1109: 1057: 847: 842: 628: 545: 518: 357: 263: 17: 4038: 2979: 2955: 2931: 916:

Wycliffe is said to have written about two hundred works in Latin and

5353: 5273: 5140: 3588: 1230: 834:, 28 December 1384, he suffered a stroke, and died a few days later. 779: 713: 553: 532: 3278: 2911:

Gasquet, Francis Aidan (1894). "The Pre-Reformation English Bible".

826:, stand at the peak of the knowledge of his day. His last work, the 4018: 5901: 3483:. Studies in Church History. Cambridge University Press: 209–218. 3253:"John Wycliffe Was an English Bible Translator and Early Reformer" 2385:

The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought c. 350–c. 1450

1626: 1307: 1142: 899: 852: 841:

classed heresy as a form of sedition or treason, and ordered that

793: 511: 585:'s. This called for the royal divestment of all church property. 544:, he attacked the temporal rule of the clergy, the collection of 258:. Wycliffe is traditionally believed to have advocated or made a 5598: 3808:

The Wycliffite Heresy. Authority and the Interpretation of Texts

3320:

The Wycliffite Heresy: Authority and the Interpretation of Texts

1540:

omnis veritas est ex scriptura, et ut necessarior est expressior

1088:

Early Version. It is assumed that his associates translated the

463: 353: 30:"John Wickliffe" and "Wycliff" redirect here. For the ship, see 4906: 4528: 4042: 3296:"From the Archives: Wycliffe Causes Controversy over Eucharist" 2568:

The premature Reformation: Wycliffite texts and Lollard history

613:'s opponents among the nobles and church hierarchy. Gaunt, the 3158:"Stanislav of Znojmo's Commentary on John Wyclif's Philosophy" 2329:

Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 28 July 2015

581:("On Civil Dominion"), which drew arguments from the works of 3477:"The condemnation of John Wyclif at the Council of Constance" 2643:"Earthquake Synod." Cross, F. L. and E. A. Livingstone, eds. 4033: 3792:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online ed., September 2010 2776:

Heretics and believers: a history of the English Reformation

1175:. To Wycliffe, the Church was the totality of those who are 3788:

Hudson, Anne, and Anthony Kenny. "Wyclif, John (d. 1384)",

818:. From there he sent out tracts against the monks and Pope 312:

Certain of Wycliffe's later followers, derogatorily called

3825:(Oxford University Press, 2009) (Great Medieval Thinkers). 1691:, an English independent, private day and boarding school. 4514:

indicate their inclusion to be controversial or disputed.

3951:

An Account of the Life and Persecutions of John Wickliffe

747:, Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1382 Wycliffe's old enemy 286:

Wycliffe has been characterised as the "evening star" of

215: 206: 3888:(Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1961). 2255:"John Wiclif, patriot & reformer; life and writings" 1675:, one of the Church of England's designated Evangelical 1343:

far outranked Aristotle. So far as his relations to the

577:

He entered the politics of the day with his great work

470:, which he held in addition to the post at Fillingham. 6519:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

1084:

but it is possible he initially translated the entire

1810:"John Wycliffe | Biography, Legacy, & Facts" 218: 209: 203: 3894:

Duces caecorum: On Two Recent Translations of Wyclif

3853:

A Companion to John Wyclif, Late Medieval Theologian

3135:"John Wycliffe: The Morning Star of the Reformation" 1898:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 10. 1839:

