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area, they named the volcano Mount
Gabriel, after an early settler. The scoria cones were quarried in the 1950s in order to construct the Manukau Sewage Purification Works (now Māngere Wastewater Treatment Plant) adjacent to the volcano. In the latter half of the 20th century, the land was used for
77:. The cones, each approximately 30 metres in height, were produced by explosive eruptions from three vents in the centre of the crater. The two eastern cones were conical, while the south-western peak was a
141:, a vineyard that had previously been headquartered to the north-east along Kirkbride Road. The crater is occasionally used for public concerts in the summer, and has been a venue for concerts by
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73:. The volcano consisted of an elliptical explosion crater, with three small cones surrounded by a 15-25 metre
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with an 18-metre deep crater. After the initial eruptions, the crater formed a freshwater swamp.
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The crater lake and swamp were given the name
Waitomokia ("Water Seeping into the Ground") by
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cones up to 20 m (66 ft) high, one with a crater, which were quarried in the 1950s.
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376:"Review: The National serve up a polished, melancholy performance at Auckland's Villa Maria"
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The volcano erupted an estimated 20,300 years ago, based on volcanic ash samples found at
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398:- Searle, Ernest J.; revised by Mayhill, R.D.; Longman Paul, 1981. First published 1964.
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330:"Bic Runga, Tim Finn & The Topp Twins to party at Villa Maria"
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and horticulture. In 2005, the land became the location of
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121:(hillfort), and the sides were terraced with kūmara rua (
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353:"Review: Jack Johnson live at Villa Maria Vineyard"
256:"George Graham's Maori Place Names of Auckland"
431:1899 photo of Waitomokia showing its three cones
22:Vineyards within Waitomokia's explosion crater
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261:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum
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200:(2019). "Moerangi/Waitomokia/Mt Gabriel".
396:City of Volcanoes: A geology of Auckland
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128:When European settlers arrived in the
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410:Volcanoes of Auckland: A Field Guide
303:Thomson, Joelle (27 February 2005).
202:Volcanoes of Auckland: a Field Guide
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374:Loren, EAnna (26 February 2018).
921:Volcanoes of the Auckland Region
911:Māngere-Ōtāhuhu Local Board Area
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351:Jones, Emma (11 December 2017).
30:Diagram of Waitomokia circa 1860
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854:Pupuke Moana / Pupuke Volcano
926:Hills of the Auckland Region
565:Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill
916:Music venues in New Zealand
441:Aerial photos of Waitomokia
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305:"Winemakers go for growth"
230:"The History of Our Marae"
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206:Auckland University Press
705:Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond
464:36.976981°S 174.770336°E
906:Auckland volcanic field
645:Whakamuhu / Glover Park
577:Ōwairaka / Mount Albert
553:Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson
547:Maungawhau / Mount Eden
509:Auckland volcanic field
436:1930 view of Waitomokia
55:Auckland volcanic field
469:-36.976981; 174.770336
309:The New Zealand Herald
133:kiwifruit packhouses,
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208:. pp. 459–464.
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571:Te Tātua a Riukiuta
535:Albert Park Volcano
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139:Villa Maria Estates
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829:Waitematā Harbour
215:978-0-582-71784-8
198:Hayward, Bruce W.
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812:Māngere Mountain
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583:Te Hopua a Rangi
559:Mount Saint John
523:Pukekawa Volcano
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687:Styaks Swamp
669:Hampton Park
651:Taylors Hill
639:Purchas Hill
595:Ōrākei Basin
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380:. Retrieved
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334:. Retrieved
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312:. Retrieved
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234:. Retrieved
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159:the National
155:Jack Johnson
135:floriculture
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123:sweet potato
91:Tāmaki Māori
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79:spatter cone
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43:Gabriel Hill
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834:North Shore
746:Crater Hill
693:Pukewairiki
589:Mount Smart
467: /
455:174°46′13″E
236:1 September
99:Crater Hill
900:Categories
842:Maungauika
782:Waitomokia
681:Green Hill
675:Ōtara Hill
601:Puketāpapa
452:36°58′37″S
382:31 January
359:31 January
336:31 January
314:31 January
165:References
35:Waitomokia
878:Tank Farm
860:Rangitoto
848:Motukorea
633:Maungarei
290:Q58677091
274:0067-0464
268:: 11–39.
143:Bic Runga
75:tuff ring
788:Ōtuataua
728:Ash Hill
286:Wikidata
282:42906272
254:(1979).
147:Tim Finn
39:Moerangi
884:Onepoto
800:Pukeiti
752:Kohuora
378:. Stuff
355:. Stuff
130:Māngere
115:Mataoho
103:Kohuora
65:Geology
53:in the
51:volcano
49:) is a
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59:scoria
37:(also
278:JSTOR
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400:ISBN
384:2022
361:2022
338:2022
316:2022
270:ISSN
238:2021
210:ISBN
157:and
109:and
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