528:. The only streetcar line to actually reach Great Falls, the WGFPC was a project of developers unconnected to the WRECo. They sought merely to increase the value of their land and incipient residential development, and were uninterested in operating a streetcar as a business. So they paid the WRECo—specifically, its Washington and Rockville Railway subsidiary—to furnish, operate, and power the rolling stock. Tracklaying began in mid-1912 and the line opened in 1913. It was generally operated as a stub, and often with just a single trolley shuttling back and forth. "However, for at least a while, a through service was operated to downtown Washington, with cars from Great Falls running all the way to 8th Street," the
35:
285:".) Tracks reached Cabin John in 1897. "When the line was finished, it was recognized for the scenic views along its route which traveled through neighborhoods and wooded areas interspersed with vistas over the Potomac River. It was also the only streetcar line in the District known to have followed a private right of way for an extensive portion of its route rather than an already established street or road," a 2019 history would report.
585:) and Capital Transit used only conventionally supplied electric power. In 1935 it closed several lines and replaced them with bus service. Because the Rockville line in Maryland was one of the lines that was closed, a new terminal, the "Capital Transit Community Terminal," opened at Wisconsin Avenue NW and Western Avenue NW on August 4, 1935.
505:
In 1917, the WRECo was running about 140 cars a day, about 20 more than its
Capital Traction rival. The following year, the system operated 60.19 miles of track, more than double the length of the Capital Traction system. Overhead electrical wires powered 26.77 miles of double track and 3.99 miles of
350:
named the
Washington Traction and Electric Company. But the consortium had borrowed too heavily and paid too much, and so quickly fell into financial trouble. To prevent transit disruption, Congress on June 5, 1900, authorized the Washington and Great Falls to acquire the stock of any of the railways
276:
Tracks reached the
Maryland line on September 28, 1895. Operations began shortly thereafter, with speeds limited to five miles per hour while running on roads and crossings, and fares capped at 10 cents a ride. (An amendment of June 3, 1896, would allow the construction of a branch "to a point on the
452:
For nearly a decade after the expansion, WRECo charged passengers a single five-cent ticket (six tickets could be had for 25 cents) to ride anywhere in the system. But in 1910, WRECo and its subsidiary lines, the
Georgetown and Tennallytown and Washington and Rockville, began requiring an additional
436:
But the 1902 transaction turned the WRECo into the region's largest transit company, with some 60 miles of track stretching from V Street SE in
Anacostia, up Pennsylvania Avenue and throughout downtown D.C.; out to Bethesda, Rockville, and Silver Spring in Maryland; and to Glen Echo and Great Falls
448:
In 1909, the car barn at
Wisconsin and Calvert was replaced by the Tenallytown Barn at 5230 Wisconsin Avenue. "The coal was delivered to the new barn in small single truck hoppers via the streetcar line, which was a tremendous feat given the steep grade from the river through Georgetown to Calvert
288:
The line's success led the railroad to double-track the route by 1899 and replace seven wooden trestles with steel structures. Rolling stock was housed in the Falls Car Barn, a one-story, six-track wood-frame building completed in 1896 (demolished in 1946) at the line's
Georgetown terminus at 38th
591:
By 1940, North
American had become a US$ 2.3 billion holding company heading up a pyramid of by then 80 companies. It controlled ten major direct subsidiaries in eight of which it owned at least 79%. The WRECo was by then one of the three major holding companies among the ten direct subsidiaries.
1254:
366:(WRECo) and reincorporated as a holding company. Three days later, it exchanged its stock for shares in Washington Traction, one-for-one at a discounted rate. The company financed the deal by issuing $ 17.5 million in bonds ($ 616,270,000 today) and $ 15 million in stock.
573:
By
December 31, 1933, North American Company owned 50.016% of the voting stock of WRECo. North American also tried to purchase Capital Traction, but never owned more than 2.5% of Capital Traction stock. But for the first time street railways in Washington were under the
141:
companies that had been swept into a failed conglomerate. Consequent acquisitions transformed the company into the region's largest transit operator. Renamed
Washington Railway and Electric Company in 1902, it controlled lines from
465:, arguing that the hike was unjust and unreasonable under ICC rules. WRECo responded that streetcar companies were exempt from rules governing railroads. In 1912, the ICC rejected this argument and ordered a stop to the practice.