A Companion to John Wyclif. Late Medieval Theologian

1068:. He may have personally translated the Gospels of 212: 6362: 6281: 6210: 6145: 6067: 5998: 5912: 5679: 5562: 5398: 5289: 5171: 5069: 4958: 4490: 4447: 4397: 4348: 4278: 4271: 4222: 4162: 4155: 4121: 4083: 4076: 3714:; Kenny, Anthony (2004). "Wyclif, John (d. 1384)". 1640:of Oxford biblical studies, is a matter of debate. 200: 173: 161: 151: 141: 124: 114: 95: 75: 45: 3181:, which make up the bulk of the first half of his 2971:Jesus and the Making of the Modern Mind, 1380-1520 2872:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 269. 2716:, New York: New York University Press, p. 230 2565: 427:Wycliffe completed his bachelor of arts degree at 2897:(Cambridge, 2007), and Elizabeth Solopova (ed.), 1531:(On the Truthfulness of Holy Scripture, c.1378). 3768:John Wyclif's Discourse on Dominion in Community 3385:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 3377:Corrigan, Kevin; Harrington, L. Michael (2023). 3120:(2): 239 – via Cambridge University Press. 2973:. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. p. 257. 2387:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 644–649. 1864:, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 2294:"John Wycliffe and the Dawn of the Reformation" 1939:Emily Michael, "John Wyclif on body and mind", 3531:"The Thirty Seven Conclusions of the Lollards" 3400:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 54–90. 3198:, (trans. A. Kenny), Oxford: 1985, pp. 162–165 2645:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2504:"John Wyclif, Translator and Controversialist" 1923:"John Wyclif, Translator and Controversialist" 984:("On the Truthfulness of Holy Scripture") 1378 4918: 4540: 4054: 3832:(Springer Netherlands, 2011) pp. 653–58. 3692:(12th ed.). Pearson Education. pp. 1108:in the translations, which were based on the 238:1328 – 31 December 1384) was an English 8: 6670:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church 3720:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2447:Lechler, Gotthard Victor (26 October 1904). 1880:. London: Hambledon Press. pp. 144–145. 1643:His theology also had a strong influence on 1521:Wycliffe expressed his theories in the book 668:In March 1378, he was summoned to appear at 3935:. "John Wyclif and the Lollards". (45 mins) 3868:The origins of religious dissent in England 3775:John Wycliffe – The Dawn Of The Reformation 3110:"A History of the Medieval Church 590–1500" 2714:Introduction To The History of Christianity 2319: 2317: 2315: 1833:For a recent biography see: Andrew Larsen, 1549:The whole of scripture is one word of God ( 589:Conflicts with Church, State and University 5995: 4925: 4911: 4903: 4547: 4533: 4525: 4481:Triumph of the Cross (Girolamo Savonarola) 4275: 4159: 4080: 4061: 4047: 4039: 1662:Several institutions are named after him: 790:Death and posthumous declaration of heresy 58: 42: 4498:Comparison of Catharism and Protestantism 3777:(Mayflower Christian Publications, 1984) 3129: 3127: 3008:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. p. 161. 2978: 2820: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2089: 2087: 2085: 802:, showing the burning of his works (1714) 642:against Wycliffe, dispatching one to the 6600:14th-century Christian biblical scholars 3513:"The Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards" 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3084:"John Wiclif's Polemical works in Latin" 2932:"The Authorship of the Wycliffite Bible" 2547:Tracts and Treatises of John de Wycliffe 2450:John Wycliffe and His English Precursors 2408: 2406: 2404: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 1958:Illustrium maioris britanniae scriptorum 1889: 1887: 1862:The Middle English Bible: A Reassessment 1556:Tota scriptura sacra est unum dei verbum 6343:Fostering of early experimental science 3790:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3717:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3383:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3214:The Indian Journal of Political Science 2889: 2887: 2248: 2246: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1801: 1781: 1273:, involves moderate recognition of the 809:invalidated their office and sacraments 535:to discuss with the representatives of 34:. For other uses and other people, see 6447:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 3039:"John Wycliffe condemned as a heretic" 2540: 2538: 2366:Gasquet, Francis Aidan (29 May 2014). 2253:Buddensieg, Rudolf (26 October 1884). 1714:Wycliffe and its variants are popular 481:, to place him in 1365 at the head of 6710:Wardens of Canterbury College, Oxford 6700:Translators of the Bible into English 3745:. New York: Oxford University Press. 3350:This verse is also used in the quasi- 3247: 3245: 3243: 3174: 2625:from the original on 11 December 2021 2155: 2075:"The Morning Star of the Reformation" 1576:v6 ("I am a worm and no man"), which 504:, which he retained until his death. 7: 6680:People from Richmondshire (district) 3828:Lahey, Stephen E. "John Wyclif." in 1562:The scriptures were literally true ( 377:Wycliffe was born in the village of 352:, and the legitimacy or role of the 3919:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3830:Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy 2169:Oxford – Images & Recollections 2122:Vaughan, Robert (26 October 1845). 2029:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1910:This Realm of England: 1399 to 1688 883:, which flows through Lutterworth. 559:According to Benedictine historian 27:English theologian (c. 1331 – 1384) 6665:Masters of Balliol College, Oxford 4556:Masters of Balliol College, Oxford 4475:Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards 3623:National Heritage List for England 3082:Wycliffe, John (26 October 1883). 