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371:, which was constructed adjacent to the main arsenal buildings, had a three-story block of cells, administrative buildings, and a shoe factory for teaching prisoners a trade. In 1857, the federal government purchased additional land for the site. By 1860, the arsenal had used one of the first steam presses, developed the first automatic machine for manufacturing percussive caps, and experimented with the Hale Rocket. A large civilian workforce manufactured ammunition at the arsenal, and the site included a large military hospital.
60:
945:. These and other schools are separate entities, but their close affiliation enhances the exchange of faculty expertise and educational resources, promotes interaction among students and faculty, and reduces administrative costs. The National War College and the Eisenhower School concentrate on preparing civilian and military professionals in national security strategy, decision-making, joint and combined warfare, and the resource component of national strategy. The Joint Forces Staff College, established under the
414:
1730:
517:—needed wages, especially after male relatives went to war. Women were believed to have nimble fingers, attention to detail, and a tendency to neatness suitable for rolling, pinching, tying, and bundling cartridges with bullets and black powder. Wounded Civil War soldiers were also treated at the Arsenal in a hospital next to the penitentiary that was built prior to the war in 1857.
83:
1127:"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t[he] United States : projected agreeable to the direction of the President of the United States, in pursuance of an act of Congress passed the sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC, "establishing the permanent seat on the bank of the Potowmac" : [Washington D.C.]"
1099:
589:, the first woman ever executed under federal orders. The military tribunal tried the conspirators in a complex that is known as Ulysses S. Grant Hall. This hall periodically holds public open houses. Each quarter of the hall is open to the public, and people can visit the courtroom and learn more about the trials.
366:
The remaining soldiers destroyed the arsenal buildings, but the facilities were rebuilt from 1815 to 1821. Eight buildings were arranged around a quadrangle and named the
Washington Arsenal. In the early 1830s, four acres of marshland were reclaimed and added to the arsenal. A seawall and additional
1004:
Today, the center operates through four divisions. The histories division is the one most involved in writing the histories and providing historical research support to the Army staff. The field program and historical services guides work done at various posts and installations, as well as the work
1000:
moved from rented offices in
Washington, D.C., to Fort McNair in historically preserved quarters remodeled from its previous use as a commissary and before that as Fort McNair's stables. The center dated from the creation of the Army General Staff historical branch in July 1943 and the gathering of
1042:
L'Enfant identified himself as "Peter
Charles L'Enfant" during most of his life while residing in the United States. He wrote this name on his "Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t(he) United States ...." (Washington, D.C.) and on other legal documents. However,
813:
and plans to infiltrate and surveil the installation. This contributed to calls to establish the buffer zone and continue increased security. During a March 2021 House
Transportation & Infrastructure hearing on a bill prohibiting such a restriction on the Channel, it was noted that the rule,
326:
included it in his plans for
Washington, the Federal City, as a significant site for the capital defense. On L'Enfant's orders, Andre Villard, a French follower of Marquis de Lafayette, placed a one-gun battery on the site. In 1795, the site became one of the first two United States arsenals.
377:
968:, for general and flag officer selectees; the International Fellows program, which brings NDU almost 100 participants from 50 different countries; and the Reserve Components National Security Course, which offers military education to senior officers of the armed forces.
956:
was formed as the capstone institution for
Defense Information Resource Management education. As such, it provides graduate-level courses in information resources management. The National Defense University also features a first-rate research capability through the
630:
987:
The officers study world alliances and the international situation, the inter-American system and its role, strategic concepts of war, and engage in a planning exercise for hemispheric defense. The college has been at Fort McNair since 1962.
354:
they had come to destroy were empty. Someone threw a match into the well, and "a tremendous explosion ensued," a doctor at the scene reported, "whereby the officers and about 30 of the men were killed and the rest most shockingly mangled."
1008:
Another division is responsible for overseeing the Army museum system and preserving artifacts and artwork that are the army's historical treasure. One such museum, The Old Guard Museum, was located at Fort Myer until it was closed.
576:
Lincoln in retribution. Following Booth's death at the hands of
Federal troops in Port Royal, Virginia, his conspirators were then apprehended and imprisoned in the Washington Arsenal penitentiary. After being found guilty by a
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1421:
984:. Up to three students of the rank of colonel or the equivalent may be sent to the college by each member nation. The students' backgrounds must qualify them to participate in the solution of hemispheric-defense problems.
