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chemistry or medicine, made his testimony most convincing to judge and jury and a formidable problem to the cross examiner. No abuse or heckling of the opposing side, however brutal and exasperating, could move him from his attitude of courteous, gentlemanly demeanor. The shrewder members of the bar early discovered the wisdom of refraining from the cross examination of Dr. Haines, for it almost always resulted in giving added force to his testimony. Some of the trials in which his cross examination was conducted by distinguished lawyers, who vied with him in quiet, courteous deportment, will long be remembered for their masterly, delightful word-fencing.
380:, a Kansas City bachelor who had become a multimillionaire in real estate. He lived with his widowed sister-in-law Margaret Swope in her 26-room mansion, as did a number of her children and other extended family members. Margaret's daughter Frances and her husband Dr. Bennett Clark Hyde also lived nearby, though not in the same house. Frances had married Dr. Hyde on June 21, 1905 in spite of strong opposition from her mother. By 1909, however, mother and daughter had reconciled, and Thomas Hunton Swope had given the couple a home of their own.
317:. He discussed fragments of the exploded bombs, the only physical evidence to be presented at the trial, and their similarity to materials found in the possession of one of the defendants. He and chemist Mark Delafontaine analyzed several samples of bomb fragments, including fragments from the bodies of Officer Mathias Degan, who died in the explosion, and Officer Murphy who survived. Other materials came from intact bombs found in the apartment of defendant
360:, nicknamed "the sausage king of Chicago", was accused in 1897 of the murder of his second wife Louisa Bicknese Luetgert. She had reportedly gone missing as of May 1, 1897. Police suspected Luetgert of killing Louisa at the A.L. Luetgert Sausage & Packing Company, dissolving her body in the plant and burning whatever remained in a furnace. Police searched the factory, finding bone fragments and a couple of rings, one marked "L.L."
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could be shown that the bombing was premeditated–which was murder in the
Haymarket case. Haines testified that the unexploded bombs confiscated by the police were similar in composition to the explosion fragments. The samples mainly contained lead, but also included small amounts of tin and traces of antimony and zinc. One sample also contained trace amounts of copper, though the trace elements were considered insignificant.
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additional litigation over who would pay the cost of the prosecution. The State of
Missouri and Margaret Swope are estimated to have spent $ 250,000 pursuing Hyde's conviction, but the charges were dropped on April 9, 1917 and he was released. In 1920, Frances divorced Hyde on charges that he was threatening and abusive, but she continued to maintain that he was innocent of murder.
257:, a comprehensive guide to medicine and the law. Haine's contributions included a chapter on "General Principles of Toxicology", which described common poisons, their symptoms and treatment, and best practices for postmortem examinations. The textbook first appeared in two volumes in 1903–1904 and went through multiple editions.
407:. The Hydes did not become ill, possibly because they had brought bottled water to drink that Thanksgiving. Frances' brother William Chrisman Swope seemed to be improving until Hyde gave him a capsule. He began convulsing, was given strychnine by Hyde, and died on December 6, 1909. Hyde diagnosed the fatal illness as
298:
Haines was a pioneer in adapting medical techniques from the laboratory for application to forensics investigations and the presentation of courtroom evidence. In this capacity he was called upon to testify in both civil and criminal trials, including a number of sensational cases. His cases involved
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Thomas Hunton Swope died on
October 3 after a short illness and before any changes could be made to his will. Hyde was involved again, and his medical treatment was considered questionable. He gave Swope's nurse an unidentified capsule "to improve his digestion", and Swope went into convulsions some
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His unswerving adherence to the facts, revealed by his analyses and tests, the rigid care and thoroughness with which these analyses were conducted and controlled, combined with a remarkable faculty of explaining scientific facts and methods in language intelligible to those wholly unacquainted with
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It was the usual experience of students from other schools who had labored memorizing endless "equations" that his clear analysis changed chemistry for them from a difficult "blind" subject to a pleasant and profitable one. His kindness and almost feminine gentleness endeared him to fifty classes of
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ordered Walter Haines to perform autopsies on
William Chrisman Swope (December 30, 1909) and Thomas Hunton Swope (January 12, 1910). Haines reported that Thomas Hunton Swope's body contained lethal amounts of strychnine and cyanide. Hyde was tried and convicted of the murder of Thomas Swope on May
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The fragments that struck the two officers were similar. They did not perfectly match the samples from the unexploded bombs, but Haines suggested that they were made by similar processes involving melting lead and other metals, then casting it in clay molds to form a bomb casing. Haines argued that
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The question facing Haines and
Delafontaine was whether the materials from the exploded bomb were similar in terms of their chemical composition to the materials in the defendant's possession. Anyone who was party to the plan could be held responsible for its consequences under Illinois law if it
383:
The first person in the Swope household to die was James Moss Hunton, a cousin of
Margaret Swope's late husband Logan; he had lived with the family before and after Logan's death. He was a banker, and he managed Logan's estate and was the executor for Thomas Hunton Swope's will. He and Swope had
272:, among others. He served on the Committee on Revision of the U.S. Pharmacopeia, an official national reference book for pharmaceutical standards and practice, from 1900 to 1920. He also served on the Illinois State Food Standard Commission; and the Illinois Commission on Industrial Diseases.
