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Valley Road SE and
Livingston Road SE. Two athletic facilities occupy the segment of city-owned Oxon Run Park between 13th Street SE and Mississippi Avenue SE: the Wheeler and Mississippi park facility (benches and tables located at Wheeler Street SE and Mississippi Avenue SE) and the Oxon Run Park Outdoor Basketball Court 3 (at Valley Avenue SE and 13th Street SE). On the northern side of Oxon Run, just outside and adjacent to the Washington Highlands neighborhood, are the Oxon Run Park Amphitheater (opposite the Wheeler and Mississippi park facility) and Oxon Run Park Athletic Field 2 (also known as William O. Lockridge Field, opposite Oxon Run Park Outdoor Basketball Court 3 ). The next segment of city-owned Oxon Run Park, between Wheeler Road SE and 4th Street SE, contains three athletic facilities just north of Oxon Run (and technically outside the boundaries of but adjacent to Washington Highlands): the 4th and Mississippi park facility (4th Street SE and Mississippi Avenue SE), Oxon Run Park Athletic Field 1 (located at Simon Elementary School at 601 Mississippi Avenue SE), and the 4th and Wayne park facility (at 4th Street SE and Wayne Street SE). The lower segment of city-owned Oxon Run Park, between Atlantic Street SE and South Capitol Street, contains Oxon Run Park Outdoor Basketball Court 2 (at Atlantic Street SE and Livingston Road SE), Oxon Run Park Outdoor Basketball Court 1 (at Atlantic Street SE and Livingston Road SE), and the Livingston and Atlantic park facility (at Livingston Road SE and Atlantic Street SE).
421:). The Parklands Library Kiosk, a metal-and-plastic "kiosk library" opened at Alabama Avenue and Stanton Road SE in 1977. It was replaced by the 1,500-square-foot (140 m) Parklands-Turner Library (built across the street) in 1984. In 2003, as work began on construction of the Henson Ridge Hope VI housing development, city officials announced they would close the kiosk library and build a new $ 1.5 million Parklands-Turner Library as part of the redevelopment of nearby Turner Elementary School. But this plan fell through. In September 2009, Parklands-Turner Library closed for four weeks, and the old building demolished. A new Parklands-Turner Library opened in The Shops at Parklands on Alabama Avenue in October 2009. The Lockridge/Bellevue Neighborhood Library was formerly called the Washington Highlands Branch Library, but was never located in Washington Highlands. The library was demolished in 2009 and a new $ 15 million structure, designed by noted international architect
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top five floors (with 135 one- and two-bedroom units) were set aside for low- and moderate-income families. The
Overlook features separate entrances and elevators for the senior citizen and family section, and each unit was wired for broadband Internet. The renovated building also featured several community rooms, a computer room, playground, controlled-access parking garage, and 3 acres (12,000 m) of parkland. Retail space in the complex was occupied by a bank, convenience store, hair salon, and geriatric care center. Security at the building was very strong. Applicants for empty units could not have a criminal record of any kind, the building had an extensive security system, and security guards patrolled the interior.
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defaulted on its loan. City officials allege that PSNC has refused to turn over $ 300,000 in rent payments made in March 2014. They further alleged that Rowena Joyce Scott, president of PSNC; Scott's daughter; and several PSNC board members illegally lived rent-free at Park
Southern Apartments. The city began eviction proceedings against Scott, accusing her of owing more than $ 57,000 in back rent. (She contested the eviction.) A subsequent investigation of the property showed such extensive problems that the city accused PSNC of "gross mismanagement". D.C. housing officials say the Park Southern Apartments now need more than $ 20 million in repairs, which is almost as much as the building is worth.
215:, development in the Washington Highlands area continued. In 1936 and 1937, more than 200 homes were built in the neighborhood, and in 1938 the city connected the area to the sewer system via the large Oxon Run sewer main. The sewer system brought even more substantial growth. Another 250 homes were built in the neighborhood in 1938, and 100 more were planned. Even so, large parts of Washington Highlands remained undeveloped: Many streets existed only on paper, and the southern end of the area was primarily still farmland.
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construction in the summer of 2015. New fences, handicapped-accessibility ramps, landscaping, lighting, and outdoor furniture are also scheduled for the recreation center. Two other playgrounds exist within city-owned Oxon Run Park just north or west of Oxon Run itself. These include Oxon Run Park
Playground #1 (Mississippi Avenue SE and 10th Place SE), and Oxon Run Park Playground #3 (4509 1st Street SE). A fourth playground, Oxon Run Playground-Play DC, is under construction at 501 Mississippi Avenue SE.