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788:
along the fort's western bank outlined by buoys and warning signs. This proposal was met with resistance from D.C. city leaders as it would limit access of up to half of the heavily used waterway. In
January 2021, the
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40 U.S.C. 3309: "(a) In
General.—The purposes of this chapter shall be carried out in the District of Columbia as nearly as may be practicable in harmony with the plan of Peter Charles L'Enfant."
961:. This institute, established in 1984, conducts independent policy analyses and develops policy and strategy alternatives. It also includes a War Gaming and Simulation Center and the NDU Press.
1241:
389:
1001:
professional historians, translators, editors, and cartographers to record the history of World War II. That effort led to a monumental 79-volume series known as the "Green Books."
826:, the senior Congressional leadership was evacuated from the Capitol building to Fort McNair, about two miles away. The Democratic Party leaders evacuated included House Speaker
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75:
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714:, were commanded by Abbot and were home to the school for Engineer officers and the site for enlisting and organizing divisional Engineer regiments for service in France.
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was founded at McNair in 1924 to prepare officers for high-level posts in Army supply organizations and study industrial mobilization. It evolved into the
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represents a significant concentration of the defense community's intellectual resources. Initially established in 1976, the university includes the
289:, while the Anacostia River is on its south side. The fort has been an army post for more than 200 years, third in length of service, after the
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953:
342:. Soldiers at the arsenal evacuated north with as much gunpowder as they could carry, hiding the rest in a well as the British soldiers came up the
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2012:
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Army War
College, Fort Lesley J. McNair, entrance on P Street between Third & Fourth Streets Southwest, Washington, District of Columbia, DC
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which did not propose the construction of a fence or blast wall, seemed designed to safeguard the views of "rich generals' houses".
702:. About 90% of the present buildings on the post's 100 acres (0.40 km) were built, reconstructed, or remodeled by 1908. During
526:
1983:
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at the post in 1902. The post dispensary and the visiting officers' quarters now occupy the buildings where Reed worked and died.
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in the yard of the penitentiary, and the rest received prison sentences. Among those hanged at what would become Fort McNair was
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1996:
1596:"CNN Exclusive: New footage shows congressional leadership at Fort McNair on January 6, scrambling to save the US Capitol"
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The military reservation was established in 1791, on about 28 acres (110,000 m) at the tip of Greenleaf Point. Major
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by deployed historical detachments for Army operations, ensures historical information is comprehensive and factual.
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laid a wreath at the Congressional Cemetery memorial in 2014 to commemorate the accident's 150th anniversary.
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323:
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Buildings at Washington Arsenal (now Fort Lesley J. McNair), Washington, D.C. (Ground plan and views.) 1861–1865
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756:, France, on July 25, 1944. He was killed in an infamous friendly fire incident when errant bombs of the
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Location of the Lincoln conspirators execution gallows within the former Washington Arsenal Penitentiary
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first occupied the site, and defenses were built in 1794. However, the fortifications did not halt the
1047:, popularized the use of L'Enfant's birth name, "Pierre Charles L'Enfant". (See: Bowling (2002).) The
2017:
1912:
1814:
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1044:
926:
730:
532:
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1355:"Fireworks, Hoopskirts—and Death: Explosion at a Union Ammunition Plant Proved Fatal for 21 Women"
1988:
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and reconstructing the site so it could host the headquarters of the Chief of Engineers and the
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578:
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729:. The Army War College was reorganized as the Army-Navy Staff College in 1943 and became the
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Senior Senate Republicans evacuated to Fort McNair included outgoing Senate Majority Leader
810:
798:
757:
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1102:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the
725:. The post was renamed Fort Humphreys in 1935 – a name previously assigned to today's
846:
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that threatened mounting suicide boat attacks on Fort McNair similar to those used in the
749:
621:
543:
514:
278:
1729:
764:, where McNair was observing the fighting. Fort McNair has been the headquarters of the
1270:"Fort Lesley J. McNair, National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form"
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is an advanced-studies institute for senior officers of the 25-member nations of the
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2007:
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857:. House Republican leaders evacuated to Fort McNair included House Minority Leader
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509:, women worked in an ammunition factory at the Washington Arsenal as it served the
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338:, who burned down many public government buildings in Washington, D.C., during the
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17:
1195:"Washington Monument--Presidents: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary"
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room ignited, killing twenty-one women, many of whom burned to death in flammable
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1968:
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1390:"Tánaiste lobbies for immigration reform in unpredictable US political scene"
121:
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1973:
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proposed a permanent restricted area of about 250 feet to 500 feet into the
270:
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buildings were constructed. Between 1825 and 1831, the Washington Arsenal
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Location of the gallows within the former Washington Arsenal penitentiary
964:
The university has several other educational programs. These include the
1634:
1232:
1225:"40 U.S. Code § 3309 - Buildings and sites in the District of Columbia"
931:
Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy
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served on a panel that reported on the feasibility of establishing the
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331:
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An alternate view of the execution, taken from the roof of the Arsenal
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Arsenal, north front. Interior court - group of officers in foreground
1475:"Frederic V. Abbot, Entries in Cullum's Register, Volumes III to VII"
582:
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The arsenal was closed in 1881, and the post was transferred to the
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commemorates these women. In memory of the many Irish victims, the
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found the area's marshlands an excellent site for his research on
357:
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in 1946, prepares selected officers for joint and combined duty.
