632:
been pursuing a benefice in the diocese of St
Andrews, and while he was granted this on 28 March 1351, the grant was still not effective by 16 April 1353, when he was granted a prebend in the diocese of Moray instead. This was not effective either, but Walter did eventually obtain a St Andrews diocese benefice, namely the church of Inverarity in Angus, which had become vacant on the death of its incumbent, William de Coventre, probably Walter's older brother. On 7 December 1345, Walter was appointed (provided) as
299:, was the favoured destination, partly because of bad relations between Scotland and England. After their university education, some Scottish graduates chose to remain abroad and teach at a foreign university or to serve the papacy; most returned to Scotland and offered their services to the king, a magnate, or an ecclesiastical institution. The ultimate reward for such services was a bishopric, which brought wealth, prestige, and a "job for life".
676:
2562:
40:
2550:
259:. Walter was bishop for 10 years after returning home to Scotland. Records of his episcopate are thin, but there are enough to allow a modest reconstruction of his activities: he presided over legal disputes, issued a dispensation for an important irregular marriage, attended parliaments, and acted as an envoy of the Scottish crown in England. He died in either 1371 or 1372.
752:
2538:
803:, preserved in the original (as opposed to a later copy), recorded that Bishop Walter had been involved in settling a dispute involving Inchaffray, an abbey which lay in his diocese. Inchaffray's dispute was with Naomhán Mac Eóghainn (Nevin MacEwen) and his wife Mairead (Mariota). Under Abbot Symon de Scone, previous
344:; he remained in captivity until he was ransomed in 1357. David's exile in France corresponded with Walter's own period in that country, prompting one historian to suggest that Walter was part of David's court while both were in northern France, and that Walter subsequently benefited from the relationship.
890:
on 20 May 1365. King David travelled to London, where he resided in May and June, in order to take part in the negotiations. Walter and the rest of the embassy, which included four other bishops, were in London by June 1369, the month in which Edward agreed to a new truce. When it was ratified by the
791:
Recently a petition of the secular Prior and
Chapter for confirmation described how the Church was founded by lay patrons for a prior and five canons. At a later date some of the patrons were eager to augment its rents, and the number of canons was hopefully raised to ten. No such augmentation took
731:
Walter, bishop-elect, travelled to the papal court at
Avignon, and was provided (appointed) as bishop by Pope Innocent on 18 June 1361. The papal letter of provision expressed displeasure that the chapter (by electing) and Walter (by accepting the election) were ignoring a previous papal reservation
861:
during his episcopate. He was present at the Scone parliament of 27 September 1367, which discussed royal revenues and relations with the
English crown. He was also present at the Scone parliament of June 1368, and the Perth parliament of 6 March 1369; the latter discussed royal business, relations
302:
Walter de
Coventre's life is not well documented. There are no biographies, and no histories or chronicles devote any space to him. His activities can be traced only through a small number of incidental references in legal deeds, church documents and papal records. No modern historian has written a
882:, and other Highland lords, were ordered to impose greater control in their regions. Bishop Walter took part in two parliamentary committees, the first a clerical committee devoted to general business, and the second a judicial committee authorised to review earlier legal judgments in the kingdom.
275:
Walter de
Coventre was typical of a new class of men in 14th-century Scotland, the university-educated career cleric from the lower nobility. Such men often acquired university education through their family resources, through the patronage of more substantial nobles, or through church influence,
666:
to carry out the pastoral work. Walter remained as a teacher and official at Orléans, perhaps without returning to
Scotland at all, until the late 1350s, by when he would have been absent from his native country for more than 25 years. In an Aberdeen document dated 12 July 1356, it was noted
631:
with expectation of a prebend, but does not appear to have obtained this in practice, although he did obtain a different
Dunkeld canonry with prebend on 12 May 1352. This he retained until his consecration as Bishop of Dunblane in 1361. Walter also obtained a fourth prebend in this period. He had
885:
The parliament's discussions on Anglo-Scottish relations preceded peace negotiations later in the year, at which Bishop Walter was one of the
Scottish envoys. There was some urgency behind the matter, in view of the impending end to the five-year Anglo-Scottish truce agreed by King
822:. Here Naomhán and Mairead agreed to accept a payment of 40 marks in exchange for returning the documents of ownership given to them by the abbot and for acknowledging the abbey's ownership. The couple pledged to honour the agreement by swearing an oath on the chapel's
898:
Walter attended the Perth parliament of 18 February 1370, and was named as one of the members of a special committee "for the deliberation concerning the consideration of common justice". He is mentioned for the last time swearing fealty to the new king, Robert II, at his
727:
to be the new bishop. On his election, Walter possessed no benefices in the diocese, and had had none since giving up his
Abernethy prebend a decade before. However, it was probably the diocese of his birth, and he had almost become archdeacon of the diocese in 1345.
