1711:
1124:
499:
40:
1002:, the pilgrims are given the title Jila, which means 'saintly people'. The Jila are qualified to perform rituals and sermons in their clans and villages and they serve as a connection between the Abbaa Muudaa and the people. The Abbaa Muuda was usually located on the Ethiopia highlands of the middle south. Before the 1900s, the Abba Muudaa's were located at Mormor in Bali, Wallaga, Wallal, Harro Walabu, Ballo Baruk, and Debanu. Today, the Qaalluu institution still exists in selected parts of the region, including the Guji and Borana areas.
486:
633:
1111:
gave human beings their minds with their capabilities to distinguish right from wrong, give them 'ayyana' that guide them, and help them to communicate with God. For
Waaqeffata, it is not mandatory to have written book at hand to follow in their religion. Waaqeffata believe in God by admiring the
1054:
ceremony that is celebrated twice a year, in the spring (Irreecha Birraa) and the autumn (Irreecha
Arfaasaa). This is the ceremony where the Oromo give thanks to Waaqa and admire and appreciate his creations and their interconnectedness. The Irrecha Birraa, also known as Irrecha Melka, is held by
926:
have a moral and social responsibility to uphold the highest standards of ethics and practice it. The
Qaalluu institution is expected to remain politically neutral and serve as a place of fair deliberation. Similarly, the priests are obliged to condemn tyranny and support the democratic
1112:
creatures that exist in the order given to them by God. For example, the sun rises at morning and then sets in the evening, a cow gives birth to a calf, and as soon as delivered, the calf knows to breastfeed without reading any book. These are cyclical orders given by God to them.
846:
which in turn is stronger than the
Ayyanaa of an individual. It is very common for people to paint their skin with the local african bush species "aaasqaama". The followers will charr this bush and cover their skin with the charred paint, to devote themselves to Iinqqaama
1026:
is another creation of Waaqa and is the mother of the ocean. Marram was believed to help barren women conceive a child and help pregnant women give birth without complications. The
Qaalluu pray for Maaram
911:. A myriad of factors including seniority, acceptance in the community, moral qualification, social status and other leadership qualities are taken into consideration when a Qaalluu/Qaalliti is chosen.
601:
actively practice this religion. Some put the number around 300,000, depending on how many subsets of the religion one includes. This number is still up for debate by many
African religious scholars.
1906:
748:. He is also just and loving. This supreme being is addressed through a variety of names in the different regions and many believe that the term Waaqa means 'the God with many names'. The
530:
889:(high priest) originated. While some believe they fell from the sky and others claim they were found with the first black cow, there is no consensus on their divine origin. The
1514:
1515:"Reviving Aspects of Ateetee: An Arsi Oromo Women's Musical Ritual to Empower Women to Protect Their Human Rights and Participate in Society's Social and Religious Life"
1968:
470:
1628:
859:
is an important institution in the Oromo religious and social system. It serves to protect the Oromo culture and tradition. Qaalluu is from the
Oromiffa word
453:
39:
1538:
523:
2113:
762:'(Waaqa). The term is believed to indicate that Waaqa is the origin of everything, is mysterious and they are the one that can not be interfered with.
1685:
1292:
Indigenous and modern environmental ethics : a study of the indigenous Oromo environmental ethic and modern issues of environment and development
1953:
1658:
1219:
Bartels, Lambert. 1983. Oromo
Religion Myths and Rites of the Western Oromo of Ethiopia: An Attempt to Understand. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.
1645:
Aguilar M. 2005. “The “God of the Oromo”: A Religious
Paradigm in the Work of Lambert Bartels,” Journal of Oromo Studies. Vol. 12, Nos. 1&2.
2323:
516:
489:
23:
2103:
1186:
790:. They possess men and women and thus speak with the people. Different regions of Oromo hold varying beliefs and understandings of what the
1716:
503:
251:
1332:"Religious Beliefs among the Oromo: Waaqeffannaa, Christianity and Islam in the Context of Ethnic Identity, Citizenship and Integration"
1129:
2247:
2192:
1572:
1299:
1710:
1604:
1123:
498:
1470:
Kassam, Aneesa (October 1999). "Ritual and classification: a study of the Booran Oromo terminal sacred grade rites of passage".