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alleviate the shortage. In 1942, the NCHA built the 256-unit
Highland Dwellings. In the fall of 1943, the NCHA approved a plan to build more than 300 low-income homes in Washington Heights, and private developers agreed to build another 150. Washington Highland residents were angry that their neighborhood was being turned into a low-income area, but the NCHA pushed the plan through. The low-income housing boom continued in the area in the post-war period, with hundreds more homes being built. The post-war
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PSNC's property under the terms of the loan default. Michael Kelly, director of the
District of Columbia Housing Authority, asked Bowser to schedule council hearings on PSNC's administration of the Park Southern Apartments, but Bowser (as of July 15) had declined to do so. Instead, Bowser asked the city's inspector general to open an investigation. D.C. City Council member
355:" held in city Ward 8 (where the apartment complex is located). Gray subsequently lost the straw vote, and Bowser was catapulted to front-runner status in the Democratic mayoral primary. Bowser then won the D.C. mayoral primary. Scott subsequently accused Gray of targeting her and her nonprofit corporation in retaliation for the political activity.
364:, an Independent candidate for mayor, accused Bowser of improperly intervening in the situation and engaging in ethically questionable conduct. Bowser dismissed Catania's criticism, and has alleged that problems at Park Southern Apartments are not as bad as the tenants and D.C. Housing Authority allege.
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Washington
Highlands is among the most violent neighborhoods in the District of Columbia. Approximately one-third of the city's 181 homicides in 2007 occurred there. The neighborhood became the focus of media attention in January 2008 when city officials discovered that Washington Highlands resident
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The Park
Southern was considered one of the best-run apartment complexes in the city until 1973. The Polinger company installed H. R. Crawford as resident manager. Strict in his enforcement of housing rules and selective in who he rented to, Crawford created a safe, well-landscaped, well-maintained
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former HUD official). The structure was gutted in 2005, leaving behind only the interior columns, foundation, and a portion of the facade. The building reopened in 2009 as The
Overlook. The building's lower seven floors (with 181 units) were set aside for low-income senior citizens. The building's
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In 1967, the 12-story, 291-unit
Parkside Terrace Apartments at 3700 9th Street SE was constructed. The apartment building for moderate- and low-income families was financed with federal money, and built by a group of private investors led by Polinger Construction and Judge Marjorie Lawson (a civil
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Developers began laying out Washington Highlands in 1904, and by August 1905 most of the subdivision's roads and tracts had been laid out. Hungerford's addition was added to the neighborhood in 1906. Fourth Street SE was opened in 1910 after a three-year effort, although growth slowed for the next
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The northeast end of Washington Highlands is dominated by Oxon Run Parkway, and the surrounding parkland. The southern border of this park, which is owned and maintained by the National Park Service, is 13th Street SE. City-owned undeveloped parkland, also known as Oxon Run Park, runs parallel to
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reported on July 13, 2014 that Bowser had attempted to set up a private meeting between D.C. housing officials and PSNC (Gray ordered his officials to decline attendance); twice demanded to know under what legal authority city officials acted against PSNC; and challenged the city's right to seize
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epidemic in the city in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1995, two nonprofits, Jubilee Enterprise of Greater Washington and the Park Southern Neighborhood Corporation, purchased the Park Southern from its original investors and began to renovate and refurbish the complex. Jubilee Enterprise sold its
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Washington Highlands is home to the Ferebee-Hope Recreation Center at 3999 8th Street SE. The center, which is surrounded by city-owned and maintained parkland, include an indoor, year-round gymnasium; outdoor basketball courts; and an aquatic center which provides year-round indoor swimming and
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reported in July 2014 that PSNC failed to make $ 628,262 in loan repayments to the city, owed more than $ 400,000 in unpaid utility and other bills, and that tens of thousands of dollars in tenant security deposits were missing. In April 2014, D.C. housing officials seized the complex after PSNC
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World War II brought significant changes Washington Highlands. The war brought hundreds of thousands of defense workers into the city, creating a severe housing shortage. Congress created the National Capital Housing Authority (NCHA) to build extensive low-income housing throughout the region to
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The Washington Highlands neighborhood has a single city-owned playground within its borders. This is the Oxon Run Park Playground #2, located at 4368 Livingston Road SE. A second city playground, the Ferebee-Hope Playground on the grounds of the Ferebee-Hope Recreation Center, is due to begin
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reported that PSNC attempted to sell the Park Southern Apartments to the former manager of the complex, Phinis Jones, in an attempt to pay back the city's loan. The newspaper said that this would "potentially further city oversight of the complex". The D.C. housing authority, which had review
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created by developers excluded African Americans from many neighborhoods in the city. But in 1951, the NCHA announced it would not longer segregate its housing complexes in Washington Highlands, and opened them to black residents. It began implementing its policy in 1953. This sparked a strong
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The Park Southern Apartments were built in 1965 as a public-private partnership, with funding coming from the city, the federal government, and a group of private investors led by Polinger Construction and Judge Lawson. The goal of the block-long, hilltop development was to provide housing to
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As of 2007, Washington Highlands had a population of 8,829, including 3,242 households and a median household income of $ 28,885. Just over 81 percent of residents in Washington Highlands are renters, and 18.7 percent are home owners. Roughly 71 percent of households are families.
