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Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp.

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was enacted to assure customers the benefits of price competition, and have emphasized the act's primary purpose of protecting the economic freedom of participants in the relevant market. This decision thus supports the right of authors and content creators to offer their creations free of charge.
226:, and Wallace was ordered to pay the FSF's costs. In its decision to grant the motion to dismiss, the Court ruled that Wallace had failed to allege any antitrust injury on which his claim could be based, since Wallace was obligated to claim not only that he had been injured but also that the 271:
Wallace has had two chances to amend his complaint . His continuing failure to state an antitrust claim indicates that the complaint has "inherent internal flaws." Wallace will not be granted further leave to file an amended complaint because the court finds that such amendment would be
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he GPL encourages, rather than discourages, free competition and the distribution of computer operating systems, the benefits of which directly pass to consumers. These benefits include lower prices, better access and more
222:, and Wallace filed multiple amended complaints in an effort to satisfy the requirements of an antitrust allegation. His fourth and final amended complaint was dismissed on March 20, 2006, by Judge 207: 277: 149: 43: 1698: 792: 1571: 596: 817: 1693: 949: 927: 1703: 591: 1063: 214:, by requiring copies of computer software licensed under it to be made available freely, and possibly even at no cost, is tantamount to 807: 1670: 1560: 252:
In 2006, Daniel Wallace filed a lawsuit against the software companies IBM, Novell, and Red Hat, who profit from the distribution of
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operating system. Wallace's allegation was that these software companies were engaging in anticompetitive price fixing.
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Daniel Wallace v. International Business Machines Corporation; Red Hat, Inc.; and Novell, Inc.
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prevented him from making a profit from selling his own operating system.
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Plaintiff Daniel Wallace's Memorandum on Motion for Summary Judgment
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On April 28, 2005, Daniel Wallace filed suit against the FSF in the
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The Court also noted that prior cases have established that the
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U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana
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Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp. et al.
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United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
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In November 2005 the case was dismissed 31: 319: 317: 417:"Case 1:05-cv-00618-JDT-TAB Document 42" 400:"Case 1:05-cv-00618-JDT-TAB Document 41" 383:"Case 1:05-cv-00618-JDT-TAB Document 30" 150:Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 121:Easterbrook, joined by a unanimous court 29:Case in the development of free software 366:"Case 1:05-cv-00618-JDT-TAB Document 1" 313: 286:in front of a three-judge panel led by 928:Center for The Business of Government 276:Wallace later filed an appeal in the 7: 1616: 342:Eric J. Sinrod (November 22, 2006). 267:dismissed the case with prejudice: 230:had. The Court instead found that 25: 597:PC business acquisition by Lenovo 458:"Open Source Earns Legal Victory" 1694:United States antitrust case law 1626: 1625: 1615: 1606: 1605: 1295:Sabre airline reservation system 1141:Thomas J. Watson Research Center 248:IBM, Novell, and Red Hat lawsuit 1704:United States computer case law 808:Information Management Software 1561:International chess tournament 1341:Globally integrated enterprise 1331:Commercial Processing Workload 1: 1300:Scanning tunneling microscope 278:Seventh Circuit Appeal Court 194:. Wallace claimed that free 148:. The case decided, at the 1168:Canada Head Office Building 1158:Cambridge Scientific Center 1050:Science Research Associates 818:Mainframe operating systems 280:, where his case was heard 1745: 1229:Virtual Universe Community 950:International subsidiaries 870:Service Automation Manager 437:. Free Software Foundation 158:GNU General Public License 1601: 332: (7th Cir. 2006). 160:(GPL) did not contravene 130: 1709:Free Software Foundation 1255:Automated teller machine 1209:The Great Mind Challenge 592:Mergers and acquisitions 176:Free Software Foundation 1214:Linux Technology Center 263:On May 16, 2006, Judge 1539:Dynamic infrastructure 1504:Big Blue sports teams 1310:Universal Product Code 162:federal antitrust laws 1671:Vacuum tube computers 1555:IBM and the Holocaust 1520:Common Public License 1405:Louis V. Gerstner Jr. 1188:Academy of Technology 643:Power microprocessors 456:Anne Broache (2006). 