101:
Because the coefficients are derived from expected run value, we can use wOBA to estimate a few more things about a player's production and baseball as a whole. When using the formula (shown below), the numerator side on its own will give us an estimate of how many runs a player is worth to his team.
365:
98:. Events like home runs, walks, singles, etc. are given their own weight (or coefficient) within the linear formula. The weighting is based on the increase in expected runs for the event type as compared to an out. The coefficients change each season based upon how often each event occurs.
731:
31:, designed to measure a player's overall offensive contributions per plate appearance. It is formed from taking the observed run values of various offensive events, dividing by a player's plate appearances, and scaling the result to be on the same scale as
138:
519:
102:
Similarly, a team's wOBA is a good estimator of team runs scored, and deviations from predicted runs scored indicate a combination of situational hitting and base running.
1175:
1253:
360:{\displaystyle wOBA={\frac {(0.697*NIBB)+(0.727*HBP)+(0.855*{\mathit {1}}B)+(1.248*{\mathit {2}}B)+(1.575*{\mathit {3}}B)+(2.014*HR)}{AB+BB-IBB+SF+HBP}}}
1503:
726:{\displaystyle wOBA={\frac {(0.72*NIBB)+(0.75*HBP)+(0.90*{\mathit {1}}B)+(0.92*RBOE)+(1.24*{\mathit {2}}B)+(1.56*{\mathit {3}}B)+(1.95*HR)}{PA}}}
1151:
1508:
1664:
1498:
1246:
1225:
1619:
1446:
1436:
1719:
1649:
121:
Coefficients for each tracked outcome vary by year. A historical record of these coefficients can be found at FanGraphs.
1239:
1760:
1090:
1278:
1533:
1488:
1380:
1674:
1729:
1709:
1586:
1413:
1189:
68:
990:
972:
1734:
1370:
1330:
76:
64:
36:
1714:
1634:
1523:
1115:
1008:
87:
uses wOBA in numerous studies to test the validity of many aspects of baseball conventional wisdom.
1704:
1624:
1581:
1556:
1428:
1288:
1262:
110:
1548:
1538:
1473:
1283:
1270:
1169:
72:
32:
918:
1694:
1644:
1561:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1221:
1157:
1147:
788:
779:
761:
425:
414:
403:
28:
897:
39:, wOBA attempts to assign the proper value for each type of hitting event. It was created by
1629:
1571:
1345:
954:
817:
The following table serves as an aggregate summary of various wOBA scales available online.
806:
770:
90:
The benefit of wOBA compared to other offensive value statistics is that it values not just
75:
have studied wOBA and found it to perform comparably to or better than other similar tools (
1456:
1451:
1441:
1418:
1385:
1355:
1609:
1659:
1461:
1403:
1360:
1318:
1293:
1754:
1689:
1639:
1576:
1518:
1513:
1483:
1375:
1365:
1350:
1340:
743:
488:
474:
463:
378:
106:
1684:
1679:
1601:
1395:
1325:
752:
499:
392:
80:
56:
1032:
1699:
1591:
1408:
1335:
1739:
1654:
1528:
1466:
1061:
1161:
1614:
1493:
1478:
1213:
130:
60:
40:
1141:
936:
1669:
1313:
797:
436:
20:
1190:"The Beginner's Guide To Deriving wOBA | FanGraphs Sabermetrics Library"
1231:
1566:
452:
63:
began listing the current and historical wOBA for all players in
991:"The great run estimator shootout (part 2) - The Hardball Times"
973:"The great run estimator shootout (part 1) - The Hardball Times"
1235:
680:
655:
603:
272:
247:
222:
67:. It forms the basis of the offensive component of their
1009:"What is a Weighted On-base Average (wOBA)? | Glossary"
27:(or weighted on-base average) is a statistic, based on
522:
141:
1600:
1547:
1427:
1394:
1269:
1143:
The book : playing the percentages in baseball
725:
359:
919:"Linear Weights - FanGraphs Sabermetrics Library"
898:"The Language Of Fangraphs | FanGraphs Baseball"
133:, the formula for wOBA in the 2023 season was:
83:, etc.) used in sabermetrics to estimate runs.
