3147:
3477:) that was of no military significance, but the pilots had no idea of determining it aside from their orders. The committee ruled that "the aircrew involved in the attack should not be assigned any responsibility for the fact they were given the wrong target and that it is inappropriate to attempt to assign criminal responsibility for the incident to senior leaders because they were provided with wrong information by officials of another agency". The report also notes that "Much of the material submitted to the OTP consisted of reports that civilians had been killed, often inviting the conclusion to be drawn that crimes had therefore been committed. Collateral casualties to civilians and collateral damage to civilian objects can occur for a variety of reasons."
80:
5271:"One category of military personnel which was refused the advantages of the Convention in the course of the Second World War comprised German and Japanese troops who fell into enemy hands on the capitulation of their countries in 1945 (6). The German capitulation was both political, involving the dissolution of the Government, and military, whereas the Japanese capitulation was the only military. Moreover, the situation was different since Germany was a party to the 1929 Convention and Japan was not. Nevertheless, the German and Japanese troops were considered as surrendered enemy personnel and were deprived of the protection provided by the 1929 Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War."
2973:
2606:
2426:
2194:
5303:"Under the present provision, the Convention applies to persons who "fall into the power" of the enemy. This term is also used in the opening sentence of Article 4, replacing the expression "captured" which was used in the 1929 Convention (Article 1). It indicates clearly that the treatment laid down by the Convention applies not only to military personnel taken prisoner in the course of fighting but also to those who fall into the hands of the adversary following surrender or mass capitulation."
3545:
3517:
3531:
3235:, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements, or assurances. Because the definition of a state of "war" may be debated, the term "war crime" itself has seen different usage under different systems of international and military law. It has some degree of application outside of what some may consider being a state of "war", but in areas where conflicts persist enough to constitute social instability.
6503:
3454:
extraordinary military advantage would be necessary to justify an operation posing risks of collateral death or injury to thousands of civilians. In "grayer" cases the legal question of whether the expected incidental harm is excessive may be very subjective. For this reason, States have chosen to apply a "clearly excessive" standard for determining whether a criminal violation has occurred.
36:
2557:
2622:
2381:
2707:
was brought to trial charged with genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in three republics. This pertained to superior responsibility for the Bosnia and
Croatia indictments, and individual responsibility for the Kosovo indictment. He was acquitted as he died in custody in 2006, before the
3424:
applies to armed conflicts not of an international character and thus does not apply to situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar nature. It applies to armed conflicts that take place in the territory of a State
3496:
policy for the military purpose of denying the use of ground for the enemy. The German troops retreating from
Finnish Lapland believed Finland would be occupied by Soviet troops and destroyed many settlements while retreating to Norway under the command of Rendulic. He overestimated the perceived
3453:
For example, conducting an operation on an ammunition depot or a terrorist training camp would not be prohibited because a farmer is plowing a field in the area; the farmer is not the object of attack and the operations would adhere to proportionality and military necessity. On the other hand, an
3449:
and can be permissible. Military necessity "permits the destruction of life of ... persons whose destruction is incidentally unavoidable by the armed conflicts of the war; ... it does not permit the killing of innocent inhabitants for purposes of revenge or the satisfaction of a lust to
2543:
Also known as the Tokyo Trial, the Tokyo War Crimes
Tribunal or simply as the Tribunal, it was convened on May 3, 1946, to try the leaders of the Empire of Japan for three types of crimes: "Class A" (crimes against peace), "Class B" (war crimes), and "Class C" (crimes against humanity), committed
2365:
for persons and objects in modern warfare are still not ratified by several states continuously engaged in armed conflicts, namely the United States, Israel, India, Pakistan, Iraq, Iran, and others. Accordingly, states retain different codes and values about wartime conduct. Some signatories have
2356:
are four related treaties adopted and continuously expanded from 1864 to 1949 that represent a legal basis and framework for the conduct of war under international law. Every single member state of the United
Nations has currently ratified the conventions, which are universally accepted as
4662:
2575:, came into being for the prosecution of war crimes committed on or after that date. Several nations, most notably the United States, China, Russia, and Israel, have criticized the court. The United States still participates as an observer. Article 12 of the
5015:
4460:
4654:
3340:
was intentionally altered from that of the 1929 convention so that soldiers who "fall into the power" following surrender or mass capitulation of an enemy are now protected as well as those taken prisoner in the course of fighting.
3273:, there was no international treaty or instrument protecting a civilian population specifically from attack by aircraft, therefore the aerial attacks on civilians were not officially war crimes. The Allies at the trials in
4094:
3336:. By December 1945, six months after the war had ended, it was estimated by French authorities that 2,000 German prisoners were still being killed or maimed each month in mine-clearing accidents. The wording of the 1949
3414:
applies to armed conflicts not of an international character and thus does not apply to situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar
7593:
3504:
Under the "Rendulic Rule" persons must assess the military necessity of an action based on the information available to them at that time; they cannot be judged based on information that subsequently comes to light.
7513:
4468:
5005:
2361:, applicable to every situation of armed conflict in the world. The Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions adopted in 1977 containing the most pertinent, detailed and comprehensive protections of
4597:
3465:
For aerial strikes, pilots generally have to rely on information supplied by external sources (headquarters, ground troops) that a specific position is in fact a military target. In the case of former
6348:
3743:
2728:
was arrested in
Belgrade on July 18, 2008, and brought before Belgrade's War Crimes Court a few days later. He was extradited to the Netherlands, and is currently in The Hague, in the custody of the
5452:
6363:
7088:
3151:
3146:
2595:
6306:
7103:
7093:
6301:
3827:
6710:
3361:
Grave breaches of the Geneva
Conventions of 12 August 1949, namely, any of the following acts against persons or property protected under the provisions of the relevant Geneva Convention:
3201:
2729:
4528:
3457:
When there is no justification for military action, such as civilians being made the object of attack, a proportionality analysis is unnecessary to conclude that the attack is unlawful.
7538:
3474:
2657:
6745:
4291:
7533:
7518:
7083:
6396:
4903:
3445:
be made the object of an attack, but the death/injury of civilians while conducting an attack on a military objective are governed under principles such as of proportionality and
4102:
2718:
was also brought to The Hague charged with war crimes; his trial stretched from 2007 to March 2011. He was convicted in April 2012 of aiding and abetting crimes against humanity.
2514:
2500:
2230:
for the actions of his soldiers, because "he, as a knight, was deemed to have a duty to prevent" criminal behaviour by a military force. Despite having argued that he had obeyed
4156:
6539:
7213:
4010:
By
Edoardo Greppi, Associate Professor of International Law at the University of Turin, Italy, International Committee of the Red Cross No. 835, pp. 531–553, 30 October 1999.
4879:
5675:
3402:
Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in armed conflicts not of an international character, within the established framework of international law...
7681:
7543:
7098:
3679:
3131:, which noted that "rape and other forms of sexual violence can constitute war crimes, crimes against humanity or a constitutive act with respect to genocide"; see also
7528:
7428:
6705:
3622:
2538:
4896:"Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907"
2366:
routinely violated the Geneva
Conventions in a way that either uses the ambiguities of law or political maneuvering to sidestep the laws' formalities and principles.
7523:
6331:
5402:
3128:
6277:
7588:
6735:
6326:
3728:
6336:
6319:
4636:
3399:
In the case of an armed conflict not of an international character, serious violations of article 3 common to the four Geneva
Conventions of 12 August 1949...
7473:
7463:
7458:
7188:
6314:
5772:
3321:
2404:
4594:
7493:
7478:
7413:
7403:
7233:
7108:
5103:
3817:
3703:
6267:
5444:
4408:
3185:. As the attack on Pearl Harbor happened while the U.S. and Japan were at peace and without a just cause for self-defense, the attack was declared by the
7563:
7348:
7333:
7163:
7148:
6715:
4438:
3205:
2579:
provides jurisdiction over the citizens of non-contracting states if they are accused of committing crimes in the territory of one of the state parties.
2483:
Just after WWI, world governments started to try and systematically create a code for how war crimes would be defined. Their first outline of a law was "
4343:
4022:
79:
7568:
7483:
7363:
7288:
7268:
7263:
7133:
6603:
4095:"1949 Geneva Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field – Centre for International Law"
3266:
3396:
Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict, within the established framework of international law...
7583:
7508:
7418:
7373:
7318:
7238:
7198:
7178:
6532:
6439:
5280:
5248:
5148:
4899:
4068:
3652:
3034:
1003:
2953:; he was captured in Serbia in May 2011 and was extradited to face trial in The Hague, wherein he was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison.
7635:
7605:
7573:
7558:
7448:
7408:
7393:
7388:
7353:
7303:
7258:
7193:
7173:
7168:
7153:
7138:
7128:
7123:
7113:
6343:
5183:
5149:"The Atomic Bombing, The Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal and the Shimoda Case: Lessons for Anti-Nuclear Legal Movements by Yuki Tanaka and Richard Falk"
4797:
3657:
2433:
1430:
6272:
5732:
3492:
was charged for ordering extensive destruction of civilian buildings and lands while retreating from a suspected enemy attack in what is called
2972:
2582:
The ICC only has jurisdiction over these crimes when they are "part of a plan or policy or as part of a large-scale commission of such crimes".
7553:
7548:
7503:
7453:
7438:
7423:
7383:
7368:
7343:
7308:
7243:
7203:
7183:
7118:
7058:
6819:
5286:
5254:
4520:
4255:
7676:
7578:
7498:
7488:
7398:
7358:
7338:
7323:
7313:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7253:
7248:
7228:
7218:
7208:
6378:
5623:
5595:
5574:
5539:
5518:
5217:
5132:
5046:
4773:
4746:
4721:
4137:
3973:
3564:
3270:
5445:"Final Report to the Prosecutor by the Committee Established to Review the NATO Bombing Campaign Against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"
3096:, permits belligerents to engage in combat. A war crime occurs when superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering is inflicted upon an enemy.
