270:, 'where you find a European and an African mating, the product was a mulatto; a European and a mulatto mated, the product was an octoroon, one eighth white; if that octoroon mated with a white, the product was a quadroon, a quarter white; if a quadroon and a white mated, the product was a mustee; and if that mustee and a European mated, the product was a mustifino, or seven eighths white (or as they said, 'seven eighths human') and that process was called "washing the blackamoor white".'
908:
88:(1678). There the travellers come across the characters Fool and Want-Wit 'washing of an Ethiopian with intention to make him white, but the more they washed him the blacker he was. They then asked the Shepherds what that should mean. So they told them, saying, Thus shall it be with the vile person. All means used to get such an one a good name shall in conclusion tend but to make him more abominable.'
350:. In a travesty of Alciato's emblematic image, a group of knights clad in mediaeval armour keep a bath topped up with hot water and scrub down the king, who crouches in it wearing his regalia. The accompanying text referred to this as an 'ineffectual ablution' and commented that 'Jung Bahadoor is a gentleman of a dark red complexion. The Bath will not render it white'.
313:, sitting in an arm-chair while two ladies wash her face, which has the complexion of a mulatto. The Prince of Wales crouches at her feet, holding out a basin. In a speech bubble, he says: "Another Scrub & then!! take more water," as she enquires, "Does it look any whiter?" The lady on the right holds a scrubbing-brush and puts a soap-ball to Lady Jersey's face.
182:
317:
55:
357:
magazine for
Christmas 1884 and made an immediate impact. Soon there was a reference to it in "Poor Little Liza", a popular song by the minstrel showman Harry Hunter, with the chorus 'And as for poor Liz, poor little Liza,/ I regret to say,/ She got two cakes of Pears soap/ And washed herself away. A
65:
The story concerns the owner of a black slave who imagines that he has been neglected by his former master and tries to wash off the blackness. Some versions mention that this goes on so long that the poor man is made ill or even dies of a cold. In early times, the Greek word Άιθιοψ (Aithiops) was
81:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the fable was used to underline the perception of the black man's 'natural' inferiority, both moral and social. So, while Bewick's generalising conclusion seems innocent enough, its uglier subtext becomes apparent when referred back to the allusion to the fable in
245:
For all that, a number of allied proverbs maintaining the opposite still persisted: they include negative statements such as 'black will take no other hue', 'one cannot wash a blackamoor white' and 'a crow is never the whiter for washing'. The last of these proverbs may have originated from the
77:
has it in his tale of "The
Blackamoor", 'What's bred in the bone will never come out of the flesh'. He goes on to comment that 'when men aspire to eminence in any of the various arts or sciences, without being gifted with the innate powers or abilities for such attainments, it is only like
151:, first published in 1534 with frequent later editions. Here a despondent Ethiopian is pictured seated at a fountain where two Europeans are attempting to wash away his colour; the illustration is followed by a translation into Latin of Lucian's epigram. From here the theme was taken up by
358:
later advertisement for
Christmas 1901 shows a black mother carrying a screaming child out to a washing tub while three concerned youngsters peer round the corner of the cabin. It is captioned 'Oh Golly, she's gwine to make dat nigger white'.
1548:
208:" (1605). In it Niger, the god of the Nile, emerges from the ocean in search of a country where the skin of his black daughters can be whitened. The Ethiopian moon-goddess reassures him that his quest is at an end in Britain, which is
254:
398). In this a raven, envying the swan's plumage, tries to bathe away its colour and dies of hunger. Lying at the back of it, and the associated lesson that a person's basic nature cannot be changed, is one of the proverbs of
294:. In it he demonstrates the inadvisability of spinning out Aesop's pithy telling in tedious modern detail and also how difficult it is for even a 'liberal' philosopher to rise above the spirit of the age. The humourist
298:
manages no better in his poem "A Black Job", which takes as its subject a bogus philanthropic scheme to bathe away the skin colour of
Africans so that they 'Go in a raven and come out a swan'.
720:
38:. The fable is only found in Greek sources and, applied to the impossibility of changing character, became proverbial at an early date. It was given greater currency in Europe during the
159:(1586). The long verse commentary by the latter draws the conclusion that Nature is not to be withstood; therefore in all dealings 'Let reason rule, and doe the thinges thou maie'.