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The fort's flat greenspace, which is only three miles from the
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1522:
Decisions of the United States Geographic Board, Google Books
694:. In 1904, the War College's first classes were conducted at
1506:"Images of America – Fort Lesley J. McNair" by John Michael
698:, the iconic building designed by the architectural firm of
658:. Reed's work contributed to the discovery of the cause of
407:
U.S. Arsenal, Washington, D.C., north front, interior court
748:, who was headquartered at the post and was killed during
1534:"AP sources: Iran threatens US Army post and top general"
1377:– via National Archives and Records Administration.
1043:
during the early 1900s, a French ambassador to the U.S.,
740:
The post was renamed in 1948 to honor Lieutenant General
471:
Wiard 6 lb. guns, Washington arsenal. Excelsior brigade
2049:
Historic American Buildings Survey in Washington, D.C.
650:, was located at the post from 1898 until 1909. Major
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On June 17, 1864, fireworks left in the sun outside a
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attended the joint funeral procession. A monument at
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House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
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United States Army Center of Military History (CMH)
805:. The communications also revealed threats to kill
678:From December 1901 to March 1903, Engineer officer
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539:. The War Department paid for their funerals, and
1059:on its website. The United States Code states in
459:Washington, D.C. Wiard 6-pdr. gun at the Arsenal
1928:
1672:
998:United States Army Center of Military History
887:Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army
818:January 6, 2021, United States Capitol attack
760:fell on the positions of 2nd Battalion,
82:
8:
885:, as well as the official residence of the
706:, Washington Barracks and the sub‑posts at
646:A general hospital, the predecessor to the
350:. About 47 British soldiers found the
27:United States Army post in Washington, D.C.
2054:Military installations established in 1791
1935:
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1238:United States Government Publishing Office
565:Following the defeat and surrender of the
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1500:
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744:, commander of army ground forces during
419:Cannons in 1862 in the Washington Arsenal
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959:Institute for National Strategic Studies
954:Information Resources Management College
495:Batteries of field pieces in the Arsenal
2013:United States Naval Research Laboratory
1201:. National Park Service. Archived from
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598:
373:
1485:from the original on December 15, 2021
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1139:from the original on December 31, 2017
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935:Industrial College of the Armed Forces
824:January 6 United States Capitol attack
723:Industrial College of the Armed Forces
569:in the spring of 1865 to end the war,
1608:from the original on October 13, 2022
1400:from the original on October 22, 2020
1057:Major Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant
1019:Roosevelt Hall (National War College)
972:Inter-American Defense College (IADC)
733:in 1946. The two colleges became the
7:
1898:Coast Guard Station Washington, D.C.
1594:Cohen, Marshall (October 13, 2022).