3070:(online ed.), 16 October 2009 2324:Urquhart, Francis. "John Wyclif." 2094:Murray, Thomas (26 October 1829). 1147:John Wycliffe at work in his study 25: 3846:John Wyclif: The Path the Dissent 3653:Methodist Church of Great Britain 3379:"Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite" 2870:A History of the Christian Church 2689:. 18 January 2018. Archived from 2484:, the gist of which is quoted in 2339:Stone, Larry (11 December 2012). 1837:, in Ian Christopher Levy (ed.), 1689:Wycliffe College, Gloucestershire 837:The anti-Lollard statute of 1401 6630:Roman Catholic biblical scholars 6620:Alumni of Merton College, Oxford 4146: 4026: 3938: 3685:Civilizations Past & Present 3659:from the original on 29 May 2022 3360:Wycliffe, John (10 March 2023). 3318:Ghosh, Kantik (4 October 2001). 2840:, Oslo: Novus Forlag, p. 11 2647:London: Oxford UP, 1974. p. 437. 2619:"John Wycliffe – Michael Davies" 2000:Dictionary of National Biography 1975:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Jan Hus" 1841:, Leiden: Brill, 2006, pp. 1–61. 1739: 1725:In the centre of Lutterworth, a 1321:In some of his teachings, as in 1183:, and outside of it there is no 406:On the Cause of God against the 196: 4010:Works by or about John Wycliffe 3910:"Wyclif's Political Philosophy" 3879:Journal of the History of Ideas 3848:(Oxford University Press, 1966) 3177:, Ch. 7: "Wyclif's writings on 2856:, Oslo: Novus Forlag, p. 7 2056:Concordia Theological Quarterly 1941:Journal of the History of Ideas 1345:philosophers of the Middle Ages 1123:; the rendering of some of the 889:The Testimony of William Thorpe 857:Burning Wycliffe's bones, from 6645:Critics of the Catholic Church 6306:Separation of church and state 5975:Formal and material principles 5960:Separation of church and state 3970:New International Encyclopedia 3875:"John Wyclif on body and mind" 3649:My Wesleyan Methodists website 3435:The Catholic Historical Review 3284:. Brisbane School of Theology. 2413:Lahey, Stephen Edmund (2008). 2277:"John Wycliffe in Ludgershall" 2222:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 2216:Estep, William Roscoe (1986). 1619:(c. 1396) (or Remonstrances). 1335:can be detected. He said that 739:In the midst of this came the 712:, and strongly criticised the 521:' His Translation of the Bible 1: 6610:14th-century writers in Latin 5970:Hymnody of continental Europe 5121:Apostles in the New Testament 3651:. Methodist Heritage and the 2936:The English Historical Review 2550:. The Wycliffe Society. 1845. 2345:. Thomas Nelson. p. 83. 2265:– via Internet Archive. 1605:De XXXIII erroribus curitatum 1528:De Veritate Sacrae Scripturae 1281:Basic positions in philosophy 1169:invisible church of the elect 1028:On the Church and Her Members 982:De veritate sacrae scripturae 798:Portrait of John Wycliffe by 601:Wycliffe was summoned before 498:St Mary's Church, Lutterworth 361: 235: 79: 65: 6605:14th-century English writers 3734:UK public library membership 3489:10.1017/CBO9780511665820.013 3162:globalcommentary.utoronto.ca 3114:Scottish Journal of Theology 2633:– via www.youtube.com. 2190:"Archives & Manuscripts" 1860:Kelly, Henry Ansgar (2016), 1657:Writings of Hus and Wycliffe 1119:is attributed to his friend 494:Ludgershall, Buckinghamshire 332:, with some questioning the 6675:Clergy from Buckinghamshire 5418:Eastern Orthodox opposition 4025:(public domain audiobooks) 3019:Thomson, S. Hunter (1967). 3004:McCormack, Frances (2007). 2683:"John Wycliffe (1324–1384)" 2453:. Religious Tract Society. 2419:. Oxford University Press. 2219:Renaissance and Reformation 2096:"The Life of John Wycliffe" 1788:In Latin, Ioannes Wiclefus. 1707:on 31 December, and in the 1443:Attitude toward speculation 1378:Dominion (political theory) 1158:priesthood of all believers 904:John Wycliffe portrayed in 458:. In 1362 he was granted a 107:Lutterworth, Leicestershire 64:Portrait by Thomas Kirkby, 6731: 5435:Art patronage of Julius II 4034:Wycliffe Bible Translators 3538:English Theological Review 3475:Tatnall, Edith C. (1970). 3363:The last age of the church 3356:The Last Age of the Church 2868:Walker, Williston (1958). 2050:Dallmann, William (1907), 1631:A stained glass window in 1375: 1347:are concerned, he held to 1049: 925:The Last Age of the Church 910:Scriptor Majoris Britanniæ 688:De incarcerandis fedelibus 681:De incarcerandis fedelibus 433:The Last Age of the Church 29: 6615:14th-century philosophers 6527: 5938:Calvinist–Arminian debate 4940: 4562: 4506: 4323:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples 4144: 3676:General and cited sources 3406:10.1017/9781108761437.003 3094:– via Google Books. 2854:English Wyclif Tracts 4-6 2852:Lindberg, Conrad (2000), 2838:English Wyclif Tracts 1-3 2836:Lindberg, Conrad (1991), 2813:10.1163/15685349-12341391 2470:– via Google Books. 2436:– via Google Books. 2326:The Catholic Encyclopedia 2257:. London: T. Fisher Unwin 2239:– via Google Books. 2192:. Oxford: Balliol College 2145:– via Google Books. 2106:– via Google Books. 1894:Minnis, Alastair (2009). 1709:Anglican Church of Canada 1683:Wycliffe College, Toronto 1544:taken up by Martin Luther 1064:– a version now known as 1002:("On the Eucharist") 1379 387:North Riding of Yorkshire 185: 137: 57: 6427:Christian existentialism 4852:Alexander Dunlop Lindsay 4432:Savoyard–Waldensian wars 4313:Johann Ruchrat von Wesel 3794:accessed 13 October 2014 3328:10.1017/CBO9780511483288 3208:Rao, H. Krishna (1942). 2774:Marshall, Peter (2018). 2712:Herring, George (2006), 2522:www.oxfordhistory.org.uk 1878:Lollards and Their Books 1835:John Wyclif c. 1331–1384 1667:Wycliffe Global Alliance 1617:Thirty Seven Conclusions 1339:, Plato, Augustine, and 1014:- four books (c 1381-83) 741:Peasants' Revolt of 1381 686:Wycliffe then wrote his 646:, and the others to the 644:Archbishop of Canterbury 527:, published before 1923. 