353:
A series of Pears Soap advertisements also took the fable as its theme, depicting a black child literally losing his skin colour after using the product. It first appeared in the
263:
counterpart. 'If water would stand still in heaven, and a black crow become white, and myrrh grow sweet as honey, then ignorant men and fools might understand and become wise.'
1562:
174:(Acts 8.26–39) taught the different lesson that outward appearance is not everything and even that the inward nature may be changed, giving rise to the paradox at the start of
772:
1555:
242:
The same idea is returned to in Jonson's later masque, "The
Gypsies Metamorphosed" (1621), which also involves change of skin colour from tawny to white.
266:
In the later context of the slave trade and the racial mixing that followed, the proverbial phrase was given a new meaning. So it is recorded that, in
1534:
166:: 'Can the Nubian change his skin or the leopard his spots?' (13.23). Dating from the turn of the 6th century BCE, it suggests that a proverb of
875:, Anandi Ramamurthy, Manchester University Press, 2003, especially "Soap Advertising – the trader as civilizer and the scramble for Africa",
1734:
1270:
310:
788:
1507:
1458:
1160:
1000:
857:
876:
817:
1397:
1015:
278:
The majority of popular depictions of the fable in
Britain and America remained more or less offensive. The lyrics of the comic opera
1714:
1372:
1275:
1095:
757:
1500:
1175:
948:
913:
306:
1185:
658:
441:
143:
s many editions were one source for the proverb's widespread use in Europe, another work was equally influential. This was
1320:
1040:
1020:
995:
707:
1392:
1315:
1235:
1150:
1105:
524:
494:
478:
305:
issued a caricature print in 1795 under the title "Washing the
Blackamoor White". Satirising the mistress of the future
838:
1448:
1387:
1382:
1260:
1245:
1190:
975:
162:
A third source reinforcing use of the fable in
Christian Europe was an apparent reference to it by the Jewish prophet
1473:
769:
1709:
893:
1352:
1220:
1060:
1005:
509:
132:(You wash or make the Ethiopian white), which appeared in a list of other impossible tasks. The other version was
1739:
1729:
1479:
1468:
1412:
1341:
1280:
1265:
1240:
1125:
1010:
990:
84:
290:, using the pen-name Edward Baldwin, included the fable (under the title "Washing the Blackamoor White") in his
1683:
1357:
1300:
1215:
1170:
1100:
1085:
1080:
1055:
1045:
662:
1571:
1407:
1362:
1205:
1140:
1090:
980:
205:
1618:
1402:
1336:
1305:
1255:
1210:
1200:
1180:
1135:
1110:
1050:
1035:
1025:
691:
170:
origin may even have preceded the fable. However, the episode of the baptized
Ethiopian in the Christian
1719:
1588:
1541:
1463:
1367:
1310:
1230:
1165:
1155:
1130:
1075:
643:
247:
628:
124:. In this book, which was written in Latin but cited Greek sources, Erasmus gave two versions. Firstly
1638:
1377:
1225:
1120:
1115:
1070:
1065:
1030:
193:
745:
1668:
1643:
1593:
1195:
1145:
985:
941:
852:"Washing the Ethiopian white: conceptualising black skin in Renaissance England", Anu Korhonen, in
596:, William B. Turnbull, Ed., London 1858: "Divine Epigrams", Acts VIII, On the baptized Ethiopian,
46:
and then entered popular culture. There it was often used to reinforce outright racist attitudes.
1608:
163:
111:
1633:
921:
537:
1724:
965:
792:
343:
283:
31:
1678:
1653:
1613:
330:
302:
156:
152:
417:
73:
The usual meaning given the fable is that a person's basic nature cannot be changed or, as
1663:
1658:
1648:
1623:
1346:
1290:
776:
674:
175:
1453:
597:
100:, who uses the phrase Αιθοπα σμηχεις proverbially in his epigram "Against an Ignoramus":
558:
338:
and his
Knights Companions of the Bath.' This referred to the ennobling of the ruler of
934:
372:
287:
144:
1703:
1250:
347:
178:'s epigram on this subject: 'Let it no longer be a forlorn hope/ To wash an Ethiop'.
