229:, who enjoyed taunting the people who appeared before him, joined in with the observation that she "could not count up to three". Then the hearing was interrupted by an air raid alarm, and everyone hurried down together to the bomb shelter - lawyers, court officials, witnesses, people who had come to see the trial and the accused. One man who had come to watch the trial was Dr. Wilhelm Harnisch, the pastor from the
150:
who had assured people back in 1939 that
Germany would never be hit by enemy bombs. When she was asked what "little people" could do about the situation she pointed out that if all the soldiers threw aside their weapons the war would soon come to an end. On another occasion, when a villager
217:
who had reported that
Kallenbach had said of the food shortages in Berlin that they must be even worse that the folk in Jankendorf had experienced in the "Polish time" (before the area had reverted to German control in 1939). It was noted that she had criticized government leaders for false
466:
Im
Document Center des Ostens, dem ehemaligen Sonderarchiv der Staatssicherheit im Berliner Stadtteil Hohenschönhausen, lagern höchst aufschlußreiche und unerforschte Dokumente aus der Nazizeit, die jetzt der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich sind. Sogar angeblich vernichtete Kranken- und
241:
that, for the sake of her child, Wanda
Kallenbach's life should be spared. A little after that the trial resumed and concluded in the court room. Wanda Kallenbach was pronounced guilty and sentenced to death "for the security of our home-front and thereby of our victory"
115:
to find work, first in domestic service and later as a packer. For a time (according to evidence presented at her trial in 1944) she was a member of a trades union. Later she married the truck driver Fritz
Kallenbach. Their daughter Inge was born in 1933.
265:
205:(though there is nothing in the sources about anyone suggesting that trades union membership had been illegal before 1933). It included the accusation that after 1933 she "stood out on account of her Jew-friendly approach" (
237:. Harnisch had a particular interest in the case because he had taken in Inge Kallenbach to live with his own family. Harnisch took advantage of their enforced confinement underground to plead with
558:
573:
487:
Dietlinde Peters: „ ... und keiner kriegt mich einfach krumm gebogen ...“. Frauen in
Friedrichshain und Kreuzberg. Herausgegeben vom Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg Museum. Berlin Story, Berlin 2015,
174:). The state prosecutor issued formal charges against Wanda Kallenbach on 20 April 1944 by the state prosecutor, alleging that she had been undermining the war effort and helping the enemy (
504:
Zitate aus der
Verhandlung mit Nachweis bei GĂĽnther Wieland: Das Schicksal der Berliner Arbeiterfrau Wanda Kallenbach. In: ders.: Das war der Volksgerichtshof. Centaurus, Pfaffenweiler 1989,
170:
had denounced her. There were other accusations too: it had been reported that she had had trades union connections before the war and that she had become involved in "Jew friendliness" (
225:
The defence placed emphasis on Wanda
Kallenbach's "limited intelligence". Neighbours, it was explained, found her unfailingly helpful and friendly, but "somewhat naive".
363:
245:
Fritz
Kallenbach, her husband, did not give up. With the support of the family doctor he provided testimony to the court that Wanda had been suffering from depression (
257:
came close to success, and the appeals on behalf of Wanda
Kallenbach, if they had any effect, served only to hasten her execution, which took place on the guillotine at
218:
promises given at the start of the war about the supposed safety of the people. Her spontaneously critical reaction when someone in the village greeted her with the
64:
concerning Kallenbach's imprisonment and trial had been carefully archived and put away by the East German authorities, presumably while the region was still being
30:
housewife who complained about the government. The next year, on 20 April 1944, she faced criminal charges for undermining the war effort and helping the enemy (
553:
65:
253:
appealing for clemency on account of the child who was about to be orphaned. But the government was in a state of heightened nervousness after an
304:
97:
492:
214:
167:
104:
85:
509:
136:
522:
296:
189:, a senior ministerial official with a medical background, chiefly remembered by posterity for his organising role in the
307:
launched a criminal complaint against him, but the matter was never taken forward. The date of his death is not known.