782:
The remainder of his episcopate is not well documented. His only surviving episcopal deed was issued at Abernethy on 8 February 1365. The deed authorised the reduction of canons at Abernethy Collegiate Church from ten to five, adding the consent of the patroness
624:, he lost his Abernethy benefice at some point between 20 December 1348 and 28 March 1351. During that period he obtained another unnamed prebend in exchange for the Abernethy prebend. Walter is only the second known canon of Abernethy Collegiate Church.
421:
Watt suggested that all three were brothers, John the first-born, William the second-born, and Walter the youngest of the three. He further suggested that the family was probably closely connected to Margaret de Abernethy, heiress of the
380:
There is no direct evidence of de Coventre's family, but two other men bearing the name "de Coventre" are known to have been active during Walter's lifetime. A "John de Coventre" is found registered as a student at the
417:
of Abernethy, when he was granted the church of Inverarity that had previously been held by John de Coventre. William thus appears to have succeeded John (and later Walter succeeded William) to all of these benefices.
838:, where the couple were forced under the threat of severe penalties to swear again never to renew their claim. The decision was sealed by the witnesses, including Bishop Walter, at a Perth church on 30 November 1365.
339:
in northern France for much of his exile, until he could return to Scotland in 1341. In 1346, in response to a plea from France to come to its aid, David led an army into England only to be taken prisoner at
679:
A 19th-century map of the diocese of Dunblane and its surrounding dioceses. Abernethy, although physically separate from most of the rest of the diocese of Dunblane, was nevertheless part of that diocese.
792:
place, and because of wars, fires and ruin the Prior and Chapter were brought to straits. Bishop Walter, therefore, with the assent of the patrons and King David, reduced the canons to five.
735:
Walter may have been consecrated soon after, probably by 23 August. It was on that date that he presented a roll of petitions to the Pope on behalf of several Scotsmen, including
2607:
280:
and his court. Patronage gave access to the resources needed to finance the considerable expense of a 14th-century university education, particularly through the presentation of
327:. Coming to the throne at age five, King David was driven into exile in France at the age of ten. In the 1330s, civil war raged in Scotland as those loyal to David fought
1163:, p. 114; the Ross and Abernethy benefices are uncertain because they are not known by name, but the unique combination cannot very likely be down to coincidence.
662:
These benefices provided an income without the obligation to perform any pastoral services. Their revenues were assigned to pay for his studies, leaving poorly paid
320:(1959) devoted seven less extensively sourced pages, but they emphasized the analysis of a few events during de Coventre's episcopate, and the events of his time.
2125:
2227:
540:
of Civil Law by that point, because in the following year, on 22 November 1350, he is found as such acting as the Regent of Orléans presenting a candidate for
743:. On 20 September, Bishop Walter made a "promise of services" to the papacy, the first payment of which was delivered to Avignon in 1363 by Walter's proctor.
651:
in orders. The deanery had been made vacant by the death of the long-serving Gilbert Fleming. Although in July the Pope had given it as an extra prebend for
903:
parliament at Scone on 27 March 1371. Walter de Coventre must have died later in 1371 or in very early 1372, because on 27 April 1372, the Pope appointed
188:), where a family with the name de Coventre is known to have lived. Walter appeared in the records for the first time in the 1330s, as a student at the
2597:
1818:
Church, Chronicle and Learning in Medieval Scotland: Essays Presented to Donald Watt on the Completion of the Publication of Bower's Scotichronicon
1754:
Church, Chronicle and Learning in Medieval Scotland: Essays Presented to Donald Watt on the Completion of the Publication of Bower's Scotichronicon
2612:
784:
1966:
Charters, Bulls and Other Documents relating to the Abbey of Inchaffray Chiefly from the Originals in the Charter Chest of the Earl of Kinnoull
1956:
Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis; Munimenta Ecclesie Metropolitane Glasguensis a Sede Restaurata Seculo Incunte Xii Ad Reformatam Religionem
268:
696:, on 9 July 1358. He may have returned a year earlier, as a document dated sometime between November 1357 and April 1359 records him in the
1816:(1999), "'Rare Creatures for their Age': Alexander and David Guthrie, Graduate Lairds and Royal Servants", in Crawford, Barbara E. (ed.),
1752:
Barrell, A. D. M. (1999), "Papal Provisions in Scotland in the Fourteenth and Early Fifteenth Centuries", in Crawford, Barbara E. (ed.),
2602:
2434:
180:. There is no direct evidence of his birthdate, his family, or his family's origin, although he may have come from the region around
2220:
2058:
2040:
2003:
1985:
1941:
1902:
1870:
1846:
1825:
1803:
1782:
1761:
846:
On 13 March 1366, Walter was commissioned by the papacy to authorise dispensation for the irregular marriage between John Stewart,
426:. Margaret had patronage over both the church of Abernethy and, as probable owner of the barony of Inverarity, the church there.
52:
220:
in Scotland. Despite holding perhaps more than five benefices at one stage, he did not return to Scotland until the late 1350s.
