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the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. Attached to the Fifth
Section, General Staff, General Headquarters, American Expeditionary Forces, Colonel Short rendered conspicuous service in inspecting and reporting upon front-line conditions pertaining to the work of his section. During the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne operations of the 1st Army Corps, he efficiently directed the instruction and training of machine-gun units at every available opportunity during rest periods. Later, as Assistant Chief of Staff, G-5, 3d Army, he manifested the same assiduous devotion to duty in organizing schools, conducting necessary inspections, and carrying out the intensive training process.
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passed a non-binding resolution exonerating Kimmel and Short by a 52 to 47 vote. The resolution stated they had performed their duties "competently and professionally" and that the
Japanese attacks were "not a result of dereliction of duty." "They were denied vital intelligence that was available in
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that the increased gravity of the
Japanese situation had prompted a restudy of the problem of the security of the Pacific Fleet while in Pearl Harbor. Knox wrote: "If war eventuates with Japan, it is believed easily possible that hostilities would be initiated by a surprise attack upon the fleet or
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The
President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Colonel (Infantry) Walter Campbell Short, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of
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In 1946 Short testified on his own behalf before
Congress about the 1941 attack. Unlike some of his predecessors in Hawaii, Short was more concerned with sabotage from Japanese-Americans on Oahu. This led to Army planes parked outside of their hangars so they could be more easily guarded. However,
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Stimson replied
February 7, 1941, that a copy of the letter was being forwarded to Short, with direction to him to cooperate with the local naval authorities in making the suggested measures effective. Admiral Kimmel and General Short received copies of these letters at about the time they assumed
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None of these conditions was in fact inaugurated or maintained for the reason that the responsible commanders failed to consult and cooperate as to necessary action based upon the warnings and to adopt measures enjoined by the orders given to them by the chiefs of the Army and Navy commands in
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He also declared that he did not receive adequate warning and suffered from a lack of resources. He and his family attempted to get the Army to restore his rank of lieutenant general in the retired ranks on the basis that warnings from the War
Department prior to the attack were vague and in
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Knox's letter stated the defenses against all but the first two were then satisfactory, described the probable character of an air attack and urged the Army to prepare for such an attack. It concluded with recommendations for the revision of joint defense plans with special emphasis on the
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On
February 28, 1942, he retired from the Army and then headed the traffic department at a Ford Motor Company plant in Dallas, Texas. He briefly returned to active duty from October 3, 1945 to February 28, 1946. He retired in 1946 and died in 1949 in Dallas of a chronic heart ailment.
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as a result of the
Japanese attack on the Hawaiian Islands. Short was ordered back to Washington, D.C., by General Marshall. He reverted to his permanent rank of major general, from his temporary rank of lieutenant general, since his temporary rank was contingent on his command.
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The
Roberts Commission was not a court-martial proceeding nor a judicial tribunal. Rather, the investigations were for fact-finding. There is generally no right to "due process", in the sense of a right to counsel and to cross-examine witnesses at a fact-finding investigation.
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the naval base at Pearl Harbor." The letter proceeded: "The dangers envisaged in their order of importance and probability are considered to be: (1) Air bombing attack (2) Air torpedo plane attack, (3) Sabotage, (4) Submarine attack, (5) Mining, (6) Bombardment by gunfire."
513:(R-SC) called Kimmel and Short "the two final victims of Pearl Harbor." The resolution was originally attached as an amendment to the Department of Defense spending bill for FY2000 (S.1059) and cleared the Congress as a whole in October 1999, urging President
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that the dispatch was a "do-don't" message which conveyed to him the impression that the avoidance of war was paramount and the greatest fear of the War Department was that some international incident might occur in Hawaii which Japan would regard as an overt
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this made them easy bombing targets and many were subsequently destroyed on the morning of the attack. In explaining his reasons for his instituting an alert against sabotage only (local "Alert One" level), General Short stated:
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that he was looking to the Navy to provide him adequate warning of the approach of a hostile force, particularly through distant reconnaissance which was a Navy responsibility; and
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that the war warning message he received on November 27 contained nothing directing him to be prepared to meet an air raid or an all-out attack on Hawaii ("Alert Two" and "Three");
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Requesting the President to advance the late Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel on the retired list of the Navy to the highest grade held as Commander in Chief, United States Fleet
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He earned the Distinguished Service Medal and was considered to have had a successful career at that time, especially in light of his promotions during peacetime.