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system, cockroach and rodent infestations, a badly leaking plumbing system which has caused ceilings and walls to collapse, extensive mold and mildew throughout the complex, a security system which does not work, and damaged exterior access doors left hanging open.
417:. The two closest libraries are Parklands-Turner Neighborhood Library at 1547 Alabama Avenue SE (near Alabama Avenue and Stanton Road SE) and the William O. Lockridge/Bellevue Neighborhood Library at 115 Atlantic Street SW (near Atlantic Avenue and
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grant which replaced two earlier housing complexes, Valley Green and Skytower. Wheeler Creek includes 48 low-income rental units, 100 senior apartments, 32 market-rate rental units, and 30 lease/purchase units. The remaining units are for purchase.
425:, opened in September 2012. The branch was renamed Bellevue to better reflect the neighborhood in which the library exists. Although D.C. Board of Education member William O. Lockridge opposed the library's reconstruction, D.C. Mayor
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led to a significant increase in children in the area. After years of city inaction on recreational facilities in the neighborhood, the Washington Highlands Citizens Association successfully petitioned the city to take over the
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On July 16, 2014, both the D.C. city's attorney general and the United States attorney for the District of Columbia announced civil and criminal investigations into PSNC's administration of the Park Southern Apartments.
192:) began construction in November 1887, and by June 1890 was nearing completion. Randle understood that this new bridge would bring rapid development east of the Anacostia River, and he intended to take advantage of it.
177:. The Nacochtanks were decimated by disease brought to the New World by European explorers, and disappeared by 1700 AD. The flat area below the highlands became farms owned by white settlers, with large numbers of
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politics. Scott secretly withdrew her support for Gray in early 2014 after the city began investigating tenant complaints at Park Southern Apartments, and switched her support to D.C. City Council member
273:(HUD) sold its interest in the building. It was purchased by two nonprofit organizations—Community Preservation and Development, and Crawford Edgewood Management (a housing management company founded by
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The city denied a 1927 request of citizens in the area for sewer lines to be built in their neighborhood. There were too few residents in the area to justify the expense. But despite the effects of the
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188:. In 1890, Colonel Arthur E. Randle, a successful newspaper publisher, decided to found a settlement east of the river which he called Congress Heights. The Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge (now the
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interest in the complex to the Park Southern Neighborhood Corporation (PSNC) in 2001. PSNC sought and won a $ 3 million loan from the city in May 2006 to make repairs at the property.
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called an "iconic" status for both helping very low-income people but maintaining a high standard of living. Crawford left his post in March 1973 to take a position at HUD.
1131:"Park Southern Residents' Council v. Park Southern Neighborhood Corporation, Civil Action No. 2014 CA 002646 B, Civil Division, Superior Court of the District of Columbia"
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received 2009 stimulus funding, and allocated $ 11 million towards rehabilitation of Highland Dwellings. Wheeler Creek is a 314-unit community developed with a 1997
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aquatic activities. The Southeast Tennis and Learning Center at 701 Mississippi Avenue SE lies adjacent to Washington Highlands, just across Oxon Run Parkway.
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Map of the Washington Highlands area in 1865. Note the almost complete lack of roads and development, as well as the hash-marks indicating the rising bluffs.
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Department of Homeland Security Headquarters Consolidation at St. Elizabeths Master Plan Amendment, East Campus North Parcel: Environmental Impact Statement
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company founded in March 1875. On March 2, 1895, Randle founded the Capital Railway Company to construct streetcar lines over the Navy Yard Bridge and down
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269:). By the early 2000s, however, the building was in serious disrepair and plagued by drug dealers, thieves, gangs, and numerous assaults. In 2003, the
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The development was immediately successful. To ensure that his investment continued to pay off, Randle invested heavily in the Belt Railway, a local
134:. Bounded by Oxon Run Park(Oxon-Run Trail)SE, Livingston Road SE, South Capitol Street SE, Southern Avenue SE, Valley Avenue SE, and 13th Street SE.