525:William Frederick Yeames 479:Archbishop of Canterbury 402:Archbishop of Canterbury 4934:History of Christianity 4842:James Strachan-Davidson 3985:Encyclopædia Britannica 3881:. 64#3 pp. 343–60. 3873:Michael, Emily (2003). 3741:Lahey, Stephen (2009). 3517:chaucer.fas.harvard.edu 3481:Councils and Assemblies 3068:Encyclopædia Britannica 2930:Matthew, F. D. (1895). 2895:The First English Bible 1814:Encyclopedia Britannica 1478:sacrament of confession 1472:John Wycliffe rejected 417:St Scholastica Day riot 6705:Translators to English 6495:Fourth Great Awakening 6382:Second Great Awakening 5621:Fall of Constantinople 5413:Development of primacy 4019:Works by John Wycliffe 3988:(11th ed.). 1911. 3927:BBC radio 4 discussion 3801:10.1093/ref:odnb/30122 3726:10.1093/ref:odnb/30122 3682:Edgar, Robert (2008). 3585:The Prayer Book online 3581:"57. The Calendar, ix" 3429:François, Wim (2018). 3025:Reformers in Profile: 2969:Clossey, Luke (2024). 1636: 1589: 1568: 1555: 1539: 1527: 1514: 1496: 1431:this were taken up by 1426: 1416: 1400: 1388: 1327: 1295: 1154:justification by faith 1148: 1020:On the Pastoral Office 988:On the Pastoral Office 978:("On the Church") 1379 942:("On Universals") 1368 913: 864: 860:Foxe's Book of Martyrs 839:De heretico comburendo 803: 638:sent five copies of a 528: 300: 295: 240:scholastic philosopher 234:, and other variants; 119:Merton College, Oxford 6685:Posthumous executions 6490:Reformed epistemology 6432:Third Great Awakening 6402:Seventh-day Adventist 6323:First Great Awakening 6196:Book of Common Prayer 5990:Protestant work ethic 5533:Independent Catholics 5484:Monastery dissolution 4000:Catholic Encyclopedia 3943:Texts on Wikisource: 3560:The Church of England 3447:10.1353/cat.2018.0001 3354:Middle English tract 2739:(59): 121–123. 1856. 2572:. Oxford: Clarendon. 2518:"21 St Giles, Oxford" 2383:Burns, J. H. (1988). 2167:Davison, Jon (1995). 2077:. CS Lewis institute. 1912:(3rd ed. 1976), p. 41 1908:Lacey Baldwin Smith, 1876:Hudson, Anne (1985). 1673:Wycliffe Hall, Oxford 1630: 1505: 1486: 1301:propositional realism 1202:Attack on monasticism 1146: 1102:Francis Aidan Gasquet 1050:Further information: 1046:Middle English Bibles 903: 856: 814:Wycliffe returned to 797: 561:Francis Aidan Gasquet 515: 32:John Wickliffe (ship) 6650:English evangelicals 6313:Edicts of toleration 6122:Three Forms of Unity 5887:Bohemian Reformation 5460:Catholic Reformation 5317:Roman state religion 5136:Council of Jerusalem 4582:Richard de Chickwell 4567:Walter de Fodringeye 4465:Jistebnice hymn book 4356:Bohemian Reformation 4298:Mikuláš of Pelhřimov 4103:Gottschalk of Orbais 3043:www.historytoday.com 2899:The Wycliffite Bible 2693:on 27 September 2020 1677:theological colleges 1609:Council of Constance 1596:Vernacular Scripture 1227:Objections to Friars 1121:Nicholas of Hereford 1006:Objections to Friars 996:("On Apostasy") 1379 869:Council of Constance 473:His performance led 334:veneration of saints 328:, and the notion of 256:University of Oxford 90:, Kingdom of England 6655:English Reformation 6640:Christian humanists 6485:Liberation theology 6392:Jehovah's Witnesses 6225:Radical Reformation 5953:Resistance theories 5840:Christian mysticism 5835:Early Scholasticism 5547:Ecclesial community 5445:Counter-Reformation 5310:Constantinian shift 4847:Arthur Lionel Smith 4577:Stephen de Cornubia 4420:Peace of Kutná Hora 4334:Girolamo Savonarola 4070:Proto-Protestantism 3956:The Book of Martyrs 3884:Robson, John Adam. 3836:G. W. H. Lampe, ed. 3803:; a short biography 2733:The Catholic Layman 2022:Conti, Alessandro. 1927:justus.anglican.org 1331:, the influence of 1237:Views on the papacy 958:De Statu Innocencie 952:De Mandatis Divinis 832:Holy Innocents' Day 778:, and preached the 720:Anti-Wycliffe synod 661:Back at Oxford the 456:The Queen's College 423:Career in education 318:theological virtues 307:English Reformation 262:translation of the 146:Medieval philosophy 88:Hipswell, Yorkshire 6635:Christian radicals 6559:Oriental Orthodoxy 6202:King James Version 6014:Ninety-five Theses 5810:Apostolic Brethren 5584:Church of the East 5579:Oriental Orthodoxy 5425:Crusading movement 4945:Early Christianity 4857:David Lindsay Keir 4687:Richard Barningham 4597:Nicholas de Luceby 4437:Piedmontese Easter 4214:Marsilius of Padua 3866:McFarlane, K. B. 3851:Levy, Ian C., ed. 3821:Lahey, Stephen E. 3766:Boreczky, Elemér. 3595:on 4 November 2013 3106:Deanesly, Margaret 2073:Calhoun, David B. 1962:Past & Present 1653:De potentate papae 1637: 1615:(c. 1396) and the 1613:Twelve Conclusions 1534:Wycliffe's dictum 1474:transubstantiation 1351:as opposed to the 1149: 914: 865: 804: 730:transubstantiation 716:who supported it. 710:transubstantiation 529: 398:Thomas Bradwardine 346:transubstantiation 156:Western philosophy 6715:Damnatio memoriae 6690:Proto-Protestants 6577: 6576: 6554:Eastern Orthodoxy 6422:Finnish Awakening 6377:Holiness movement 6318:Congregationalism 6277: 6276: 6137:Metrical psalters 5574:Eastern Orthodoxy 5518:Neo-Scholasticism 5225:Canon development 5126:Jewish Christians 4900: 4899: 4867:Sir Anthony Kenny 4727:Francis Babington 4652:Richard Stapilton 4587:Thomas de Waldeby 4522: 4521: 4470:Ecclesiae Regimen 4427:Mérindol massacre 4415:Compacts of Basel 4393: 4392: 4308:Johannes von Goch 4267: 4266: 4209:Matthias of Janov 4199:Milíč of Kroměříž 4189:Arnold of Brescia 4183:Henry of Lausanne 4142: 4141: 4113:Berengar of Tours 4098:Claudius of Turin 3773:Fountain, David. 3752:978-0-19-518331-3 3732:(Subscription or 3415:978-1-108-76143-7 3137:. 14 October 2016 2990:978-1-80511-001-9 2980:10.11647/OBP.0371 2621:. 12 April 2018. 2598:www.greatsite.com 2579:978-0-19-822762-5 2488:, lxiii. 206–207. 