2676:
7443:
7433:
7298:
7293:
7223:
5869:
5815:
5477:
4873:
Protocol
Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflict
4655:"Muktijuddho (Bangladesh Liberation War 1971) – Butcher of Bengal General Tikka Khan takes charge in East Pakistan – History of Bangladesh"
4281:
4072:
3580:
3178:
4820:"United States of America, Practice Relating to Rule 62. Improper Use of Flags or Military Emblems, Insignia or Uniforms of the Adversary"
3139:
convicted someone of sexual violence for the first time; specifically, they added rape to a war crimes conviction of Congo Vice President
4895:
4827:
7717:
7143:
6525:
3718:
1786:
5712:
5321:
7158:
6960:
6573:
6353:
6296:
6074:
5874:
4314:"Decision on Motion for Judgement of Acquittal in the Milosevic Case | International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia"
4198:
4153:
3255:
2925:
2247:
2148:
1981:
1759:
374:
5371:
Trials of war criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council law no. 10, Nuremberg, October 1946-April, 1949
5296:
5264:
2256:, Netherlands, in 1899 and 1907, respectively, and were, along with the Geneva Conventions, among the first formal statements of the
7671:
6965:
5679:
4204:
3290:
2418:
1435:
4982:
5347:
4614:
4229:
4003:
3259:
1513:
4876:
3376:
Extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly
2440:
Two Additional Protocols were adopted in 1977 with the third one added in 2005, completing and updating the Geneva Conventions:
1496:
7732:
6990:
6919:
6909:
6401:
6054:
3021:, but also include failures to adhere to norms of procedure and rules of battle, such as attacking those displaying a peaceful
1858:
1283:
128:
2193:
7378:
7328:
6776:
6720:
6204:
5845:
5742:
5378:
5067:
4688:
3738:
3196:
War crimes are significant in international humanitarian law because it is an area where international tribunals such as the
3116:
3007:
2362:
1622:
4498:
4375:
3979:
2928:, more commonly known by his nickname "Chemical Ali", executed by post-Ba'athist Iraq for his leadership of the gassing of
2605:
2425:
7727:
7014:
6593:
3441:(LOAC), the death of non-combatants is not necessarily a violation; there are many things to take into account. Civilians
3425:
when there is protracted armed conflict between governmental authorities and organized armed groups or between such groups
3038:
2335:
2039:
1486:
4259:
7468:
7078:
6924:
6740:
6725:
6556:
6406:
6358:
6291:
5936:
5856:
3931:
3136:
2981:
2722:
2568:
1976:
440:
4550:
7666:
6914:
6781:
6563:
6388:
4065:"Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 6 July 1906"
3615:
3610:
3163:
2665:
2358:
2132:
1986:
1173:
975:
846:
384:
4849:
2769:
was indicted for allegedly ordering the killings of protesters and civilians and crimes against humanity, during the
3830:, including those citizens who were denaturalized for concealing their involvement in war crimes in order to obtain
7007:
6812:
6618:
6548:
6450:
6373:
6286:
3886:
3861:
3647:
2919:
2873:
2774:
2160:
1450:
20:
5698:. Northwestern University School of Law Center for International Human Rights and Documentation Center of Cambodia
2918:, aka "Butcher of Bengal" was a notorious Pakistan Army General known for his war crimes in Bangladesh during the
7707:
6771:
6368:
6259:
5996:
5926:
3901:
2960:
2629:
2478:
1560:
1068:
417:
291:
145:
5107:
4398:
6243:
6064:
5991:
5909:
5899:
5808:
5773:
A Criminological Analysis of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq By Ronald C. Kramer and Raymond J. Michalowski
4286:
3851:
3753:
3684:
3575:
2830:
2715:
2411:
2388:
2113:
2011:
1878:
1425:
1118:
936:
784:
4430:
2704:
7019:
5737:
4317:
2744:, 10 of the 11 charges in total, and sentenced to 40 years' imprisonment. He was sentenced to life on appeal.
7656:
7053:
6629:
6463:
6161:
6109:
6058:
5904:
5894:
4927:"Injury profile suffered by targets of antipersonnel improvised explosive devices: prospective cohort study"
4823:
4793:
4339:
4019:
3926:
3866:
3337:
3328:(allegedly unprotected by the 1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War), many of which were then used for
3140:
3132:
3074:
2741:
2701:
2683:
2526:
2398:
2374:
2331:
2151:
for international war. In the aftermath of the Second World War, the war-crime trials of the leaders of the
2089:
1964:
1946:
1702:
1261:
1183:
1128:
726:
389:
27:
4790:"United States of America, Practice Relating to Rule 65. Perfidy, Section I. Simulation of civilian status"
7712:
7600:
7063:
7002:
6985:
6893:
6786:
6761:
6654:
6094:
5970:
5889:
3763:
3748:
3708:
3600:
3243:
3213:
3182:
3120:
2817:
2808:
2327:
2252:
The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at
2227:
2198:
2168:
1831:
1806:
1528:
1440:
1313:
1188:
789:
766:
212:
111:
5747:
5152:
3450:
kill. The destruction of property to be lawful must be imperatively demanded by the necessities of war."
2725:
7661:
6849:
6805:
6434:
6114:
6099:
6089:
6069:
6016:
5777:
5175:
3438:
3325:
3302:
3124:
3093:
2770:
2625:
2394:
was adopted in 1906 and then significantly revised and replaced by the Second Geneva Convention of 1949.
2121:
2117:
1420:
1353:
1306:
960:
923:
886:
804:
756:
640:
450:
258:
167:
4789:
3382:
Willfully depriving a prisoner of war or other protected person of the rights of fair and regular trial
2754:, is charged with three counts of genocide, crimes against humanity and other war crimes regarding the
6995:
6844:
6730:
6588:
5496:
4554:
3911:
3876:
3841:
3831:
3807:
3777:
3228:
3220:
2867:
2712:
2518:
2392:
for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea
2156:
1811:
1713:
1570:
1565:
1383:
1348:
1083:
903:
761:
697:
551:
521:
118:
5283:
5251:
2909:
2096:, and for any individual that is part of the command structure who orders any attempt to committing
7722:
7702:
6940:
6687:
6634:
6598:
6506:
6468:
6199:
6179:
5801:
5767:
5757:
5010:
4854:
3891:
3881:
3797:
3758:
3642:
3590:
3498:
3239:
3209:
2849:
2826:
2650:
2560:
Bodies of some of the hundreds of Vietnamese villagers who were killed by U.S. soldiers during the
2522:
2215:
2172:
1662:
1647:
1523:
1410:
1388:
1363:
1323:
1233:
1043:
948:
898:
665:
655:
620:
412:
402:
172:
96:
5006:"In historic ruling, international court cites rape in war crimes conviction of ex-Congo official"
4567:
7048:
6671:
6666:
6639:
6578:
6429:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6216:
6194:
6189:
6156:
6146:
6006:
6001:
5884:
5835:
5396:
4403:
3916:
3674:
3667:
3637:
3632:
3585:
3446:
3190:
3070:
2977:
2698:
2640:
2591:
2429:
2353:
2347:
2291:
2279:
2235:
2188:
2164:
2144:
2125:
1996:
1851:
1771:
1692:
1637:
1612:
1533:
1479:
1445:
1376:
1293:
1203:
1108:
1053:
943:
908:
861:
736:
707:
660:
598:
573:
407:
221:
140:
4064:
3379:
Compelling a prisoner of war or other protected person to serve in the forces of a hostile Power
3238:
The legalities of war have sometimes been accused of containing favoritism toward the winners ("
2804:
5649:
2369:
The first three conventions have been revised and expanded, with the fourth one added in 1949:
6854:
6583:
6221:
6184:
6021:
5979:
5963:
5619:
5613:
5591:
5570:
5535:
5514:
5423:
5384:
5374:
5213:
5128:
5081:
5042:
4956:
4819:
4769:
4742:
4717:
4194:
4133:
4129:
3969:
3802:
3782:
3662:
3595:
3286:
3232:
2839:
2784:
2687:
2261:
2223:
2065:
2032:
1941:
1888:
1791:
1781:
1776:
1746:
1729:
1724:
1697:
1642:
1343:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1238:
1228:
1223:
1198:
1168:
1058:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1008:
998:
913:
866:
836:
675:
468:
445:
379:
5778:
Investigating Human Rights – Reaching Out to Diaspora Communities in U.S. for War Crimes Tips
3501:
authorized the destruction because it was necessary to war. He was acquitted of that charge.
7737:
7068:
6700:
6649:
6424:
6209:
5716:
5313:
4946:
4938:
4186:
4117:
3921:
3733:
3197:
3030:
2989:
2821:
2787:
2510:
2504:
2105:
2069:
2006:
1971:
1903:
1796:
1734:
1627:
1555:
1548:
1405:
1338:
1288:
1278:
1153:
1073:
1033:
1018:
985:
970:
841:
826:
779:
687:
645:
588:
583:
541:
364:
341:
248:
177:
106:
89:
40:
2790:
was charged with several counts of human rights violations committed by his government and
2436:
that began on March 26, 2015, involved airstrikes in apparent violation of the laws of war.