249:) and appealed for the death sentence to be replaced with a jail sentence. Pastor Harnisch wrote a letter directly to
281:
155:, the woman from the big city commented sharply that if you did that in Berlin now you would get a punch in the mouth (
35:
39:
277:
60:
that had hitherto not been available to researchers and the wider public. Documents that had survived the
396:"The women on stieve's list: Victims of national socialism whose bodies were used for anatomical research"
101:
72:. A Berlin street was named after Kallenbach in 2006. Since then she has become a named victim of the
69:
230:
131:. In August 1943 she visited her sister in their home region, now identified on up to date maps as the
89:
568:
563:
258:
132:
53:
49:
162:
Kallenbach had been back in Berlin for some months on 20 January 1944 when she was arrested by the
120:
505:
488:
427:
234:
143:
417:
407:
124:
61:
226:
202:
182:
140:
201:. The prosecution case made reference to Kallenbach's trades union membership before
181:
She faced trial on 21 June 1944. The presiding judge was the president of the court,
209:). It included the assessment of her local party that she was "politically flawed" (
547:
292:
238:
198:
186:
93:
135:. She arrived in the village with tales of the horrors of the ever more frequent
254:
250:
128:
73:
57:
27:
299:, but retired early, without loss of pension, from a post as senior prosecutor at
331:"... um der Festigkeit unserer inneren Front und damit um unseres Sieges willen."
219:
152:
76:, invoked to represent thousands of others whose names remain lost to history.
431:
268:
came into force, that the judgment against Kallenbach was formally reversed.
300:
190:
147:
108:
266:
Law to repeal National Socialist injustices in the criminal justice system
422:
111:. While she was still young Wanda Möhring left her family and moved to
467:
Deportationsberichte der „Euthanasie-Aktion“ tauchen im Archivkeller auf
163:
412:
395:
139:
of the German capital. She complained to friends old and new about
112:
523:"Wilhelm Harnisch Berkau(?) 9.10.1887 - Frankfurt/Main(?) 14.1.1960"
46:
461:
529:. Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand (Gedenktafeln in Berlin)
322:"...könnt ihr es in der Polenzeit auch nicht gehabt haben."
213:). The prosecution case quoted an ethnic German living in
127:
in 1939 Wanda Kallenbach's home region again became part of
368:
Frauenpersönlichkeiten in Berlin Friedrichshain / Kreuzberg
56:
provided access to large amounts of information about the
303:
in 1961. He was presumably still alive in 1980 when the
207:"... durch ihre judenfreundliche Einstellung aufgefallen"
38:
on 21 June 1944 and was executed on the guillotine at
107:, in the countryside north of the city now known as
222:was also included as part of the prosecution case.
559:People executed by guillotine at Plötzensee Prison
358:
356:
354:
352:
350:
348:
346:
100:Jankendorf became part of Sokołowo Budzyńskie in
574:People from Berlin executed at Plötzensee Prison
193:, sat alongside Freisler as honorary assessor (
26:: 13 June 1902 – 18 August 1944) was a
8:
176:"Wehrkraftzersetzung und FeindbegĂĽnstigung"
32:"Wehrkraftzersetzung und FeindbegĂĽnstigung"
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
389:
387:
385:
469:. TAZ Verlags- und Vertriebs GmbH, Berlin
421:
411:
342:
315:
305:Union of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime
527:Berlin, Friedrichshain, Samariterplatz
280:council named a street leading to the
88:, which at that time was a village in
7:
92:, and between 1871 and 1919 part of
34:). She faced trial at the special
394:Hildebrandt, Sabine (2012-12-13).
284:as the "Wanda-Kallenbach-StraĂźe".
14:
255:attempt to assassinate the leader
197:). The case was prosecuted by
220:"Hitler greeting" (Nazi salute)
153:"Hitler greeting" (Nazi salute)
554:People from Posen–West Prussia
264:It was only in 1998, when the
195:"... ehrenamtlichen Beisitzer"
1:
211:"politisch nicht einwandfrei"
370:. Kulturring in Berlin e. V
183:Roland Freisler (1893-1945)
146:, the man in charge of the
590:
462:"Stasi hortete Nazi-Akten"
460:Götz Aly (23 April 1991).