330:467 F.3d 1104 132:Sherman Antitrust Act 103:Michael Stephen Kanne 1285:Magnetic stripe card 1234:World Community Grid 1110:Toronto Software Lab 766:Carbon Design System 721:Cell microprocessors 433:Peter Brown (2006). 254:open-source software 1549:GUIDE International 1411:Samuel J. Palmisano 1270:Electronic keypunch 1094:One Atlantic Center 1064:Weather Underground 1060:The Weather Company 464:on January 19, 2013 256:, specifically the 210:, stating that the 1651:Personal computers 1641:Midrange computers 1631:Navigational boxes 1524:IBM Public License 1499:A Boy and His Atom 1457:Michelle J. Howard 1399:John Fellows Akers 1381:T. Vincent Learson 1088:1250 René-Lévesque 828:Planning Analytics 301:IBM v. Papermaster 224:John Daniel Tinder 174:citizen, sued the 1681: 1680: 1646:Operating systems 1508:American football 1477:Joseph R. Swedish 1472:Martha E. Pollack 1375:Thomas Watson Jr. 1336:Customer engineer 1260:Cynefin framework 1146:Hakozaki Facility 1105:Rome Software Lab 1073: 1072: 902: 901: 855:Rational Software 754: 753: 736:Personal Computer 731:Midrange computer 288:Frank Easterbrook 220:without prejudice 154:United States law 137: 136: 99:Frank Easterbrook 16:(Redirected from 1736: 1629: 1628: 1619: 1618: 1609: 1608: 1369:Thomas J. Watson 1290:Relational model 1239:Think conference 1120:330 North Wabash 1040:Microelectronics 913: 838:Quantum Platform 783:Cognos Analytics 621: 614: 564: 557: 550: 541: 526: 520: 517: 511: 508: 502: 499: 493: 474: 473: 471: 469: 460:. Archived from 453: 447: 446: 444: 442: 430: 424: 423: 421: 413: 407: 406: 404: 396: 390: 389: 387: 379: 373: 372: 370: 362: 356: 355: 353: 351: 339: 333: 327: 321: 265:Richard L. Young 107:Terence T. Evans 90:Court membership 71:November 9, 2006 63:October 26, 2006 32: 21: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1597: 1583:SHARE computing 1544:GlobalFoundries 1486: 1434: 1428: 1355: 1314: 1305:Financial swaps 1280:Hard disk drive 1243: 1177: 1151:Yamato Facility 1069: 976: 908: 898: 865:Tivoli Software 750: 704: 603: 573: 568: 524: 518: 515: 509: 506: 500: 497: 491: 483: 478: 477: 467: 465: 455: 454: 450: 440: 438: 432: 431: 427: 419: 415: 414: 410: 402: 398: 397: 393: 385: 381: 380: 376: 368: 364: 363: 359: 349: 347: 341: 340: 336: 323: 322: 315: 310: 296: 250: 204: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1742: 1740: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1686: 1685: 1679: 1678: 1676: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1623: 1613: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1568: 1566:Lucifer cipher 1563: 1558: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1502: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1482:Peter R. Voser 1479: 1474: 1469: 1467:Andrew Liveris 1464: 1462:Arvind Krishna 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1438: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1423:Arvind Krishna 1420: 1414: 1408: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1372: 1365: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1224:Smarter Planet 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1189: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1116:IBM Buildings 1114: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1101:Software Labs 1099: 1098: 1097: 1091: 1090:, Montreal, QC 1081: 1079: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1067: 1057: 1055:Service Bureau 1052: 1047: 1045:Product Center 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1010:Ambra Computer 1007: 1006: 1005: 1000: 990: 984: 982: 978: 977: 975: 974: 969: 964: 959: 958: 957: 947: 942: 941: 940: 930: 925: 919: 917: 910: 904: 903: 900: 899: 897: 896: 891: 890: 889: 879: 874: 873: 872: 862: 857: 852: 851: 850: 845: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 813:Lotus Software 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 779: 778: 768: 762: 760: 756: 755: 752: 751: 749: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 712: 710: 706: 705: 703: 702: 701: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 667: 666: 665: 660: 650: 645: 640: 639: 638: 627: 625: 618: 611: 605: 604: 602: 601: 600: 599: 589: 583: 581: 575: 574: 569: 567: 566: 559: 552: 544: 538: 537: 527: 513:Google Scholar 482: 481:External links 479: 476: 475: 448: 425: 408: 391: 374: 357: 334: 312: 311: 309: 306: 305: 304: 295: 292: 274: 273: 249: 246: 237: 236: 229: 203: 200: 168:Daniel Wallace 135: 134: 128: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 110: 109: 96: 95:Judges sitting 92: 91: 87: 86: 77: 73: 72: 69: 65: 64: 61: 57: 56: 51: 50:Full case name 47: 46: 41: 37: 36: 28: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1741: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1624: 1622: 1614: 1612: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1442:Thomas Buberl 1440: 1439: 1437: 1431: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1417:Ginni Rometty 