497:
589:, whereby Charles was recognised as his first-born son, lieutenant in perpetuity, and heir in all his realms. The king also surrendered his right to enter the Principality of Catalonia without the permission of the Generalitat. He was also forced to surrender royal prerogatives. The appointment of royal officials was to be done only on the advice of representative bodies. The treaty was a victory for the Catalanists (who stressed Catalan independence and pre-eminence), pactists (who stressed the relationship between monarch and Catalonia as a mutual agreement), and the foralists (who stressed the ancient privileges, the
398:
anti-royalist side developed a new conception of political society in which, according to
Catalan historians Santiago Sobrequés and Jaume Sobrequés, "solidarity among the men of a country was produced by having common laws and inhabiting the same land, not as, until then, by the fact of being vassals of the same sovereign». Thus, the modern concept of homeland had emerged that went beyond mere territorial ascription to take on a legal character, so the Catalan rebellion would be, as the French historian Joseph Calmette described, "the first of modern revolutions', hundred years before the
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979:. The French, angered by the abridgement of the treaty of Bayonne, counter-attacked a few weeks later, but some Castilian troops under Prince Ferdinand successfully resisted. John began negotiations that led to a truce in July and a treaty at Perpignan on 17 September. John recognised the treaty of Bayonne in return for French recognition of his sovereignty in the disputed provinces. John agreed to pay 300,000
36:
222:
470:
715:
919:
Duke John of
Lorraine died at Barcelona on 16 December 1470, before an attack on the mountainous redoubt of Francesc de Verntallat could be carried out. With John of Lorraine dead, the Catalans lost their most important ally — King René lived until 1480, but was not personally present in Catalonia;
986:
John returned to
Barcelona triumphant, but failed to raise the necessary funds. In the summer of 1474 the French conquered Roussillon and March 1475 Perpignan fell to them. The French raided the EmpordĂ as far as Girona in 1476, and John, his allies tied up by their own wars, could not even oppose
397:
For the royalist side, the "rebels" were for having betrayed the fidelity they had sworn to their king; while the anti-royalists considered the royalists "traitors" for not being faithful to the laws of the "land", for being "enemies of public affairs" or simply for being "bad
Catalans". Thus, the
705:
Throughout the summer the
Generalitat and the municipal council of Barcelona worked with the peasant leaders and various noble factions to draw up an agreement and bring an end to the revolt. The king, however, intrigued against it and negotiations were scuttled before a treaty could take effect.
602:
in
Barcelona on 23 September, a fact which threatened the treaty of June. While Charles had inspired unity, his death sparked the reemergence of factionalism. Though the treaty allowed for the young Ferdinand, only nine years old, to succeed John, Ferdinand's mother was conspiring with the Busca
625:
in
February 1462. The peasant revolted against the Consell del Principat with the hope of receiving royal support: Juana worked hard to stoke anti-Busca sentiment in Barcelona. In April a plot by some former Busca in support of the queen had been publicised and the deputy leader of the Consell,
764:
urged surrender. With the fall of
Tarragona (31 October), Henry IV, who was approaching Barcelona by sea, opened negotiations with John and Louis XI. Throughout the winter of 1462–63, both armies were plagued with desertions and neither side could call on more than a few hundred, mostly
884:, fled with his son to Tarragona. When the Duke of Lorraine was shortly forced to return to France to raise troops, Ferdinand campaigned northwards. All the while the king was working to foment a baronial rebellion against Louis XI of France and to foster a tripartite alliance between
987:
them. In
October 1478 he ceded the two provinces to France until he could redeem them with cash. Revolts against his authority flared in Aragon and Valencia, which had stayed out of the civil war, and he failed to put them down. He did succeed in quashing a revolt in Sardinia.
841:
capitulated shortly after his death, as did some other small places. The king had offered to pardon his enemies and respect the
Constitucions and the municipal privileges, so that the Generalitat was debating submission, but a minority on the Consell was deadset against it.