548:. By 28 March 1351, he possessed a Bachelorate in Decrees (canon law). This was perhaps why on 16 April 1353, he obtained from
514:
814:
Under the new abbot, Abbot John, the abbey sought the return of those lands. The case appears to have gone to Bishop Walter's
875:
357:
James Hutchison Cockburn, a historian of Dunblane's medieval bishops, assumed that Walter's surname derived from the town of
1925:
The Bishops of Scotland : Being Notes on the Lives of All the Bishops, under Each of the Sees, Prior to the Reformation
732:
of the bishopric. Pope Innocent quashed the election, but nevertheless agreed to appoint (provide) Walter to the bishopric.
2528:
231:. From there he became engaged in high-level ecclesiastical affairs with the Scottish church and political affairs with
2592:
2582:
2297:
2213:
609:
370:
341:
303:
monograph about him, and the most extensive attempt to reconstruct his life in modern literature is a two-page entry in
181:
1490:, no. 135, pp. 127–30, with English abstract at pp. 231–2; an analysis of the case can be found in Cockburn,
2017:
1770:
1635:
1614:
1593:
656:
991:
A detailed survey, although regarding 12th- and 13th-century England, but still relevant, can be found in Bartlett,
1791:
613:
410:
2474:
2449:
2053:, The Scottish Record Society, New Series, Volume 25 (Revised ed.), Edinburgh: The Scottish Record Society,
1855:
Brown, Michael; Boardman, Steve (2005), "Survival and Revival: Late Medieval Scotland", in Wormald, Jenny (ed.),
1834:
879:
495:
1685:
2454:
1879:
831:
712:. He appears again on 4 September 1359, witnessing another charter of Earl Thomas at the latter's residence of
502:
313:
232:
2160:
647:, a high-ranking office which Walter was not technically eligible to hold without a papal grace, being only a
644:
506:
228:
193:
124:
807:, the abbey had given some lands in exchange for 40 marks to Mairead's father Maol Mhuire (Malmoran) of
2482:
2464:
2391:
2369:
636:, his most substantial benefice to date, but the appointment does not appear to have been carried through.
521:
as an envoy of his university, and while there he obtained a grace regarding his own benefice holding from
2439:
2385:
2302:
858:
851:
633:
201:
1676:, p. 115; Penman omits Walter from the list of bishops in London, but Cockburn and Watt include him.
517:
in Orléans. By 7 December 1345, he had received a Licentiate in Civil Law. On 20 December 1348 he was at
483:
2587:
2497:
2492:
2459:
2428:
2334:
2329:
2317:
2276:
2271:
2180:
887:
720:
398:
100:
72:
755:
A document confirming the surrender of deeds by Naomhán Mac Eóghainn and his wife, which Walter oversaw
498:
by 1335, because of gaps in the Paris records it is not certain that he was a Master until April 1345.
332:
796:
The changes were confirmed by the Pope on 31 October 1375, several years after Bishop Walter's death.
2422:
2396:
2354:
2307:
2266:
2256:
768:
552:
another grace for himself. Precisely when he obtained his doctorate is unclear, but he was D. U. J. (
324:
2349:
2323:
2312:
2287:
2170:
804:
736:
693:
652:
382:
374:
336:
189:
82:
709:
2554:
2414:
2292:
2282:
2236:
2187:
1950:
871:
863:
827:
819:
815:
628:
621:
292:
244:
31:
688:
Walter cannot be traced back in Scotland with certainty before his appearance as a witness to a
2364:
2261:
2119:
2064:
2054:
2036:
1999:
1981:
1937:
1898:
1866:
1842:
1821:
1799:
1778:
1757:
867:
772:
740:
724:
423:
414:
236:
209:
185:
616:, northern Scotland, which he was holding by 12 April 1345. None of these benefices, neither
2542:
2359:
800:
713:
549:
544:. Having studied civil law for the highest qualification available, de Coventre moved on to
479:
2566:
2156:
2138:
1813:
847:
835:
640:
620:
nor office, are known by name. While Walter would retain his Ross benefice until becoming
530:
522:
394:
224:
120:
1968:, Publications of the Scottish History Society, Volume 56, Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable
1954:
608:
Walter's first known benefices were a canonry (with prebend) in the Collegiate Church of
787:. These details are also recorded in a papal letter to the Bishop of St Andrews in 1373:
2444:
2029:
1892:
639:
Walter obtained one more benefice during this period. On 20 December 1348, he was made
401:. On 7 December 1345, a William de Coventre, also from the diocese of Dunblane, held a
328:
385:
on 21 January 1331. Before December 1341, when he resigned, John de Coventre held the
2576:
2502:
2380:
2375:
2344:
2250:
2197:
2024:
1894:
Medieval Religious Houses: Scotland With an Appendix on the Houses in the Isle of Man
1862:
1856:
904:
705:
386:
305:
110:
675:
267:
1973:
900:
256:
177:
759:
Walter had returned to Scotland by 30 June 1362, when his presence is attested at
39:
2487:
1920:
776:
2549:
1964:
Lindsay, William Alexander; Dowden, John; Thomson, John Maitland, eds. (1908),
1738:, p. 101; he was said in papal documents to have "died outside the curia".