1558:
1590:
346:. The second began to take shape from 1896 to 1899, when a consortium of three businessmen purchased controlling interests in a half dozen streetcar companies and a pair of utility companies, and swept them into a
938:
1031:
1806:
513:
But far more often, portions of the WRECo system competed with Capital Traction on slightly different routes. For example, the main route of the Metropolitan Railroad roughly paralleled that of the
299:
On November 1, 1895, a new streetcar company—somewhat confusingly named the West Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway Company—was founded to connect Glen Echo to the new development of
1115:
1154:
677:
1761:
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and Cabin John. The company was authorized to use purchases and eminent domain to acquire the necessary rights-of-way; it would obtain the final parcel in this manner in August 1895.
1394:
453:
five-cent ticket for rides that crossed the District-Maryland boundary. Citizens of the D.C. neighborhood of Friendship Heights and of the Montgomery County municipalities of
1791:
1582:
1438:
1077:
1826:
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1055:
471:
Washingtonians used the line to reach the 76-acre International Athletic Park, a sporting field, velodrome, and amusement park on the site of Washington's present-day
927:
888:
1470:
1186:
1020:
885:
Laws Relating to Street-railway Franchises in the District of Columbia (Including Street-Railway Laws Enacted During the First Session of the Fifty-fourth Congress)
1583:"Trolley Trail of the Week #3: Gold Mine Trail, Great Falls, MD unit of C&O Canal National Historic Park--Washington & Great Falls Railway & Power Co"
521:, one of the major diagonal streets in downtown Washington. But the Metropolitan's route was longer, since it had to zigzag on north–south and east–west streets.
725:"Laws relating to street-railway franchises in the District of Columbia. (Including street-railway laws enacted during the First session of the Fifty-fourth ..."
1801:
617:
525:
319:
127:
739:
524:
From 1913 to 1921, WRECo was paid to operate yet another similarly named streetcar company connecting Wisconsin Avenue with a Potomac River community: the
406:
1326:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
343:
1248:
1627:
1222:
200:
On July 29, 1892, the Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway Company received a charter from the U.S. Congress to build a streetcar line from the
1529:
969:
486:
near the end of a line to spur ridership—a practice pioneered by other streetcar companies, including several in the Washington, D.C., area. This was
468:
At the time, WRECo owned all of the stock of the Washington and Rockville Company and about three-quarters of the Georgetown and Tenallytown Company.
401:
1499:
1821:
1660:
416:
1104:
334:
saw the consolidation of nearly all of the D.C. and suburban Maryland streetcar companies into two larger corporations. The first of these was the
1796:
1143:
429:
Not every company became a part of the WRECo immediately. The City and Suburban Railway and the Georgetown and Tennallytown Railroad operated as
547:
began to acquire stock in WRECo in 1922, gaining a controlling interest by 1928. North American had once been one of the original stocks in the
1786:
494:
assembly that closed in 1903. The park would remain a fixture of Washington life until closing in the late 1960s; reopened in the 1970s by the
588:
The WRECo remained under the ownership of North American Company for the next decade, as a major subsidiary holding company of other lines.
683:
499:
396:
1361:
998:
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Capital Transit made several changes. As part of the merger, the Capital Traction generating plant in Georgetown was closed (and in 1943
1811:
1650:"INVENTORY FORM FOR STATE HISTORIC SITES SURVEY: Electric Trolley Substation / Washington & Great Falls Railway & Power Company"
1428:"Streetcar and Bus Resources of Washington, D.C., 1862-1962 / National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form"
642:
304:
278:
1388:
596:
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single track, while underground systems powered 23.09 miles of double track and 6.34 miles of single track. It shared 1.55 miles of
411:
1346:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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555:
518:
247:
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235:
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terminus was chosen for the "weekend and summer resort for wealthy and well-known Washingtonians" that had grown up around the
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822:
697:
African American Communities Along the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal in Washington, D.C., and Lower Montgomery County, Maryland
612:
462:
182:
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The streetcar route would run from a passenger station to be constructed in the block bounded by 35th and 36th Streets and
266:
201:
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1178:
1390:
Interstate Commerce Commission Reports: Reports and Decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission of the United States
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34:
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388:
352:
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472:
426:, whose power plant in D.C. would drive the system's streetcars, and United States Electric Lighting Company.