1955:
The Catalans, temporarily leaderless, were torn by defections: Juan and Bertran d'Armendaris, Pere Joan Ferrer i Destorrent, and Joan de Sarriera. They were also racked by internal dissension: the Church, the Generalitat, and the Consell were unable to reconcile their
942:, however, was not pardoned. The acts of the Consell and the other organs of Catalan government since the death of Charles of Viana were approved and John swore to uphold the Constitucions. The Capitulation of Vilafranca, however, was rejected.
1781:
were chiefly to blame for the entire decade of war. Modern scholarship tended to stress economic factors, but the chronology of the Catalan economy does not easily line up with events in the civil war. The failure of the Busca and the
1916:
It was, on the face of it, bizarre. René was the old enemy of Alfonso V and a Frenchman with a claim to Naples. His election smacked of desperation, but his military funding capabilities were an important asset in continuing the war
962:
The last action of the war was on the part of the Catalan barons of Roussillon and Cerdagne, which had been assigned to France as surety for war subsidies. The French were only slowly expelled. On 1 February 1473, John entered
804:
to seek his arbitration, but he loudly proclaimed himself a Catalan dynast and mused that "there are no mountains" between Catalonia and France. The Catalan legates wisely decided to return without his arbitration.
920:
he appointed John's eldest bastard son, John of Calabria, Count of Briey, his new lieutenant. In 1471 the French troops fighting with the Catalans retired to France and the advantage shifted decidedly to John II.
911:
in October 1469. The Duke of Lorraine had returned to Catalonia in May that year and in June took Girona, which he had been holding out through 1467–68, and several smaller places. At a General Cortes at
808:
Peter of Portugal sailed to Barcelona, where he landed in January 1464. He lifted the siege of Cervera, but failed to duplicate the feat at Lleida, which John captured in July, and several smaller towns.
534:. He still refused to recognise Charles as his "first born", probably seeking to reserve that title for Ferdinand, but arousing opposition in the meantime. Charles opened negotiations with
496:
698:
on 23 May, Hug Roger marched on Girona, where he was received warmly on 6 June while the queen and the prince took refuge in the citadel, the Força Vella ("old fort"), throughout June.
726:
on 5 June. On 9 June 1462 the Consell declared him an enemy of the people and deposed him. In August the Generalitat offered the crown to Henry IV of Castile, who accepted and sent
1872:
in 1410. Probably the pactists thought they could control Peter, but he proved to be more independent-minded then they expected and he was unable to generate a strong following
2798:
1554:
426:, who had married him in 1420. When Blanche died in 1441, John retained the government of her lands and dispossessed his own eldest son, Charles (born 1421), who was made
1026:
485:. John succeeded Alfonso as ruler of the Crown of Aragon. In his will John named Charles as his heir. Among John's early unpopular acts was to quit the war against
2037:
1592:
2498:
896:
550:, the municipal council of Barcelona, created a Consell del Principat ("Council of the Principality") to settle the matter of the rightful succession. the
675:, the French king had already agreed to acquiesce in John's plan to make Eleanor and her husband his heirs in Navarre and dispossess his eldest daughter,
2258:
2136:
1400:
2434:
1786:, who shared opponents, to unite against them, and the arrogance of the Biga and pactists (the leaders of 1461 and demagogues of 1462 in the words of
781:. Major concessions to the Sicilian nobility in 1460 ensured Sicilian grain and money to feed and finance the royalist cause in Catalonia after 1462.
577:. The parliament then demanded that John name Charles as his first-born son and heir. This he refused, and the parliament assembled an army under the
2283:
2263:
1404:
3400:
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1075:
46:
2483:
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3355:
2439:
938:, Barcelona surrendered to King John, John agreed to let the warchief John of Calabria leave peacefully and a general pardon was granted. The
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2297:
435:
1693:
The Catalans continued the war with Genoa until 1463, when they signed a treaty in order to more fully invest in the war against John II.
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in September and marched towards Barcelona. The city was besieged until Hug Roger III could arrive with relief troops by sea in October.