659:, this had been cancelled by 20 December, when it was given to Walter instead.
331:
and his English backers. In some sense, the conflict became a side-show of the
287:
Scotland had no universities in de Coventre's time, requiring travel either to
808:
697:
648:
390:
2076:
2068:
892:
572:
1345 (or before) until between 1348 and 1351: Abernethy canonry and prebend
545:
537:
213:
205:
1839:
The Black Douglases: War and Lordship in Late Medieval Scotland, 1300–1455
323:
During most of de Coventre's recorded lifetime Scotland was ruled by King
491:
358:
281:
240:
217:
197:
130:
751:
361:
in England. D. E. R. Watt has suggested that the medieval settlement of
1798:, The Stewart Dynasty in Scotland Series, East Linton: Tuckwell Press,
823:
764:
760:
689:
541:
518:
510:
406:
402:
288:
252:
46:
2205:
196:, initially as a student before becoming a lecturer there. He studied
701:
617:
526:
296:
248:
2016:
On-line database prepared by the Scottish Parliament Project of the
295:
to acquire a university education. Continental Europe, particularly
1936:, The New History of Scotland, vol. 3, London: Edward Arnold,
1915:, Scottish Record Society, vol. 93, Edinburgh: Neill & Co. Ltd
826:. The case then proceeded to a hearing held under Robert Stewart,
750:
674:
663:
266:
271:
Portrait of David II, king of the Scots for most of Walter's life
487:
277:
2209:
775:, along with his cathedral chapter, agreed to put a dispute to
472:
Between 1351 and 1359: Doctor of Both Laws (Canon & Civil)
2075:
Webster, Bruce (2004), "David II (1324–1371), king of Scots",
2031:
A Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Graduates to A.D. 1410
1796:
The Early Stewart Kings: Robert II and Robert III, 1371–1406
895:
on 20 July, Bishop Walter was again present, as a witness.
767:. The document in which Walter is mentioned recorded that
490:, 1333. Although he had probably completed a Licentiate in
310:
Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Graduates to A.D. 1410
1777:, New Oxford History of England, Oxford: Clarendon Press,
563:
438:
965:
Brown & Boardman, "Survival and Revival", p. 91.
723:, Bishop of Dunblane, Walter was elected by the Dunblane
2012:
216:. His studies were paid for, at least partially, by his
2102:
467:
Between 1350 and 1351: Bachelor in Decrees (Canon Law)
567:
1345 (or before) until 1361: Ross canonry and prebend
2526:
1775:
England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075–1225
857:
Bishop Walter attended at least five meetings of the
587:
1351–1353: Failed provision to a St Andrews benefice
223:
Following his return to Scotland, Walter soon became
1886:, Dunblane: Society of Friends of Dunblane Cathedral
948:
Barrell, "Papal Provisions", p. 218; Cockburn,
597:
1353: Failed provision to Moray canonry and prebend
2473:
2413:
2406:
2243:
2051:
Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638
577:1345: Failed provision to Archdeaconry of Dunblane
163:
155:
150:
142:
137:
116:
106:
96:
88:
78:
68:
23:
2028:
2013:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
1980:, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus Publishing Ltd,
627:On 12 April 1345, he was granted a canonry in the
1884:The Medieval Bishops of Dunblane and their Church
62:"Lord Walter, by God's grace, Bishop of Dunblane"
1934:Independence and Nationhood: Scotland, 1306–1469
176:(died 1371 or 1372) was a 14th-century Scottish
1998:, Edinburgh: Tuckwell Press Ltd / John Donald,
457:Between 1337 and 1345: Licentiate in Civil Law
2104:Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
1897:(2nd ed.), London and New York: Longman,
509:, and by 24 March 1337, he was serving as the
447:Between 1333 and 1335: Licentiate in the Arts
409:(a cathedral priesthood with stipends) in the
284:, gifts of land or income made by the church.
57:domino Waltero dei Gracia Episcopo Dunblanensi
2221:
602:c. 1353–1361: Inverarity parish (St Andrews)
556:), Doctor of Both Laws, by 4 September 1359.
529:to Walter allowing him to be absent from his
525:. On 7 October 1349, Pope Clement granted an
8:
2608:14th-century Scottish Roman Catholic bishops
2049:Watt, D. E. R.; Murray, A. L., eds. (2003),
1959:, vol. i, Edinburgh: The Bannatyne Club
1861:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.
1820:, Edinburgh: Mercat Press, pp. 227–33,
1756:, Edinburgh: Mercat Press, pp. 215–25,
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
318:Medieval Bishop of Dunblane and their Church
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1274:, s.v. "Coventre, William de", for details.