335:
178:
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17:
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544:
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It also took control of all of Washington Traction's stock in (and debt owed by) several other companies:
735:
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216:
163:
636:
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220:
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1301:
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March, Charles E. (August 1934). "The Local Transportation Problem in the District of Columbia".
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Construction began on a single-track line in 1893, including the erection of a 280-foot steel
224:
651:: "A Real Estate Atlas of the Part of Montgomery County Adjacent to the District of Columbia"
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731:
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double track with Capital Traction, and 0.7 miles with the Washington and Virginia Company.
378:
308:
205:
171:
648:
315:. It was acquired by the Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway Company in July 1896.
1522:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Glen Echo Amusement Park"
563:
347:
689:
483:
270:
242:
road on an elevated railway of iron columns and beams", along the southern side of the
137:
in 1892, the company was appointed by act of Congress in 1900 to acquire several other
1021:"Feasibility Study: Palisades Trolley Trail and Foundry Branch Trolley Trestle Bridge"
322:
from reaching Cabin John Bridge, forcing the latter to seize land by eminent domain.
1780:
331:
811:
479:
440:
WRECo would compete with the Capital Traction Company for the next three decades.
1105:"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Glover - Archbold Park"
654:
177:
The WRECo operated until 1933, when it was merged with its main competitor, the
151:
433:
until October 31, 1926, when the WRECo purchased the remainder of their stock.
660:
575:
491:
430:
1623:
703:
632:
846:
143:
1019:
Kittelson & Associates, Jacobs, Traceries, Commun-ET (December 2019).
1711:
255:
209:
155:
780:
764:
706:": Ellenberger, WIlliam J., Montgomery Country Historical Society (1974)
362:
On February 1, 1902, Washington and Great Falls changed its name to the
1305:
359:
on its loans on June 1, 1901, the former moved in to take its place.
1732:
1492:"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Glen Hurst"
1297:
819:
MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION / STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
567:
423:
1551:
Columbia, Public Utilities Commission of the District of (1918).
311:, then westward to Glen Echo, largely along the route of today's
128:
streetcar companies in Washington, D.C., and its Maryland suburbs
1526:
United States Department of the Interior / National Park Service
1496:
United States Department of the Interior / National Park Service
1435:
United States Department of the Interior / National Park Service
1112:
United States Department of the Interior / National Park Service
138:
1071:"Streetcar and Bus Resources of Washington, D.C., 1862-1962"
730:. Commissioners of the District of Columbia. July 29, 1892.
887:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1896. pp. 165–184.
769:
Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C
1710:. Coalition for the Capital Crescent Trail. Archived from
1179:"Washington Traction & Electric's $ 12M bond offering"
629:
1897 newspaper ad for service to Cabin John and Glen Echo
1762:
North American Co. v. Securities and Exchange Commission
295:
West Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway Company
1807:
Defunct public transport operators in the United States
765:"Beginnings of Street Railways in the National Capital"
281:
at or near the junction of the Loughboro road with the
1387:
Commission, United States Interstate Commerce (1912).
1250:
Moody's Manual of Railroads and Corporation Securities
554:
On December 1, 1933, WRECo, Capital Traction, and the
991:"ParkPlanning - Demolition of Foundry Branch Trestle"
881:"Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway Company"
963:"Ruins of a Derelict Trolley Trestle Hidden in D.C."
928:"Palisades Trolley Trail | Historic Resource Report"
704:
History of the Street Car Lines of Montgomery County
526:
Washington and Great Falls Railway and Power Company
135:
Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway Company
112:
107:
99:
95:
Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway Company
91:
65:
57:
49:
44:
1286:The Journal of Land and Public Utilities Economics
502:and now operates as an arts and cultural center.
566:, owning 50% of Capital Transit and 100% of the
645:for Chevy Chase to Great Falls Land Corporation
355:owned by Washington Traction. After the latter
318:In 1898, the West Washington tried to keep the
1557:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 6.
1292:(3). University of Wisconsin Press: 275–290.
246:, through the just-conceived neighborhood of
238:in Georgetown, "running thence west over the
8:
1054:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
618:Streetcars in Washington, D.C., and Maryland
595:North American Company was broken up by the
27:
699:". National Park Service (October 27, 2022)
536:. The railroad ceased operations in 1921.
532:wrote in 2012. Some passengers rode to the
407:Washington Woodside and Forest Glen Railway
234:and Prospect Streets NW, just north of the
130:in the early decades of the 20th century.