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entered the war at times on the side on John II and at times with the Catalans. The Catalans, who at first rallied around John's son
195:
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2924:
2216:
1243:
328:
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in Navarre to Castile and in June Henry formally renounced the Aragonese throne. In October the Consell offered the throne to the
626:
Francesc Pallarès, along with two former leaders, was executed in May. On 11 March, Juana and Ferdinand left unsafe Barcelona for
516:, which were honored citizens and landlords. John did not initially react to the situation, but he called Charles to his court at
3274:
3082:
2325:
2288:
1495:
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and the Catalan constitutionalists (Catalanists, pactists, and foralists), disputed the extent of royal rights in Catalonia. The
3152:
104:
3375:
2902:
1465:
923:
774:
430:
in 1423. John tried to assuage his son with the lieutenancy of Navarre, but his son's French upbringing and French allies, the
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76:
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61:
1673:
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1505:
1273:
1000:
185:
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in 1470 the king received the subsidy he requested to carry on the war until the expulsion of the French from Catalonia.
542:. This caused an uproar in Catalonia, where Charles was immensely popular, and the king was forced to suspend court. The
83:
3350:
2929:
2660:
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1585:
934:
until June 1472 and then against Barcelona. A naval and land siege lasted from November 1471 to 16 October 1472. By the
307:
3104:
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remained their stronghold to the end: with its surrender the war came to a close. John, victorious, re-established the
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454:. In 1452 Charles fled his father first for France, later for the court of his uncle, John's elder brother,
1764:(Saint Charles of Catalonia) soon arose, but it did not have the force of the Prince's personal leadership
3188:
2991:
2934:
2840:
2640:
2557:
2414:
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2330:
2220:
1880:. Partisans of James still existed in Catalonia during the war: one of them wrote the anti-royalist tract
1253:
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950:
622:
451:
390:
332:
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3077:
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789:
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907:. His proposed marriage won the approval of the Aragonese and Castilian magnates and was celebrated in
873:, and entered Barcelona in August 1466. The entire EmpordĂ , however, did not remain occupied for long.
739:
539:
438:. Charles was captured and released; and John tried to disinherit him by illegally naming his daughter
232:
945:
761:
727:
3238:
3223:
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1311:
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1210:
1103:
1036:
1009:
826:
656:
562:
423:
399:
3172:
930:, returned his city to John (October 1471), followed by other towns. King John II campaigned in the
513:
509:
3072:
2951:
2897:
2887:
2867:
2862:
2850:
2833:
2278:
2230:
2177:
1869:
1455:
1414:
1380:
1283:
1182:
1172:
1142:
813:, where the Capitulation had been signed three years earlier, fell to the king in August. Cervera,
770:
618:
612:
535:
455:
303:
225:
857:
and failed claimant to several crowns, as their new king. His election—he was a grandson of
431:
2986:
2981:
2765:
2677:
2650:
1787:
1112:
1045:
885:
793:
695:
660:
638:
439:
3044:
2093:
538:, his father's inveterate enemy. At Lleida on 2 December 1460 he was arrested and imprisoned in
861:—was designed to fracture the French alliance. RenĂ© sent as his lieutenant his blind son
97:
3329:
3006:
2872:
2202:
2101:
2080:
1706:
1648:
1424:
1219:
889:
854:
797:
778:
766:
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and John capitulated in February. He freed Charles on 25 February and, on 21 June, signed the
486:
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443:
373:
369:
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273:
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2010:
1991:
1974:
1943:
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1636:
1617:
1485:
1132:
927:
899:, died, John rushed to propose a marriage between his son Ferdinand and Henry's half-sister
858:
846:
578:
531:
377:
311:
284:
214:
682:
At the same time the Consell del Principat formed an army to put down the rebellion of the
280:
210:
3312:
3251:
3147:
3132:
3049:
2855:
2845:
2187:
2046:
1966:
1152:
785:
679:, who was given over to Eleanor and Gaston's custody. She was poisoned in prison in 1464.
642:
547:
463:
427:
419:
365:
256:
199:
2919:
2689:
2212:
1717:
This "council representing the principality of Barcelona" was in existence by 8 December
1239:
1790:) following Vilafranca have more to do with it. The war was essentially political, c.f.
3279:
3228:
3211:
3034:
2914:
2737:
2547:
2478:
2207:
1320:
1229:
931:
850:
558:
551:
1620:, it was Blanche's will that allowed John to postpone his son's succession to Navarre.