1247:
1218:The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball
1146:. Lichtman, Mitchel G., Dolphin, Andrew E. .
45:The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball
8:
1091:"Saber 101: Weighted On-Base Average (wOBA)"
1254:
1240:
1232:
1174:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1220:. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2007.
679:
678:
654:
653:
602:
601:
538:
521:
271:
270:
246:
245:
221:
220:
157:
140:
1216:, Mitchel Lichtman, and Andrew Dolphin.
819:
1033:"wOBA | FanGraphs Sabermetrics Library"
889:
1167:
1116:"A Sweet Spot by Any Other Definition"
955:"The Joy of wOBA - FanGraphs Baseball"
1084:
1082:
7:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1665:Jaffe Wins Above Replacement Score
1114:Clemens, Ben (February 25, 2020).
117:Historical versions of the formula
14:
937:"wOBA - Weighted On Base Average"
813:Ranges for elite, very good, etc.
105:Balls hit hard (i.e. with a high
1620:Batting average on balls in play
1140:Tango, Tom M. (28 April 2014).
709:
694:
688:
669:
663:
644:
638:
617:
611:
592:
586:
568:
562:
541:
511:The formula below appeared in
301:
286:
280:
261:
255:
236:
230:
211:
205:
187:
181:
160:
1:
1720:Value over replacement player
1650:Fielding independent pitching
94:the runner reached base but
71:(WAR) metric. Sites such as
1089:Rogers, Mike (2010-01-19).
1777:
35:. Unlike statistics like
1725:Weighted on-base average
1534:Strikeout-to-walk ratio
1381:Walk-to-strikeout ratio
1730:Wins Above Replacement
1710:Out of zone plays made
1587:Defensive indifference
1414:Stolen base percentage
727:
361:
69:wins above replacement
43:and his coauthors for
1735:Win probability added
1371:On-base plus slugging
1013:Major League Baseball
941:www.insidethebook.com
728:
362:
113:produce higher wOBA.
65:Major League Baseball
1715:Ultimate zone rating
1635:Defensive Runs Saved
520:
139:
1625:Batting park factor
1557:Fielding percentage
1289:Slugging percentage
1263:Baseball statistics
961:. 25 November 2008.
822:
1761:Batting statistics
1675:Power–speed number
1447:Pitchers of record
1284:On-base percentage
820:
769:= Reached base on
742:= Non-intentional
723:
357:
73:The Hardball Times
33:on-base percentage
16:Baseball statistic
1748:
1747:
1695:Secondary average
1645:Extrapolated Runs
1153:978-1-4942-6017-0
1037:www.fangraphs.com
995:www.fangraphs.com
977:www.fangraphs.com
959:www.fangraphs.com
923:www.fangraphs.com
900:. 11 January 2010
881:
880:
721:
355:
1768:
1582:Fielder's choice
1346:Game-winning RBI
1256:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1165:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1058:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1005:
999:
998:
987:
981:
980:
969:
963:
962:
951:
945:
944:
933:
927:
926:
915:
909:
908:
906:
905:
894:
823:
807:Plate appearance
732:
730:
729:
724:
722:
720:
712:
684:
683:
659:
658:
607:
606:
539:
507:Original formula
366:
364:
363:
358:
356:
354:
304:
276:
275:
251:
250:
226:
225:
158:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1596:
1543:
1442:Innings pitched
1437:Win–loss record
1423:
1419:Caught stealing
1390:
1386:Walk percentage
1279:Batting average
1265:
1260:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1195:
1193:
1192:. 11 April 2016
1188:
1187:
1183:
1166:
1154:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1002:
989:
988:
984:
979:. 9 April 2009.