2482:Chronicon Angliae 2352:978-1-59555-433-8 1979:www.newadvent.org 1760:Ecclesiae Regimen 1705:Church of England 1417:De civili dominio 1401:De dominio Divino 1364:Cornelius Van Til 1357:William of Ockham 1256:Westminster Abbey 964:De Civili Dominio 946:De Dominio Divino 936:("On Logic") 1360 749:William Courtenay 736:and many others. 603:William Courtenay 583:Richard FitzRalph 579:De civili dominio 572:De civili dominio 277:. His theory of 254:professor at the 189: 188: 16:(Redirected from 6722: 6695:Proto-socialists 5996: 5383:Non-Chalcedonian 5364:Constantinople I 5156:General epistles 5151:Pauline epistles 5131:Paul the Apostle 5109:Great Commission 4927: 4920: 4913: 4904: 4862:Christopher Hill 4807:Theophilus Leigh 4572:Hugh de Warkenby 4549: 4542: 4535: 4526: 4405:Oldcastle Revolt 4349:Sects and groups 4276: 4223:Sects and groups 4160: 4150: 4122:Sects and groups 4081: 4063: 4056: 4049: 4040: 4030: 4029: 4014:Internet Archive 4004: 3989: 3974: 3942: 3923: 3914:Zalta, Edward N. 3908:Lahey, Stephen. 3897:(Vivarium, 2020) 3756: 3737: 3729: 3707: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3655:. 24 June 2018. 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3614:Historic England 3610: 3604: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3591:, archived from 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3544:: 738–749. 1911. 3535: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3315: 3300: 3299: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3277:Woods, William. 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3249: 3238: 3237: 3205: 3199: 3194:Wycliffe, John. 3192: 3186: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3156:Lahey, Stephen. 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3131: 3122: 3121: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3086:. Wyclif society 3079: 3073: 3071: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2982: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2908: 2902: 2891: 2882: 2881: 2865: 2859: 2857: 2849: 2843: 2841: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2725: 2719: 2717: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2662:www.bartleby.com 2654: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2571: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2542: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2500: 2489: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2410: 2399: 2398: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2336: 2330: 2321: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2250: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2213: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2186: 2180: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2119: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2091: 2080: 2078: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2019: 2004: 2003: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1971: 1965: 1964:(30, 1965) p. 24 1950: 1944: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1919: 1913: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1891: 1882: 1881: 1873: 1867: 1865: 1857: 1842: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1806: 1789: 1786: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1633:Wycliffe College 1578:Pseudo-Dionysius 1328:De annihilatione 1308:Platonic realism 1220:Opus evangelicum 1181:universal Church 1066:Wycliffe's Bible 1052:Wycliffe's Bible 1036:Of Pseudo-Friars 940:De Universalibus 828:Opus evangelicum 758:Earthquake Synod 703:De officio regis 695:De officio regis 648:Bishop of London 607:Bishop of London 542:Ten Commandments 519:The Poor Priests 468:Westbury-on-Trym 363: 237: 225: 224: 221: 220: 217: 214: 211: 208: 205: 202: 131:Wycliffe's Bible 127: 102: 99:31 December 1384 84: 81: 70: 67: 62: 43: 21: 6730: 6729: 6725: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6719: 6625:Anglican saints 6580: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6523: 6510:Christian right 6412:Oxford Movement 6387:Restorationists 6358: 6273: 6206: 6141: 6092:Presbyterianism 6063: 6043:Book of Concord 5994: 5918: 5916: 5908: 5675: 5565: 5558: 5394: 5293: 5285: 5244:Clement of Rome 5174: 5167: 5071: 5065: 4954: 4936: 4931: 4901: 4896: 4872:Baruch Blumberg 4832:Benjamin Jowett 4822:Richard Jenkyns 4772:George Bradshaw 4767:Thomas Laurence 4697:Richard Stubbys 4667:William Lambton 4657:William Brandon 4637:William Lambert 4612:Robert de Derby 4558: 4553: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4502: 4486: 4443: 4389: 4344: 4318:Wessel Gansfort 4263: 4218: 4151: 4138: 4117: 4072: 4067: 4027: 3992: 3977: 3962: 3907: 3904: 3891:Thakkar, Mark. 3806:Ghosh, Kantik. 3763: 3761:Further reading 3753: 3740: 3731: 3710: 3704: 3688:. Vol. 1: 3681: 3678: 3673: 3672: 3662: 3660: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3598: 3596: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3359: 3349: 3345: 3338: 3317: 3316: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3257:Learn Religions 3251: 3250: 3241: 3210:"John Wycliffe" 3207: 3206: 3202: 3193: 3189: 3183:Summa Theologie 3173: 3169: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3140: 3138: 3133: 3132: 3125: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3064:"John Wycliffe" 3062: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3037: 3036: 3032: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3003: 3002: 2998: 2991: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2901:(Leiden, 2016). 