269:
243:
3344:
2996:
2367:
2242:
1340:
1085:
983:, and Roussillon and Cerdagne were proclaimed "neutral" until the payment was made.
3162:
2717:
2523:
1672:
John, who had previously been lieutenant from 1436 to 1438, replaced the unpopular
903:, formerly the proposed wife of Charles of Viana. In September 1468 Ferdinand took
599:
17:
702:, leading a French army, took Girona on 23 July and rescued the queen and prince.
2074:
3246:
3200:
3137:
2610:
1676:
in 1454 and was thus ruling Catalonia at the time of his succession to it, c.f.
1539:
1065:
881:
474:
35:
469:
1350:
1122:
908:
870:
834:
743:
722:
John II took his first major offensive against the Principality by occupying
3317:
2776:
2308:
2145:
972:
964:
880:. The prince sustained heavy losses and John II, who had recently landed at
877:
801:
754:
668:
664:
505:
410:
385:
381:
357:
53:
2383:
1828:
By invading Catalonia he had violated the terms of Vilafranc (Bisson, 151).
913:
865:, with much needed reinforcements. Speedily John besieged Girona, captured
489:, upsetting the merchants of Barcelona. He also refused to aid his nephew,
967:
to the joy of its citizens. He placed Catalan garrisons in the castles of
3157:
3142:
2625:
2572:
2172:
2167:
2031:
1808:
1055:
866:
734:, which he did not besiege. He then defeated an army of the Consell near
723:
434:, brought the two into conflict. In the early 1450s they were engaged in
3302:
2973:
2707:
2665:
2620:
2615:
1652:
838:
818:
814:
735:
714:
634:
526:
482:
368:, between 1462 and 1472. The two factions, the royalists who supported
263:
221:
649:
plus their retainers) in military aid to John in exchange for 200,000
2114:
1965:
John, who had had his sight recently restored by a Jewish physician,
976:
800:. In November a delegation of Catalans approached Louis of France at
731:
646:
627:
591:
574:
517:
459:
651:
944:
904:
829:(or Battle of "Els Prats del Rei") on 28 February 1465, where the
746:. After the victory he joined his forces with Gaston de Foix's at
713:
672:
582:
468:
409:
895:
When, in 1468, the brother of the childless Henry IV of Castile,
462:. From 1454 John governed his brother's Spanish realms—the
2671:
1837:
John succeeded in retaining power in Catalonia until early 1464.
1757:
2780:
2118:
481:
When Alfonso died in 1458, Charles was arrested and brought to
29:
1969:, was the prime beneficiary of his own wise French diplomacy
1986:
The royalists blamed the one-side Capitulation for the war
630:, hoping to receive protection from the French army there.
2098:
The Wreck of Catalonia: Civil War in the Fifteenth Century
686:. The army of the Consell was placed under the command of
655:
and, as surety of payment, the cession of the counties of
1733:
All of the lands of the Crown voiced support for Charles
1651:
parliament, citing precedent, asked for Charles as their
876:
In October John of Lorraine defeated Prince Ferdinand at
384:
in opposition to John during the course of the conflict.
512:, which were merchants, artisans, and laborers, and the
504:
In 1460 Charles left Majorca unauthorised and landed in
508:, where he was welcomed by the two chief factions, the
57:
1868:
James had been a candidate for the throne before the
765:
demoralised, troops. John, though, was supported in
3293:
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3237:
3183:
3123:
3020:
2972:
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2536:
2467:
2401:
2349:
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2153:
2038:
Catalonia: History — The War Against John II.
633:John signed two treaties at Sauveterre (3 May) and
1807:A French army had presciently been established at
694:, commander of the army of the Generalitat. After
2032:Chapter 16: Juan II. Union of Aragon with Castile
554:(the parliament) were called for 8 January 1461.
500:Arrival of Charles, Prince of Viana, to Barcelona
953:, site of the treaty to put end to the Civil War
730:as his lieutenant. John II meanwhile marched on
603:against the Biga to have the treaty overturned.