1235:"Qaallu Institution: A theme in the ancient rock-paintings of Hararqee—implications for social semiosis and history of Ethiopia"
2328:
1739:
2203:
2308:
1983:
1876:
1824:
1678:
31:
2318:
1749:
2313:
2284:
2266:
1632:
967:
from all over the region travel long distances on pilgrimage to see Abbaa Muudaa. This travel entails honoring the
448:
218:
1445:
1294:. Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. Washington, D.C.: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy.
2023:
1734:
74:
597:(the one God). It is estimated that about 3% of the Oromo population, which is 1,095,000 Oromos, in present-day
2253:
2138:
2128:
1933:
1671:
246:
2143:
2028:
1963:
1391:
1258:
299:
2260:
2240:
2234:
2123:
2083:
2068:
2053:
2008:
1948:
1769:
1176:
2227:
2215:
2303:
2073:
463:
458:
269:
2271:
2178:
2153:
1998:
1993:
1973:
1943:
1928:
1804:
392:
2221:
2187:
2163:
2133:
2118:
2098:
2088:
2078:
2043:
2038:
1988:
1938:
1913:
1869:
1370:
Knowledge, Identity and the conniving structure: the case of the Oromo in East and
Northeast Africa
1257:
CSA, (2007) “Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census”, Available
1165:
Translation from the 1901 original French edition by Ayalew Kanno. Paris, the French Academy, 2005
2173:
2168:
2108:
2058:
2018:
1918:
1854:
1829:
1794:
1764:
1759:
1694:
1622:
1495:
569:
223:
201:
167:
81:
2209:
2148:
2093:
2048:
2033:
2013:
2003:
1978:
1923:
1881:
1844:
1819:
1774:
1610:
1600:
1578:
1568:
1487:
1343:
1305:
1295:
1182:
865:, which translates as 'pure, holy, sacred, blameless, black'. In the Qaalluu institution, the
329:
162:
126:
101:
1331:
881:
The Qaalluu/Qaallitti serve as high ranked priests and ritual leaders that can officiate for
2158:
2063:
1958:
1849:
1834:
1724:
1479:
1137:
703:
339:
136:
116:
111:
59:
1891:
1859:
1814:
1809:
1744:
984:
741:
547:
344:
178:
141:
131:
1864:
1839:
1789:
1784:
1779:
819:
555:
157:
121:
96:
91:
86:
69:
64:
935:
have the power to give or withhold blessings to the Gadaa leadership as they see fit.
2297:
1729:
1499:
1234:
787:
733:
589:
577:
425:
374:
304:
106:
54:
1051:
991:. They must be married and also circumcised after forty years in the Gadaa system.
749:
573:
551:
334:
152:
666:(spirits) are known to possess chosen men and women, who are then given the title
608:
being sick; the plant flourishes without nourishment; the water runs without being
1075:
believe that when a person dies, they will be reunited with former loved ones in
1896:
1425:
THE OROMO OF ETHIOPIA, 1500-1850 : WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE GIBE REGION
1056:
745:
737:
614:
things fill me with wonder. Let us all pray to God! O God, who hast caused me to
1706:
1483:
1119:
983:
upon return to their homes. People who make the journey must pass the highest
976:
610:
urged; the earth is fixed without pegs; the heavens hold themselves up without
359:
349:
274:
196:
1614:
1582:
1491:
1347:
1309:
1063:. Millions of people travel every year to the lake to celebrate the Holiday.
606:
O wonder! O wonder! . . . The wonders are six: The hornbill complains without
1087:(the spirit of deceased person). Every year in December, they celebrate the
999:
948:
827:
651:
632:
612:
supports; in the firmament He (God) has sown the chick-peas of heaven. These
294:
843:
1754:
1060:
1045:
1028:
1019:
775:
598:
430:
369:
324:
309:
1597:
African philosophy in Ethiopia : Ethiopian philosophical studies II
1259:
http://www.ethiopia.gov.et/English/Information/Pages/RegionalStates.aspx
289:
1799:
1539:"Irreecha: From Thanksgiving Ritual to Strong Symbol of Oromo Identity"
995:
988:
420:
279:
146:
1663:
1599:. Bekele Gutema., Verharen, Charles C., 1941-. Washington, DC. 2013.