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individuals and families whose incomes were too high to qualify for federal housing subsidies but too low to afford market-rate rents in the city.
351:. Scott then allegedly declined to mobilize residents of the Park Southern Apartments to vote for Gray at a January 17, 2014, Democratic Party "
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Sadler, Christine (February 28, 1938). "Four-Lane Road Through Their Section to the District Line One of Objectives of Citizens Association".
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The Park Southern Apartments declined after Crawford's departure, and suffered heavily from crime, vandalism, and other problems during the
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Washington Highlands was one of the first areas of the District of Columbia where housing was desegregated. Until the 1950s, law as well as
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had been living for months in her rowhouse with the bodies of her four murdered children in advanced states of decomposition upstairs.
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The largest apartment complex in the neighborhood is the 360-unit, 700-resident Park Southern Apartments at 800 Southern Avenue SE.
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PSNC's administration of the Park Southern Apartments has been strongly criticized. Several tenant lawsuits have alleged a broken
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authority over the transaction, vetoed the sale on July 11, 2014, although it did not rule out a sale to Jones at a future date.
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few years. By 1925, however, there were enough residents in the neighborhood to form a Washington Highlands Citizen Association.
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The troubles at the Park Southern Apartments roiled the November 2014 D.C. mayoral election. Scott, a long-time supporter of
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Levy, Claudia (April 7, 1973). "New HUD Official Remembers SE: H.R. Crawford Now Views It From Window in 'HUDville'".
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successfully pushed to have the library renamed for him (even though a nearby athletic field already bore his name).
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At the time of European colonization of North America, the area known as Washington Highlands was occupied by
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380:, the city-owned hospital that serves the majority of public healthcare needs in the District of Columbia.
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backlash from whites in Washington Highlands, which at that time had almost no African American residents.
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The new ARC cultural arts center, and the Tennis and Learning Center, are located on Mississippi Avenue.
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on the southeast. The neighborhood is situated on a series of high hills overlooking the creek known as
454:, co-founders of the United Black Fund. Wilhelmina Rolark was a D.C. City Council member for 16 years.
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HUD Secretary Donovan Cites Successful DC Area HOPE VI Models for Choice Neighborhoods Initiative
785:
Sadler, Christine (October 9, 1939). "Area Grows Steadily Despite Handicap of Long Way to City".
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The development of Washington Highlands closely parallels that of the adjacent neighborhood of
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1948:
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Levy, Claudia (November 2, 1970). "SE's Model Manager: Secret of Success: Strict but Fair".
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162:. It draws its name from the city of Washington, D.C., and the hills on which it was built.
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apartment complexes, including the 204-unit Highland Dwellings public housing complex. The
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Washington Highlands at the intersection of Yuma St & Condon Terrace SE, April 2018
1265:"New multifamily on Pennsylvania Avenue SE, Umaya from Cafe Asia owner heads downtown"
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1541:
Washington At Home: An Illustrated History of Neighborhoods in the Nation's Capital
1419:
Klein, Allison; Alexander, Keith L.; Montes, Sue Anne Pressley (January 11, 2008).
1334:
Craig, Tim (October 19, 2010). "Fenty Is Closing the Book on His Tenure As Mayor".
462:(who moved to the District of Columbia at the age of 11) grew up on 1st Street SE.
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173:, a non-migratory band whose villages lined the northern and southern banks of the
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1043:"Aiming to Quiet Critics, Muriel Bowser Requests Investigation of Park Southern"
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1369:"District's New Pair of Libraries Are Exuberant Additions to Distressed Areas"
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apartment building which won national praise. The Park Southern attained what
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Former notable residents of Washington Highlands include the late Calvin and
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1004:"D.C. Housing Complex's Decline Raises Questions About Management, Politics"
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1238:"Financial Dealings at Park Southern Apartment Complex Under Investigation"
1161:"Gray Campaign Accuses Head of Park Southern Nonprofit of 'Double Dealing'"
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228:'s Bald Eagle storage facility and turn it into a recreational center.
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Timberg, -Craig (July 31, 2003). "Different Reads on Library Plan".
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Washington Highlands is bounded by 13th Street SE on the northeast,
1115:
Thompson, Tracy (May 29, 1996). "Community Revivals in Southeast".