18:Washington and Great Falls Electric Railway
1792:1933 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.
1755:
1753:
344:Washington and Georgetown Railroad Company
61:Washington, D.C., and its Maryland suburbs
33:
1144:"Advertisement: Cabin John and Glen Echo"
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
667:Photos and a route map for downtown D.C.
490:, constructed on the site of an earlier
417:Washington and Rockville Railway Company
303:. Its line ran from a junction with the
126:(WRECo) was the larger of the two major
1827:1864 establishments in Washington, D.C.
1817:Interurban railways in Washington, D.C.
1362:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
716:
364:Washington Railway and Electric Company
124:Washington Railway and Electric Company
28:Washington Railway and Electric Company
1708:"The History of the Georgetown Branch"
1554:United States Congressional Serial Set
1382:
1380:
1378:
1047:
810:KCI Technologies, Inc (October 1999).
570:, but Capital Traction was dissolved.
449:Street," a 2006 history would report.
26:
1690:, McGraw-Hill, Second Edition, 1998,
1577:
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1360:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
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1138:
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1099:
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935:District Department of Transportation
692:of Montgomery Country streetcar lines
204:neighborhood of Washington, D.C., to
7:
1666:from the original on August 17, 2023
1502:from the original on August 17, 2023
1121:from the original on August 17, 2023
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500:National Register of Historic Places
397:Anacostia and Potomac River Railroad
1802:Defunct Washington, D.C., railroads
1735:. National Capital Trolley Museum.
1532:from the original on August 2, 2019
1426:E.H.T. Traceries, Inc (June 2005).
402:Georgetown and Tennallytown Railway
338:, formed by the 1895 merger of the
305:Tennallytown and Rockville Railroad
686:of Washington & Rockville Line
597:Securities and Exchange Commission
515:Washington and Georgetown Railroad
279:Georgetown and Tenallytown Railway
116:60.19 miles (96.87 km) (1918)
25:
657:: "Streetcar Routings as of 1944"
412:Washington and Glen Echo Railroad
326:The Great Streetcar Consolidation
320:Washington and Glen Echo Railroad
258:, it would turn northward toward
80:–December 1, 1933
1648:Rothrock, Gail (February 1979).
1822:Interurban railways in Maryland
1739:from the original on 2007-06-24
1630:from the original on 2023-09-08
1593:from the original on 2023-08-18
1587:National Capital Trolley Museum
1561:from the original on 2024-02-07
1473:from the original on 2023-08-21
1444:from the original on 2023-08-21
1397:from the original on 2023-07-16
1257:from the original on 2024-02-07
1225:from the original on 2023-08-21
1189:from the original on 2023-08-31
1160:from the original on 2021-01-18
1083:from the original on 2023-08-21
1037:from the original on 2020-02-22
1028:DC Department of Transportation
1001:from the original on 2023-08-18
972:from the original on 2023-08-18
944:from the original on 2021-07-15
926:EHT Traceries (December 2019).
891:from the original on 2024-02-07
857:from the original on 2023-08-21
828:from the original on 2017-02-11
787:from the original on 2023-08-16
742:from the original on 2024-02-07
558:bus company merged to form the
530:National Capital Trolley Museum
1797:Streetcars in Washington, D.C.
1253:. Moody Manual Company. 1920.
1069:E.H.T. Traceries (June 2005).
678:Streetcars on Wisconsin Avenue
635:of WR&E No. 650 (Built by
613:Streetcars in Washington, D.C.
463:Interstate Commerce Commission
424:Potomac Electric Power Company
422:It would soon take control of
1:
1787:Companies established in 1864
1612:"Bradley Hills advertisement"
1463:"International Athletic Park"
847:"The Cabin John Bridge Hotel"
673:(Autumn 1995 / Vol.II, No. 2)
330:The decade that followed the
1354:American Antiquarian Society
1334:American Antiquarian Society
663:of Cabin John-Glen Echo ride
549:Dow Jones Industrial Average
498:, the park is listed on the
369:The WERCo thereby absorbed:
158:cities and towns, including
1733:"Lost from the Collections"
1618:. July 6, 1912. p. 2.
603:decision of April 1, 1946.
601:United States Supreme Court
478:In 1911, the WRECo built a
1848:
1812:Defunct Maryland railroads
568:Potomac Electric Power Co.