6766:
6568:
6491:
6383:
6011:
5974:
5879:
5653:
5300:
5293:
5290:
5268:
5261:
5258:
4883:
4601:
4160:
4026:
4007:
3959:
3896:
3792:
3569:
3550:
3536:
3489:
3306:
3294:
3100:
3026:
2834:
2766:
2561:
2488:
2378:
for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field
2311:
2283:
2231:
2136:
1816:
1801:
1719:
1675:
1617:
1273:
1268:
1158:
1148:
1063:
1038:
980:
821:
751:
741:
680:
593:
578:
501:
473:
273:
253:
101:
5762:
4974:
2942:
2380:
was adopted in 1864 and then significantly revised and replaced by the 1906 version, the
7043:
6458:
6027:
5985:
5564:
5209:
4951:
4926:
4225:
4164:
3906:
3822:
3787:
3493:
3350:
3242:"), as some controversies have not been ruled as war crimes. Some examples include the
3058:
2985:
2905:
2885:
2863:
2853:
2747:
2679:
2672:
2653:
2614:
2610:
2299:
2001:
1991:
1739:
1163:
1123:
1101:
1088:
1078:
1048:
965:
918:
721:
712:
603:
556:
536:
526:
496:
463:
351:
308:
263:
135:
68:
4000:
3530:
3006:
War crimes are serious violations of the rules of customary and treaty law concerning
7696:
6079:
5958:
5122:
4763:
4118:
4040:
3627:
3605:
3061:
individuals behind enemy lines while so disguised is not, as it constitutes unlawful
3022:
2755:
2691:
2636:
2487:—also known as the "Lieber Code." A small number of German military personnel of the
1838:
1826:
1682:
1602:
1518:
1501:
1358:
1213:
1193:
876:
871:
851:
831:
746:
717:
692:
568:
546:
531:
506:
346:
268:
231:
226:
123:
6883:
6839:
6828:
6608:
6129:
6033:
5931:
4684:
3856:
3846:
3812:
3354:
3329:
3251:
3186:
3077:
and surrendering parachutists once landed. Article 30 of the 1907 Hague Convention
3025:, or using that same flag as a ruse to mount an attack on enemy troops. The use of
2899:
2895:
2889:
2881:
2813:
2791:
2576:
2545:
2462:
2407:
and then significantly revised and replaced by the Third Geneva Convention of 1949.
2319:
2315:
2097:
2025:
1951:
1931:
1926:
1821:
1766:
1400:
1395:
1218:
1133:
881:
615:
516:
313:
217:
5284:
Commentaries on the Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
5252:
Commentaries on the Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
5104:"The Program for Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, "Brief Primer on IHL""
2334:
as well as stated the military responsibilities of the Union soldier fighting the
5733:
Command's Responsibility: Detainee Deaths in U.S. Custody in Iraq and Afghanistan
5585:
5529:
5508:
4975:"Security Council Demands Immediate and Complete Halt to Acts of Sexual Violence"
4490:
4365:
3963:
7615:
6888:
6878:
6495:
6084:
5919:
5864:
5491:
5314:"United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect"
5089:
4942:
4178:
3723:
3689:
3516:
3247:
3108:
3082:
3066:
3050:
2956:
2950:
2509:
The modern concept of war crime was further developed under the auspices of the
2453:
2307:
2273:
2257:
2152:
2140:
2057:
1936:
1687:
1652:
1491:
1178:
1143:
856:
799:
702:
486:
207:
202:
5343:
4739:
Killer Elite: The Inside Story of America's Most Secret Special Operations Team
4190:
4042:
Instructions for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the Field
2296:
Instructions for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the Field
35:
6136:
5914:
5787:
5064:
The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: The Pursuit of Justice in the Wake of World War II
4399:"Radovan Karadzic, a Bosnian Serb, Gets 40 Years Over Genocide and War Crimes"
4251:
3871:
3713:
3522:
3512:
3466:
3310:
3155:
2915:
2737:
2556:
2444:
2323:
2286:
issued as General Order 100 on April 24, 1863, just months after the military
2109:
1893:
1863:
1585:
954:
6517:
5427:
4461:"UN appeals court increases Radovan Karadzic's sentence to life imprisonment"
3231:. Crimes against peace include planning, preparing, initiating, or waging a
2175:
extrapolated and defined additional categories of war crimes applicable to a
5388:
4125:
3333:
3298:
3282:
3274:
3104:
3042:
2998:
2843:
2572:
2485:
Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field"
2287:
2253:
2176:
2093:
1883:
1707:
1607:
1597:
1592:
1457:
1248:
1243:
1208:
650:
336:
303:
192:
44:
5678:. International Committee of the Red Cross. October 3, 2013. Archived from
4960:
4001:
The evolution of individual criminal responsibility under international law
3041:. Wearing enemy uniforms or civilian clothes to infiltrate enemy lines for
2458:
relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts.
5369:
Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945–1955: U.S. Zone) (1997).
4859:
4120:
The International Committee of the Red Cross: A Neutral Humanitarian Actor
2167:
legally defined new war crimes and established that states could exercise
2064:
responsibility for actions by combatants in action, such as intentionally
7073:
6644:
6473:
6124:
5954:
5039:
Responding to International Crime (International Studies in Human Rights)
3544:
3174:
3170:
3112:
3046:
2946:
2937:
2733:
2101:
2081:
2061:
1898:
1873:
1506:
1138:
1113:
731:
286:
160:
5531:
The conduct of hostilities under the law of international armed conflict
4711:
2529:, which are often committed during wars and in concert with war crimes.
43:(17 December 1944), where 84 U.S. prisoners of war were murdered by the
7630:
7625:
6151:
6141:
6119:
6104:
4572:
3836:
3062:
2932:
villages during the Iran-Iraq War; also governor of illegally occupied
2661:
2491:
were tried in 1921 by the German Supreme Court for alleged war crimes.
2449:
relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts.
2085:
2077:
2073:
1908:
1868:
1632:
1466:
1462:
809:
794:
670:
331:
326:
296:
235:
197:
5569:(Hardcover). Vol. 2 (Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File.
3373:
Willfully causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or health
2908:, former U.S. Army officer found guilty of murder for his role in the
2131:
The formal concept of war crimes emerged from the codification of the
7610:
6661:
4154:
Human Rights Watch: Saudi strikes in Yemen violated international law
3313:, nor the Japanese for the aerial attacks on crowded Chinese cities.
3159:
3054:
2993:
2933:
2762:
2732:. The trial began in 2010. On March 24, 2016, he was found guilty of
2647:
2303:
2219:
2202:
2171:
over war criminals. In the late 20th century and early 21st century,
1415:
816:
633:
369:
5235:
S. P. MacKenzie "The Treatment of Prisoners of War in World War II"
5695:
5557:
American Immunity: War Crimes and the Limits of International Law.
4313:
3278:
3145:
3086:
3010:, criminal offenses for which there is individual responsibility.
2971:
2751:
2621:
2604:
2555:
2424:
2192:
891:
427:
422:
34:
5422:. United States Department of Defense Office of General Counsel.
5206:
Terror from the Sky: The Bombing of German Cities in World War II
4685:"BBC News – Ratko Mladic trial: Charge sheet amended – Brammertz"
4039:
Francis Lieber, LL.D. and revised by a Board of Officers (1863).
7620:
5615:
The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War
4875:, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland.
4521:"Sudan's Forces for Freedom and Change: 'Hand Al Bashir to ICC'"
3485:
The Rendulic Rule is a standard by which commanders are judged.
3470:
3357:, the treaty that established the International Criminal Court:
3067:
enemy troops while they are being deployed by way of a parachute
2929:
2781:
187:
182:
6801:
6797:
6521:
5797:
5768:
CBC Digital Archives – Fleeing Justice: War Criminals in Canada
3265:(the most destructive single bombing raid in history), and the
5781:
5752:
5659:
5231:
5229:
4370:
4282:"ICC issues arrest warrant for Putin on war crime allegations"
3744:
The International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq
3370:
Torture or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments
3317:
2628:
demanding the death penalty for the war criminals of the 1971
60:
5793:
4491:"Omar al-Bashir: Sudan's ex-president on trial for 1989 coup"
3200:
and Tokyo Trials have been convened. Recent examples are the
2467:
relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem.
2415:
relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
5510:
An introduction to international criminal law and procedure
4637:"Fujimori gets 25 years on conviction in human rights case"
2857:
2596:
List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court
3828:
List of denaturalized former citizens of the United States
2197:
A ditch full of the bodies of Chinese civilians killed by
16:
Individual act constituting a violation of the laws of war
6711:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
5449:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
3968:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 63–66.
3572:, investigation into Australian war crimes in Afghanistan
3461:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
3202:
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
2730:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
4226:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998"
3385:
Unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement
2949:
amongst other violations of humanitarian law during the
6746:
International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
4366:"Liberia ex-leader Charles Taylor get 50 years in jail"
3316:
Controversy arose when the Allies re-designated German
3075:
attacking parachutists who eject from disabled aircraft
5563:
Horvitz, Leslie Alan; Catherwood, Christopher (2011).
4925:
Smith, S; Devine, M; Taddeo, J; McAlister, VC (2017).
4020:
highlights the first international war crimes tribunal
2417:
was first adopted in 1949, based on parts of the 1907
3099:
War crimes also include such acts as mistreatment of
3017:
include violations of established protections of the
2533:
International Military Tribunal for the Far East 1946
2501:
London Charter of the International Military Tribunal
2214:
In 1474, the first trial for a war crime was that of
4551:
Peru's Fujimori Found Guilty on Human Rights Charges
3353:
defines war crimes as described in Article 8 of the
7649:
7036:
6974:
6953:
6933:
6902:
6863:
6754:
6685:
6616:
6555:
6448:
6417:
6252:
6170:
6046:
5947:
5855:
5844:
4765:
Delta Force: The Army's Elite Counterterrorist Unit
3115:though these crimes are more broadly covered under
7594:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
6701:International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Trials)
5646:
5344:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
3069:is not a war crime. Protocol I, Article 42 of the
2963:, guerrilla group which used to operate in Uganda.
2521:). Along with war crimes the charter also defined
7682:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
3680:United States Senate Committee on the Philippines
6731:Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
6706:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
5647:Australian Bunker And Military Museum - abmm.org
4716:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 433–434.
3623:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
3107:. War crimes are sometimes part of instances of
2643:that have been charged with war crimes include:
2539:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
2434:Saudi Arabian-led military intervention in Yemen
2384:, and later the First Geneva Convention of 1949.