27:
Residential neighborhood, southeast Washington, D.C., United States
141:
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2160:
316:
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1615:
877:"DC Housing Authority Awarded $ 34.4 Million in Stimulus Funds"
597:
1564:
Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C.
1067:"SE Housing Unit's Salary Qualification Listed in Its Ads".
955:"D.C. Public Housing Unit Rises Again After Violent History"
865:- Coalition for Nonprofit Housing & Economic Development
1187:"Bowser Beats Gray in D.C. Straw Poll of Ward 8 Democrats"
271:
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
1560:"Beginnings of Street Railways in the National Capital"
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The most prominent landmark in Washington Highlands is
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Washington Highlands Target Area Investment Plan 2008
1522:. Washington, D.C.: General Services Administration.
863:
Ward 8 Comprehensive Housing Analysis Washington, DC
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2017:
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1289:"Parklands-Turner Community Library Opens Monday".
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1543:. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.
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1213:"Muriel Bowser Defeats Gray in DC Mayoral Primary"
532:"Washington Highlands: Working to Revitalize Area"
1351:"D.C.'s Bellevue Library Faces Name Controversy"
997:
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1530:; Black, Frank P.; Williams, E. Melvin (1930).
1421:"SE Woman Says Four Daughters Were 'Possessed'"
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833:"Highlands Plan Own Recreational Facilities".
248:Most of the neighborhood it is low-income and
2476:Neighborhoods in Southeast (Washington, D.C.)
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1499:African American National Biography, Volume 8
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798:
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8:
482:, received the commission of colonel in the
1534:. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co.
755:"Eastward Expansion of Capital Predicted".
413:Washington Highlands lacks a branch of the
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848:"Group Fights Opening Area to All Races".
342:, is a notable power-broker in local D.C.
32:
1503:. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
1395:"Mother Found With Decomposing Daughters"
702:"Increase in Volume of Surveyor's Work".
240:Current demographics and housing patterns
1518:General Services Administration (2012).
818:"SE Citizens Protest New Housing Plan".
583:"Col. Randle Kills Self in California".
49:Washington Highlands, highlighted in red
2471:1890 establishments in Washington, D.C.
1532:Washington, Past and Present: A History
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1093:
803:"NCHA Racial Policy Meets Opposition".
510:
471:
130:, in the United States. It lies within
96:
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53:
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938:"Mayor Breaks Ground for SE Project".
254:District of Columbia Housing Authority
18:Washington Highlands, Washington, D.C.
1444:
1349:Stewart, Nikki (September 26, 2011).
953:Alcindor, Yamiche (October 5, 2009).
570:
555:
530:Kyriakos, Marianne (March 13, 1999).
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1263:Neibauer, Michael (April 22, 2015).
659:Municipal Journal & Public Works
598:General Services Administration 2012
378:Greater Southeast Community Hospital
154:on the northwest and southwest, and
1595:"A Rebirth in Washington Highlands"
1367:Kennicott, Philip (June 25, 2012).
898:"Highland Dwellings Transformation"
415:District of Columbia Public Library
138:Development of Washington Highlands
1393:Karush, Sarah (January 11, 2008).
1185:DeBonis, Mike (January 18, 2014).
645:Proctor, Black & Williams 1930
25:
1539:Smith, Kathryn Schneider (2010).
1323:. September 10, 2009. p. T2.
1159:Davis, Aaron C. (July 14, 2014).
1041:Davis, Aaron C. (July 15, 2014).
1002:Davis, Aaron C. (July 13, 2014).
759:. September 16, 1927. p. 24.
661:. February 26, 1908. p. 252.
123:is a residential neighborhood in
1706:U Street Corridor (Cardozo/Shaw)
1495:Gates, Henry Louis, ed. (2008).
1472:Clark, Roy; Eliot, Marc (1994).
942:. November 27, 1967. p. B2.
744:. November 17, 1925. p. 22.
43:
1071:. January 24, 1966. p. B7.
822:. October 28, 1943. p. B1.
729:. February 18, 1910. p. 4.
676:. February 5, 1905. p. E5.
1211:Nuckols, Ben (April 2, 2014).
875:Samuelson, Ruth (2009-09-29).
721:. January 13, 1907. p. 15
706:. August 31, 1906. p. 10.
691:. August 18, 1905. p. 12.
1:
1593:Hoffer, Audrey (2007-09-01).
1293:. April 5, 1984. p. DC4.
928:- National Housing Conference
837:. April 12, 1948. p. B1.
807:. April 28, 1953. p. 12.
384:Athletic facilities and parks
265:rights advisor to President
1476:My Life—In Spite of Myself!