561:, ruled that the king had violated four of the
520:to discuss the proposed marriage of Charles to
127:
2792:
2130:
2076:The Medieval Crown of Aragon: A Short History
1586:
8:
2002:
2000:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
62:introducing citations to additional sources
1628:
1626:
742:on 21–22 July, and proceeded to take
2799:
2785:
2777:
2540:
2471:
2407:
2313:
2137:
2123:
2115:
1593:
1579:
994:
446:, his successor. In 1451 John's new wife,
124:
557:At the parliament, Joan Dusai, the noted
473:A fifteenth-century illustration from an
495:
160:Royal victory. Capitulation of Pedralbes
52:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1605:
1008:
997:
825:. Peter suffered a major defeat at the
641:whereby the French king would lend 700
477:depicting the Catalan Courts in session
418:When the war started, John II had been
2006:
1987:
1970:
1939:
1918:
1900:
1873:
1853:
1812:
1791:
1765:
1745:
1734:
1718:
1702:
1677:
1656:
1632:
1613:
7:
845:On 30 July 1466 the Consell elected
2100:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1655:, but John refused them permission
422:since 1425 through his first wife,
27:15th-century civil war in Catalonia
25:
3105:Portantveus de General Governador
2028:A History of Aragon and Catalonia
696:besieging and capturing Hostalric
3083:Book of the Consulate of the Sea
1025:
1019:
279:
268:
242:
231:
220:
209:
194:
184:
45:relies largely or entirely on a
34:
3060:Conference of the Three Commons
823:John Ramon III, Count of Prades
3401:Civil wars in former countries
1:
3361:Military history of Catalonia
3356:Civil wars of the Middle Ages
2947:War of the Spanish Succession
2034:(London: Methuan Publishing).
1274:War of the Spanish Succession
617:Civil war broke out with the
897:Alfonso de Trastámara y AvĂs
833:was captured. Peter died at
784:In April 1463 John II ceded
663:, and the right to garrison
581:. The army quickly captured
308:Peter, Constable of Portugal
3153:Army of Catalonia (1713–14)
2878:War of the Sicilian Vespers
2294:Declaration of independence
2079:, Oxford: Clarendon Press,
2026:Henry John Chaytor (1933),
181:Council of the Principality
3417:
3065:Tribunal de Contrafaccions
2289:Statute of Autonomy (2006)
2284:Statute of Autonomy (1979)
2264:Statute of Autonomy (1932)
2073:Bisson, Thomas N. (1986),
2050:Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana
1777:In contemporary eyes, the
1076:Roman conquest of Hispania
610:
587:Capitulation of Vilafranca
567:Constitucions de Catalunya
493:, in securing his throne.
3371:15th century in Catalonia
3366:Principality of Catalonia
2808:Principality of Catalonia
2750:
2543:
2474:
2410:
2364:Unique territorial entity
2316:
2193:Principality of Catalonia
2056:Map of the revolt of the
1762:Sant Karles de Cathalunya
1163:Principality of Catalonia
936:Capitulation of Pedralbes
863:John II, Duke of Lorraine
362:Principality of Catalonia
300:Hugh Roger III of Pallars
293:
176:Principality of Catalonia
168:
150:Principality of Catalonia
132:
2942:Revolt of the Barretines
1883:La fi del comte d'Urgell
1264:Revolt of the Barretines
753:John II then marched on
2733:Pi de les Tres Branques
2450:International relations
2221:Northern Catalonia loss
1466:Transition to democracy
831:count of Pallars SobirĂ
796:, who was acclaimed as
692:Count of Pallars SobirĂ
450:, gave birth to a son,
436:open warfare in Navarre
3376:15th century in Aragon
2935:Treaty of the Pyrenees
2903:Sentencia de Guadalupe
2259:Republican Generalitat
2047:Guerra contra Joan II.
1401:Republican Generalitat
1254:Treaty of the Pyrenees
1167:c. 12th century – 1714
954:
951:monastery of Pedralbes
811:Vilafranca del Penedès
719:
623:Francesc de Verntallat
607:Revolt of the remences
501:
478:
466:—as lieutenant.