2893:See Mary Dove, 2892: 2885: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2729:"John Wycliffe" 2727: 2726: 2722: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2602: 2600: 2594:"John Wycliffe" 2592: 2591: 2587: 2580: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2544: 2543: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2502: 2501: 2492: 2479: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2412: 2411: 2402: 2395: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2353: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2322: 2313: 2303: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2270: 2260: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2244: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2215: 2214: 2205: 2195: 2193: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2166: 2162: 2154: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2121: 2120: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2093: 2092: 2083: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2034: 2032: 2021: 2020: 2007: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1983: 1981: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1951: 1947: 1938: 1934: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1907: 1903: 1893: 1892: 1885: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1859: 1858: 1845: 1832: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1770:William Tyndale 1745: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1727:Grade II-listed 1635:Chapel, Toronto 1625: 1598: 1519: 1511:— John Wycliffe 1501: 1493:— John Wycliffe 1476:along with the 1470: 1445: 1380: 1374: 1283: 1252:right of asylum 1239: 1204: 1173:Catholic Church 1141: 1054: 1048: 898: 792: 760:" was assured. 722: 698: 684: 663:Vice-Chancellor 652:King Edward III 636:Pope Gregory XI 634:On 22 May 1377 591: 575: 517:Wyclif Giving ' 510: 483:Canterbury Hall 444:Balliol College 425: 375: 370: 368:Life and career 248:Catholic priest 226:; also spelled 199: 195: 176: 125: 115:Alma mater 110: 104: 100: 91: 85: 82: 71: 68: 53: 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6728: 6726: 6718: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6582: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6528: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6507: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6475:Pentecostalism 6472: 6470:Jesus movement 6467: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6368: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6298: 6293: 6287: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6271: 6264: 6261:Martyrs Mirror 6257: 6252: 6247: 6245:Martyrs' Synod 6242: 6237: 6235:Swiss Brethren 6232: 6227: 6222: 6216: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6199: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6151: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6039: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6004: 6002: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5980:Law and Gospel 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5924: 5922: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5661:Ottoman Empire 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5570: 5568: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5404: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5390:Biblical canon 5387: 5386: 5385: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5301: 5299: 5291:Late antiquity 5287: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5278: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5239:Church Fathers 5232: 5227: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5179: 5177: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5164: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5081: 5075: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4962: 4960: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4941: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4922: 4915: 4907: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4762:John Parkhurst 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4722:William Wright 4719: 4714: 4712:William Wright 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4662:Robert Twaytes 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4632:Hamond Haskman 4629: 4627:Thomas Tyrwhit 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4607:Hugh Corbrygge 4604: 4602:John Poclynton 4599: 4594: 4592:Henry de Seton 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4554: 4552: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4508: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4455:Wycliffe Bible 4451: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4439: 4429: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4380: 4379: 4378: 4376:Czech Brethren 4373: 4368: 4363: 4352: 4350: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4342: 4340:Luke of Prague 4337: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4303:Petr Chelčický 4300: 4295: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4261: 4254: 4252:Friends of God 4249: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4226: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4179: 4176:Peter of Bruys 4172: 4166: 4164: 4157: 4153: 4152: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4087: 4085: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4058: 4051: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4016: 4007: 4006: 4005: 3990: 3980:Wycliffe, John 3975: 3960: 3936: 3924: 3903: 3902:External links 3900: 3899: 3898: 3889: 3882: 3871: 3864: 3849: 3844:Leff, Gordon. 3842: 3833: 3826: 3819: 3804: 3786: 3783:978-0907821021 3771: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3757: 3751: 3738: 3708: 3703:978-0205573752 3702: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3636: 3605: 3572: 3556:"The Calendar" 3547: 3522: 3504: 3497: 3467: 3421: 3414: 3388: 3369: 3343: 3336: 3301: 3287: 3269: 3239: 3220:(4): 372–379. 3200: 3187: 3167: 3148: 3123: 3097: 3074: 3055: 3030: 3011: 2996: 2989: 2961: 2922: 2903: 2883: 2860: 2844: 2828: 2807:(4): 357–383. 