423:
Hyde appealed the decision, and the
Missouri Supreme Court overturned the verdict on procedural grounds on April 11, 1911 and called for a retrial. Hyde's wife Frances supported him through extensive court proceedings, which included at least two mistrials, one possible bribery attempt, and
414:
James Moss Hunton, Thomas Hunton Swope, and
William Chrisman Swope had all died after questionable treatment by Bennett Clark Hyde. Suspicions mounted, and investigators linked Hyde to the purchase of cyanide capsules and typhoid cultures. Coroner
368:, a substance that Luetgert had purchased prior to Louisa's disappearance. The resultant remains were similar to those found in the sausage factory. The court determined that Louisa Luetgert was dead and convicted Adolph Luetgert of her murder.
363:
Haines testified that the remains found by the police were physically consistent with the suspected method of disposing of Louisa's body. Haines reported that he had tested this by boiling down three cadavers in solutions of
279:. In 1922, the Alumni Association recognized Haines' long teaching career by presenting him with a gold watch and announced that they planned to establish a Walter S. Haines Fund for the library of Rush Medical College.
336:
The prosecutors could not prove that any of the eight defendants threw the bomb, but they convicted them nonetheless. Lingg committed suicide in his cell with a blasting cap, smuggled inside a cigar. August Spies,
391:
to remove pressure on the brain. Bennett Clark Hyde carried out the blood-letting and insisted on bleeding him heavily, in spite of objections from nurse Pearl Kellar and Dr. George Twyman. Hunton died.
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recently been discussing the possibility of changes to the will; Swope was considering giving more of his huge fortune to charity, which would leave less of it to divide among his surviving family.
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and Emma Adams (Fay) Haines of
Chicago. His father was an ardent abolitionist and held the position of mayor of Chicago for two terms (1858–1860). Walter was one of four children. He graduated from
910:"February 9, 1910 Convulsions told of by the nurse. Testifies That Capsule Was Given on Order of Dr. Hyde. Strychnine then used. Hypodermic Injections Made When Philanthropist Was Unconscious"
403:
On
Thanksgiving, November 25, 1909, the remaining members of the Swope and Hyde families ate Thanksgiving dinner at the Swope home. Within a week, nine of the Swopes were stricken with
897:
By Thomas Samuel Duke, Captain of Police, San Francisco; Published with Approval of the Honorable Board of Police Commissioners of San Francisco, 1910. (Public Domain Free Download)
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411:. Frances and William's sister Margaret also took a pill at Hyde's instruction and went into convulsions, but she recovered with treatment from Dr. George Twyman.
387:
On October 1, 1909, Hunton was taken suddenly and violently ill. He was apparently suffering from a cerebral hemorrhage, and a standard practice of the time was
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in 1873. Before graduating, he was offered the position of professor of chemistry at Chicago Medical College, which he held from 1872 to 1876. He interned at
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for two years, 1869–1871, but returned to Chicago as a result of illness. Changing his major from chemistry to medicine, he earned a medical degree from
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20 minutes later. His legs were stiff, his jaw was clenched, and his heart was racing. Hyde's treatment was to give Swope repeated injections of
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commercial lead samples did not include tin and suggested that the exploded and unexploded bombs had been made from a consistent "recipe".
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Haines continued to teach until his death on January 27, 1923, at Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago, Illinois. His death was attributed to
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967:(8th rev. ed.). Center for Counterproliferation Research, National Defense University, Fredonia Books. pp. 91–93.
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936:"Swope chemists find poison traces; Cipher Message Conveys News to Executor J.G. Paxton, Who Is Summoned to Chicago"
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An early forensic scientist, Haines testified in a number of sensational trials, including those relating to the
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a variety of different experimental techniques for examining evidence and testing possible forensic scenarios.
240:, and toxicology. He was acclaimed for both the quality of his teaching and his kind and sympathetic manner:
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Duke, Thomas Samuel (1910). "Dr. B. C. Hyde's diabolical plot to gain possession of Col. Swope's millions".
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students, and as a member of the faculty his influence moderated the asperities during many strenuous years.
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The Book of Chicagoans: A Biographical Dictionary of Leading Living Men of the City of Chicago 1911
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400:, which was sometimes used when the heart needed stimulation. Swope died within a few hours.
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in Chicago, which he accepted. Haines spent nearly fifty years there, teaching chemistry,
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688:. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois State Journal Company, State Printers. pp. 4–5
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146:(September 27, 1850 – January 27, 1923) was an American professor of chemistry,
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Deaths on Pleasant Street : the ghastly enigma of Colonel Swope and Doctor Hyde
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In 1916, Rush Medical College was presented with a portrait of Haines, painted by
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656:(2 vols., 1st ed.). Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders & company.