1269:Washington Business Journal
717:"Property Owners Protest".
181:slaves working the fields.
2492:
2105:Stronghold-Metropolis View
1480:. New York: Pocket Books.
852:. May 9, 1953. p. 11.
740:"New Association Elects".
480:University of Pennsylvania
478:Randle, a graduate of the
88: • Councilmember
30:Place in the United States
1558:Tindall, William (1918).
484:Mississippi State Militia
42:
2004:Sixteenth Street Heights
1803:American University Park
1782:Southwest Federal Center
625:"A Bridge Celebration".
289:Park Southern Apartments
190:John Philip Sousa Bridge
2447:38.832056°N 76.994694°W
1584:- DC Office of Planning
879:. Washington City Paper
725:"Not to Widen Street".
687:"Shows City's Growth".
610:"It Was East End Day".
1457:Clark & Eliot 1994
147:
117:
2452:38.832056; -76.994694
2151:Mount Vernon Triangle
1858:Massachusetts Heights
1528:Proctor, John Clagett
926:Wheeler Creek Estates
657:"Electric Railways".
458:singer and performer
203:to Congress Heights.
145:
115:
2413:Washington Highlands
2166:Southwest Waterfront
1979:North Portal Estates
1908:Woodland Normanstone
1868:North Cleveland Park
672:"The Legal Record".
419:South Capitol Street
121:Washington Highlands
37:Washington Highlands
2443: /
2090:North Michigan Park
1767:Mount Vernon Square
1599:The Washington Post
1425:The Washington Post
1373:The Washington Post
1355:The Washington Post
1336:The Washington Post
1321:The Washington Post
1306:The Washington Post
1291:The Washington Post
1191:The Washington Post
1165:The Washington Post
1117:The Washington Post
1102:The Washington Post
1084:The Washington Post
1069:The Washington Post
1047:The Washington Post
1008:The Washington Post
959:The Washington Post
940:The Washington Post
850:The Washington Post
835:The Washington Post
820:The Washington Post
805:The Washington Post
787:The Washington Post
772:The Washington Post
757:The Washington Post
742:The Washington Post
727:The Washington Post
719:The Washington Post
704:The Washington Post
689:The Washington Post
674:The Washington Post
627:The Washington Post
612:The Washington Post
585:The Washington Post
558:, p. 328s-329.
536:The Washington Post
357:The Washington Post
329:The Washington Post
322:The Washington Post
301:The Washington Post
2317:Northeast Boundary
2237:East River Heights
1959:Fort Stevens Ridge
1873:Observatory Circle
1843:Friendship Heights
614:. August 26, 1890.
400:Public playgrounds
226:United States Navy
148:
118:
103: • Total
2426:
2425:
2217:Central Northeast
1813:Cathedral Heights
1757:Sheridan-Kalorama
1671:Kalorama Triangle
905:East of the River
488:Andrew H. Longino
452:Wilhelmina Rolark
446:Notable residents
233:housing covenants
110:
109:
16:(Redirected from
2483:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2388:Garfield Heights
2373:Congress Heights
2327:Randle Highlands
2302:Marshall Heights
2242:Eastland Gardens
2222:Civic Betterment
2146:Judiciary Square
1949:Colonial Village
1666:Columbia Heights
1647:Washington, D.C.
1636:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1571:
1554:
1535:
1523:
1514:
1502:
1491:
1479:
1460:
1454:
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1442:
1436:
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1416:
1410:
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1407:
1405:
1390:
1384:
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1363:
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1340:
1339:
1331:
1325:
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1316:
1310:
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1301:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1217:Associated Press
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1156:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1133:. April 29, 2014
1127:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1088:
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967:
965:
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935:
929:
923:
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902:
894:
888:
887:
885:
884:
872:
866:
860:
854:
853:
845:
839:
838:
830:
824:
823:
815:
809:
808:
800:
791:
790:
782:
776:
775:
767:
761:
760:
752:
746:
745:
737:
731:
730:
722:
714:
708:
707:
699:
693:
692:
684:
678:
677:
669:
663:
662:
654:
648:
642:
631:
630:
622:
616:
615:
607:
601:
595:
589:
588:
580:
574:
568:
559:
553:
547:
546:
544:
542:
527:
521:
515:
499:
494:of the state of
476:
344:Democratic Party
279:African American
213:Great Depression
186:Congress Heights
179:African American
171:Native Americans
128:Washington, D.C.
69:Washington, D.C.
