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374:, Kalaṣa-alâ contains several dialects spoken among the Väi, Vai, or Vä peoples, the Čima-Nišei people, and the Vântä people. Within the Väi, the Väi-alâ, Ameš-alâ, and Ẓönči-alâ subdialects are spoken. Among the Čima-Nišei, the Nišei-alâ and Čimi-alâ subdialects are spoken. The exact dialect of the Vântä is unclear, but is most probably Nišei-alâ. For this article, most cited forms will be based on the Nišei dialect (Nišei-alâ).
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285:, but the two languages belong to different branches of Indo-Iranian. Waigali speakers are sometimes called "Red Kalasha", while the speakers of the language in Pakistan are called “Black Kalasha.” According to linguist Richard Strand the Kalasha of Chitral apparently adopted the name of the Nuristani Kalasha, who at some unknown time had extended their influence into the region of southern Chitral.
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Post-consonantally, /ɽ/ retroflexes the following vowels in the word, sounding like a /ɹ/ before or after the vowel. Post-consonantally before a front vowel, /ɽ/ simply turns to /ɹ/.
244:, which is distinct from the dialect of the Čima-Nišei people who inhabit the lower valley. The word 'Kalasha' is the native ethnonym for all the speakers of the southern
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Strand, Richard F. (2022). "Ethnolinguistic and
Genetic Clues to Nûristânî Origins".
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International
Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction
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Halfmann, Jakob. "Terminological
Proposals for the Nuristani languages". In:
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Acta orientalia: ediderunt societates orientales Batava, Danica, Norvegica
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Grünberg, A.L. (1999). "Zemiaki jazyk/dialekt". In
Edelman, D.I. (ed.).
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people of the upper part of the Waigal Valley, centered on the town of
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1245:"Nuristan: Hidden Land of the Hindu-Kush"
1143:https://escholarship.org/uc/item/59p9w3r6
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1288:Strand, Richard F. (2011).
1273:Strand, Richard F. (2011).
1258:Strand, Richard F. (1998).
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1260:"The Kalaṣa of Kalaṣüm"
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383:Kalaṣa-alâ consonants
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1275:"Kalaṣa-alâ Lexicon"
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1334:Nuristani languages
1184:. E.J. Brill. 2006.
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1293:. Retrieved
1278:. Retrieved
1263:. Retrieved
1248:. Retrieved
1228:
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1217:Bibliography
1203:. Retrieved
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948:Accusative
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758:Approximant
297:comes from
295:Kalasha-ala
65:Afghanistan
32:Kalasha-mun
1721:Categories
1584:Ishkashimi
1295:2015-05-07
1280:2012-01-16
1265:2012-01-16
1250:2012-01-16
1231:: 267–353.
1205:2023-06-06
1165:585759085X
1141:, 2021. ;
1122:Ethnologue
1101:References
930:Vocabulary
433:Pharyngeal
362:"valley".
353:"Vai" and
312:Indo-Aryan
279:Kalaṣa-mun
234:Kalaṣa-alâ
208:Kalaṣa-alâ
53:Kalaṣa-alâ
1511:Nuristani
1375:Wasi-wari
1358:Kata-vari
951:Genitive
849:nasalised
633:voiceless
627:Fricative
558:voiceless
552:Affricate
451:voiceless
407:Retroflex
378:Phonology
293:The name
260:Nuristani
160:Glottolog
144:ISO 639-3
112:Nuristani
1394:(Ashkun)
1385:Southern
1377:(Prasun)
1363:Shekhani
1341:Northern
935:Pronouns
401:Alveolar
366:Dialects
218:language
193:58-ACC-a
167:waig1243
117:Southern
1633:Zemiaki
1623:Waigali
1618:Tregami
1598:Shughni
1527:Turkmen
1517:Pashayi
1506:Balochi
1409:Zemiaki
1404:Tregami
1398:Waigali
1368:Mumviri
1353:Kamviri
1117:Waigali
1044:Numbers
942:Person
438:Glottal
417:Palatal
335:, from
272:Tregami
270:and to
268:Zemiaki
228:in the
224:of the
216:, is a
202:Waigali
180:Waigali
122:Waigali
40:Waigali
1613:Prasun
1605:Yidgha
1578:Pamiri
1573:Moghol
1568:Kyrgyz
1563:Khowar
1553:Brahui
1548:Ashkun
1522:Tajiki
1470:Pashto
1392:Askunu
1162:
843:Rhotic
701:voiced
598:voiced
510:voiced
428:Uvular
396:Dental
391:Labial
328:Vâigal
299:Kalaṣa
242:Waigal
71:Region
1672:This
1628:Wakhi
1591:Munji
1532:Uzbek
993:ämeba
876:plain
794:Nasal
423:Velar
344:<
326:<
319:Vägal
1678:stub
1465:Dari
1160:ISBN
1065:čatâ
1036:vẫma
1022:pl.
1016:tuba
1002:sg.
999:2nd
979:pl.
959:sg.
956:1st
445:Stop
289:Name
1119:at
1095:doš
1085:oṣṭ
1080:sot
1070:pũč
1060:tre
988:äme
983:ämi
973:uma
963:aŋa
355:gal
346:Vâi
238:Väi
175:ELP
151:wbk
1723::
1229:19
1227:.
1198:.
1109:^
1090:nu
1075:ṣu
1055:dü
1050:ev
1031:vẫ
1026:vi
1011:tu
1006:tü
858:ɹ̃
820:ɽ̃
807:n̪
764:l̪
752:)
741:)
694:)
685:)
674:)
644:)
611:dʑ
581:tɕ
574:tʂ
567:ts
524:d̪
503:)
492:)
465:t̪
414:/
398:/
337:Vä
248:.
1709:e
1702:t
1695:v
1684:.
1443:e
1436:t
1429:v
1326:e
1319:t
1312:v
1298:.
1283:.
1268:.
1253:.
1208:.
1168:.
968:ũ
897:ɹ
894:~
891:ɽ
884:ɾ
829:ŋ
817:~
814:ɳ
800:m
780:w
773:j
749:ʕ
746:(
738:ɣ
735:(
728:ʐ
721:z
714:β
711:~
708:w
691:h
688:(
682:ħ
679:(
671:x
668:(
663:ɕ
656:ʂ
649:s
641:f
638:(
540:ɡ
531:ɖ
517:b
500:ʔ
497:(
489:q
486:(
481:k
472:ʈ
458:p
204:(
34:.
20:)
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