5753:Rome Treaty of the International Criminal Court
4615:"Peru court finds ex-president Fujimori guilty"
4595:Fujimori declared guilty of human rights abuses
3169:War crimes also included deliberate attacks on
4568:"Peru's Fujimori sentenced to 25 years prison"
4185:, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.,
3729:Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project (RULAC)
2898:, Minister of Armaments and War Production in
2260:and war crimes in the nascent body of secular
6813:
6533:
5809:
4431:"Karadzic sentenced to 40 years for genocide"
2552:Formation of the International Criminal Court
2402:relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
2033:
8:
5788:UK's Geneva Conventions (Amendment) Act 1995
5559:Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
5041:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 358.
2871:
2777:in October 2011 before he could stand trial.
5401:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5239:, Vol. 66, No. 3. (Sep. 1994), pp. 487–520.
5124:Victors' Justice: From Nuremberg to Baghdad
4762:Beckwith, Charlie A.; Knox, Donald (2003).
4177:Day, L. Edward; Vandiver, Margaret (2003),
3818:International Criminal Court investigations
6978:
6871:
6820:
6806:
6798:
6716:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
6540:
6526:
6518:
6445:
5852:
5816:
5802:
5794:
4741:. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press.
3322:1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War
3206:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
2517:that was published on August 8, 1945 (see
2163:defines what is a war crime. In 1949, the
2040:
2026:
50:
6736:Special Panels of the Dili District Court
5738:TheRule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project
5566:Encyclopedia of War Crimes & Genocide
4950:
4045:(1st ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand
3954:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3267:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3152:Soviet prisoners of war killed by Germans
3035:numerous chemical arms control agreements
2820:who was known for his involvement in the
2617:(right), wanted by the ICC for war crimes
2278:The Lieber Code was written early in the
6440:Post-conflict reception of war criminals
5174:Javier Guisández Gómez (June 30, 1998).
4900:International Committee of the Red Cross
4183:Encyclopedia of Murder and Violent Crime
4069:International Committee of the Red Cross
3704:American Service-Members' Protection Act
3281:never prosecuted the Germans, including
3079:IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land
2620:
1004:List of military strategies and concepts
39:A U.S. soldier observing victims of the
7514:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
5715:. Crimes of War Project. Archived from
5420:Department of Defense law of war manual
4906:from the original on September 26, 2013
4830:from the original on September 26, 2013
4800:from the original on September 26, 2013
4340:"Trial of Charles Taylor ends – Europe"
3944:
3658:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
3407:
3193:and therefore constituted a war crime.
3085:to punish enemy spies without previous
2664:and deportation into Russia during the
2571:(ICC), a treaty-based court located in
2112:despite surrender, the conscription of
58:
7606:List of human rights abuses by country
7094:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
7059:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
5394:
5324:from the original on November 23, 2020
5018:from the original on November 10, 2021
4691:from the original on February 24, 2012
4557:, 7 April 2009. Accessed 7 April 2009.
4256:United Nations Office of Legal Affairs
4075:from the original on February 22, 2014
7677:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5676:"International criminal jurisdiction"
5439:
5437:
5414:
5412:
5350:from the original on October 19, 2013
5180:International Review of the Red Cross
4531:from the original on November 6, 2019
4501:from the original on February 1, 2021
4262:from the original on October 19, 2013
4232:from the original on October 19, 2013
4029:by Linda Grant, Harvard Law Bulletin.
3565:Allied war crimes during World War II
3271:strategic bombing during World War II
7:
5870:Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
5037:Geoff Gilbert (September 30, 2006).
4985:from the original on August 23, 2014
4320:from the original on August 18, 2017
3965:Cassese's International Criminal Law
2495:London Charter/Nuremberg trials 1945
2080:, unnecessarily destroying civilian
5455:from the original on March 31, 2022
4441:from the original on March 26, 2016
4411:from the original on March 24, 2016
4378:from the original on March 21, 2022
4294:from the original on March 17, 2023
3982:from the original on April 29, 2016
3719:Metropolitan Police War Crimes Unit
3092:The rule of war, also known as the
7104:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
6966:National human rights institutions
6961:List of human rights organisations
5875:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
5186:from the original on April 3, 2013
4397:Simons, Marlise (March 24, 2016).
4346:from the original on April 1, 2011
4252:"Rome Statute, Part II, Article 8"
4207:from the original on April 3, 2022
3473:pilots hit a civilian object (the
3033:in warfare are also prohibited by
2926:Ali Hassan Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti
2248:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
2149:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
14:
6364:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
5151:. Wagingpeace.org. Archived from
5121:Zolo, Danilo (November 2, 2009).
4665:from the original on July 9, 2021
4635:Partlow, Joshua (April 8, 2009).
3212:acting under Chapter VIII of the
2756:war in the Darfur region of Sudan
2694:in the aftermath of World War II.
7089:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
6502:
6501:
6307:Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
5711:Burns, John (January 30, 2008).
3628:Islamic State war crime findings
3543:
3529:
3515:
3208:, which were established by the
2635:To date, the present and former
2143:(1863) of the Union Army in the
2135:that applied to warfare between
78:
7214:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
6920:Natural rights and legal rights
6910:Claim rights and liberty rights
6397:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
5086:Understanding International Law
3433:Legality of civilian casualties
2513:based on the definition in the
2234:, von Hagenbach was convicted,
7084:against Palestinians by Israel
6777:International humanitarian law
6721:Special Court for Sierra Leone
5758:Special Court for Sierra Leone
5618:. Cambridge University Press.
5590:. Cambridge University Press.
5534:. Cambridge University Press.
5513:. Cambridge University Press.
5068:Harvard University Asia Center
5004:Kevin Sieff (March 21, 2016).
3739:Special Court for Sierra Leone
3189:to go beyond justification of
3117:international humanitarian law
3008:international humanitarian law
2856:, high-ranking members of the
2656:, for his contribution in the
2363:international humanitarian law
2060:that gives rise to individual
1:
5237:The Journal of Modern History
5062:Yuma Totani (April 1, 2009).
4053:– via Internet Archive.
3320:(under the protection of the
3039:Biological Weapons Convention
2658:illegal abduction of children
2613:(left) and Russian President
2601:Heads of state and government
2336:Confederate States of America
2298:(Lieber Code) was written by
6925:Negative and positive rights
6741:Special Tribunal for Lebanon
6726:International Criminal Court
5937:International Criminal Court
5497:Resources in other libraries
3932:Winter Soldier Investigation
3297:, and British cities during
3137:International Criminal Court
2996:in 1940 for mass execution (
2888:, Commander in Chief of the
2842:, Commander in Chief of the
2569:International Criminal Court
7667:List of human rights awards
7539:in the United Arab Emirates
6915:Individual and group rights
6782:International speech crimes
6564:Customary international law
6337:Russian invasion of Ukraine
5763:Ad-Hoc Court for East Timor
5696:"Cambodia Tribunal Monitor"
4943:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014697
4687:. Bbc.co.uk. June 1, 2011.
3653:Kashmir human rights abuses
3616:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
3611:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
3475:Chinese embassy in Belgrade
3289:, for the bombing raids on
2666:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2359:customary international law
2133:customary international law
1497:Military–industrial complex
976:Operational manoeuvre group
7754:
7718:International criminal law
7589:of the Marcos dictatorship
6604:Convention Against Torture
6549:International criminal law
6311:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
5555:Hagopian, Patrick (2013).
5346:. UN Treaty Organization.
4882:December 10, 2008, at the
4850:"Military Legal Resources"
4228:. UN Treaty Organization.
4191:10.4135/9781412950619.n482
4116:David P. Forsythe (2007).
3887:Satellite Sentinel Project
3862:Nazi human experimentation
3832:that country's citizenship
3013:Colloquial definitions of
2920:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
2874:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht
2750:, former head of state of
2609:Former Sudanese President
2589:
2536:
2498:
2476:
2345:
2271:
2245:
2186:
2161:international criminal law
25:
21:War crime (disambiguation)
18:
7534:in the State of Palestine
7519:in the Dominican Republic
7099:during the Gaddafi regime
6981:
6874:
6835:
6772:Joint criminal enterprise
6488:
5997:Joint criminal enterprise
5927:Responsibility to protect
5831:
5584:Shaw, Malcolm N. (2008).
5492:Resources in your library
5299:October 23, 2013, at the
5267:October 23, 2013, at the
4006:10 September 2009 at the
3902:State-sponsored terrorism
3049:missions is a legitimate
2630:Bangladesh Liberation War
2479:Leipzig war crimes trials
2068:or intentionally killing
1561:Loss-of-strength gradient
418:Combat information center
6692:(in order of foundation)
5528:Dinstein, Yôrām (2004).
5176:"The Law of Air Warfare"
3852:Military use of children
3754:War Crimes Law (Belgium)
3685:United States war crimes
2412:Fourth Geneva Convention
2389:Second Geneva Convention
2314:. Lincoln made the Code
2114:children in the military
1879:Military science fiction
1364:Technology and equipment
785:List of military tactics
26:Not to be confused with
7657:History of human rights
7064:Enforced disappearances
7054:Crimes against humanity
6630:Crimes against humanity
6464:Crimes against humanity
6302:Libyan civil war (2011)
6162:Wartime sexual violence
6110:Human trophy collecting
6095:Enforced disappearances
5790:– which bans war crimes
5662:. Amnesty International
5660:"Amnesty International"
5652:March 30, 2022, at the
5612:Solis, Gary D. (2010).
4824:International Red Cross
4794:International Red Cross
4737:Smith, Michael (2007).
3927:Wartime sexual violence
3867:NKVD prisoner massacres
3338:Third Geneva Convention
3181:, such as the Japanese
3141:Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo
3133:wartime sexual violence
3121:crimes against humanity
2976:A picture taken by the
2792:affiliated death squads
2742:crimes against humanity
2527:crimes against humanity
2399:Third Geneva Convention
2375:First Geneva Convention
2332:crimes against humanity
2116:and flouting the legal
2090:wartime sexual violence
1947:Wartime sexual violence
1703:Full-spectrum dominance
1514:Supply-chain management
28:Crimes against humanity
7733:Violence against women
7601:Incitement to genocide
6894:Universal jurisdiction
6787:Universal jurisdiction
6762:Command responsibility
6655:Incitement to genocide
6594:United Nations Charter
6115:Indiscriminate attacks
6100:Extrajudicial killings
5971:Command responsibility
5743:Iraqi Special Tribunal
5507:Cryer, Robert (2007).