980:
319:
314:
284:
228:
208:
662:
serve as intermediary spirits between Waaqa and his creations. The
928:
727:
699:
631:
415:
397:
364:
213:
622:
The Waaqeffannaa song, in "The Folk-Literature of the Oromo."
646:
564:
354:
1667:
1427:. University of London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
1103:
religion has no scriptures or holy books that exist today. The
885:
among the Oromo. There are a variety of myths on how the first
759:
1083:
honor the spirits of those who have died and they observe
758:
to address the creator, which translates as “Black(Gurracha)
650:(the creator) is the creator of the universe and has many
1178:
African Religions: Beliefs and Practices through History
998:
bring a bull and sheep as a gift to Abbaa Muudaa. After
907:) in the traditional Oromo ritual hall that is known as
1446:"Chapter 3: Oromo World View, Philosophy, and Religion"
1336:
Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities
1565:
Documentation of 'irreecha' ceremony among showa oromo
1472:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1392:"Traditional Oromo Attitudes towards the Environment"
979:
are chosen by their clans and are allowed to perform
2186:
1905:
1701:
1163:
An Ancient People: Great African Nation: the Oromo.
971:but also receiving a blessing and anointment. The
219:Index of African mythology and creation narratives
1175:Thomas, Douglas; Alanamu, Temilola (2018-12-31).
806:are able to directly affect all aspects of life.
568:which is the ancient name for Creator in various
1091:with bread, cheese with butter, beer and honey.
897:are believed to be the guardians of the laws of
471:Traditional African religion and other religions
603:
1055:Lake Arsedi. Lake Harsedi (Hora Harsedi) is a
616:pass the day cause me to pass the night well!
1679:
794:(sprit)are capable of. While some argue that
524:
8:
842:of a clan is stronger than the Ayyaana of a
252:List of African deities and mythical figures
1205:, (Greenwood Publishing Group: 2001), p.65.
902:
860:
753:
706:that guide the interactions of humans with
680:(creatures) are believed to be assigned an
675:
592:
1686:
1672:
1664:
1627:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
531:
517:
18:
901:They live and perform ritual activities (
873:(women) are believed to be messengers of
16:Ethnic religion practiced by Oromo people
1372:. University of London. pp. 90–110.
1079:, which translates as 'place of truth'.
786:are not capable of creation but provide
1149:
30:
1620:
798:can't act alone without an order from
714:is regarded a sin and is condemned by
636:Irreechaa celebration at Lake Harsadii
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1399:Social Science Research Report Series
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
826:by lineage and clan. There are power
7:
1717:Traditional African religions portal
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1272:"The Folk-Literature of the Galla."
1130:Traditional African religion portal
14:
877:because they are attached to the
778:that serve as messengers between
229:Serer astronomy (the star Sirius)
209:Dogon astronomy (the star Sirius)
2248:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1969:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1709:
1122:
497:
485:
484:
38:
1567:. : Lap Lambert Academic Publ.
1203:Culture and Customs of Somalia
822:Oromo have identified several
810:believe that all creations of
1:
2324:Traditional African religions
1877:Traditional African religions
947:translates as 'the father of
688:for guidance and protection.
640:The main religious belief of
443:Relation with other religions
32:Traditional African religions
1519:digitalcommons.georgefox.edu
1290:Kelbessa., Workineh (2011).
1031:for fertility and children.
2029:Ivory Coast (CĂ´te d'Ivoire)
1750:Traditional Berber religion
1513:Fiqruu, Talilee B. (2018).
1368:Magarrssa, Gemechu (1993).
1161:De Salviac, Martial.
959:is regarded as the highest
2345:
2285:African diaspora religions
1201:Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi,
1043:
725:
449:African diaspora religions
2281:
1735:Ancient Egyptian religion
1484:10.1017/s0041977x00018541
1423:Hassen, Mohammed (1983).
931:system of the Oromo. The
782:and their creations. The
1954:Central African Republic
1563:Samuel., Leykun (2012).
814:have their own assigned
802:, others claim that the
588:and they believe in the
572:languages including the
247:Index of African deities
1330:Ta’a, T. (2012-01-01).