971:
970:
966:
953:
952:
948:
935:
934:
930:
917:
916:
912:
903:
901:
896:
895:
891:
886:
877:.290 and below
837:.400 and Above
826:Classification
815:
713:
540:
518:
517:
509:
489:Sacrifice flies
380:Non-intentional
305:
159:
137:
136:
127:
119:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1660:Isolated Power
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1361:Sacrifice bunt
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1319:Extra-base hit
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1181:
1152:
1132:
1106:
1095:Bless You Boys
1078:
1048:
1024:
1000:
982:
964:
946:
928:
910:
888:
887:
885:
882:
879:
878:
875:
871:
870:
867:
863:
862:
859:
855:
854:
851:
847:
846:
843:
839:
838:
835:
831:
830:
827:
814:
811:
810:
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
744:bases on balls
719:
716:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
682:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
657:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
605:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
508:
505:
504:
503:
492:
481:
478:bases on balls
467:
464:Bases on balls
456:
441:
440:
429:
418:
407:
396:
385:
382:bases on balls
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
274:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
249:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
224:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
126:
123:
118:
115:
52:
49:
29:linear weights
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1773:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:Runs produced
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Exit velocity
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:Catcher's ERA
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:Adjusted ERA+
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:Total chances
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Complete game
1517:
1515:
1514:Quality start
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:Times on base
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Sacrifice fly
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1227:
1226:1-59797-129-4
1223:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1133:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1001:
996:
992:
986:
983:
978:
974:
968:
965:
960:
956:
950:
947:
942:
938:
932:
929:
924:
920:
914:
911:
899:
893:
890:
883:
876:
873:
872:
869:.291 to .320
868:
865:
864:
860:
857:
856:
853:.321 to .370
852:
849:
848:
845:.371 to .399
844:
841:
840:
836:
833:
832:
828:
825:
824:
818:
812:
808:
804:
801:
799:
795:
792:
790:
786:
783:
781:
777:
774:
772:
768:
765:
763:
759:
756:
754:
750:
747:
745:
741:
738:
737:
736:
733:
717:
714:
706:
703:
700:
697:
691:
685:
675:
672:
666:
660:
650:
647:
641:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
614:
608:
598:
595:
589:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
565:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
515:
514:
506:
502:
501:
496:
493:
491:
490:
485:
482:
480:
479:
477:
471:
468:
466:
465:
460:
457:
455:
454:
449:
446:
445:
444:
439:
438:
433:
430:
428:
427:
422:
419:
417:
416:
411:
408:
406:
405:
400:
397:
395:
394:
389:
386:
384:
383:
381:
375:
372:
371:
370:
367:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
298:
295:
292:
289:
283:
277:
267:
264:
258:
252:
242:
239:
233:
227:
217:
214:
208:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
184:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
134:
132:
124:
122:
116:
114:
112:
108:
107:exit velocity
103:
99:
97:
93:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
50:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1724:
1685:Runs created
1680:Range factor
1602:Sabermetrics
1489:Perfect game
1396:Base running
1326:Hits per run
1217:
1194:. Retrieved
1184:
1142:
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1119:
1109:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:
1069:. Retrieved
1065:
1040:. Retrieved
1036:
1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
949:
940:
931:
922:
913:
902:. Retrieved
892:
816:
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
757:
753:Hit by pitch
748:
739:
734:
516:
512:
510:
500:Hit by pitch
498:
494:
487:
483:
475:
473:
469:
462:
458:
451:
447:
442:
435:
431:
424:
420:
413:
409:
402:
398:
393:Hit by pitch
391:
387:
379:
377:
373:
368:
135:
128:
120:
104:
100:
95:
91:
89:
84:
57:sabermetrics
54:
44:
24:
18:
1700:Speed Score
1592:Passed ball
1409:Stolen base
1336:Total bases
1071:November 9,
821:wOBA Scale
476:Intentional
1740:Win Shares
1655:Game score
1529:Wild pitch
1331:Grand slam
1208:References
1196:2018-12-07
1100:2018-12-07
1042:2018-11-09
1018:2018-11-09
904:2018-12-07
842:Very Good
111:sweet spot
1615:Base runs
1494:No-hitter
1479:Strikeout
1214:Tom Tango
1170:cite book
1162:919473395
1125:March 14,
1120:FanGraphs
1066:FanGraphs
884:Citations
874:Very Bad
701:∗
676:∗
651:∗
624:∗
599:∗
575:∗
548:∗
513:The Book.