415:
391:status quo ante bellum
333:Francesc de Verntallat
294:Commanders and leaders
3078:Catalan constitutions
2455:Independence movement
1674:Galceran de Requesens
1647:In 1459–60 the
1506:Independence movement
1331:Liberals and Carlists
1070:c. 6th BC – c. 1st BC
1060:c. 6th BC – c. 1st BC
948:
790:constable of Portugal
717:
677:Blanche II of Navarre
499:
491:Ferdinand I of Naples
472:
442:, who was married to
413:
3224:Consulate of the Sea
2883:Conquest of Sardinia
2868:Conquest of Valencia
2636:Gegants i capgrossos
2269:Catalan State (1934)
2217:Republic (1640–1641)
1294:Nueva Planta decrees
1137:c.760 – 12th century
821:fell to John II and
773:, and especially in
563:Usatges de Barcelona
424:Blanche I of Navarre
350:Catalonian Civil War
205:Supported by :
58:improve this article
3351:Civil wars in Spain
3284:Santa Maria del Mar
3073:Usages of Barcelona
2992:House of Trastámara
2952:War of the Catalans
2898:War of the Remences
2888:Compromise of Caspe
2863:Conquest of Majorca
2851:Albigensian Crusade
2834:County of Barcelona
2231:War of the Catalans
2178:County of Barcelona
1870:Compromise of Caspe
1496:Statute of Autonomy
1476:Statute of Autonomy
1415:Events of 6 October
1405:Statute of Autonomy
1381:La Canadenca strike
1284:War of the Catalans
1183:War of the Remences
1173:Compromise of Caspe
1143:County of Barcelona
1117:5th century – c.720
718:Henry IV of Castile
710:War against John II
619:war of the Remences
613:War of the Remences
536:Henry IV of Castile
364:, then part of the
354:War against John II
325:Juan III de Cardona
316:John II of Lorraine
304:Henry IV of Castile
226:Kingdom of Portugal
73:"Catalan Civil War"
18:War against John II
3323:Saint George's Day
2987:House of Barcelona
2982:Count of Barcelona
2957:Siege of Barcelona
2930:Battle of MontjuĂŻc
1788:Jaume Vicens Vives
955:
794:James II of Urgell
720:
639:Louis XI of France
502:
479:
416:
348:, also called the
329:Juan IV de Cardona
3338:
3337:
3330:Flag of Barcelona
3007:House of Habsburg
2910:Catholic Monarchs
2893:Catalan Civil War
2873:Aragonese Crusade
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2227:War of Succession
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2041:HiperEnciclopèdia
1603:
1602:
1514:
1513:
1437:
1436:
1425:Spanish Civil War
1302:
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1220:Catholic Monarchs
1201:
1200:
1193:Catalan Civil War
1094:
1093:
595:, of Catalonia).
444:Gaston IV of Foix
414:John II of Aragon
380:, set up several
370:John II of Aragon
346:Catalan Civil War
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321:John II of Aragon
274:Kingdom of France
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237:Duchy of Lorraine
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128:Catalan Civil War
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16:(Redirected from
3408:
3207:Occitan language
3197:Catalan language
3012:House of Bourbon
2925:Catalan Republic
2829:Catalan counties
2801:
2794:
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2778:
2759:
2541:
2484:Financial crisis
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859:John I of Aragon
792:, a grandson of
728:John of Beaumont
598:Charles died of
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3050:Consell de Cent
3045:Junta de Braços
3024:
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2846:Crown of Aragon
2841:Peace and Truce
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1153:Crown of Aragon
1106:
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1095:
1039:
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1004:
993:
960:
869:, occupied the
827:Battle of Calaf
712:
671:. In April, at
615:
609:
579:Count of Modica
548:Consell de Cent
464:Crown of Aragon
428:Prince of Viana
420:King of Navarre
408:
366:Crown of Aragon
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2740:
2738:Catalan donkey
2735:
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2715:
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2475:
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2107:978-0199207367
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2020:External links
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851:Count of Anjou
837:in June 1466.