5289:April 4, 2013, at the
5257:April 4, 2013, at the
5084:(September 22, 2004).
4342:. Al Jazeera English.
4159:July 22, 2015, at the
4025:April 3, 2022, at the
3764:War Crimes Act of 1996
3749:Universal jurisdiction
3709:Command responsibility
3690:Vietnam War#War crimes
3601:Consequences of Nazism
3305:on Allied cities with
3303:indiscriminate attacks
3261:Operation Meetinghouse
3256:firebombing of Dresden
3183:attack on Pearl Harbor
3166:
3164:German-occupied Poland
3003:
2961:Lord's Resistance Army
2872:
2818:Imperial Japanese Army
2809:Imperial Japanese Army
2723:Bosnian Serb President
2632:
2618:
2564:
2437:
2328:command responsibility
2294:. General Order 100,
2228:command responsibility
2206:
2169:universal jurisdiction
2056:is a violation of the
1859:Awards and decorations
1832:Peace through strength
1807:Low-intensity conflict
1441:Conscientious objector
1314:Area of responsibility
48:
7662:List of global issues
6435:List of global issues
6264:Gaza–Israel conflict
6090:Desecration of graves
6070:Collective punishment
5748:Crimes of War Project
5212:. 2010. p. 167.
4862:on December 18, 2017.
4600:10 April 2009 at the
4105:on February 21, 2014.
3497:risk but argued that
3439:law of armed conflict
3326:Disarmed Enemy Forces
3149:
3125:U.N. Security Council
3094:Law of Armed Conflict
3053:, though fighting in
2975:
2771:2011 Libyan civil war
2626:2013 Shahbag protests
2624:
2608:
2567:On July 1, 2002, the
2559:
2428:
2310:, and veteran of the
2196:
2159:of law, such as that
451:Torpedo data computer
441:Ship gun fire-control
38:
7728:Violence against men
7544:in the United States
7319:in Jammu and Kashmir
6865:Fundamental concepts
6688:International courts
6589:Nuremberg principles
6490:‡ Does not apply to
6469:Crimes of aggression
6451:international crimes
6349:Sri Lankan Civil War
6157:Use of human shields
6055:humanitarian workers
5731:Human Rights First;
5719:on December 31, 2008
5713:"Quarter, Giving No"
5082:Stephen C. McCaffrey
3912:Transitional justice
3877:Nuremberg Principles
3842:Mass atrocity crimes
3808:Forensic archaeology
3778:Chronicles of Terror
3269:. In regard to the
3229:crimes against peace
3221:Nuremberg Principles
2868:Generalfeldmarschall
2523:crimes against peace
2519:Nuremberg principles
2173:international courts
2157:Nuremberg principles
1977:Military occupations
1812:Military engineering
1714:Unrestricted Warfare
1571:Force multiplication
469:Military manoeuvrers
19:For other uses, see
7529:in the Soviet Union
7429:in Papua New Guinea
7079:Human rights abuses
7037:Human rights abuses
6941:Corporal punishment
6635:Crime of aggression
6599:Genocide Convention
6327:Russo-Ukrainian War
5964:Civilian casualties
5373:. William S. Hein.
5092:. pp. 210–229.
5011:The Washington Post
4855:Library of Congress
3892:Srebrenica massacre
3882:Razakars (Pakistan)
3798:Crime of aggression
3759:War Crimes Act 1991
3643:Japanese war crimes
3591:East Timor Genocide
3576:Bangladesh genocide
3285:commander-in-chief
3227:are different from
3210:UN Security Council
3081:explicitly forbids
3073:explicitly forbids
2984:rounding up Polish
2850:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
2641:heads of government
2586:Prominent indictees
2419:Hague Convention IV
2405:was adopted in 1929
2330:for war crimes and
2216:Peter von Hagenbach
1663:Penal military unit
1648:Rules of engagement
1324:Command and control
949:Operations research
413:Director (military)
403:Fire-control system
173:Command and control
54:Part of a series on
7524:in the Philippines
7049:Crime of apartheid
6640:Crime of apartheid
6579:Geneva Conventions
6430:War crime apologia
6344:Second Chechen War
6047:War crimes by type
6007:Military necessity
6002:Medical neutrality
5920:Protocol II (1977)
5885:Geneva Conventions
5836:List of war crimes
5110:on April 19, 2010.
4710:Shaw, M.N (2008).
4437:. March 24, 2016.
4404:The New York Times
4290:. March 17, 2023.
3917:Unlawful combatant
3675:Turkish war crimes
3668:Russian war crimes
3638:Italian war crimes
3633:Israeli war crimes
3586:British war crimes
3581:Bihari persecution
3447:military necessity
3388:Taking of hostages
3191:military necessity
3167:
3071:Geneva Conventions
3031:biological weapons
3004:
2982:Nazi Secret Police
2978:Polish Underground
2916:General Tikka Khan
2816:, general of the
2794:during his regime.
2713:Liberian President
2705:Slobodan Milošević
2633:
2619:
2592:List of war crimes
2565:
2438:
2354:Geneva Conventions
2348:Geneva Conventions
2342:Geneva Conventions
2292:Mankato, Minnesota
2280:American Civil War
2236:condemned to death
2207:
2189:List of war crimes
2165:Geneva Conventions
2145:American Civil War
2126:military necessity
2108:, the granting of
1772:Counter-insurgency
1693:Command of the sea
1638:Jewish laws on war
1613:Geneva Conventions
1149:Divide and conquer
944:Military operation
909:Tactical objective
408:Fire-control radar
385:Electronic-warfare
49:
7690:
7689:
7672:Three generations
7032:
7031:
6949:
6948:
6795:
6794:
6621:international law
6584:Nuremberg Charter
6574:Hague Conventions
6515:
6514:
6484:
6483:
6425:War crimes trials
6253:War crimes by war
6042:
6041:
6022:Protected persons
5915:Protocol I (1977)
5682:on March 17, 2010
5625:978-0-521-87088-7
5597:978-0-521-72814-0
5587:International law
5576:978-0-8160-8083-0
5541:978-0-521-54227-2
5520:978-0-521-87609-4
5478:Library resources
5219:978-1-84545-844-7
5155:on March 18, 2012
5134:978-1-84467-317-9
5048:978-90-04-15276-2
4775:978-0-380-80939-4
4748:978-0-312-36272-0
4723:978-0-521-89929-1
4713:International Law
4497:. July 21, 2020.
4471:on March 22, 2019
4139:978-0-415-34151-6
3975:978-0-19-969492-1
3783:Civilian internee
3663:Soviet war crimes
3648:Korean War crimes
3596:German war crimes
3332:such as clearing
3246:' destruction of
3233:war of aggression
2807:, general of the
2740:, war crimes and
2716:Charles G. Taylor
2262:international law
2242:Hague Conventions
2224:Holy Roman Empire
2218:, realised by an
2199:Japanese soldiers
2066:killing civilians
2050:
2049:
1942:Horses in warfare
1889:Anti-war movement
1792:Gunboat diplomacy
1782:Disaster response
1730:Philosophy of war
1725:Principles of war
1698:Deterrence theory
1643:Right of conquest
1566:Lanchester's laws
1334:Principles of war
1024:Counter-offensive
1009:Military campaign
914:Target saturation
837:Counterinsurgency
446:Gun data computer
380:Close air support
342:Aircraft carriers
7745:
7708:Aftermath of war
7444:in Punjab, India
7069:Forced migration
6979:
6872:
6867:and philosophies
6822:
6815:
6808:
6799:
6755:Related concepts
6693:
6650:Genocidal intent
6542:
6535:
6528:
6519:
6505:
6504:
6446:
6354:Syrian civil war
6297:2006 Lebanon War
6260:Afghanistan wars
6012:Prisoners of war
5853:
5848:humanitarian law
5818:
5811:
5804:
5795:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5580:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5524:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5441:
5432:
5431:
5416:
5407:
5406:
5400:
5392:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5310:
5304:
5278:
5272:
5246:
5240:
5233:
5224:
5223:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5182:(323): 347–363.
5171:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5106:. Archived from
5100:
5094:
5093:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4954:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4892:
4886:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4858:. Archived from
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4611:
4605:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4564:
4558:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4467:. Archived from
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4374:. May 30, 2012.
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4179:"War Atrocities"
4174:
4168:
4167:. June 30, 2015.
4150:
4144:
4143:
4123:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4101:. Archived from
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4036:
4030:
4017:
4011:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3960:Cassese, Antonio
3956:
3922:War and genocide
3734:Russell Tribunal
3558:Country listings
3553:
3548:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3307:V-1 flying bombs
3240:Victor's justice
3198:Nuremberg Trials
3150:A mass grave of
3101:prisoners of war
2959:, leader of the
2877:
2827:Seishirō Itagaki
2822:Nanjing Massacre
2788:Alberto Fujimori
2726:Radovan Karadžić
2511:Nuremberg trials
2505:Nuremberg trials
2238:, and beheaded.
2222:tribunal of the
2155:established the
2137:sovereign states
2106:ethnic cleansing
2070:prisoners of war
2042:
2035:
2028:
1797:Humanitarian aid
1735:Security dilemma
1556:Power projection
1339:Economy of force
1319:Chain of command
1034:Defence in depth
1019:Commerce raiding
842:Defeat in detail
178:Defense ministry
82:
73:
72:
63:
51:
41:Malmedy massacre
7753:
7752:
7748:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7693:
7692:
7691:
7686:
7645:
7474:in South Africa
7464:in Sierra Leone
7459:in Saudi Arabia
7189:in Burkina Faso
7144:in Azad Kashmir
7028:
6970:
6945:
6929:
6898:
6868:
6866:
6859:
6850:Intersex people
6831:
6826:
6796:
6791:
6767:Superior orders
6750:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6681:
6623:
6620:
6612:
6569:Peremptory norm
6551:
6546:
6516:
6511:
6492:airborne forces
6480:
6459:Atrocity crimes
6444:
6413:
6248:
6173:committed by...