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1083:
1081:
533:while he continued his studies at Orléans.
2410:
2228:
2214:
2206:
2134:
2124:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1045:
1043:
993:England under the Norman and Angevin Kings
452:Between 1333 and 1345: Master in the Arts
38:
20:
2150:Annibald de Ceccano (provision cancelled)
2101:Scottish Parliament Project (2007–2015),
684:Return to Scotland and episcopal election
1891:Cowan, Ian B.; Easson, David E. (1976),
667:that he was still absent from his post.
251:to secure confirmation from the Pope at
2533:
2078:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1482:Latin document can be found at Lindsay
915:
592:1352–1361: Dunkeld canonry and prebend
167:Between 27 March 1371 and 27 April 1372
2117:
1923:(1912), Thomson, John Maitland (ed.),
1016:
1014:
982:, for details and individual examples.
1621:, Date accessed: 2 March 2008; Watt,
1600:, Date accessed: 2 March 2008; Watt,
907:to the vacant bishopric of Dunblane.
462:By October 1349: Doctor in Civil Law
424:old lay abbots and lords of Abernethy
7:
2517:§: non-consecrated or titular bishop
1422:, vol. i, no. 299, pp. 265–8; Watt,
442:By Lent, 1333: Bachelor in the Arts
1927:, Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons
1688:Date accessed: 2 March 2008; Watt,
1551:Charters, Bulls and Other Documents
1530:Charters, Bulls and Other Documents
1509:Charters, Bulls and Other Documents
1488:Charters, Bulls and Other Documents
1469:, p. 106; Cowan & Easson,
1734:, p. 115; Watt & Murray,
1713:, p. 115; Watt & Murray,
1405:, p. 114; Watt & Murray,
1371:, p. 114; Watt & Murray,
1300:, p. 105; Watt & Murray,
146:Between 18 June and 23 August 1361
16:14th-century Scottish ecclesiastic
14:
1913:The Parishes of Medieval Scotland
1420:Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis
818:, which he held at the chapel of
235:. Sometime before June 1361, the
2560:
2548:
2536:
1978:The Kings and Queens of Scotland
486:from the University of Paris by
1841:, East Linton: Tuckwell Press,
1104:, p. 114; see also Cowan,
719:Following the death in 1361 of
582:1348–1361: Deanery of Aberdeen
353:Origins and personal background
192:. From there he went on to the
87:
2613:Scottish expatriates in France
1642:, Date accessed: 2 March 2008.
276:particularly support from the
45:Walter's name as written on a
1:
1553:, pp. 128–30; Cockburn,
2598:University of Orléans alumni
1532:, pp. 127–8; Cockburn,
1004:See sources listed in Watt,
859:Scottish national parliament
377:was the origin of the name.
2035:, Oxford: Clarendon Press,
2018:University of Saint Andrews
1636:Perth, Parliament, 1369/3/5
1615:Perth, Parliament, 1369/3/5
1594:Scone, Parliament, 1367/9/1
1244:, p. 204, n. 2; Watt,
1206:, p. 204, n. 2; Watt,
954:Independence and Nationhood
924:Independence and Nationhood
870:, and law and order in the
834:(later King Robert II), at
785:Margaret, Countess of Angus
657:Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum
536:He may already have been a
2629:
2603:University of Paris alumni
2020:. Cited as RPS, with date.
1511:, p. 127; .Cockburn,
854:) and Annabella Drummond.
2515:
2194:
2185:
2177:
2167:
2154:
2144:
2137:
1932:Grant, Alexander (1984),
1880:Cockburn, James Hutchison
1471:Medieval Religious Houses
1259:Medieval Religious Houses
1176:, pp. 113, 114, 115.
952:, pp. 104–5; Grant,
880:Uilleam III, Earl of Ross
37:
30:
2407:Post-Reformation Bishops
1994:Penman, Michael (2004),
1672:, pp. 384–5; Watt,
1367:, pp. 203–4; Watt,
832:High Steward of Scotland
314:James Hutchison Cockburn
2244:Pre-Reformation Bishops
1705:, p. 111; Dowden,
1668:, p. 111; Penman,
1388:, p. 104; Dowden,
1363:, p. 104; Dowden,
1240:, p. 105; Dowden,
878:, Thomas, Earl of Mar,
478:De Coventre received a
335:, and David resided at
208:, and was awarded many
2139:Catholic Church titles
1911:Cowan, Ian B. (1967),
1223:, p. 204, n. 2; Watt,
794:
756:
708:in Angus) assisting a
680:
634:Archdeacon of Dunblane
554:doctor utriusque juris
272:
2335:William de Cambuslang
2330:Maurice of Inchaffray
2318:Richard de Pontefract
2277:Radulf (bishop-elect)
2272:Abraham of Strathearn
2181:William de Cambuslang
1730:, p. 204; Watt,
1709:, p. 204; Watt,
1439:, p. 106; Watt,
888:Edward III of England
789:
754:
721:William de Cambuslang
678:
612:and a prebend in the
507:University of Orléans
501:He moved on to study
399:diocese of St Andrews
270:
255:, who authorised his
194:University of Orléans
101:William de Cambuslang
73:Roman Catholic Church
2355:Fionnlagh MacCailein
2308:Nicholas of Arbroath
2267:Jonathan of Dunblane
2257:Laurence of Dunblane
1812:Borthwick, Alan R.;
1655:, pp. 337, 381.