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coordination of Army and Navy operations against surprise aircraft raids. It also urged the conduct of joint exercises to train the forces to meet such raids.
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to restore Kimmel and Short to their full wartime ranks. However, neither Clinton nor any of his successors acted on the resolution.
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that he received other messages after the November 27 dispatch emphasizing measures against sabotage and subversive activities;
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that instituting higher level alerts would have seriously interfered with the training mission of the Hawaiian Department.
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INVESTIGATION OF THE PEARL HARBOR ATTACK: REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE INVESTIGATION OF THE PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
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After the war, Short became a member of the War Department General staff and served with the Far Eastern section of the
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the antiaircraft batteries of the Army should have been manned and supplied with ammunition; and
995:"History, Commanding Generals: United States Army, Pacific: Lieutenant General Walter C. Short"
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the distant reconnaissance of the inshore air patrol of the Army should have been maintained;
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Advancement of Rear Admiral Kimmel and Major General Short on the Retired List
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509:(R-DE), contending they had been made scapegoats by the Pentagon. Senator
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commander responsible for the defense of U.S. military installations in
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and after graduation served as a staff school instructor. He commanded
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in 1901. He then taught mathematics for a year at a military academy.
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conflict. He requested, but did not receive, a formal court-martial.
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the aircraft warning system of the Army should have been operating;
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for his efforts during the war. The citation for the medal reads:
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a high state of readiness of aircraft should have been in effect.
1057:"Walter Campbell Short - Lieutenant General, United States Army"
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In a letter dated January 24, 1941, Secretary of the Navy
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
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The report found that had orders been complied with:
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Congress Backs Son's Fight to Return Admiral's Honor
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41:"General Short" redirects here. For other uses, see
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30:For the United States Army brigadier general, see
1117:Arakaki, Leatrice R. and Kuborn, John R. (1991).
1079:Attack Upon Pearl Harbor by Japanese Armed Forces
386:, headed by U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice
202:(March 30, 1880 – September 3, 1949) was a
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234:. The son of a doctor, he graduated from the
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1461:United States Army Infantry Branch personnel
1506:United States Army generals of World War II
1466:United States Army personnel of World War I
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206:(temporary rank) and major general of the
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1155:Senate Clears 2 Pearl Harbor 'Scapegoats'
1081:– 77th Congress, Senate Document No. 159.
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1123:, Pacific Air Forces Office of History.
1043:"Valor awards for Walter Campbell Short"
997:. The United States Army. Archived from
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1486:People from Montgomery County, Illinois
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1144:79TH Congress SENATE DOCUMENT No. 244.
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975:by Carl Smith, Adam Hook, Jim Laurier.
1496:United States Army War College alumni
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1120:7 December 1941: The Air Force Story
1094:III. The Pearl Harbor Investigations
973:Pearl Harbor 1941: The Day of Infamy
295:from January 1940 to January 1941.