6172:
6166:
6075:Criminal orders
6038:
6017:Proportionality
5975:Superior orders
5943:
5880:Geneva Protocol
5847:
5840:
5827:
5822:
5722:
5720:
5710:
5701:
5699:
5694:
5685:
5683:
5674:
5665:
5663:
5658:
5654:Wayback Machine
5643:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5611:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5583:
5577:
5562:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5527:
5521:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5474:
5472:Further reading
5469:
5468:
5458:
5456:
5443:
5442:
5435:
5418:
5417:
5410:
5393:
5381:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5353:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5327:
5325:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5301:Wayback Machine
5291:Wayback Machine
5279:
5275:
5269:Wayback Machine
5259:Wayback Machine
5247:
5243:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5189:
5187:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5158:
5156:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5135:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5061:
5060:
5056:
5049:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5021:
5019:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4988:
4986:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4909:
4907:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4884:Wayback Machine
4871:
4867:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4831:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4801:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4776:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4749:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4692:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4668:
4666:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4602:Wayback Machine
4593:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4576:. April 7, 2009
4566:
4565:
4561:
4548:
4544:
4534:
4532:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4474:
4472:
4465:Washington Post
4459:
4458:
4454:
4444:
4442:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4414:
4412:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4381:
4379:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4323:
4321:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4297:
4295:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4263:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4210:
4208:
4201:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4161:Wayback Machine
4151:
4147:
4140:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4046:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4027:Wayback Machine
4018:
4014:
4008:Wayback Machine
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3976:
3958:
3957:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3897:State terrorism
3793:Commissar order
3773:
3768:
3699:
3694:
3570:Brereton Report
3560:
3551:Genocide portal
3549:
3542:
3537:Politics portal
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3511:
3490:Lothar Rendulic
3488:German General
3483:
3463:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3391:
3367:Willful killing
3347:
3301:as well as the
3135:. In 2016, the
3129:Resolution 1820
3123:. In 2008, the
2970:
2945:, indicted for
2910:Mỹ Lai massacre
2835:Empire of Japan
2805:Yoshijirō Umezu
2801:
2767:Muammar Gaddafi
2684:Prime Ministers
2603:
2598:
2590:Main articles:
2588:
2562:My Lai Massacre
2554:
2541:
2535:
2507:
2499:Main articles:
2497:
2489:First World War
2481:
2475:
2432:wrote that the
2350:
2344:
2320:wartime conduct
2312:Napoleonic Wars
2284:Abraham Lincoln
2276:
2270:
2250:
2244:
2232:superior orders
2212:
2191:
2185:
2122:proportionality
2084:, deception by
2046:
2017:
2016:
1967:
1957:
1956:
1922:
1914:
1913:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1817:Multilateralism
1802:Law enforcement
1762:
1752:
1751:
1720:Just war theory
1678:
1668:
1667:
1618:Geneva Protocol
1588:
1578:
1577:
1551:
1541:
1540:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1309:
1299:
1298:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1184:Network-centric
1104:
1094:
1093:
1001:
991:
990:
939:
929:
928:
877:Rapid dominance
782:
772:
771:
727:Electromagnetic
636:
626:
625:
612:
565:
513:
489:
479:
478:
474:Combat training
455:
432:
398:Combat systems:
394:
356:
352:Auxiliary ships
318:
278:
274:Military police
240:
163:
153:
152:
92:
66:
65:
64:
59:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7751:
7749:
7741:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7695:
7694:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7653:
7651:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7597:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7494:in Switzerland
7491:
7486:
7481:
7479:in South Korea
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7414:in North Korea
7411:
7406:
7404:in New Zealand
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7349:in Kyrgyzstan
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7234:in El Salvador
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7159:in Balochistan
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7109:in Afghanistan
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7044:Atrocity crime
7040:
7038:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7024:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6982:
6976:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6968:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6937:
6935:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6875:
6869:
6864:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6827:
6825:
6824:
6817:
6810:
6802:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6697:
6695:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6626:
6624:
6619:Crimes against
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6545:
6544:
6537:
6530:
6522:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6455:
6453:
6443:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6421:
6419:
6418:Related topics
6415:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6399:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6381:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6334:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6270:
6262:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6239:United Kingdom
6236:
6231:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6176:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6105:Hostage-taking
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6065:Child soldiers
6062:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6028:Ruse de guerre
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5986:Hors de combat
5982:
5977:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5959:non-combatants
5951:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5929:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5850:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5813:
5806:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5785:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5729:
5708:
5692:
5672:
5656:
5642:
5641:External links
5639:
5638:
5637:
5624:
5609:
5596:
5581:
5575:
5560:
5553:
5540:
5525:
5519:
5500:
5499:
5494:
5488:
5487:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5433:
5408:
5379:
5361:
5335:
5305:
5273:
5241:
5225:
5218:
5210:Berghahn Books
5197:
5166:
5140:
5133:
5113:
5095:
5073:
5054:
5047:
5029:
4996:
4979:United Nations
4966:
4937:(7): e014697.
4917:
4887:
4865:
4841:
4811:
4781:
4774:
4754:
4747:
4729:
4722:
4702:
4676:
4646:
4627:
4606:
4587:
4559:
4555:Bloomberg News
4542:
4512:
4482:
4452:
4422:
4389:
4357:
4331:
4305:
4273:
4243:
4217:
4200:978-0761924371
4199:
4169:
4165:Deutsche Welle
4145:
4138:
4108:
4086:
4056:
4031:
4012:
3993:
3974:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3907:Terror bombing
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3825:
3823:Katyn massacre
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:Doctors' Trial
3800:
3795:
3790:
3788:Commando order
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3540:
3526:
3510:
3507:
3494:scorched earth
3482:
3479:
3462:
3459:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3351:United Nations
3346:
3345:United Nations
3343:
3287:Hermann Göring
3254:, such as the
3250:cities during
3179:neutral states
2986:intelligentsia
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2940:
2938:First Gulf War
2923:
2913:
2906:William Calley
2903:
2893:
2879:
2870:, head of the
2864:Wilhelm Keitel
2861:
2854:Adolf Eichmann
2847:
2840:Hermann Göring
2837:
2824:
2811:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2778:
2759:
2748:Omar al-Bashir
2745:
2719:
2709:
2695:
2669:
2654:Vladimir Putin
2637:heads of state
2615:Vladimir Putin
2611:Omar al-Bashir
2602:
2599:
2587:
2584:
2553:
2550:
2537:Main article:
2534:
2531:
2515:London Charter
2496:
2493:
2477:Main article:
2474:
2473:Leipzig trials
2471:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2423:
2422:
2408:
2395:
2385:
2346:Main article:
2343:
2340:
2282:and President
2272:Main article:
2269:
2266:
2246:Main article:
2243:
2240:
2211:
2210:Early examples
2208:
2184:
2181:
2139:, such as the
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1982:Military terms
1979:
1974:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1740:Tripwire force
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1262:Administrative
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1189:New generation
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:Fleet in being
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1102:Grand strategy
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:Scorched earth
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1002:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
966:Deep operation
963:
958:
951:
946:
940:
935:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
895:
894:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
813:
812:
807:
802:
792:
783:
778:
777:
774:
773:
770:
769:
767:Unconventional
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
715:
713:Disinformation
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
684:
683:
678:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
637:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
618:
611:
610:
609:
608:
607:
606:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
564:
563:
562:
561:
560:
559:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
512:
511:
510:
509:
504:
499:
490:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
476:
471:
466:
464:Basic training
461:
454:
453:
448:
443:
438:
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
393:
392:
390:Reconnaissance
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
355:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
317:
316:
311:
309:Special forces
306:
301:
300:
299:
289:
284:
277:
276:
271:
266:
264:Reconnaissance
261:
256:
251:
246:
239:
238:
229:
224:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
164:
159:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:
149:
148:
143:
133:
132:
131:
126:
116:
115:
114:
107:Post-classical
104:
99:
93:
88:
87:
84:
83:
75:
74:
56:
55:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7750:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7713:Crime by type
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7648:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7564:in Uzbekistan
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7454:in the Russia
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7334:in Kazakhstan
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7164:in Bangladesh
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7149:in Azerbaijan
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7035:
7025:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7015:South America
7013:
7011:
7009:
7008:North America
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6973:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6954:Organizations
6952:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6932:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6873:
6870:
6862:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6830:
6823:
6818:
6816:
6811:
6809:
6804:
6803:
6800:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6689:
6684:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6667:Slave trading
6665:
6663:
6660:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6615:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6543:
6538:
6536:
6531:
6529:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6508:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6487:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6447:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6403:
6402:Yugoslav Wars
6400:
6398:
6395:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6332:War in Donbas
6330:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6244:United States
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6169:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6130:Mass killings
6128:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6085:Death marches
6083:
6081:
6080:Death flights
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6045:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5910:Fourth (1949)
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5900:Second (1949)
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:International
5843:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5826:
5819:
5814:
5812:
5807:
5805:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5718:
5714:
5709:
5697:
5693:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5661:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5627:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5610:
5599:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5543:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5471:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5372:
5365:
5362:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5198:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5170:
5167:
5154:
5150:
5144:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5117:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5070:. p. 57.
5069:
5065:
5058:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5040:
5033:
5030:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5000:
4997:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4970:
4967:
4962:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4921:
4918:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4834:September 22,
4829:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4804:September 22,
4799:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4758:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4740:
4733:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4706:
4703:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4642:
4638:
4631:
4628:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4591:
4588:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4549:Emery, Alex.