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1387:Frank T. Cary 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1173:IBM Rochester 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122:, Chicago, IL 1121: 1118: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1100: 1096:, Atlanta, GA 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 995: 994: 991: 989: 986: 985: 983: 979: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 956: 953: 952: 951: 948: 946: 943: 939: 936: 935: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 920: 918: 914: 911: 905: 895: 892: 888: 885: 884: 883: 880: 878: 875: 871: 868: 867: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 849: 846: 844: 841: 840: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 823:Mashup Center 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 777: 774: 773: 772: 769: 767: 764: 763: 761: 757: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 713: 711: 707: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 670: 668: 664: 661: 659: 656: 655: 654: 651: 649: 648:Power Systems 646: 644: 641: 637: 634: 633: 632: 629: 628: 626: 622: 619: 615: 612: 610: 606: 598: 595: 594: 593: 590: 588: 585: 584: 582: 580: 576: 572: 565: 560: 558: 553: 551: 546: 545: 542: 535: 531: 528: 523: 514: 505: 496: 495:CourtListener 489: 485: 484: 480: 463: 459: 452: 449: 436: 429: 426: 418: 412: 409: 401: 395: 392: 384: 378: 375: 367: 361: 358: 345: 338: 335: 331: 326: 320: 318: 314: 307: 303: 302: 298: 297: 293: 291: 289: 285: 284: 279: 270: 269: 268: 266: 261: 259: 255: 247: 245: 242: 233: 232: 231: 227: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 201: 199: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 172:United States 169: 165: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 146:free software 143: 142: 133: 129: 124: 120: 116: 113:Case opinions 111: 108: 104: 100: 97: 93: 88: 85: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 55: 52: 48: 45: 42: 38: 33: 27: 19: 1570: 1553: 1534:Deep Thought 1497: 1425:(since 2020) 1393:John R. Opel 1351:Think slogan 1192:Deep Thunder 998:Kaleida Labs 993:AIM alliance 678:Q System Two 673:Q System One 487: 468:November 12, 466:. Retrieved 462:the original 451: 439:. Retrieved 428: 411: 394: 377: 360: 348:. Retrieved 337: 324: 299: 281: 275: 262: 251: 238: 216:price fixing 205: 180:price fixing 167: 166: 140: 139: 138: 126:Laws applied 53: 26: 1666:Typewriters 1572:Mathematica 1513:Rugby union 1452:Alex Gorsky 1419:(2012–2020) 1413:(2002–2011) 1407:(1993–2002) 1401:(1985–1993) 1395:(1981–1985) 1389:(1973–1981) 1383:(1971–1973) 1377:(1956–1971) 1371:(1914–1956) 1319:Terminology 1275:Floppy disk 1219:SkillsBuild 1182:Initiatives 1163:IBM Hursley 1137:Facilities 788:Connections 658:FlashSystem 241:Sherman Act 235:innovation. 202:FSF lawsuit 1688:Categories 1661:System/370 1656:System/360 1447:David Farr 1346:e-business 1248:Inventions 1197:Develothon 1078:Facilities 938:Promontory 933:Consulting 346:. News.com 308:References 178:(FSF) for 152:, that in 1529:Deep Blue 1435:directors 894:WebSphere 833:PureQuery 741:Selectric 716:Blue Gene 631:Mainframe 60:Submitted 1611:Category 1578:IBM Plex 1433:Board of 1326:Big Blue 1126:Honolulu 1035:Merative 1020:EduQuest 1003:Taligent 972:Research 909:entities 907:Business 848:OpenQASM 776:Cloudant 746:ThinkPad 669:Quantum 617:Hardware 609:Products 486:Text of 294:See also 118:Majority 76:Citation 1719:Red Hat 1621:Commons 1588:ScicomP 1131:Seattle 1084:Towers 1030:Lexmark 1025:Kyndryl 967:Red Hat 916:Current 887:Granite 882:Watsonx 798:Fortran 726:PowerPC 653:Storage 624:Current 587:History 579:History 534:Groklaw 504:Findlaw 441:May 21, 350:May 31, 283:de novo 272:futile. 192:Red Hat 68:Decided 1724:Novell 1593:Unions 1204:Fellow 1015:Cognos 988:AdStar 981:Former 945:Kenexa 923:Apptio 877:Watson 843:Qiskit 709:Former 698:Condor 688:Osprey 663:DS8000 525:  522:Leagle 519:  516:  510:  507:  501:  498:  492:  328:, 228:market 190:, and 188:Novell 1729:Linux 1491:Other 962:Press 955:India 771:Cloud 759:Other 693:Heron 683:Eagle 636:IBM Z 420:(PDF) 403:(PDF) 386:(PDF) 369:(PDF) 258:Linux 196:Linux 40:Court 1636:FOSS 1361:CEOs 1265:DRAM 860:SPSS 803:ILOG 470:2006 443:2006 352:2013 170:, a 156:the 84:1104 81:F.3d 79:467 1714:IBM 571:IBM 212:GPL 184:IBM 1690:: 316:^ 186:, 164:. 105:, 101:, 1522:/ 1066:) 1062:( 563:e 556:t 549:v 536:) 532:( 472:. 445:. 422:. 405:. 388:. 371:. 354:. 20:)

Index

Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp. et al.
United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
F.3d
1104
Frank Easterbrook
Michael Stephen Kanne
Terence T. Evans
Sherman Antitrust Act
free software
Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
United States law
GNU General Public License
federal antitrust laws
United States
Free Software Foundation
price fixing
IBM
Novell
Red Hat
Linux
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana
GPL
price fixing
without prejudice
John Daniel Tinder
Sherman Act
open-source software
Linux
Richard L. Young
Seventh Circuit Appeal Court

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