939:Abbaa Muudaa pilgrimage
851:The Qaalluu institution
580:. The followers of the
214:Dogon astronomy (Nommo)
2329:Monotheistic religions
903:
861:
754:
676:
637:
625:
593:
2114:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2104:Republic of the Congo
1631:) CS1 maint: others (
1390:Kelbessa., Workineh.
914:As the messengers of
635:
464:Persecution of Serers
459:Persecution of Dogons
270:Bandiagara Escarpment
2309:Religion in Ethiopia
1035:Religious ceremonies
584:religion are called
2319:Religion in Somalia
1870:Serer creation myth
1543:Advocacy for Oromia
774:are believed to be
1855:Malagasy mythology
1765:Bushongo mythology
1695:Religion in Africa
871:Qaallitti/Ayyaantu
752:also use the term
694:live according to
674:respectively. All
638:
550:indigenous to the
202:African divination
2314:Religion in Kenya
2291:
2290:
2197:other territories
1984:Equatorial Guinea
1882:Tumbuka mythology
1845:Lugbara mythology
1830:Khoe/San religion
1775:Dahomean religion
1342:(1): 87–111–111.
1188:978-1-61069-752-1
981:religious rituals
975:that take on the
830:within different
541:
540:
330:Point of Sangomar
2336:
1907:Sovereign states
1850:Maasai mythology
1835:Lotuko mythology
1725:Akamba mythology
1719:
1714:
1713:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1618:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1387:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1352:
1351:
1327:
1314:
1313:
1287:
1276:
1275:
1270:Enrico Cerulli.
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1231:
1220:
1217:
1206:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1172:
1166:
1159:
1138:Somali mythology
1132:
1127:
1126:
933:Qaalluu/Qaalliti
906:
864:
757:
710:. The breach of
704:legal principles
679:
623:
596:
562:is derived from
533:
526:
519:
502:
501:
488:
487:
340:Sangha Ogol Leye
42:
19:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2277:
2196:
2191:
2182:
1901:
1892:Yoruba religion
1860:Mbuti mythology
1815:Isoko mythology
1745:Bantu mythology
1715:
1708:
1697:
1692:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1619:
1607:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1575:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1432:
1422:
1421:
1410:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1377:
1367:
1366:
1355:
1329:
1328:
1317:
1302:
1289:
1288:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1223:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1146:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1097:
1069:
1050:Irreechaa is a
1048:
1042:
1037:
1008:
985:moral standards
963:and a prophet.
941:
853:
768:
755:Waaqa Gurr'acha
742:omni-benevolent
730:
724:
630:
624:
621:
618:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
548:ethnic religion
537:
508:
496:
476:
475:
444:
436:
435:
411:
403:
402:
388:
380:
379:
265:
257:
256:
242:
234:
233:
192:
184:
183:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2342:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2269:
2267:Western Sahara
2264:
2257:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2204:Canary Islands
2200:
2198:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1865:Serer religion
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:Lozi mythology
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1790:Efik mythology
1787:
1785:Dogon religion
1782:
1780:Dinka religion
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1755:Bono mythology
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1653:External links
1651:
1648:
1647:
1638:
1605:
1588:
1574:978-3848414666
1573:
1555:
1530:
1505:
1478:(3): 484–503.
1462:
1430:
1408:
1375:
1353:
1315:
1301:978-1565182530
1300:
1277:
1274:. p. 137.