4546:
4543:
4530:
4526:
4525:Radio Dabanga
4522:
4516:
4513:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4393:
4390:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4332:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4218:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4112:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4044:
4043:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4002:
3997:
3994:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3771:Miscellaneous
3770:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:The Holocaust
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3532:
3527:
3524:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3481:Rendulic Rule
3480:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3432:
3421:
3418:
3411:
3408:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3263:raid on Tokyo
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3119:described as
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3059:assassinating
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3023:flag of truce
3020:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:Kuniaki Koiso
2689:
2686:and Generals
2685:
2682:and Japanese
2681:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2540:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2326:. It defined
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2205:, China, 1938
2204:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2098:mass killings
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Warrior caste
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1839:Show of force
1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:Peacebuilding
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Air supremacy
1681:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:Islamic rules
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:Court-martial
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:Arms industry
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:Broken-backed
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
994:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
961:Expeditionary
959:
957:
956:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
938:
933:
932:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Counterattack
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
786:
781:
776:
775:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
757:Psychological
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
693:Combined arms
691:
689:
686:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
635:
630:
629:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
605:
602:
601:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
570:
567:
566:
558:
555:
554:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
532:Fortification
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
518:
515:
514:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
492:
491:
488:
483:
482:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
353:
350:
348:
347:Landing craft
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
298:
295:
294:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
237:
233:
232:Standing army
230:
228:
225:
223:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
162:
157:
156:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
130:
127:
125:
124:pike and shot
122:
121:
120:
117:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
91:
86:
85:
81:
77:
76:
70:
62:
57:
53:
52:
46:
42:
37:
33:
29:
22:
7640:
7569:in Venezuela
7484:in Sri Lanka
7364:in Lithuania
7289:in Indonesia
7269:in Hong Kong
7264:in Guatemala
7134:in Australia
7124:in Argentina
6975:By continent
6903:Distinctions
6884:Positive law
6829:Human rights
6676:
6609:Rome Statute
6496:paratroopers
6387:
6386: /
6374:World War II
6273:2023–present
6222:Soviet Union
6059:parachutists
6057: /
6034:Safe conduct
6026:
5984:
5973: /
5932:Rome Statute
5905:Third (1949)
5895:First (1949)
5824:
5723:December 17,
5721:. Retrieved
5717:the original
5702:December 17,
5700:. Retrieved
5684:. Retrieved
5680:the original
5664:. Retrieved
5631:November 14,
5629:. Retrieved
5614:
5603:November 14,
5601:. Retrieved
5586:
5565:
5556:
5547:November 14,
5545:. Retrieved
5530:
5509:
5482:
5457:. Retrieved
5448:
5419:
5370:
5364:
5352:. Retrieved
5338:
5326:. Retrieved
5317:
5308:
5276:
5244:
5236:
5205:
5200:
5188:. Retrieved
5179:
5169:
5157:. Retrieved
5153:the original
5143:
5123:
5116:
5108:the original
5098:
5085:
5076:
5063:
5057:
5038:
5032:
5020:. Retrieved
5009:
4999:
4987:. Retrieved
4978:
4969:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4908:. Retrieved
4890:
4877:(Protocol I)
4872:
4868:
4860:the original
4853:
4844:
4832:. Retrieved
4814:
4802:. Retrieved
4784:
4764:
4757:
4738:
4732:
4712:
4705:
4693:. Retrieved
4679:
4667:. Retrieved
4658:
4649:
4640:
4630:
4618:. Retrieved
4609:
4590:
4578:. Retrieved
4571:
4562:
4545:
4533:. Retrieved
4524:
4515:
4503:. Retrieved
4494:
4485:
4473:. Retrieved
4469:the original
4464:
4455:
4443:. Retrieved
4434:
4425:
4413:. Retrieved
4402:
4392:
4380:. Retrieved
4369:
4360:
4348:. Retrieved
4334:
4322:. Retrieved
4308:
4296:. Retrieved
4285:
4276:
4264:. Retrieved
4246:
4234:. Retrieved
4220:
4209:, retrieved
4182:
4172:
4148:
4119:
4111:
4103:the original
4098:
4089:
4077:. Retrieved
4059:
4047:. Retrieved
4041:
4034:
4015:
3996:
3984:. Retrieved
3964:
3857:Mukti Bahini
3847:Mass killing
3813:Human shield
3697:Legal issues
3503:
3487:
3484:
3464:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3436:
3420:
3410:
3355:Rome statute
3348:
3330:forced labor
3315:
3260:
3252:World War II
3237:
3224:
3218:
3195:
3187:Tokyo Trials
3168:
3098:
3091:
3083:belligerents
3078:
3065:. Attacking
3018:
3014:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2943:Ratko Mladić
2900:Nazi Germany
2896:Albert Speer
2890:Kriegsmarine
2882:Erich Raeder
2831:War minister
2814:Iwane Matsui
2708:trial ended.
2634:
2581:
2577:Rome Statute
2566:
2546:World War II
2542:
2508:
2484:
2482:
2466:
2463:Protocol III
2457:
2448:
2439:
2414:
2401:
2391:
2382:1929 version
2377:
2368:
2351:
2316:military law
2306:, political
2300:Franz Lieber
2295:
2277:
2251:
2213:
2130:
2118:distinctions
2053:
2051:
1952:Fifth column
1932:War resister
1927:Women in war
1822:Peacekeeping
1767:Arms control
1712:
1657:
1401:Mobilization
1396:Conscription
1354:Intelligence
1307:Organization
953:
882:Encirclement
762:Radiological
698:Conventional
552:Subterranean
459:Development:
458:
435:
397:
359:
322:Naval units:
321:
314:Signal corps
281:
259:Intelligence
244:Specialties:
243:
168:Organization
119:Early modern
32:
7616:Persecution
7584:in Zimbabwe
7509:in Thailand
7419:in Pakistan
7374:in Malaysia
7239:in Ethiopia
7199:in Cambodia
7179:in Botswana
6991:Middle East
6889:Sovereignty
6879:Natural law
6369:World War I
6359:Tigray war
6053:Attacks on
5980:Distinction
5865:Lieber Code
5354:October 13,
5328:October 18,
5090:AuthorHouse
4535:February 5,
4505:February 5,
4266:October 18,
4236:October 13,
4211:October 12,
3724:Rule of law
3311:V-2 rockets
3109:mass murder
3051:ruse of war
3019:laws of war
2957:Joseph Kony
2951:Bosnian War
2936:during the
2886:Großadmiral
2688:Hideki Tōjō
2680:Karl Dönitz
2673:Großadmiral
2454:Protocol II
2308:philosopher
2302:, a German
2274:Lieber Code
2268:Lieber Code
2258:laws of war
2153:Axis powers
2141:Lieber Code
2058:laws of war
1937:War studies
1760:Non-warfare
1688:Appeasement
1653:Martial law
1492:War economy
1431:Transgender
1384:Recruitment
1144:Containment
1029:Culminating
937:Operational
857:Envelopment
800:Air assault
681:Air cavalry
641:Air defence
621:Information
522:Cold-region
487:Battlespace
436:Historical:
282:Land units:
208:Space force
203:Coast guard
136:Late modern
97:Prehistoric
7723:Law of war
7703:War crimes
7697:Categories
7641:War crimes
7574:in Vietnam
7559:in Ukraine
7449:in Romania
7409:in Nigeria
7394:in Myanmar
7389:in Morocco
7379:in Manipur
7354:in Lebanon
7329:in Kashmir
7304:in Ireland
7259:in Germany
7194:in Burundi
7174:in Bolivia
7169:in Belarus
7154:in Bahrain
7139:in Austria
7129:in Armenia
7114:in Algeria
6672:Starvation
6407:Kosovo War
6320:Second war
6292:Korean War
6171:War crimes
6147:Starvation
6137:No quarter
5825:War crimes
5380:1575882159
4641:Boston.com
4604:(Spanish).
4324:August 17,
4287:Al Jazeera
4128:. p.
4099:nus.edu.sg
4049:August 23,
3986:October 5,
3939:References
3872:No quarter
3714:Law of war
3523:Law portal
3467:Yugoslavia
3437:Under the
3334:minefields
3225:war crimes
3219:Under the
3214:UN Charter
3156:Stalag 307
2968:Definition
2775:was killed
2738:Srebrenica
2445:Protocol I
2324:Union Army
2288:executions
2226:, for his
2187:See also:
2110:no quarter
2100:including
1997:War crimes
1987:Operations
1894:Foot drill
1864:Battle cry
1777:deterrence
1436:Harassment
1411:Specialism
1234:Technology
1229:Succession
1174:Liberation
1109:Asymmetric
1044:Empty fort
955:Blitzkrieg
924:Withdrawal
887:Investment
666:Camouflage
661:Biological
599:Underwater
574:Amphibious
493:Aerospace
360:Air units:
337:Submarines
146:fourth-gen
141:industrial
129:napoleonic
47:in Belgium
7554:in Uganda
7549:in Turkey
7504:in Taiwan
7439:in Poland
7424:in Panama
7384:in Mexico
7369:in Malawi
7344:in Kuwait
7309:in Israel
7244:in France
7204:in Canada
7184:in Brazil
7119:in Angola
6677:War crime
6389:Wehrmacht
6315:First war
6278:by Israel
6268:2008–2009
6205:Palestine
6125:Massacres
5955:Civilians
5483:War crime
5428:953877027
5397:cite book
5294:Article 5
5262:Article 5
5127:. Verso.