1452:Quoted in Cockburn,
1257:Cowan & Easson,
1248:, pp. 114, 115.
1189:, pp. 114, 115.
1049:Webster, "David II".
2593:Bishops of Dunblane
2583:14th-century births
2324:Roger de Balnebrich
2313:Nicholas de Balmyle
2303:AlpĂn of Strathearn
2288:Clement of Dunblane
2237:Bishops of Dunblane
2171:Michael de Monymusk
1951:Innes, Cosmo Nelson
1858:Scotland: A History
1814:MacQueen, Hector L.
1346:Watt & Murray,
1313:Watt & Murray,
1283:Watt & Murray,
995:, pp. 377–412.
805:Abbot of Inchaffray
737:Michael de Monymusk
694:Thomas, Earl of Mar
653:Annibald de Ceccano
484:John de Waltirstone
383:University of Paris
375:diocese of Dunblane
190:University of Paris
83:Diocese of Dunblane
2475:Scottish Episcopal
2415:Church of Scotland
2340:Walter de Coventre
2293:Robert de Prebenda
2283:Osbert of Dunblane
2192:1361–1371 or 1372
2188:Bishop of Dunblane
1494:, pp. 108–10.
1202:, p. 105; Dowden,
1062:pp. 118, 120.
1037:, pp. 104–11.
872:Scottish Highlands
864:Kingdom of England
828:Earl of Strathearn
816:consistorial court
757:
681:
671:Bishop of Dunblane
645:Aberdeen Cathedral
629:diocese of Dunkeld
622:Bishop of Dunblane
333:Hundred Years' War
293:Continental Europe
273:
245:Bishop of Dunblane
229:Aberdeen Cathedral
210:university degrees
174:Walter de Coventre
32:Bishop of Dunblane
25:Walter de Coventre
2522:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2365:Michael Ochiltree
2262:Simon of Dunblane
2204:
2203:
2195:Succeeded by
2168:Succeeded by
2151:
2147:Gilbert Fleming /
1996:David II, 1329–71
1792:Boardman, Stephen
1536:, pp. 108–9.
1121:, pp. 113–4.
1024:, pp. 114–5.
1008:, pp. 114–5.
868:Kingdom of Norway
773:Bishop of Glasgow
741:Bishop of Dunkeld
725:cathedral chapter
606:
605:
476:
475:
415:Collegiate Church
237:cathedral chapter
186:Perth and Kinross
171:
170:
92:1361–1371 or 1372
63:
59:
2620:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2553:
2552:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2450:James Wedderburn
2429:William Chisholm
2423:William Chisholm
2411:
2397:William Chisholm
2360:William Stephani
2350:DĂşghall of Lorne
2230:
2223:
2216:
2207:
2178:Preceded by
2149:
2145:Preceded by
2135:
2129:
2123:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2071:
2045:
2034:
2008:
1990:
1969:
1960:
1946:
1928:
1916:
1907:
1887:
1875:
1851:
1830:
1808:
1787:
1771:Bartlett, Robert
1766:
1739:
1724:
1718:
1703:Medieval Bishops
1699:
1693:
1683:
1677:
1666:Medieval Bishops
1662:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1632:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1590:
1584:
1581:Medieval Bishops
1577:
1571:
1568:Medieval Bishops
1564:
1558:
1555:Medieval Bishops
1543:
1537:
1534:Medieval Bishops
1522:
1516:
1513:Medieval Bishops
1501:
1495:
1492:Medieval Bishops
1480:
1474:
1467:Medieval Bishops
1463:
1457:
1454:Medieval Bishops
1450:
1444:
1437:Medieval Bishops
1433:
1427:
1416:
1410:
1399:
1393:
1386:Medieval Bishops
1382:
1376:
1361:Medieval Bishops
1357:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1331:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1298:Medieval Bishops
1294:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1255:
1249:
1238:Medieval Bishops
1234:
1228:
1217:
1211:
1200:Medieval Bishops
1196:
1190:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1098:
1092:
1089:Medieval Bishops
1085:
1076:
1069:
1063:
1060:Kings and Queens
1056:
1050:
1047:
1038:
1035:Medieval Bishops
1031:
1025:
1018:
1009:
1002:
996:
989:
983:
972:
966:
963:
957:
950:Medieval Bishops
946:
940:
933:
927:
926:, pp. 96–7.