1262:
1250:
1221:
1207:
1194:
1187:
1167:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1117:
1114:
1096:
1093:
1068:
1065:
1044:Main article:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1018:refers to the
1007:
1004:
940:
937:
852:
849:
767:
764:
726:Main article:
723:
720:
652:manifestations
629:
626:
619:
604:
594:Waaqa Tokkicha
556:Horn of Africa
539:
538:
536:
535:
528:
521:
513:
510:
509:
507:
506:
494:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
468:
467:
466:
461:
451:
445:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
412:
409:
408:
405:
404:
401:
400:
395:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
249:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
205:
204:
193:
190:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
176:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
78:
77:
72:
62:
57:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2341:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2286:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Guinea-Bissau
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1897:Zulu religion
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Igbo religion
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1730:Akan religion
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1606:9781565182790
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1107:believe that
1106:
1102:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
938:
936:
934:
930:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
858:
850:
848:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:communication
785:
781:
777:
773:
765:
763:
761:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:supreme being
732:Waaqa is the
729:
721:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
687:
683:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:
643:
634:
627:
617:
602:
600:
595:
591:
590:supreme being
587:
583:
579:
578:Somali people
575:
571:
567:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
534:
529:
527:
522:
520:
515:
514:
512:
511:
505:
500:
495:
493:
492:
483:
482:
480:
479:
472:
469:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
440:
439:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
407:
406:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
384:
383:
376:
375:Youga Dogorou
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
305:Mount Hombori
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
264:Sacred places
261:
260:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
238:
237:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
194:
188:
187:
180:
177:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
52:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2304:Oromo people
2259:
2246:
2233:
2188:Dependencies
2139:South Africa
2129:Sierra Leone
1934:Burkina Faso
1886:
1770:Christianity
1740:Baháʼà Faith
1659:Oromo People
1641:
1596:
1591:
1564:
1558:
1547:. Retrieved
1545:. 2015-09-17
1542:
1533:
1522:. Retrieved
1518:
1508:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1454:. Retrieved
1452:. 2018-12-13
1450:Addis Herald
1449:
1424:
1402:
1398:
1369:
1339:
1335:
1291:
1271:
1265:
1253:
1242:. Retrieved
1239:ResearchGate
1238:
1202:
1197:
1181:. ABC-CLIO.
1177:
1170:
1162:
1108:
1105:Waaqeffataas
1104:
1100:
1098:
1088:
1084:
1081:Waaqeffataas
1080:
1077:Iddoo Dhugaa
1076:
1073:Waaqeffataas
1072:
1070:
1052:thanksgiving
1049:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1009:
993:
973:Waaqeffataas
972:
968:
965:Waaqeffataas
964:
960:
957:Abbaa Muudaa
956:
952:
945:Abbaa Muudaa
944:
942:
932:
923:
919:
915:
913:
908:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
856:
854:
839:
835:
831:
823:
815:
811:
808:Waaqeffataas
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
783:
779:
771:
769:
750:Oromo people
731:
715:
711:
707:
695:
692:Waaqeffataas
691:
690:
685:
681:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
645:
641:
639:
605:
585:
581:
574:Oromo people
563:
559:
552:Oromo people
543:
542:
490:
172:
2144:South Sudan
1887:Waaqeffanna
1101:Waaqeffanna
1057:sacred lake
969:Abbaa Muuda
953:Waaqeffanna
943:The phrase
834:For example
828:hierarchies
642:Waaqeffanna
586:Waaqeffataa
582:Waaqeffanna
560:Waaqeffanna
558:. The word
544:Waaqeffanna
454:Persecution
300:Kanem–Bornu
173:Waaqeffanna
2298:Categories
2283:See also:
2274:(Tanzania)
2261:Somaliland
2254:St. Helena
2218:(Portugal)
2193:autonomies
2124:Seychelles
2084:Mozambique
2069:Mauritania
2054:Madagascar
2009:The Gambia
1949:Cape Verde
1805:Irreligion
1549:2019-01-16
1524:2019-01-16
1456:2019-01-16
1244:2019-01-16
1144:References
1022:of women.
1016:Waaqeffana
1000:anointment
977:pilgrimage
883:Waqeffanna
776:divinities
746:omnipotent
738:omniscient
410:Priesthood
360:Tattaguine
350:Sine River
275:Benin City
224:Philosophy
197:Divination
2074:Mauritius
1702:Religions
1623:cite book
1615:809845128
1583:936123754
1500:154315816
1492:0041-977X
1348:2520-582X
1310:746470735
1095:Holy book
1059:found in
1040:Irreechaa
924:Qaallitti
895:Qaallitti
869:(men) or
654:known as
387:Education
295:Igbo-Ukwu
191:Doctrines
49:Religions
2272:Zanzibar
2243:(France)
2235:Puntland
2224:(France)
2179:Zimbabwe
2154:Tanzania
1999:Ethiopia
1994:Eswatini
1974:Djibouti
1944:Cameroon
1929:Botswana
1795:Hinduism
1760:Buddhism
1405:: 22–32.
1116:See also
1061:Bishoftu
1046:Irreecha
1029:biweekly
1020:divinity
996:pilgrims
949:ointment
879:Ayyaana.