171:
74:
1628:
1438:
1433:
1285:
866:
613:
493:, editors Peter G. Bietenholz, Thomas Brian Deutscher, University of Toronto 2003,
377:
335:
192:
The ability to undo the created order of the world is through the action of divine
453:
881:"From Greek Proverb to Soap Advert: Washing the Ethiopian", Jean Michel Massing,
396:
286:
have been quoted as perpetuating negative racist stereotypes. In 1805 the writer
70:, the man (who there is washing himself in a river) is identified as from India.
1688:
1673:
1443:
863:
Racism on the Victorian Stage: Representation of Slavery and the Black Character
295:
251:
197:
186:
181:
58:
43:
39:
35:
1549:
The Taill of how this forsaid Tod maid his Confessioun to Freir Wolf Waitskaith
903:
321:
201:
812:"Soap Advertising – the trader as civilizer and the scramble for Africa", in
1417:
582:
367:
260:
167:
54:
267:
67:
61:'s illustration of the companion fable of "The Raven and the Swan", 1919
1603:
1598:
316:
115:
1527:
873:
Imperial persuaders: images of Africa and Asia in British advertising
814:
Imperial persuaders: images of Africa and Asia in British advertising
256:
120:
97:
110:
In the 15th century the proverb appeared in the Greek collection of
957:
339:
315:
180:
53:
930:
66:
used of anyone of black colour; in the unreliable version by
523:, William Watson Barker, University of Toronto Press 2001,
508:, William Watson Barker, University of Toronto Press 2001)
477:, William Watson Barker, University of Toronto Press 2001
292:
Fables ancient and modern, adapted for the use of children
246:
derivative fable of "The Raven and the Swan" recorded by
104:
You wash the Ethiopian in vain; why not give up the task?
926:
816:, Anandi Ramamurthy, Manchester University Press, 2003,
213:
Ruled by a sun, that to this height doth grace it :
839:"The Representation of Cultural and National Identity"
1563:
The Taill of the Uponlandis Mous and the Burges Mous
1581:
1517:
1490:
1426:
1329:
964:
922:
Illustrations from books from the 16th–20th century
756:There is a copy in the British Museum which can be
106:
You will never manage to turn black night into day.
96:Early allusion to the fable appears in the work of
559:"Aethiops - Osius | Flickr – Photo Sharing!"
215:Whose beams shine day and night, and are of force
883:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
233:Their beauties shall be scorch'd no more :
210:
102:
219:His light sciential is, and, past mere nature,
196:, and it is this doctrine which underlies the
942:
221:Can salve the rude defects of every creature.
8:
690:, Trevor G. Marshall, "African Holocaust",
223:Call forth thy honor'd daughters then :
1556:The Taill of Schir Chanticleir and the Foxe
949:
935:
927:
688:The African Influence on Barbadian culture
324:advertisement based on Aesop's fable, 1884
78:attempting to wash the Blackamoor white.'
1535:The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian
438:Memorial edition of Thomas Bewick's works
237:All things on which his radiance shines.
608:Jonson, Ben. "The Masque of Blackness".
217:To blanch an Æthiop, and revive a corse.
828:Page 31 in the article referenced above
640:Concise dictionary of European proverbs
625:Concise dictionary of European proverbs
388:
229:They flow with, in their native graces.
227:Indent the land, with those pure traces
856:, (Cambridge University Press, 2005),
231:Invite them boldly to the shore ;
185:A design for the daughter of Niger by
594:The Complete Works of Richard Crashaw
346:in return for his support during the
301:Visual depictions are little better.
7:
854:Black Africans in Renaissance Europe
661:, Gert-Jan van Dijk, Brill NL 2003,
334:cartoon in 1858, with the subtitle '
311:Frances Villiers, Countess of Jersey
225:And let them, 'fore the Britain men,
1459:Out of the frying pan into the fire
1349:(also known as The Mice in Council)
1161:The Goose that Laid the Golden Eggs
1001:The Astrologer who Fell into a Well
885:, London 1995, Vol. 58, pp. 180–201
155:(1564) and the English emblematist
1398:The miller, his son and the donkey
1016:The Bird-catcher and the Blackbird
869:, Cambridge University Press, 2007
235:This sun is temperate, and refines
14:
1373:The drowned woman and her husband
1276:The Travellers and the Plane Tree
1096:The Fisherman and the Little Fish
888:"19th century AD", H.L. Malchow,
742:The Poetical Works of Thomas Hood
702:"19th century AD", H.L. Malchow,
655:History of the Graeco-Latin Fable
136:(The Ethiopian does not whiten).