47:
33:
21:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2461:
2460:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2403:Shipley Terrace
2341:
2297:Lincoln Heights
2247:Fairfax Village
2197:Benning Heights
2180:
2124:
2045:Carver Langston
2013:
1939:Brightwood Park
1917:
1883:Potomac Heights
1791:
1715:
1701:Pleasant Plains
1649:
1640:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1578:
1576:Further reading
1557:
1551:
1538:
1526:
1517:
1511:
1494:
1488:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1244:. July 16, 2014
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1001:
1000:
973:
963:
961:
952:
951:
947:
937:
936:
932:
924:
920:
910:
908:
900:
896:
895:
891:
882:
880:
874:
873:
869:
861:
857:
847:
846:
842:
832:
831:
827:
817:
816:
812:
802:
801:
794:
784:
783:
779:
769:
768:
764:
754:
753:
749:
739:
738:
734:
724:
716:
715:
711:
701:
700:
696:
686:
685:
681:
671:
670:
666:
656:
655:
651:
643:
634:
629:. June 3, 1890.
624:
623:
619:
609:
608:
604:
600:, p. 4—27.
596:
592:
587:. July 5, 1929.
582:
581:
577:
569:
562:
554:
550:
540:
538:
529:
528:
524:
516:
512:
503:
502:
477:
473:
468:
448:
435:
427:Vincent C. Gray
411:
402:
386:
374:
340:Vincent C. Gray
291:
267:John F. Kennedy
242:
175:Anacostia River
156:Southern Avenue
140:
50:
38:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2489:
2487:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2463:
2462:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2312:Naylor Gardens
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2156:Near Northeast
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2115:Truxton Circle
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1903:Wesley Heights
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1863:McLean Gardens
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1823:Cleveland Park
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1691:Mount Pleasant
1688:
1683:
1678:
1676:Lanier Heights
1673:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1555:
1549:
1536:
1524:
1515:
1509:
1492:
1486:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1449:
1447:, p. 677.
1437:
1411:
1399:Brisbane Times
1385:
1341:
1326:
1311:
1296:
1281:
1255:
1229:
1203:
1177:
1144:
1122:
1107:
1089:
1074:
1059:
1020:
971:
945:
930:
918:
889:
867:
855:
840:
825:
810:
792:
777:
762:
747:
732:
709:
694:
679:
664:
649:
647:, p. 732.
632:
617:
602:
590:
575:
573:, p. 329.
560:
548:
522:
520:, p. 328.
509:
508:
507:
501:
500:
470:
469:
467:
464:
447:
444:
434:
431:
410:
407:
401:
398:
385:
382:
373:
370:
290:
287:
275:H. R. Crawford
250:public housing
241:
238:
201:Nichols Avenue
139:
136:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
36:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2488:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:River Terrace
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Benning Ridge
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:Barney Circle
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Queens Chapel
2098:
2096:
2095:Pleasant Hill
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Michigan Park
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Shepherd Park
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Queens Chapel
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:Barnaby Woods
1927:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1888:Spring Valley
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:The Palisades
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Dupont Circle
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1686:Meridian Hill
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1643:Neighborhoods
1637:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1550:9780801893537
1546:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1510:9780195160192
1506:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1459:, p. 84.
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1374:
1370:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1338:. p. B1.
1337:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1308:. p. T8.
1307:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1119:. p. B1.
1118:
1111:
1108:
1104:. p. E1.
1103:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:. p. C1.
1085:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1009:
1005:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
972:
960:
956:
949:
946:
941:
934:
931:
927:
922:
919:
906:
899:
893:
890:
878:
871:
868:
864:
859:
856:
851:
844:
841:
836:
829:
826:
821:
814:
811:
806:
799:
797:
793:
789:. p. 13.
788:
781:
778:
774:. p. X2.