948:, Retired List: February 28, 1942
933:, Regular Army: December 17, 1941
283:until 1924. He then attended the
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1501:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
888:, Regular Army: December 1, 1936
1491:Military personnel from Illinois
1343:Territorial Governor of Hawaiʻi
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34:. For the English academic, see
1140:CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
353:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
918:, Temporary: February 8, 1941
903:, Regular Army: March 1, 1940
813:, Temporary: November 7, 1918
749:, Regular Army: April 4, 1907
691:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
682:American Defense Service Medal
281:Military Intelligence Division
43:General Short (disambiguation)
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843:, Regular Army: July 1, 1920
764:, Regular Army: July 1, 1916
685:with "Foreign Service" clasp
416:advised the Secretary of War
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218:at the time of the Japanese
1471:United States Army generals
1191:Arlington National Cemetery
798:, Temporary: July 30, 1918
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698:World War II Victory Medal
505:Washington," said Senator
230:Short was born in 1880 in
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672:World War I Victory Medal
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459:William Harrison Standley
253:Presidio of San Francisco
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1196:Generals of World War II
344:U.S. Army Chief of Staff
247:Pre-World War II service
115:United States of America
1025:General Short, 69, Dies
525:Short was portrayed by
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27:U.S. Army Major general
1481:Attack on Pearl Harbor
1131:, p. 19 (p. 5 in text)
496:1999 Senate resolution
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291:from 1938 to 1940 and
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261:16th Infantry Regiment
257:expedition into Mexico
236:University of Illinois
220:attack on Pearl Harbor
667:Mexican Service Medal
500:On May 25, 1999, the
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289:1st Infantry Division
222:on December 7, 1941.
200:Walter Campbell Short
160:1st Infantry Division
138:Years of service
52:Walter Campbell Short
1379:Governor of Hawaiʻi
1032:, September 4, 1949.
507:William V. Roth, Jr.
502:United States Senate
36:Walter Francis Short
1232:Governors of Hawaii
734:: February 2, 1901
723:No insignia in 1901
407:dereliction of duty
367:Hawaiian Department
168:Hawaiian Department
65:Lieutenant General
1177:, October 13, 1999
916:Lieutenant General
856:Lieutenant Colonel
796:Lieutenant Colonel
395:Commander in Chief
384:Roberts Commission
378:Roberts Commission
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340:George C. Marshall
318:. You can help by
232:Fillmore, Illinois
208:United States Army
204:lieutenant general
132:United States Army
79:Fillmore, Illinois
32:Walter Cowen Short
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1345:(1944–1959)
1314:(1941–1944)
1242:(1898–1941)
1175:Los Angeles Times
1045:. Military Times.
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886:Brigadier General
783:: August 5, 1917
728:Second Lieutenant
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532:Tora! Tora! Tora!
403:Husband E. Kimmel
397:, U.S. Fleet and
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1059:. 9 April 2023.
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327:December 2021
321:
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314:This section
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212:U.S. military
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150:Major General
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96:Dallas, Texas
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49:
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1136:
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1099:
1086:
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1037:
1027:
1003:. Retrieved
999:the original
972:
732:Regular Army
722:
530:
524:
515:Bill Clinton
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450:Washington.
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320:adding to it
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229:
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198:
182:World War II
174:Battles/wars
91:(1949-09-03)
1456:1949 deaths
1451:1880 births
1420:Abercrombie
1090:Edwin Dorn
1005:January 25,
178:World War I
1445:Categories
1333:Richardson
1286:Poindexter
1276:Farrington
955:References
705:(Officier)
675:with four
414:Frank Knox
401:, Admiral
263:in 1916.
226:Early life
103:Allegiance
1354:Stainback
259:with the
141:1902–1942
1410:Cayetano
1400:Ariyoshi
1271:McCarthy
1159:NY Times
1029:NY Times
707:(France)
457:Admiral
338:General
210:and the
156:Commands
121:Service/
1405:Waiheʻe
1266:Pinkham
871:Colonel
826:Captain
811:Colonel
762:Captain
293:I Corps
164:I Corps
1415:Lingle
1328:Emmons
1256:Carter
1127:
539:Awards
342:, the
299:Hawaii
216:Hawaii
188:Awards
123:branch
112:
98:, U.S.
81:, U.S.
1430:Green
1395:Burns
1390:Quinn
1369:Quinn
1323:Short
1261:Frear
841:Major
777:Major
677:stars
1364:King
1359:Long
1281:Judd
1251:Dole
1125:ISBN
1007:2017
481:act;
392:Navy
382:The
146:Rank
86:Died
73:Born
1425:Ige
529:in
322:.
1447::
1173:,
1157:,
1110:^
1065:^
1015:^
980:^
963:^
779:,
730:,
535:.
1224:e
1217:t
1210:v
1009:.
329:)
325:(
45:.
38:.
20:)
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