5022:March 22,
4620:March 11,
4475:March 20,
4445:March 26,
4415:March 24,
4298:March 17,
4126:Routledge
3299:the Blitz
3295:Rotterdam
3283:Luftwaffe
3275:Nuremberg
3105:civilians
3043:espionage
3015:war crime
2999:AB-Aktion
2844:Luftwaffe
2785:President
2702:President
2677:President
2651:President
2573:The Hague
2254:The Hague
2177:civil war
2094:pillaging
2076:, taking
2054:war crime
1884:War novel
1787:Grey-zone
1747:War games
1708:Overmatch
1658:War crime
1608:Desertion
1598:Ceasefire
1593:Armistice
1480:Logistics
1458:Mercenary
1446:Volunteer
1377:Personnel
1349:Engineers
1294:Sociology
1249:World war
1244:Total war
1224:Strategic
1214:Religious
1199:Political
1194:Perpetual
1169:Irregular
1084:Offensive
1059:Defensive
1054:Deception
1014:Attrition
867:Guerrilla
862:Formation
805:Airbridge
737:Loitering
651:Artillery
304:Artillery
254:Engineers
222:Irregular
193:Air force
45:Waffen-SS
7579:in Yemen
7499:in Syria
7489:in Sudan
7469:in Sindh
7399:in Nepal
7359:in Libya
7339:in Kenya
7324:in Japan
7314:in Italy
7284:in India
7279:in Haiti
7274:in Egypt
7254:in Ghana
7249:in Gabon
7229:in Egypt
7219:in China
7209:in Chile
7074:Genocide
6845:Children
6645:Genocide
6507:Category
6474:Genocide
6287:Iraq War
5666:July 29,
5650:Archived
5453:Archived
5389:37718851
5348:Archived
5322:Archived
5297:Archived
5287:Archived
5265:Archived
5255:Archived
5190:June 21,
5184:Archived
5016:Archived
4989:June 29,
4983:Archived
4961:28835410
4931:BMJ Open
4910:July 24,
4904:Archived
4880:Archived
4828:Archived
4798:Archived
4768:. Avon.
4689:Archived
4663:Archived
4598:Archived
4580:April 7,
4529:Archived
4499:Archived
4495:BBC News
4439:Archived
4409:Archived
4376:Archived
4344:Archived
4318:Archived
4292:Archived
4260:Archived
4230:Archived
4205:archived
4157:Archived
4079:July 20,
4073:Archived
4023:Archived
4004:Archived
3980:Archived
3962:(2013).
3509:See also
3499:Hague IV
3204:and the
3175:property
3171:citizens
3127:adopted
3113:genocide
3047:sabotage
3037:and the
3027:chemical
2947:genocide
2902:1942–45.
2782:Peruvian
2734:genocide
2318:for all
2147:and the
2102:genocide
2082:property
2078:hostages
2062:criminal
1899:War song
1874:War film
1507:Materiel
1426:Children
1406:Training
1344:Medicine
1329:Doctrine
1284:Training
1219:Resource
1204:Princely
1154:Economic
1139:Conquest
1134:Colonial
1129:Cold war
1114:Blockade
999:Strategy
971:Maneuver
732:Infantry
688:Chemical
542:Mountain
502:Airborne
365:Fighters
332:Warships
287:Infantry
213:Reserves
161:Military
7738:Warfare
7650:Related
7636:Victims
7631:Torture
7626:Slavery
7434:in Peru
7299:in Iraq
7294:in Iran
7224:in Cuba
7020:Oceania
6934:Aspects
6557:Sources
6185:Germany
6180:Croatia
6152:Torture
6142:Perfidy
6120:Looting
5857:Sources
5686:June 3,
5459:June 3,
4952:5691184
4669:July 6,
4659:Londoni
4573:Reuters
4382:June 4,
3837:Looting
3063:perfidy
2990:Palmiry
2930:Kurdish
2833:of the
2780:Former
2765:leader
2761:Former
2721:Former
2711:Former
2699:Serbian
2697:Former
2671:German
2662:Ukraine
2648:Russian
2544:during
2465:(2005)
2456:(1977)
2447:(1977)
2322:of the
2183:History
2086:perfidy
2074:torture
2012:Writers
2007:Weapons
1972:Battles
1921:Related
1909:Wargame
1904:Uniform
1852:Culture
1633:Perfidy
1628:Justice
1549:Science
1534:Outpost
1487:History
1467:Warrior
1463:Soldier
1451:foreign
1389:counter
1289:Service
1239:Theater
1179:Limited
1159:Endemic
1074:Nuclear
847:Foxhole
822:Cavalry
810:Airdrop
795:Airlift
780:Tactics
752:Nuclear
742:Missile
671:Cavalry
656:Barrage
634:Weapons
594:Surface
375:Command
370:Bombers
327:Frogman
297:Cavalry
269:Medical
236:Militia
218:Regular
198:Marines
112:castles
102:Ancient
90:History
69:outline
7611:Murder
7003:Europe
6986:Africa
6840:Humans
6662:Piracy
6494:(i.e.
6449:Other
6379:Allied
6234:Turkey
6229:Serbia
6217:Russia
6190:Israel
5992:Intent
5948:Topics
5622:
5594:
5573:
5538:
5517:
5480:about
5426:
5387:
5377:
5318:UN.org
5216:
5159:May 2,
5131:
5045:
4959:
4949:
4772:
4745:
4720:
4695:May 2,
4350:May 2,
4197:
4136:
3972:
3443:cannot
3415:nature
3291:Warsaw
3258:, the
3244:Allies
3160:Deblin
3055:combat
2994:Warsaw
2934:Kuwait
2773:, and
2763:Libyan
2304:lawyer
2220:ad hoc
2203:Suzhou
1992:Sieges
1676:Theory
1416:Morale
1274:Policy
1269:Branch
1049:Mosaic
1039:Fabian
986:Covert
919:Trench
904:Screen
827:Charge
817:Battle
790:Aerial
708:Denial
676:Horses
604:Seabed
557:Tunnel
537:Jungle
527:Desert
497:Aerial
6855:Women
6210:Hamas
6200:Japan
6195:Italy
3324:) as
3279:Tokyo
3087:trial
2992:near
2799:Other
2752:Sudan
2660:from
1965:Lists
1421:Women
1359:Ranks
1279:Staff
1209:Proxy
1124:Class
1079:Naval
1064:Depth
899:Swarm
892:Siege
872:Naval
852:Drone
747:Music
722:Robot
718:Drone
703:Cyber
646:Armor
616:Cyber
589:Green
584:Brown
547:Urban
507:Space
428:Radar
423:Sonar
292:Armor
249:Staff
227:Ranks
7621:Rape
6996:Asia
6384:Axis
5957:and
5890:1864
5725:2008
5704:2008
5688:2009
5668:2015
5633:2010
5620:ISBN
5605:2010
5592:ISBN
5571:ISBN
5549:2010
5536:ISBN
5515:ISBN
5461:2019
5424:OCLC
5403:link
5385:OCLC
5375:ISBN
5356:2010
5330:2021
5281:ICRC
5249:ICRC
5214:ISBN
5192:2013
5161:2012
5129:ISBN
5043:ISBN
5024:2016
4991:2017
4957:PMID
4912:2013
4836:2013
4806:2013
4770:ISBN
4743:ISBN
4718:ISBN
4697:2012
4671:2021
4622:2023
4582:2009
4537:2022
4507:2022
4477:2019
4447:2016
4417:2016
4384:2021
4352:2012
4326:2017
4300:2023
4268:2013
4238:2010
4213:2021
4195:ISBN
4134:ISBN
4081:2013
4051:2015
3988:2015
3970:ISBN
3471:NATO
3349:The
3318:POWs
3309:and
3277:and
3248:Axis
3173:and
3111:and
3029:and
2852:and
2690:and
2675:and
2639:and
2594:and
2525:and
2503:and
2410:The
2397:The
2387:The
2373:The
2352:The
2124:and
2002:Wars
1519:Base
1069:Goal
981:Raid
579:Blue
517:Land
188:Navy
183:Army
5782:FBI
4947:PMC
4939:doi
4435:CNN
4371:BBC
4187:doi
4163:".
3177:of
3154:in
3103:or
3057:or
3045:or
2988:at
2980:of
2736:in
2430:HRW
2290:at
2201:in
2120:of
2104:or
1586:Law
1529:FOB
1524:MOB
569:Sea
61:War
7699::
6498:)
5451:.
5447:.
5436:^
5411:^
5399:}}
5395:{{
5383:.
5320:.
5316:.
5228:^
5208:.
5178:.
5088:.
5066:.
5014:.
5008:.
4981:.
4977:.
4955:.
4945:.
4933:.
4929:.
4902:.
4898:.
4852:.
4826:.
4822:.
4796:.
4792:.
4661:.
4657:.
4639:.
4570:.
4553:,
4527:.
4523:.
4493:.
4463:.
4433:.
4407:.
4401:.
4368:.
4316:.
4284:.
4258:.
4254:.
4203:,
4193:,
4181:,
4132:.
4130:43
4124:.
4097:.
4071:.
4067:.
3978:.
3947:^
3469:,
3293:,
3223:,
3216:.
3162:,
3158:,
3143:.
3089:.
2884:,
2866:,
2858:SS
2829:,
2548:.
2338:.
2264:.
2179:.
2128:.
2092:,
2088:,
2072:,
2052:A
1465:/
720:/
234:/
220:/
6821:e
6814:t
6807:v
6541:e
6534:t
6527:v
6061:‡
5817:e
5810:t
5803:v
5784:)
5780:(
5727:.
5706:.
5690:.
5670:.
5635:.
5607:.
5579:.
5551:.
5523:.
5463:.
5430:.
5405:)
5391:.
5358:.
5332:.
5222:.
5194:.
5163:.
5137:.
5051:.
5026:.
4993:.
4963:.
4941::
4935:7
4914:.
4838:.
4808:.
4778:.
4751:.
4726:.
4699:.
4673:.
4643:.
4624:.
4584:.
4539:.
4509:.
4479:.
4449:.
4419:.
4386:.
4354:.
4328:.
4302:.
4270:.
4240:.
4189::
4152:"
4142:.
4083:.
3990:.
3002:)
2922:.
2912:.
2892:.
2878:.
2860:.
2846:.
2758:.
2668:.
2421:.
2041:e
2034:t
2027:v
71:)
67:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