199:Karl Bruchhaus (1903-1980)
187:Herbert Linden (1899-1945)
157:"... eins in die Schnauze"
84:Wanda Möhring was born in
42:a couple of months later.
58:National Socialist years
191:T4 Mass-murder project
137:Anglo-American bombing
70:Soviet occupation zone
247:"seelische Störungen"
172:"Judenfreundlichkeit"
151:greeted her with the
293:Prosecutor Bruchhaus
239:Prosecutor Bruchhaus
233:and a member of the
133:Reichsgau Wartheland
90:Kreis Kolmar (Posen)
282:Mercedes-Benz Arena
406:(1). Wiley: 3–21.
364:"Wanda Kallenbach"
105:Budzyń Voivodeship
45:The opening up of
493:978-3-95723-007-2
259:Plötzensee Prison
235:Confessing Church
74:Hitler government
581:
539:
538:
536:
534:
519:
513:
502:
496:
485:
479:
478:
476:
474:
457:
436:
435:
425:
415:
413:10.1002/ca.22195
400:Clinical Anatomy
391:
380:
379:
377:
375:
360:
332:
329:
323:
320:
231:Samaritan Church
36:"People's Court"
20:Wanda Kallenbach
16:German housewife
589:
588:
584:
583:
582:
580:
579:
578:
544:
543:
542:
532:
530:
521:
520:
516:
503:
499:
486:
482:
472:
470:
459:
458:
439:
393:
392:
383:
373:
371:
362:
361:
344:
340:
335:
330:
326:
321:
317:
313:
290:
274:
166:. Someone in
141:Reichsmarschall
82:
17:
12:
11:
5:
587:
585:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
546:
545:
541:
540:
514:
497:
480:
437:
381:
341:
339:
336:
334:
333:
324:
314:
312:
309:
297:end of the war
289:
288:Karl Brockhaus
286:
273:
270:
227:Judge Freisler
81:
78:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
586:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
549:
528:
524:
518:
515:
511:
510:3-89085-365-X
507:
501:
498:
494:
490:
484:
481:
468:
463:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
438:
433:
429:
424:
423:2027.42/94885
419:
414:
409:
405:
401:
397:
390:
388:
386:
382:
369:
365:
359:
357:
355:
353:
351:
349:
347:
343:
337:
328:
325:
319:
316:
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
295:survived the
294:
287:
285:
283:
279:
271:
269:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
79:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
24:Wanda Möhring
21:
531:. Retrieved
526:
517:
500:
483:
471:. Retrieved
465:
403:
399:
372:. Retrieved
367:
327:
318:
291:
276:In 2006 the
275:
263:
251:Adolf Hitler
246:
244:
224:
210:
206:
194:
180:
175:
171:
161:
156:
118:
83:
66:administered
44:
31:
23:
19:
18:
569:1944 deaths
564:1902 births
512:, p. 112 f.
272:Celebration
548:Categories
495:, p. 29 f.
338:References
119:After the
102:the Polish
40:Plötzensee
432:0897-3806
301:Wuppertal
215:Jankedorf
168:Jankedorf
148:air force
86:Jankedorf
80:Biography
121:outbreak
50:archives
164:Gestapo
129:Germany
98:1918/19
96:. In
94:Germany
68:as the
508:
491:
430:
144:Göring
113:Berlin
109:Poznań
52:after
28:German
22:(born
533:8 May
473:7 May
374:7 May
311:Notes
278:local
47:Stasi
535:2019
506:ISBN
489:ISBN
475:2019
428:ISSN
376:2019
203:1933
185:.
54:1990
418:hdl
408:doi
178:).
159:).
125:war
123:of
62:war
550::
525:.
464:.
440:^
426:.
416:.
404:26
402:.
398:.
384:^
366:.
345:^
261:.
537:.
477:.
434:.
420::
410::
378:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.