906:
1176:The Horse that Lost its Liberty
114:(1.71), which was consulted by
1186:The Lion, the Bear and the Fox
328:The same title was used for a
1:
1321:The Young Man and the Swallow
1041:The Cock, the Dog and the Fox
1021:The Bird in Borrowed Feathers
342:as Knight Grand Cross of the
92:Emblematic and proverbial use
1508:The Grasshopper and the Ants
1393:The Hawk and the Nightingale
1316:The Woodcutter and the Trees
1271:Town Mouse and Country Mouse
1236:The Old Woman and the Doctor
1151:The Frogs Who Desired a King
914:Children's literature portal
627:, London and New York 1998,
397:"The Black Man In The River"
1735:Anti-black racism in Europe
1449:The labyrinth of Versailles
1388:The Gourd and the Palm-tree
1296:Washing the Ethiopian White
1261:The Snake in the Thorn Bush
1246:The Satyr and the Traveller
1191:The Man with Two Mistresses
976:The Ant and the Grasshopper
659:Francisco Rodríguez Adrados
536:Gibbs, Laura (2009-06-20).
280:The Blackamoor Wash'd White
34:and is numbered 393 in the
1756:
1353:The Blind Man and the Lame
1221:The North Wind and the Sun
1061:The Dog and Its Reflection
1006:The Bear and the Travelers
996:The Ass in the Lion's Skin
118:when he was compiling his
1469:The milkmaid and her pail
1418:The Shepherd and the Lion
1413:The Scorpion and the Frog
1342:The Bear and the Gardener
1281:The Trees and the Bramble
1266:The Tortoise and the Hare
1241:The Rose and the Amaranth
1126:The Fox and the Sick Lion
1011:The Belly and the Members
991:The Ass Carrying an Image
491:Contemporaries of Erasmus
418:"greekaesop / syntipas41"
50:The fable and its meaning
1715:Anti-Ethiopian sentiment
1474:Wolf in sheep's clothing
1358:The Boy and the Filberts
1301:The Weasel and Aphrodite
1216:The Mouse and the Oyster
1171:The Horse and the Donkey
1101:The Fowler and the Snake
1086:The Farmer and the Viper
1081:The Farmer and the Stork
1056:The Deer without a Heart
1046:The Crow and the Pitcher
768:Published 17 July 1858;
719:Godwin, William (1824).
612:, Boston, 1853, 660–663
540:. Elegiacus.blogspot.com
420:. Greekaesop.pbworks.com
1408:The Priest and the Wolf
1363:Chanticleer and the Fox
1206:The Moon and her Mother
1141:The Fox and the Woodman
1091:The Fir and the Bramble
981:The Ass and his Masters
722:Fable XLVI, pp. 145–148
610:The Works of Ben Jonson
206:The Masque of Blackness
1403:The Monkey and the Cat
1337:An ass eating thistles
1306:The Wolf and the Crane
1256:The Snake and the Crab
1211:The Mountain in Labour
1201:The Miser and his Gold
1181:The Lion and the Mouse
1136:The Fox and the Weasel
1111:The Fox and the Grapes
1051:The Crow and the Snake
1036:The Cock and the Jewel
1026:The Boy Who Cried Wolf
325:
240:
200:pagan presentation of
189:
108:
85:The Pilgrim's Progress
62:
1589:Demetrius of Phalerum
1542:The Cock and the Jasp
1464:Still waters run deep
1368:The Dog in the Manger
1311:The Wolf and the Lamb
1231:The Old Man and Death
1166:The Honest Woodcutter
1156:The Goat and the Vine
1131:The Fox and the Stork
1076:The Eagle and the Fox
521:The Adages of Erasmus
506:The Adages of Erasmus
475:The Adages of Erasmus
319:
184:
134:Aethiops non albescit
57:
42:by being included in
20:Washing the Ethiopian
1639:Laurentius Abstemius
1572:La Fontaine's Fables
1378:The Elm and the Vine
1226:The Oak and the Reed
1121:The Fox and the Mask
1116:The Fox and the Lion