1335:from the original on October 7, 2019
1164:National Register of Historic Places
793:intercepted communications from the
1540:from the original on August 9, 2021
1369:from the original on March 22, 2021
513:. Many lower-class women—including
431:View from the roof of model arsenal
273:that lies at the confluence of the
1631:Historic American Buildings Survey
1329:"The Washington arsenal explosion"
1308:from the original on June 21, 2022
1247:from the original on April 2, 2021
838:. Incoming Senate Majority Leader
395:View in Arsenal Yard, general view
336:invasion of British forces in 1814
64:Fort McNair peninsula from the air
25:
2044:Forts in the District of Columbia
1754:Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.
1532:LaPorta, James (March 21, 2021).
1388:Carswell, Simon (June 18, 2014).
1282:from the original on June 2, 2023
1159:"Washington, DC Travel Itinerary"
917:National Defense University (NDU)
908:is unavailable for that purpose.
877:, the headquarters of the Army's
873:Fort McNair is today part of the
527:1864 Washington Arsenal explosion
257:, also historically known as the
1783:Naval Support Facility Anacostia
1728:
1570:from the original on May 6, 2021
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436:
424:
412:
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388:
376:
297:. The fort is named for General
81:
74:
58:
2039:1791 establishments in Maryland
1327:LeDoux, Julie (June 24, 2014).
879:Military District of Washington
807:Vice Chief of Staff of the Army
766:Military District of Washington
648:Walter Reed Army Medical Center
285:To the peninsula's west is the
226:Military District of Washington
2064:United States Military Academy
1649:New International Encyclopedia
978:Inter-American Defense College
875:Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall
684:United States Army War College
301:, who was killed in action by
291:United States Military Academy
239:Inter-American Defense College
211:Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall
42:Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall
1:
1997:Naval Air Facility Washington
567:Confederate States of America
1984:Joint Base Anacostia–Bolling
1948:Washington Metropolitan Area
1831:Joint Base Anacostia–Bolling
1481:. Chicago, IL: Bill Thayer.
1053:Major Peter Charles L'Enfant
982:Inter-American Defense Board
881:, and serves as home to the
1643:"Washington Barracks"
923:National Defense University
883:National Defense University
795:Iranian Revolutionary Guard
735:National Defense University
561:Lincoln conspirators' trial
305:in Normandy, France during
265:post located on the tip of
244:National Defense University
2085:
2003:Marine Corps Base Quantico
939:Joint Forces Staff College
937:) at Fort McNair, and the
896:, is frequently used as a
830:and her senior associates
524:
1954:
1836:Naval Research Laboratory
1726:
1633:(HABS) No. DC-277, "
1111:. US Army. Archived from
69:
57:
47:
39:
2059:United States Army posts
1560:"Full Committee Markup"
1438:38.86624°N 77.0171680°W
1051:identifies L'Enfant as
996:In September 1998, the
782:Army Corps of Engineers
719:Army Industrial College
324:Pierre Charles L'Enfant
192:Pierre Charles L'Enfant
1689:military installations
1331:. United States Army.
906:White House South Lawn
680:Frederic Vaughan Abbot
552:Irish foreign minister
548:Congressional Cemetery
363:
293:at West Point and the
1479:Penelope.uchicago.edu
1443:38.86624; -77.0171680
1169:National Park Service
1109:"Fort McNair History"
1049:National Park Service
947:Joint Chiefs of Staff
778:Department of Defense
700:McKim, Mead and White
361:
255:Fort Lesley J. McNair
89:Fort Lesley J. McNair
35:Fort Lesley J. McNair
2069:Southwest Waterfront
2018:Washington Navy Yard
1815:Washington Navy Yard
1536:. Associated Press.
1205:on February 28, 2010
1045:Jean Jules Jusserand
927:National War College
842:was also evacuated.
772:Proposed buffer zone
731:National War College
712:Camp A. A. Humphreys
624:on July 7, 1865
560:
217:Garrison information
1433: /
1175:on December 1, 2009
1132:Library of Congress
1115:on October 6, 2017.
762:120th Infantry
688:Washington Barracks
594:Quartermaster Corps
299:Lesley James McNair
176:home.army.mil/jbmhh
118: /
52:, Washington, D.C.
18:Washington Barracks
1989:Joint Base Andrews
1566:. March 24, 2021.
786:Washington Channel
364:
346:after burning the
287:Washington Channel
263:United States Army
259:Washington Arsenal
209:Incorporated into
155:United States Army
151:Controlled by
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1799:Naval Observatory
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1471:Cullum, George W.