2791: 2784: 2765: 2720: 2704: 2674: 2649: 2636: 2610: 2585: 2578: 2553: 2534: 2509: 2490: 2473: 2459: 2439: 2426:978-0199720286 2425: 2400: 2394:978-1139055390 2393: 2375: 2358: 2351: 2331: 2311: 2285: 2268: 2242: 2229:978-0802800503 2228: 2203: 2181: 2160: 2148: 2135:978-0790561592 2134: 2109: 2081: 2065: 2042: 2005: 1991: 1966: 1945: 1943:(2003) p. 343. 1932: 1914: 1901: 1883: 1868: 1843: 1826: 1800: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1780: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1734: 1731: 1693: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1670: 1624: 1621: 1597: 1594: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1500: 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5397: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5292: 5288: 5282: 5281:Early African 5279: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5264:Justin Martyr 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5170: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5084:Life of Jesus 5082: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072:Apostolic Age 5068: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 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4617:John Wycliffe 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4561: 4557: 4550: 4545: 4543: 4538: 4536: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4460:Hussite Bible 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4329: 4328:Lorenzo Valla 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4259: 4258:Petrobrusians 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4204:John Wycliffe 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4178: 4177: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4064: 4059: 4057: 4052: 4050: 4045: 4044: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3861:90-04-15007-2 3858: 3854: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3816:0-521-80720-4 3813: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3798: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3573: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3500: 3498:9780521080385 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3471: 3468: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3389: 3384: 3380: 3373: 3370: 3365: 3364: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3339: 3337:9780521807203 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3280: 3273: 3270: 3258: 3254: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3196:On Universals 3191: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3171: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3152: 3149: 3136: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3085: 3078: 3075: 3069: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3021:"John Wyclif" 3015: 3012: 3007: 3000: 2997: 2992: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2965: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2942:(37): 91–99. 2941: 2937: 2933: 2926: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2913:Dublin Review 2907: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2861: 2855: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2832: 2829: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2795: 2792: 2787: 2785:9780300234589 2781: 2777: 2769: 2766: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2715: 2708: 2705: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2581: 2575: 2570: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2549: 2548: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2505: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2462: 2460:9780404162351 2456: 2452: 2451: 2443: 2440: 2428: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2390: 2386: 2379: 2376: 2371: 2370: 2362: 2359: 2354: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2278: 2272: 2269: 2256: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2231: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2149: 2137: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2097: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2076: 2069: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2052:"John Wiclif" 2046: 2043: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2024:"John Wyclif" 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1980: 1976: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1872: 1869: 1863: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1795: 1785: 1782: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1747:Saints portal 1737: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1701:commemoration 1698: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1634: 1629: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1462:scholasticism 1457: 1455: 1451: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1379: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1325: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1275:papal primacy 1272: 1268: 1267:G. V. Lechler 1264: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1159: 1156:alone or the 1155: 1145: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1125:New Testament 1122: 1118: 1117:Old Testament 1113: 1111: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1090:Old Testament 1087: 1086:New Testament 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1053: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1032:Of Confession 1029: 1025: 1021: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 980: 977: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 930: 926: 923: 922: 921: 919: 911: 907: 902: 895: 893: 891: 890: 884: 882: 878: 877:Pope Martin V 874: 870: 862: 861: 855: 851: 849: 844: 840: 835: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 812: 810: 801: 796: 789: 787: 785: 781: 777: 772: 768: 765: 761: 759: 754: 753:an earthquake 750: 746: 745:Simon Sudbury 742: 737: 735: 734:John of Gaunt 731: 726: 