1106:The Fox and the Crow
1071:The Dove and the Ant
1066:The Dog and the Wolf
1031:The Cat and the Mice
579:A Choice of Emblemes
561:. Flickr. 2010-08-19
442:Vol. IV, pp. 223–224
22:(or at some periods
1669:Jean de La Fontaine
1619:Adémar de Chabannes
1501:Aesop's Film Fables
1383:The Fox and the Cat
1196:The Mischievous Dog
1146:The Frog and the Ox
986:The Ass and the Pig
454:"Part 1, section 9"
1609:Dositheus Magister
890:Past & Present
837:Mark Edward Ford,
775:2012-03-24 at the
704:Past & Present
456:. Sacred-texts.com
399:. Mythfolklore.net
326:
274:Popular references
190:
112:Michael Apostolius
63:
1697:
1696:
858:Ch. 4, pp. 94–112
344:Order of the Bath
336:Sir Jung Bahadoor
284:Henry Bate Dudley
1747:
1740:Racism in Greece
1730:Fictional slaves
1679:Nicolas Trigault
1654:Hieronymus Osius
1644:Roger L'Estrange
1614:Alexander Neckam
951:
944:
937:
928:
916:
911:
910:
909:
841:
835:
829:
826:
820:
818:ch. 2, pp. 24–62
810:
804:
803:
801:
800:
791:. Archived from
785:
779:
766:
760:
754:
748:
739:
733:
732:
730:
729:
716:
710:
700:
694:
685:
679:
671:
665:
652:
646:
637:
631:
622:
616:
606:
600:
591:
585:
576:
570:
569:
567:
566:
555:
549:
548:
546:
545:
533:
527:
518:
512:
503:
497:
488:
482:
471:
465:
464:
462:
461:
450:
444:
435:
429:
428:
426:
425:
414:
408:
407:
405:
404:
393:
303:Isaac Cruikshank
157:Geoffrey Whitney
153:Hieronymus Osius
1755:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1664:Robert Henryson
1659:Marie de France
1649:Gabriele Faerno
1634:Kawanabe Kyōsai
1624:Odo of Cheriton
1577:
1519:
1513:
1492:
1486:
1422:
1347:Belling the Cat
1325:
1291:The Walnut Tree
967:
960:
955:
912:
907:
905:
902:
877:ch 2, pp. 24–62
849:
847:Further reading
844:
836:
832:
827:
823:
811:
807:
798:
796:
787:
786:
782:
777:Wayback Machine
767:
763:
755:
751:
740:
736:
727:
725:
718:
717:
713:
701:
697:
686:
682:
675:Words of Ahiqar
672:
668:
653:
649:
638:
634:
623:
619:
607:
603:
592:
588:
577:
573:
564:
562:
557:
556:
552:
543:
541:
535:
534:
530:
519:
515:
504:
500:
489:
485:
472:
468:
459:
457:
452:
451:
447:
436:
432:
423:
421:
416:
415:
411:
402:
400:
395:
394:
390:
386:
364:
276:
239:
236:
234:
232:
230:
228:
226:
224:
222:
220:
218:
216:
214:
176:Richard Crashaw
149:Book of Emblems
126:Aethiopem lavas
105:
94:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1710:Aesop's Fables
1702:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1531:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1480:Aesop's Fables
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
972:
970:
962:
961:
956:
954:
953:
946:
939:
931:
925:
924:
918:
917:
901:
900:External links
898:
897:
896:
886:
879:
870:
860:
848:
845:
843:
842:
830:
821:
805:
780:
761:
749:
734:
711:
695:
680:
666:
663:vol. 3, p. 467
647:
632:
617:
601:
586:
571:
550:
528:
513:
498:
483:
466:
445:
440:, London 1885
430:
409:
387:
385:
382:
381:
380:
375:
373:Skin whitening
370:
363:
360:
288:William Godwin
275:
272:
211:
145:Andrea Alciato
93:
90:
51:
48:
32:Aesop's Fables
24:the Blackamoor
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1752:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:The Sick Kite
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
969:
963:
959:
952:
947:
945:
940:
938:
933:
932:
929:
923:
920:
919:
915:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