322:−
293:∗
268:∗
243:∗
218:∗
194:∗
167:∗
131:Fangraphs
109:) in the
61:FanGraphs
55:In 2008,
41:Tom Tango
1755:Category
1670:Pop time
1549:Fielding
1429:Pitching
1314:Home run
858:Average
798:Home run
437:Home run
85:The Book
59:website
21:baseball
1524:Shutout
1271:Batting
1062:"Guts!"
735:where:
369:where:
92:whether
1567:Putout
1562:Assist
1539:Maddux
1467:Earned
1309:Triple
1304:Double
1299:Single
1224:
1160:
1150:
834:Elite
829:Range
789:Triple
780:Double
762:Single
453:At bat
443:—————
426:Triple
415:Double
404:Single
1572:Error
861:.320
850:Good
771:error
290:2.014
265:1.575
240:1.248
215:0.855
191:0.727
164:0.697
51:Usage
1705:NERD
1504:BB/9
1499:WHIP
1484:Walk
1457:Hold
1452:Save
1356:Bunt
1351:Walk
1222:ISBN
1176:link
1158:OCLC
1148:ISBN
1127:2024
1073:2018
866:Bad
767:RBOE
740:NIBB
698:1.95
673:1.56
648:1.24
621:0.92
596:0.90
572:0.75
545:0.72
374:NIBB
129:Per
125:2023
25:wOBA
1509:K/9
1474:ERA
1462:Run
1404:Run
1341:RBI
1294:Hit
749:HBP
495:HBP
470:IBB
388:HBP
96:how
77:OPS
37:OPS
19:In
1757::
1172:}}
1168:{{
1156:.
1118:.
1093:.
1081:^
1064:.
1051:^
1035:.
1011:.
993:.
975:.
957:.
939:.
921:.
805:=
803:PA
796:=
794:HR
787:=
785:3B
778:=
776:2B
760:=
758:1B
751:=
497:=
486:=
484:SF
472:=
461:=
459:BB
450:=
448:AB
434:=
432:HR
423:=
421:3B
412:=
410:2B
401:=
399:1B
390:=
376:=
81:RC
79:,
47:.
23:,
1255:e
1248:t
1241:v
1228:.
1199:.
1178:)
1164:.
1129:.
1103:.
1075:.
1045:.
1021:.
997:.
943:.
925:.
907:.
718:A
715:P
710:)
707:R
704:H
695:(
692:+
689:)
686:B
681:3
670:(
667:+
664:)
661:B
656:2
645:(
642:+
639:)
636:E
633:O
630:B
627:R
618:(
615:+
612:)
609:B
604:1
593:(
590:+
587:)
584:P
581:B
578:H
569:(
566:+
563:)
560:B
557:B
554:I
551:N
542:(
536:=
533:A
530:B
527:O
524:w
352:P
349:B
346:H
343:+
340:F
337:S
334:+
331:B
328:B
325:I
319:B
316:B
313:+
310:B
307:A
302:)
299:R
296:H
287:(
284:+
281:)
278:B
273:3
262:(
259:+
256:)
253:B
248:2
237:(
234:+
231:)
228:B
223:1
212:(
209:+
206:)
203:P
200:B
197:H
188:(
185:+
182:)
179:B
176:B
173:I
170:N
161:(
155:=
152:A
149:B
146:O
143:w
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.