943:Norfolk, Virginia
579:military tribunal
571:John Wilkes Booth
295:Carlisle Barracks
252:
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122:38.867°N 77.016°W
16:(Redirected from
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515:Irish immigrants
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1365:. Spring 2012.
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750:Operation Cobra
692:Engineer School
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662:. Reed died of
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622:George Atzerodt
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544:Abraham Lincoln
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483:Arsenal Grounds
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396:
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279:Anacostia River
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163:the public
162:
127:38.867; -77.016
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2024:
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1986:
1981:
1979:Henderson Hall
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1952:
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1944:Military bases
1942:
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869:Current status
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851:Chuck Grassley
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1993:Andrews Field
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1312:September 26,
1307:
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1303:
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1297:
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1275:. p. 5.
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952:In 1990, the
950:
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911:
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864:
863:Steve Scalise
860:
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849:and Senators
848:
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840:Chuck Schumer
837:
836:James Clyburn
833:
829:
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771:
769:
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747:
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738:
736:
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724:
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608:Execution of
604:
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555:Eamon Gilmore
553:
549:
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538:
534:
528:
520:
518:
516:
512:
508:
501:The Civil War
500:
491:
486:
479:
474:
467:
462:
455:
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349:
345:
344:Potomac River
341:
337:
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318:Early history
317:
312:
310:
308:
304:
303:friendly fire
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Potomac River
272:
268:
267:Buzzard Point
264:
260:
256:
245:
242:
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237:
236:
234:
230:
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212:
208:
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159:
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153:
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141:Military base
140:
136:
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50:Buzzard Point
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1715:
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1599:
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1527:
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1393:
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1203:the original
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746:World War II
739:
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674:20th century
668:appendectomy
660:yellow fever
645:
618:David Herold
614:Lewis Powell
610:Mary Surratt
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581:, four were
574:assassinated
564:
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369:penitentiary
365:
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258:
254:
253:
201:1791–present
183:Site history
161:Open to
29:
1964:Fort McNair
1881:Coast Guard
1792:Observatory
1612:October 13,
1441: /
1286:October 14,
1251:October 14,
1209:October 14,
1179:October 14,
1143:October 14,
894:White House
832:Steny Hoyer
822:During the
704:World War I
664:peritonitis
652:Walter Reed
642:Walter Reed
537:hoop skirts
505:During the
340:War of 1812
198:In use
125: /
101:Coordinates
2033:Categories
1969:Fort Meade
1776:Facilities
1512:1439651167
1447: (
1428:77°01′02″W
1425:38°51′58″N
1404:October 7,
1373:October 7,
1339:October 7,
1025:References
902:Marine One
855:John Thune
708:Camp Leach
445:Wiard guns
113:77°00′58″W
110:38°52′01″N
1974:Fort Myer
1850:Air Force
1544:March 23,
1030:Footnotes
904:when the
737:in 1976.
666:after an
541:President
533:cartridge
507:Civil War
271:peninsula
232:Occupants
188:Architect
2008:Pentagon
1747:Barracks
1687:Current
1606:Archived
1568:Archived
1538:Archived
1483:Archived
1398:Archived
1367:Archived
1359:Prologus
1333:Archived
1306:Archived
1277:Archived
1242:Archived
1137:Archived
1013:See also
929:and the
809:General
754:Saint-LĂ´
521:Accident
443:Park of
277:and the
222:Garrison
40:Part of
1946:in the
1890:Station
1867:Bolling
1739:Marines
1652:. 1905.
1233:GovInfo
1199:NPS.gov
1106::
1070:Sources
1055:and as
912:Tenants
803:bombing
656:malaria
348:Capitol
332:arsenal
313:History
261:, is a
171:Website
1716:McNair
1574:May 6,
1510:
620:, and
583:hanged
269:, the
1859:Field
1824:Other
1280:(PDF)
1273:(PDF)
1245:(PDF)
1228:(PDF)
752:near
511:Union
1808:Yard
1768:Navy
1709:Fort
1701:Army
1614:2022
1576:2021
1546:2021
1508:ISBN
1491:2021
1406:2019
1375:2019
1341:2019
1314:2022
1288:2022
1253:2022
1211:2022
1181:2022
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976:The
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900:for
861:and
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799:USS
780:and
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