920:
801:Inchaffray Abbey
747:Early episcopate
714:Kildrummy Castle
564:
550:Pope Innocent VI
513:of the Scottish
439:
337:Château Gaillard
308:
212:, including two
151:Personal details
129:+ various other
117:Previous post(s)
61:
44:
42:
21:
2628:
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2547:
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2535:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2507:
2469:
2455:Robert Leighton
2402:
2239:
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2200:
2191:
2183:
2173:
2164:
2152:
2148:
2133:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2083:
2081:
2074:
2061:
2048:
2043:
2023:
2006:
1993:
1988:
1972:
1963:
1949:
1944:
1931:
1919:
1910:
1905:
1890:
1878:
1873:
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1849:
1833:
1828:
1811:
1806:
1790:
1785:
1769:
1764:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1736:Fasti Ecclesiae
1725:
1721:
1715:Fasti Ecclesiae
1700:
1696:
1684:
1680:
1663:
1659:
1650:
1646:
1634:Brown, et al.,
1633:
1629:
1613:Brown, et al.,
1612:
1608:
1592:Brown, et al.,
1591:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1561:
1544:
1540:
1523:
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1447:
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1430:
1417:
1413:
1407:Fasti Ecclesiae
1400:
1396:
1383:
1379:
1373:Fasti Ecclesiae
1358:
1354:
1348:Fasti Ecclesiae
1345:
1341:
1332:
1321:
1315:Fasti Ecclesiae
1312:
1308:
1302:Fasti Ecclesiae
1295:
1291:
1285:Fasti Ecclesiae
1282:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1235:
1231:
1218:
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1197:
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1041:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1012:
1003:
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986:
973:
969:
964:
960:
947:
943:
937:Black Douglases
934:
930:
921:
917:
913:
852:King Robert III
848:Earl of Carrick
844:
749:
686:
673:
614:diocese of Ross
562:
523:Pope Clement VI
437:
432:
411:diocese of Ross
355:
350:
342:Neville's Cross
306:D. E. R. Watt's
304:
265:
233:the Earl of Mar
184:(in modern-day
128:
64:
60:
50:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2516:
2513:
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2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2483:Robert Douglas
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2465:Robert Douglas
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2445:Adam Bellenden
2442:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2419:
2417:
2408:
2404:
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2400:
2394:
2392:James Chisholm
2389:
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2378:
2373:
2370:Walter Stewart
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2357:
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2131:
2097:
2095:
2094:External links
2092:
2090:
2089:
2072:
2059:
2046:
2041:
2025:Watt, D. E. R.
2021:
2009:
2004:
1991:
1986:
1976:, ed. (2001),
1970:
1961:
1953:, ed. (1843),
1947:
1942:
1929:
1917:
1908:
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1876:
1871:
1852:
1847:
1835:Brown, Michael
1831:
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1809:
1804:
1788:
1783:
1767:
1762:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1719:
1717:, p. 101.
1694:
1692:, p. 115.
1686:RPS, 1370/2/3.
1678:
1657:
1644:
1627:
1625:, p. 115.
1606:
1604:, p. 115.
1585:
1583:, p. 111.
1572:
1570:, p. 108.
1559:
1557:, p. 109.
1538:
1517:
1515:, p. 110.
1496:
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1473:, p. 213.
1458:
1456:, p. 106.
1445:
1443:, p. 115.
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1409:, p. 101.
1394:
1392:, p. 204.
1377:
1375:, p. 101.
1352:
1350:, p. 101.
1339:
1337:, p. 115.
1319:
1306:
1289:
1287:, p. 117.
1276:
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1227:, p. 114.
1212:
1210:, p. 114.
1191:
1178:
1165:
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1110:
1093:
1091:, p. 105.
1077:
1064:
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1039:
1026:
1010:
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984:
967:
958:
941:
939:, p. 195.
928:
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909:
876:Robert Stewart
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2376:Robert Lauder
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2019:
2015:
2014:
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2005:0-85976-603-9
2001:
1997:
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1987:0-7524-1991-9
1983:
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1974:Oram, Richard
1971:
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1429:
1426:, p. 115
1425:
1421:
1418:Innes (ed.),
1415:
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905:Andrew Magnus
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95:
91:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
58:
54:
48:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
19:
2588:1370s deaths
2524:
2498:Charles Rose
2493:Robert White
2460:James Ramsay
2339:
2186:
2155:
2109:, retrieved
2107:, St Andrews
2103:
2082:, retrieved
2077:
2050:
2030:
2011:
1995:
1977:
1965:
1955:
1933:
1924:
1921:Dowden, John
1912:
1893:
1883:
1857:
1838:
1817:
1795:
1774:
1753:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1347:
1342:
1334:
1317:, p. 9.
1314:
1309:
1304:, p. 9.
1301:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1118:
1113:
1108:, p. 3.