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700:Gaston of Foix
611:Main article:
608:
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565:, four of the
559:doctor of laws
552:Catalan Courts
448:Juana EnrĂquez
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1486:Barcelona '92
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1086:Tarraconensis
1084:
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847:René the Good
843:
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114:December 2017
106:
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85:
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78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
55:
49:
48:
47:single source
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3267:Architecture
3185:Demographics
3168:Vice admiral
3163:Catalan navy
3069:Legislation
2974:Royal Houses
2964:Nueva Planta
2920:Reapers' War
2892:
2723:National Day
2713:Coat of arms
2690:TiĂł de Nadal
2670:
2606:Architecture
2578:Prostitution
2553:Demographics
2514:Trade unions
2445:Police force
2351:Subdivisions
2249:Commonwealth
2241:
2237:Nueva Planta
2213:Reapers' War
2197:
2097:
2075:
2057:
2049:
2040:
2027:
1982:
1961:
1956:differences.
1951:
1912:
1881:
1864:
1833:
1824:
1803:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1761:
1752:
1741:
1729:
1713:
1698:
1689:
1668:
1643:
1608:
1566:
1510:2010–present
1500:2006–present
1447:Contemporary
1371:Commonwealth
1240:Reapers' War
1211:Early modern
1192:
985:
980:
961:
922:
918:
894:
875:
844:
807:
783:
762:Pere d'Urrea
757:, where the
752:
721:
704:
683:
681:
650:
632:
616:
600:tuberculosis
597:
590:
570:
556:
525:
503:
480:
432:Beaumonteses
417:
400:Dutch Revolt
396:
389:
353:
349:
345:
343:
255:
204:
174:
169:Belligerents
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
44:
3138:Sagramental
3040:Generalitat
2563:Health care
2420:Generalitat
2094:Ryder, Alan
2009:, pp.
2007:Bisson 1986
1990:, pp.
1988:Bisson 1986
1973:, pp.
1971:Bisson 1986
1942:, pp.
1940:Bisson 1986
1921:, pp.
1919:Bisson 1986
1903:, pp.
1901:Bisson 1986
1876:, pp.
1874:Bisson 1986
1856:, pp.
1854:Bisson 1986
1815:, pp.
1813:Bisson 1986
1794:, pp.
1792:Bisson 1986
1766:Bisson 1986
1746:Bisson 1986
1735:Bisson 1986
1719:Bisson 1986
1703:Bisson 1986
1678:Bisson 1986
1657:Bisson 1986
1633:Bisson 1986
1614:Bisson 1986
1361:Tragic Week
1010:History of
932:Alt EmpordĂ
544:Generalitat
475:incunabulum
287:(1469-1472)
276:(1462-1463)
250:(1466-1471)
239:(1466-1471)
228:(1463-1466)
217:(1462-1463)
190:Generalitat
3345:Categories
3308:Royal arms
3275:Romanesque
3100:Chancellor
2646:Literature
2588:Traditions
2430:Government
2425:Parliament
2368:Val d'Aran
2274:Revolution
2243:Renaixença
2067:References
1721:, p.
1705:, p.
1680:, p.
1659:, p.
1635:, p.
1616:, p.
1555:Presidents
1429:Revolution
1351:Catalanism
1341:Renaixença
1123:Al-Andalus
1046:Prehistory
969:Bellegarde
909:Valladolid
835:Granollers
759:Archbishop
657:Roussillon
573:(Laws) of
569:, and the
406:Background
382:pretenders
84:newspapers
3318:St George
2656:Mythology
2558:Education
2519:Transport
2435:President
2415:Elections
2359:Vegueries
2331:Mountains
2309:Geography
2279:Francoism
2198:Civil War
2146:Catalonia
1480:1979–2006
1470:1975–1982
1460:1939–1975
1456:Francoism
1433:1936–1939
1409:1932–1939
1375:1914–1925
1345:1833–1892
1335:1833–1876
1325:1808–1814
1288:1713–1714
1278:1700–1715
1268:1687–1689
1248:1640–1659
1234:1516–1700
1224:1469–1516
1197:1462–1472
1187:1462–1486
1157:1162–1715
1113:Visigoths
1012:Catalonia
973:Collioure
965:Perpignan
958:Aftermath
878:Viladamat
802:Abbeville
755:Tarragona
669:Cotlliure
665:Perpignan
506:Barcelona
456:Alfonso V
452:Ferdinand
386:Barcelona
358:civil war
140:1462–1472
54:talk page
3257:Religion
3158:Coronela
3143:Sometent
3125:Military
3022:Politics
2821:timeline
2766:Category
2683:Football
2641:Language
2626:Correfoc
2583:Religion
2504:Airports
2403:Politics
2374:Counties
2208:Habsburg
2168:Iberians
2163:Timeline
2096:(2007).