517:, which ran largely along
332:stock market crash of 1893
39:Bus, between 1910 and 1926
1657:MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST
1469:. 1896-07-08. p. 6.
1415:City and Suburban Railway
1221:. 1902-02-05. p. 1.
1185:. 1899-06-20. p. 5.
812:"Community Summary Sheet"
763:Tindall, William (1918).
389:City and Suburban Railway
289:and Prospect Streets NW.
32:
1770: (1946). FindLaw.com
556:Washington Rapid Transit
488:Glen Echo Amusement Park
336:Capital Traction Company
179:Capital Traction Company
1687:Stocks for the Long Run
736:2027/nyp.33433006608727
562:. WRECo continued as a
560:Capital Transit Company
273:stream in Georgetown.
184:Capital Transit Company
103:Capital Transit Company
71:; 132 years ago
1832:Streetcars in Maryland
1114:. September 26, 2006.
851:glenecho-cabinjohn.com
680:", Glover Park History
545:North American Company
643:1915 bond certificate
496:National Park Service
374:Metropolitan Railroad
301:Chevy Chase, Maryland
166:to the northwest and
1768:327 U.S. 686
1183:The Brooklyn Citizen
995:parkplanning.nps.gov
853:. January 24, 2009.
244:Georgetown Reservoir
174:to the northeast.
69:August 29, 1892
519:Pennsylvania Avenue
508:underground-powered
437:along the Potomac.
221:Washington Aqueduct
154:and out to various
29:
1684:Jeremy J. Siegel,
1528:. April 26, 1984.
794:– via JSTOR.
637:J.G. Brill Company
461:complained to the
393:Brightwood Railway
340:Rock Creek Railway
267:Pratt truss bridge
66:Dates of operation
1467:The Evening Times
1151:The Morning Times
534:Great Falls Hotel
313:Bradley Boulevard
227:since the 1870s.
225:Union Arch Bridge
213:Montgomery County
120:
119:
16:(Redirected from
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1498:. May 25, 2005.
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1215:"Railway Merger"
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599:, following the
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379:Columbia Railway
309:Wisconsin Avenue
254:. Crossing into
206:Cabin John Creek
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53:Washington, D.C.
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1298:10.2307/3139173
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1219:Evening Star
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671:NCTM Journal
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252:Chain Bridge
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50:Headquarters
1338:1700–1799:
1318:1634–1699:
307:at today's
250:, and past
168:Hyattsville
152:White House
92:Predecessor
1781:Categories
1743:2007-03-21
1718:2007-03-20
1670:August 17,
1634:2023-09-08
1597:2023-08-18
1565:2023-10-30
1536:August 18,
1506:August 19,
1477:2023-08-21
1448:2023-08-31
1401:2023-10-30
1261:2023-10-30
1229:2023-08-21
1193:2023-08-31
1164:2023-08-18
1125:August 17,
1087:2023-08-31
1041:2023-08-18
1005:2023-08-18
976:2023-08-18
948:2023-08-16
895:2023-10-30
861:2023-08-21
832:2023-08-18
791:2023-08-16
746:2023-08-16
728:HathiTrust
711:References
661:1960 video
633:1912 photo
576:management
492:Chautauqua
444:Operations
283:River road
217:Cabin John
210:Maryland's
202:Georgetown
164:Cabin John
84:1933-12-01
76:1892-08-29
1624:1941-0697
775:: 24–86.
357:defaulted
260:Glen Echo
160:Rockville
150:past the
144:Anacostia
139:streetcar
108:Technical
100:Successor
1737:Archived
1661:Archived
1628:Archived
1591:Archived
1559:Archived
1530:Archived
1500:Archived
1471:Archived
1439:Archived
1395:Archived
1343:(1992).
1323:(1997).
1255:Archived
1223:Archived
1187:Archived
1155:Archived
1116:Archived
1078:Archived
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999:Archived
970:Archived
939:Archived
889:Archived
855:Archived
823:Archived
785:Archived
781:40067099
740:Archived
684:2002 map
655:1944 map
649:1917 map
607:See also
459:Somerset
455:Drummond
342:and the
256:Maryland
156:Maryland
45:Overview
1306:3139173
669:in the
191:History
82: (
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172:Laurel
113:Length
58:Locale
1664:(PDF)
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777:JSTOR
482:, an
240:Canal
1692:ISBN
1672:2023
1620:ISSN
1538:2023
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1369:2024
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