1105:
1101:
1096:
1088:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1034:
1029:
1021:
1005:
1000:
992:
987:
979:
975:
970:
961:
953:
949:
944:
936:
931:
923:
918:
897:
884:
856:
850:(much later
845:
813:
798:
795:
790:
781:
758:
734:
730:
718:
710:justice ayre
687:
661:
638:
626:
607:
553:
535:
500:
477:
420:
379:
366:
362:
356:
322:
317:
309:
301:
286:
274:
257:consecration
243:elected him
222:
178:ecclesiastic
173:
172:
143:Consecration
56:
18:
2555:Catholicism
2488:John Gillan
842:Final years
820:Innerpeffry
777:arbitration
769:William Rae
127:(1348–1361)
97:Predecessor
2577:Categories
2165:1348–1361
1745:References
1732:Dictionary
1711:Dictionary
1701:Cockburn,
1690:Dictionary
1674:Dictionary
1664:Cockburn,
1623:Dictionary
1602:Dictionary
1579:Cockburn,
1566:Cockburn,
1465:Cockburn,
1441:Dictionary
1435:Cockburn,
1424:Dictionary
1403:Dictionary
1384:Cockburn,
1369:Dictionary
1359:Cockburn,
1335:Dictionary
1296:Cockburn,
1272:Dictionary
1270:See Watt,
1246:Dictionary
1236:Cockburn,
1225:Dictionary
1208:Dictionary
1198:Cockburn,
1187:Dictionary
1174:Dictionary
1161:Dictionary
1119:Dictionary
1102:Dictionary
1087:Cockburn,
1033:Cockburn,
1022:Dictionary
1006:Dictionary
976:Dictionary
974:See Watt,
809:Glencarnie
698:sheriffdom
649:sub-deacon
430:Early life
391:Inverarity
263:Background
214:doctorates
133:(see text)
2543:Biography
2069:0143-9448
1261:, p. 215.
901:accession
893:Edinburgh
891:Scots at
862:with the
739:, future
610:Abernethy
560:Benefices
546:canon law
503:civil law
435:Education
397:, in the
371:Abernethy
367:Covintrie
348:Biography
316:, in his
282:benefices
218:benefices
206:canon law
202:civil law
182:Abernethy
131:benefices
107:Successor
89:In office
2567:Scotland
2161:Aberdeen
2120:citation
2027:(1977),
1882:(1959),
1837:(1998),
1794:(1996),
1773:(2000),
1726:Dowden,
1670:David II
1653:David II
1651:Penman,
1545:Lindsay
1524:Lindsay
1503:Lindsay
1219:Dowden,
1106:Parishes
1073:David II
1071:Penman,
866:and the
492:the Arts
413:and the
407:prebends
363:Coventre
359:Coventry
325:David II
312:(1977).
241:Dunblane
198:the arts
125:Aberdeen
49:of 1365:
2529:Portals
2298:William
2111:8 March
2084:2 March
1728:Bishops
1707:Bishops
1390:Bishops
1365:Bishops
1242:Bishops
1221:Bishops
1204:Bishops
935:Brown,
922:Grant,
824:Gospels
765:Glasgow
761:Partick
690:charter
542:licence
519:Avignon
511:proctor
505:at the
403:canonry
373:in the
289:England
253:Avignon
159:unknown
47:charter
2067:
2057:
2039:
2002:
1984:
1940:
1901:
1869:
1863:77–106
1845:
1824:
1802:
1781:
1760:
1547:et al.
1526:et al.
1505:et al.
1484:et al.
1401:Watt,
1333:Watt,
1185:Watt,
1172:Watt,
1159:Watt,
1117:Watt,
1100:Watt,
1058:Oram,
1020:Watt,
980:passim
702:Forfar
664:vicars
618:parish
538:Doctor
527:indult
515:Nation
494:and a
482:under
297:France
249:France
138:Orders
69:Church
53:dative
1638:, in
1617:, in
1596:, in
911:Notes
836:Perth
763:near
395:Angus
369:near
2431:(II)
2157:Dean
2126:link
2113:2015
2086:2008
2065:ISSN
2055:ISBN
2037:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1938:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1867:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1800:ISBN
1779:ISBN
1758:ISBN
830:and
641:Dean
531:cure
488:Lent
480:B.A.
405:and
278:pope
225:Dean
204:and
164:Died
156:Born
121:Dean
2425:(I)
2399:(I)
2159:of
1640:RPS
1619:RPS
1598:RPS
700:of
692:of
643:of
389:of
365:or
291:or
239:of
227:of
123:of
79:See
2579::
2122:}}
2118:{{
2063:,
1865:,
1549:,
1528:,
1507:,
1486:,
1322:^
1126:^
1080:^
1042:^
1013:^
978:,
874:.
811:.
779:.
771:,
716:.
655:,
393:,
200:,
55:)
2531::
2388:§
2372:§
2326:§
2320:§
2279:§
2253:§
2229:e
2222:t
2215:v
2130:.
2128:)
704:(
51:(
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