2058:remences
1811:in 1461
1809:Narbonne
1784:remences
1779:remences
1649:Sicilian
1568:Timeline
1545:Military
1523:By topic
1147:801–1162
1127:713–1154
1104:Medieval
1056:Iberians
1001:a series
999:Part of
901:Isabella
890:Burgundy
882:EmpĂşries
867:Banyoles
855:Provence
775:Sardinia
771:Valencia
748:Montcada
724:Balaguer
684:remences
661:Cerdagne
546:and the
522:Isabella
356:, was a
145:Location
3303:Senyera
3295:Symbols
3252:Cuisine
3239:Culture
3189:economy
3095:Viceroy
2816:History
2757:Outline
2700:Symbols
2666:Sardana
2631:Cuisine
2621:Castell
2616:Caganer
2598:Culture
2537:Society
2509:Tourism
2468:Economy
2384:Terçons
2326:Forests
2321:Climate
2155:History
1653:viceroy
1535:Economy
1037:Ancient
886:England
871:EmpordĂ
839:Tortosa
819:Tortosa
815:Amposta
798:Peter V
786:Estella
744:TĂ rrega
740:Rubinat
736:Cervera
647:knights
645:(4,200
635:Bayonne
621:led by
540:Morella
532:Castile
527:infanta
483:Majorca
440:Eleanor
360:in the
352:or the
264:Remensa
98:scholar
2718:Anthem
2573:People
2336:Rivers
2104:
2083:
1796:149–50
1550:Counts
1355:1870s–
1312:Modern
1050:
1003:on the
977:Salses
975:, and
926:, the
914:MonzĂłn
849:, the
817:, and
779:Sicily
767:Aragon
732:Lleida
643:lances
628:Girona
592:fueros
575:Lleida
518:Lleida
460:Naples
374:French
157:Result
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
2678:Sport
2651:Music
2548:Crime
2499:Roads
991:Notes
905:Berga
673:Olite
583:Fraga
510:Busca
487:Genoa
105:JSTOR
91:books
3217:list
3187:and
3025:and
2819:and
2708:Flag
2672:Seny
2524:Wine
2494:Rail
2102:ISBN
2081:ISBN
1758:cult
1724:148.
1490:1992
1419:1934
1395:1931
1385:1919
1365:1909
1298:1716
1258:1659
1177:1412
981:Ă©cus
949:The
853:and
777:and
769:and
667:and
659:and
652:Ă©cus
571:Furs
514:Biga
344:The
137:Date
77:news
3247:Art
3201:old
3027:law
2611:Art
2568:Law
2011:154
1992:153
1975:152
1944:153
1923:152
1905:152
1878:151
1858:151
1817:150
1760:of
1707:146
1682:147
1661:148
1637:148
1618:147
1540:Art
738:at
530:of
458:at
60:by
3347::
2219:,
2030:,
1999:^
1994:).
1930:^
1925:).
1891:^
1842:^
1756:A
1625:^
1427:/
1403:/
1242:/
971:,
888:,
690:,
524:,
402:.
394:.
3286:)
3282:(
3203:)
3199:(
2800:e
2793:t
2786:v
2370:)
2366:(
2300:)
2296:(
2233:)
2229:(
2223:)
2215:(
2138:e
2131:t
2124:v
2110:.
2060:.
2052:.
2043:.
2013:.
1977:.
1946:.
1907:.
1886:.
1819:.
1798:.
1768:.
1684:.
1663:.
1594:e
1587:t
1580:v
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
64:.
50:.
20:)
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