832:Ayyaana.
824:Ayyaanas
672:Qallitti
656:Ayyaana.
644:is that
620:—
599:Ethiopia
570:Cushitic
491:Category
431:Saltigue
370:Yaboyabo
310:Nri-Igbo
82:Bushongo
24:a series
22:Part of
2241:RĂ©union
2230:(Spain)
2228:Melilla
2222:Mayotte
2216:Madeira
2212:(Spain)
2206:(Spain)
2164:Tunisia
2134:Somalia
2119:Senegal
2099:Nigeria
2089:Namibia
2079:Morocco
2044:Liberia
2039:Lesotho
1989:Eritrea
1964:Comoros
1939:Burundi
1914:Algeria
1825:Judaism
1820:Jainism
989:society
987:of the
961:Qaalluu
920:Qaalluu
904:dalalga
891:Qaalluu
887:Qaalluu
857:Qaalluu
844:lineage
840:Ayyanna
816:Ayyaana
804:Ayyaana
796:Ayyanna
792:Ayyanaa
784:Ayyaana
772:Ayyaana
766:Ayyaana
736:and is
682:Ayyaana
664:Ayyaana
660:Ayyaana
554:in the
421:Houngan
280:Dahomey
241:Deities
175:(Oromo)
163:Tumbuka
147:Odinala
127:Lugbara
2174:Zambia
2169:Uganda
2109:Rwanda
2059:Malawi
2019:Guinea
1919:Angola
1613:
1603:
1581:
1571:
1498:
1490:
1346:
1308:
1298:
1185:
1089:Ekeraa
1085:ekeraa
1067:Ekeraa
1024:Maaram
1012:Maaram
1006:Maaram
955:, the
951:'. In
918:, the
899:Waaqa.
867:Qaallu
818:. The
698:, the
628:Belief
546:is an
504:Portal
335:Sangha
320:Ouidah
315:Nsukka
285:Fatick
179:Yoruba
149:(Igbo)
137:Maasai
117:Lotuko
60:Baluba
2210:Ceuta
2195:, and
2149:Sudan
2094:Niger
2049:Libya
2034:Kenya
2014:Ghana
2004:Gabon
1979:Egypt
1924:Benin
1810:Islam
1496:S2CID
1395:(PDF)
1109:Waaqa
929:Gadaa
916:Waaqa
909:Galma
875:Waaqa
812:Waaqa
800:Waaqa
780:Waaqa
728:Waaqa
722:Waaqa
716:Waaqa
712:Safuu
708:Waaqa
700:moral
696:Safuu
686:Waaqa
668:Qallu
647:Waaqa
426:Mambo
416:Hogon
398:Okuyi
365:Tukar
168:Vodun
158:Serer
142:Mbuti
132:Luhya
112:Nubia
107:Hausa
92:Dogon
87:Dinka
70:Kongo
65:Bantu
2256:(UK)
2159:Togo
2064:Mali
1959:Chad
1633:link
1629:link
1611:OCLC
1601:ISBN
1579:OCLC
1569:ISBN
1488:ISSN
1344:ISSN
1306:OCLC
1296:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1099:The
1071:The
1010:The
994:The
922:and
893:and
862:qull
855:The
838:the
820:Ambo
770:The
744:and
702:and
677:Uuma
670:and
658:The
576:and
565:Waaq
393:Ndut
355:Somb
345:Sine
122:Lozi
97:Efik
75:Zulu
55:Akan
1480:doi
1014:in
760:God
684:by
325:Oyo
290:Ifáşą
153:San
102:Gbe
2300::
1625:}}
1621:{{
1609:.
1577:.
1541:.
1517:.
1494:.
1486:.
1476:62
1474:.
1448:.
1433:^
1411:^
1403:19
1401:.
1397:.
1378:^
1356:^
1338:.
1334:.
1318:^
1304:.
1280:^
1237:.
1224:^
1210:^
1152:^
740:,
718:.
26:on
2190:,
1687:e
1680:t
1673:v
1635:)
1617:.
1585:.
1552:.
1527:.
1502:.
1482::
1459:.
1350:.
1340:8
1312:.
1247:.
1191:.
836:,
532:e
525:t
518:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