773:
766:
763:
758:
751:
748:
743:
736:
733:
728:
720:
713:
710:
705:
698:
695:
690:
683:
680:
675:
668:
665:
660:
653:
650:
646:
641:
639:
637:
633:
628:
621:
618:
613:
606:
603:
599:
594:
591:
586:
579:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
552:
549:
537:
533:
526:
523:
519:
514:
511:
505:
504:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
475:
472:
465:
463:
461:
457:
456:Country music
453:
445:
443:
441:
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
408:
406:
399:
397:
394:
390:
383:
381:
379:
371:
369:
365:
363:
362:David Catania
358:
354:
350:
349:Muriel Bowser
345:
341:
338:
333:
330:
326:
323:
318:
313:
310:
309:crack cocaine
305:
303:
302:
295:
288:
286:
283:
280:
276:
272:
268:
262:
259:
255:
251:
246:
239:
237:
234:
229:
227:
222:
216:
214:
208:
204:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
152:Oxon Run Park
144:
137:
135:
133:
129:
126:
122:
114:
105:
93:
90:
77:
70:
67:
60:
59:United States
57:
46:
34:
19:
2438:76°59′40.9″W
2435:38°49′55.4″N
2428:
2412:
2292:Kingman Park
2262:Fort Stanton
2212:Capitol View
2171:Sursum Corda
2141:Capitol Hill
2060:Fort Lincoln
2030:Bloomingdale
1913:Woodley Park
1833:Forest Hills
1772:Penn Quarter
1762:Logan Circle
1747:Foggy Bottom
1711:Woodley Park
1681:LeDroit Park
1661:Adams Morgan
1602:. Retrieved
1598:
1563:
1540:
1531:
1519:
1498:
1475:
1466:Bibliography
1452:
1440:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1372:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:
1344:
1335:
1329:
1320:
1319:"In Brief".
1314:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1268:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1164:
1135:. Retrieved
1125:
1116:
1110:
1101:
1083:
1077:
1068:
1062:
1050:. Retrieved
1046:
1011:. Retrieved
1007:
962:. Retrieved
958:
948:
939:
933:
921:
909:. Retrieved
904:
892:
881:. Retrieved
870:
858:
849:
843:
834:
828:
819:
813:
804:
786:
780:
771:
765:
756:
750:
741:
735:
726:
718:
712:
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440:Banita Jacks
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423:David Adjaye
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92:Trayon White
2450: /
2398:Park Naylor
2368:Buena Vista
2322:Penn Branch
2257:Fort Dupont
2232:Dupont Park
2065:Fort Totten
1964:Fort Totten
1944:Chevy Chase
1848:Glover Park
1828:Colony Hill
1818:Chevy Chase
907:. July 2010
496:Mississippi
167:Nacotchtank
2465:Categories
2358:Barry Farm
2287:Kenilworth
2252:Fort Davis
2176:Swampoodle
1994:Riggs Park
1974:Manor Park
1934:Brightwood
1893:Tenleytown
1752:Georgetown
1604:2010-07-11
1487:0671864343
1445:Gates 2008
883:2010-07-12
571:Smith 2010
556:Smith 2010
518:Smith 2010
498:, in 1902.
466:References
353:straw vote
337:D.C. Mayor
98:Population
83:Government
2393:Navy Yard
2353:Anacostia
2282:Hillcrest
2277:Hillbrook
2267:Good Hope
2207:Burrville
2120:Woodridge
2050:Eckington
2040:Brookland
2035:Brentwood
2025:Arboretum
1969:Hawthorne
1954:Crestwood
1898:Wakefield
1732:Chinatown
1696:Park View
1274:April 23,
506:Citations
460:Roy Clark
409:Libraries
372:Landmarks
221:baby boom
197:streetcar
169:tribe of
125:Southeast
2418:Woodland
2383:Fairlawn
2378:Douglass
2363:Bellevue
2272:Greenway
2227:Deanwood
2110:Trinidad
2075:Ivy City
2055:Edgewood
1984:Petworth
1787:West End
1737:Downtown
1727:Burleith
1430:July 16,
1404:July 16,
1378:July 16,
1360:July 16,
1248:July 16,
1222:July 16,
1196:July 16,
1170:July 16,
1137:July 16,
1052:July 16,
1013:July 16,
964:July 16,
911:July 16,
541:July 11,
492:Governor
160:Oxon Run
65:District
2408:Skyland
2337:Twining
2307:Mayfair
2192:Benning
2080:Langdon
2070:Gateway
1838:Foxhall
1808:Berkley
258:HOPE VI
55:Country
2346:Ward 8
2185:Ward 7
2129:Ward 6
2018:Ward 5
2009:Takoma
1922:Ward 4
1796:Ward 3
1720:Ward 2
1654:Ward 1
1547:
1507:
1484:
1242:WRC-TV
132:Ward 8
78:Ward 8
901:(PDF)
486:from
433:Crime
277:, an
106:8,829
2161:NoMa
1853:Kent
1777:Shaw
1570:–86.
1545:ISBN
1505:ISBN
1482:ISBN
1432:2014
1406:2014
1380:2014
1362:2014
1276:2015
1250:2014
1224:2014
1198:2014
1172:2014
1139:2014
1054:2014
1015:2014
966:2014
913:2014
543:2010
317:HVAC
75:Ward
1645:in
2467::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