884:
880:
878:
874:
871:
868:
864:
861:
859:
855:
851:
850:
846:
840:
834:
831:
825:
822:
819:
815:
809:
806:
795:on 2011-10-05
794:
790:
789:"View online"
784:
781:
778:
774:
771:
765:
762:
759:
758:viewed online
753:
750:
747:
743:
738:
735:
724:
723:
715:
712:
709:
705:
699:
696:
693:
692:October, 2003
689:
684:
681:
677:
676:
670:
667:
664:
660:
656:
651:
648:
645:
641:
636:
633:
630:
626:
621:
618:
615:
614:lines 139–151
611:
605:
602:
599:
595:
590:
587:
584:
580:
575:
572:
560:
554:
551:
539:
532:
529:
526:
522:
517:
514:
511:
507:
502:
499:
496:
492:
487:
484:
480:
476:
470:
467:
455:
449:
446:
443:
439:
434:
431:
419:
413:
410:
398:
392:
389:
383:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
361:
359:
356:
351:
349:
348:Indian Mutiny
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:
323:
320:The original
318:
314:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
273:
271:
269:
264:
262:
258:
253:
249:
243:
238:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
188:
183:
179:
177:
173:
172:New Testament
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
107:
101:
99:
91:
89:
87:
86:
79:
76:
75:Thomas Bewick
71:
69:
60:
56:
49:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
16:Aesop's fable
1720:Emblem books
1629:John Lydgate
1570:
1533:
1526:
1506:
1499:
1478:
1454:Lion's share
1439:Panchatantra
1434:Jataka tales
1295:
1286:The Two Pots
889:
882:
872:
867:Hazel Waters
862:
853:
833:
824:
813:
808:
797:. Retrieved
793:the original
783:
764:
752:
741:
737:
726:. Retrieved
721:
714:
703:
698:
687:
683:
673:
669:
654:
650:
639:
635:
624:
620:
609:
604:
593:
589:
578:
574:
563:. Retrieved
553:
542:. Retrieved
531:
520:
516:
505:
501:
490:
486:
474:
469:
458:. Retrieved
448:
437:
433:
422:. Retrieved
412:
401:. Retrieved
391:
378:Curse of Ham
354:
352:
329:
327:
300:
291:
279:
277:
265:
261:Near Eastern
244:
241:
212:
191:
161:
148:
140:
138:
133:
129:
125:
119:
109:
103:
95:
83:
80:
72:
64:
44:emblem books
27:
23:
19:
18:
1689:Zhou Zuoren
1684:Robert Thom
1674:Ivan Krylov
1582:Translators
1520:adaptations
1493:adaptations
1444:Perry Index
770:view online
629:proverb 702
538:"Emblem 59"
525:pp. 316–317
309:, it shows
296:Thomas Hood
252:Perry Index
198:Renaissance
187:Inigo Jones
139:Though the
59:Milo Winter
40:Renaissance
36:Perry Index
1704:Categories
1330:Apocryphal
799:2011-05-19
728:2014-01-02
644:proverb 87
565:2014-01-02
544:2014-01-02
481:(n° 2988).
473:Quoted in
460:2014-01-02
424:2014-01-02
403:2014-01-02
384:References
322:Pears soap
282:(1776) by
259:, Aesop's
248:Aphthonius
202:Ben Jonson
168:West Asian
30:is one of
706:May 1993
510:pp. 79–81
368:Aethiopia
307:George IV
1725:Proverbs
1594:Phaedrus
894:May 1993
773:Archived
746:poem 162
479:page 317
362:See also
268:Barbados
164:Jeremiah
68:Syntipas
1604:Avianus
1599:Babrius
1483:(album)
1427:Related
966:Aesop's
708:pp. 7–8
495:page 68
355:Graphic
141:Adagia'
130:dealbas
116:Erasmus
1528:Ysopet
1491:Screen
968:Fables
678:, 2.59
257:Ahiqar
121:Adagia
98:Lucian
1518:Print
958:Aesop
598:p. 16
583:p. 57
340:Nepal
331:Punch
194:grace
28:White
204:'s "
147:'s
128:or
1706::
892:,
865:,
744:,
657:,
642:,
581:,
26:)
1565:"
1561:"
1558:"
1554:"
1551:"
1547:"
1544:"
1540:"
950:e
943:t
936:v
802:.
731:.
568:.
547:.
463:.
427:.
406:.
250:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