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Deaths on Pleasant Street: The Ghastly Enigma of Colonel Swope and Doctor Hyde
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In 1876, at age 26, Walter Haines was offered a professorship in chemistry at
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181:'s second wife Louisa in 1897, and the suspicious deaths in multimillionaire
685:
Tenth Annual Report of the State Food Commissioner of Illinois for year 1909
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964:
Bioterrorism and Biocrimes: The Illicit Use of Biological Agents Since 1900
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Haines was recognized as an authority in chemistry. He was a member of the
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Haines testified on July 30, 1886 at the trial of the men accused of the
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590:
McNally, William D. (April 1923). "Obituary – Walter Stanley Haines".
639:(2). Chicago: Illinois State Medical Society: 167–168. February 1923.
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999:
James A. Reed: Legendary Lawyer, Marplot in the United States Senate
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Peterson, Frederick; Haines, Walter S.; Webster, Ralph W. (1923).
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were hanged. The other defendants had their sentences commuted.
166:, he published a comprehensive guide to medicine and the law,
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for almost 50 years, and was acclaimed for his teaching. With
650:
Peterson, Frederick; Haines, Walter Stanley (1903–1904).
550:
Dodson, John M. (October 1923). Fishbein, Morris (ed.).
876:. San Francisco, CA: James H. Barry Company. pp.
193:
Walter Stanley Haines was born September 27, 1850, to
995:"Chapter 3: State of Missouri vs. Bennett Clark Hyde"
556:
Bulletin of the Society of Medical History of Chicago
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In late 1909, several deaths occurred in the home of
842:"Death of J. Moss Hunton, Cousin of Thomas H Swope"
216:in Chicago and also visited France to study at the
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1049:"Wife of Dr. Hyde, Alleged Slayer, Seeks Divorce"
820:. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press.
669:Legal medicine and toxicology by many specialists
440:. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press.
521:. Chicago: A. N. Marquis & Company. p.
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846:The Kansas City Times (Kansas City, Missouri)
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1162:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
671:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
653:A text-book of legal medicine and toxicology
255:A Textbook on Legal Medicine and Toxicology
168:A Textbook on Legal Medicine and Toxicology
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16:American forensic scientist and teacher
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206:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
201:in 1869, ranking first in his class.
99:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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873:Celebrated Criminal Cases of America
170:, which went through many editions.
1023:"Swope Poison Case Must be Retried"
1152:Feinberg School of Medicine alumni
552:"Walter Stanley Haines, 1850–1923"
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353:Disappearance of Louisa Luetgert
1167:Northwestern University faculty
714:. November 11, 1887. p. 2.
515:Marquis, Albert Nelson (1911).
325:also had access to explosives.
736:. Princeton University Press.
177:of 1886, the disappearance of
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940:Special to The New York Times
1177:Rush Medical College faculty
1113:Resources in other libraries
1089:Resources in other libraries
494:Hicks, Jesse (Spring 2013).
266:American Medical Association
993:Cronan, J. Michael (2018).
848:. 2 October 1909. p. 5
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270:Chemical Society of London
1108:Resources in your library
1084:Resources in your library
710:"Lingg's Fearful Death".
682:Jones, Alfred H. (1910).
294:Forensics and criminology
262:American Chemical Society
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1172:Physicians from Illinois
1097:By Walter Stanley Haines
633:Illinois Medical Journal
189:Early life and education
1182:Scientists from Chicago
961:Carus, W. Seth (2002).
914:The Kansas City Journal
210:Chicago Medical College
204:Walter Haines attended
128:Chicago Medical College
103:Chicago Medical College
814:Fowler, Giles (2009).
434:Fowler, Giles (2009).
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1075:Walter Stanley Haines
732:The Haymarket tragedy
728:Avrich, Paul (1986).
496:"Return to the scene"
144:Walter Stanley Haines
23:Walter Stanley Haines
779:The Kansas City Star
234:Rush Medical College
156:Rush Medical College
132:Rush Medical College
1157:Forensic scientists
604:10.1021/ie50160a048
378:Thomas Hunton Swope
253:, Haines published
199:Chicago High School
195:John Charles Haines
185:'s family in 1909.
183:Thomas Hunton Swope
1055:. October 3, 1920.
1027:The New York Times
942:. January 29, 1910
916:. February 9, 1910
251:Frederick Peterson
164:Frederick Peterson
48:September 27, 1850
1070:Library resources
315:Haymarket bombing
309:Haymarket bombing
175:Haymarket bombing
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110:Scientific career
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319:Louis Lingg
87:Nationality
1136:Categories
743:0691006008
598:(4): 425.
456:References
420:16, 1910.
409:meningitis
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1035:2019
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