719: 717: 715: 711: 706: 704: 696: 693: 691: 689: 682: 679: 677: 675: 671: 666: 664: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 625: 623: 619: 616: 612: 611:John of Gaunt 608: 604: 599: 597: 596:John of Gaunt 588: 586: 584: 580: 573: 570: 568: 567:(1347-1349) 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 538: 534: 526: 522: 520: 514: 507: 505: 503: 499: 495: 490: 488: 487:Simon Langham 484: 480: 476: 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 422: 420: 418: 414: 410: 409: 404:and his book 403: 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 372: 367: 365: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 330:caesaropapism 327: 323: 319: 315: 310: 308: 304: 303: 299: 298: 293: 289: 288:scholasticism 284: 282: 281: 276: 275:Protestantism 271: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 233: 229: 223: 193: 192:John Wycliffe 184: 181: 178: 172: 169: 168:Scholasticism 166: 164: 160: 157: 154: 150: 147: 144: 140: 136: 132: 129: 123: 120: 117: 113: 108: 98: 94: 89: 78: 74: 61: 56: 52:John Wycliffe 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 6590:1320s births 6480:Charismatics 6463: 6442:Gospel music 6372:Camp meeting 6364:1789–present 6296:Missionaries 6266: 6259: 6250:Menno Simons 6194: 6190:Church music 6041: 6012: 5897:Conciliarism 5882:Papal Schism 5871: 5724:Scandinavian 5616:Great Schism 5594:Nestorianism 5566:Christianity 5498:priest holes 5379:Chalcedonian 5342:Christianity 5296:Great Church 5104:Resurrection 4837:Edward Caird 4827:Robert Scott 4817:John Parsons 4792:Roger Mander 4777:Henry Savage 4752:Edmund Lilly 4717:James Brooks 4707:George Coote 4682:William Bell 4642:Thomas Chace 4616: 4511: 4479: 4410:Hussite Wars 4382: 4332: 4290: 4272:1400–1500 AD 4256: 4244: 4203: 4181: 4174: 4156:1100–1400 AD 4134:Berengarians 4090: 3998: 3983: 3968: 3965:Wiclif, John 3955: 3930: 3917: 3892: 3885: 3878: 3867: 3852: 3845: 3838: 3829: 3822: 3807: 3789: 3774: 3767: 3742: 3715: 3712:Hudson, Anne 3689: 3684: 3661:. Retrieved 3648: 3639: 3627:. Retrieved 3621: 3608: 3597:, retrieved 3593:the original 3584: 3575: 3563:. Retrieved 3559: 3550: 3541: 3537: 3525: 3516: 3507: 3480: 3470: 3458:. Retrieved 3441:(1): 23–56. 3438: 3434: 3424: 3397: 3391: 3382: 3372: 3362: 3355: 3346: 3319: 3298:. July 1983. 3290: 3272: 3260:. Retrieved 3256: 3217: 3213: 3203: 3195: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3170: 3161: 3151: 3139:. Retrieved 3117: 3113: 3100: 3088:. Retrieved 3077: 3067: 3058: 3046:. Retrieved 3042: 3033: 3024: 3014: 3005: 2999: 2970: 2964: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2869: 2863: 2853: 2847: 2837: 2831: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2775: 2768: 2758:21 September 2756:. Retrieved 2736: 2732: 2723: 2713: 2707: 2695:. Retrieved 2691:the original 2687:WebTruth.org 2686: 2677: 2665:. Retrieved 2661: 2652: 2644: 2639: 2627:. Retrieved 2613: 2601:. Retrieved 2597: 2588: 2567: 2562:Hudson, Anne 2556: 2546: 2527:21 September 2525:. Retrieved 2521: 2512: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2464:. Retrieved 2449: 2442: 2430:. Retrieved 2415: 2384: 2378: 2368: 2361: 2341: 2334: 2325: 2302:. Retrieved 2297: 2288: 2271: 2259:. Retrieved 2233:. Retrieved 2218: 2194:. Retrieved 2184: 2177:1-86982499-7 2168: 2163: 2158:, p. 5. 2151: 2139:. Retrieved 2124: 2100:. Retrieved 2068: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2033:. Retrieved 2027: 1999: 1994: 1982:. Retrieved 1978: 1969: 1961: 1957: 1948: 1940: 1935: 1926: 1917: 1909: 1904: 1895: 1877: 1871: 1861: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1817:. Retrieved 1813: 1804: 1784: 1724: 1713: 1695:Wycliffe is 1694: 1661: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1638: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1583: 1563: 1561: 1550: 1548: 1533: 1522: 1520: 1506: 1502: 1487: 1471: 1458: 1446: 1421: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1395: 1394: 1383: 1381: 1370: 1361: 1355:advanced by 1322: 1320: 1305: 1300: 1290: 1284: 1260: 1244: 1240: 1226: 1225:In the 1380 1224: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1191: 1189: 1166: 1162: 1150: 1133: 1114: 1106: 1097: 1055: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1017: 1011: 1005: 999: 994:De apostasia 993: 987: 981: 975: 969: 963: 957: 951: 945: 939: 933: 928: 924: 915: 909: 887: 885: 866: 858: 836: 827: 823: 813: 805: 776:consecration 773: 769: 766: 762: 738: 727: 723: 707: 702: 699: 694: 687: 685: 680: 674:Joan of Kent 667: 660: 633: 626: 615:Earl Marshal 600: 592: 578: 576: 571: 558: 530: 516: 491: 472: 452:Lincolnshire 437: 432: 426: 405: 391: 376: 364:1369–1415). 311: 292:morning star 285: 278: 272: 266:Bible (into 231: 227: 191: 190: 133:(attributed) 126:Notable work 101:(1384-12-31) 48:The Reverend 40: 6595:1384 deaths 6569:Catholicism 6506:Protestants 6500:Evangelical 6175:39 Articles 6170:Elizabethan 6147:Anglicanism 6127:Westminster 6037:Melanchthon 6000:Lutheranism 5965:Nicodemites 5943:Arminianism 5914:Reformation 5855:Bonaventure 5830:Inquisition 5825:Waldensians 5775:Investiture 5753:Kievan Rus' 5709:Anglo-Saxon 5689:Pelagianism 5681:Middle Ages 5604:Iconodulism 5479:Thomas More 5400:Catholicism 5322:Monasticism 5305:Constantine 5230:Persecution 5188:Adoptionism 5173:Ante-Nicene 5116:Holy Spirit 5099:Crucifixion 5070:Origins and 4971:2nd and 3rd 4892:Helen Ghosh 4877:Colin Lucas 4802:Joseph Hunt 4782:Thomas Good 4747:Adam Squier 4677:Robert Abdy 4672:John Segden 4622:John Hugate 4246:Strigolniki 4235:Waldensians 4194:Peter Waldo 4077:400–1100 AD 3995:John Wyclif 3932:In Our Time 3823:John Wyclif 3743:John Wyclif 3599:26 November 2822:10023/20939 2697:13 November 2416:John Wyclif 2300:. July 1983 2128:. Society. 2098:. John Boyd 1755:John Bankin 1720:Wyclef Jean 1716:given names 1655:. 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