3158:
3488:) that was of no military significance, but the pilots had no idea of determining it aside from their orders. The committee ruled that "the aircrew involved in the attack should not be assigned any responsibility for the fact they were given the wrong target and that it is inappropriate to attempt to assign criminal responsibility for the incident to senior leaders because they were provided with wrong information by officials of another agency". The report also notes that "Much of the material submitted to the OTP consisted of reports that civilians had been killed, often inviting the conclusion to be drawn that crimes had therefore been committed. Collateral casualties to civilians and collateral damage to civilian objects can occur for a variety of reasons."
91:
5282:"One category of military personnel which was refused the advantages of the Convention in the course of the Second World War comprised German and Japanese troops who fell into enemy hands on the capitulation of their countries in 1945 (6). The German capitulation was both political, involving the dissolution of the Government, and military, whereas the Japanese capitulation was the only military. Moreover, the situation was different since Germany was a party to the 1929 Convention and Japan was not. Nevertheless, the German and Japanese troops were considered as surrendered enemy personnel and were deprived of the protection provided by the 1929 Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War."
2984:
2617:
2437:
2205:
5314:"Under the present provision, the Convention applies to persons who "fall into the power" of the enemy. This term is also used in the opening sentence of Article 4, replacing the expression "captured" which was used in the 1929 Convention (Article 1). It indicates clearly that the treatment laid down by the Convention applies not only to military personnel taken prisoner in the course of fighting but also to those who fall into the hands of the adversary following surrender or mass capitulation."
3556:
3528:
3542:
3246:, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements, or assurances. Because the definition of a state of "war" may be debated, the term "war crime" itself has seen different usage under different systems of international and military law. It has some degree of application outside of what some may consider being a state of "war", but in areas where conflicts persist enough to constitute social instability.
6514:
3465:
extraordinary military advantage would be necessary to justify an operation posing risks of collateral death or injury to thousands of civilians. In "grayer" cases the legal question of whether the expected incidental harm is excessive may be very subjective. For this reason, States have chosen to apply a "clearly excessive" standard for determining whether a criminal violation has occurred.
47:
2568:
2633:
2392:
2718:
was brought to trial charged with genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in three republics. This pertained to superior responsibility for the Bosnia and
Croatia indictments, and individual responsibility for the Kosovo indictment. He was acquitted as he died in custody in 2006, before the
3435:
applies to armed conflicts not of an international character and thus does not apply to situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar nature. It applies to armed conflicts that take place in the territory of a State
3507:
policy for the military purpose of denying the use of ground for the enemy. The German troops retreating from
Finnish Lapland believed Finland would be occupied by Soviet troops and destroyed many settlements while retreating to Norway under the command of Rendulic. He overestimated the perceived
3464:
For example, conducting an operation on an ammunition depot or a terrorist training camp would not be prohibited because a farmer is plowing a field in the area; the farmer is not the object of attack and the operations would adhere to proportionality and military necessity. On the other hand, an
3460:
and can be permissible. Military necessity "permits the destruction of life of ... persons whose destruction is incidentally unavoidable by the armed conflicts of the war; ... it does not permit the killing of innocent inhabitants for purposes of revenge or the satisfaction of a lust to
2554:
Also known as the Tokyo Trial, the Tokyo War Crimes
Tribunal or simply as the Tribunal, it was convened on May 3, 1946, to try the leaders of the Empire of Japan for three types of crimes: "Class A" (crimes against peace), "Class B" (war crimes), and "Class C" (crimes against humanity), committed
2376:
for persons and objects in modern warfare are still not ratified by several states continuously engaged in armed conflicts, namely the United States, Israel, India, Pakistan, Iraq, Iran, and others. Accordingly, states retain different codes and values about wartime conduct. Some signatories have
2367:
are four related treaties adopted and continuously expanded from 1864 to 1949 that represent a legal basis and framework for the conduct of war under international law. Every single member state of the United
Nations has currently ratified the conventions, which are universally accepted as
4673:
2586:, came into being for the prosecution of war crimes committed on or after that date. Several nations, most notably the United States, China, Russia, and Israel, have criticized the court. The United States still participates as an observer. Article 12 of the
5026:
4471:
4665:
3351:
was intentionally altered from that of the 1929 convention so that soldiers who "fall into the power" following surrender or mass capitulation of an enemy are now protected as well as those taken prisoner in the course of fighting.
3284:, there was no international treaty or instrument protecting a civilian population specifically from attack by aircraft, therefore the aerial attacks on civilians were not officially war crimes. The Allies at the trials in
4105:
3347:. By December 1945, six months after the war had ended, it was estimated by French authorities that 2,000 German prisoners were still being killed or maimed each month in mine-clearing accidents. The wording of the 1949
3425:
applies to armed conflicts not of an international character and thus does not apply to situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar
7604:
3515:
Under the "Rendulic Rule" persons must assess the military necessity of an action based on the information available to them at that time; they cannot be judged based on information that subsequently comes to light.
7524:
4479:
5016:
2372:, applicable to every situation of armed conflict in the world. The Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions adopted in 1977 containing the most pertinent, detailed and comprehensive protections of
4608:
3476:
For aerial strikes, pilots generally have to rely on information supplied by external sources (headquarters, ground troops) that a specific position is in fact a military target. In the case of former
6359:
3754:
2739:
was arrested in
Belgrade on July 18, 2008, and brought before Belgrade's War Crimes Court a few days later. He was extradited to the Netherlands, and is currently in The Hague, in the custody of the
5463:
6374:
7099:
3162:
3157:
2606:
6317:
7114:
7104:
6312:
3838:
6721:
3372:
Grave breaches of the Geneva
Conventions of 12 August 1949, namely, any of the following acts against persons or property protected under the provisions of the relevant Geneva Convention:
3212:
2740:
4539:
3468:
When there is no justification for military action, such as civilians being made the object of attack, a proportionality analysis is unnecessary to conclude that the attack is unlawful.
7549:
3485:
2668:
6756:
4302:
7544:
7529:
7094:
6407:
4914:
3456:
be made the object of an attack, but the death/injury of civilians while conducting an attack on a military objective are governed under principles such as of proportionality and
4113:
2729:
was also brought to The Hague charged with war crimes; his trial stretched from 2007 to March 2011. He was convicted in April 2012 of aiding and abetting crimes against humanity.
2525:
2511:
2241:
for the actions of his soldiers, because "he, as a knight, was deemed to have a duty to prevent" criminal behaviour by a military force. Despite having argued that he had obeyed
4167:
6550:
7224:
4021:
By
Edoardo Greppi, Associate Professor of International Law at the University of Turin, Italy, International Committee of the Red Cross No. 835, pp. 531–553, 30 October 1999.
4890:
5686:
3413:
Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in armed conflicts not of an international character, within the established framework of international law...
7692:
7554:
7109:
3690:
3142:, which noted that "rape and other forms of sexual violence can constitute war crimes, crimes against humanity or a constitutive act with respect to genocide"; see also
7539:
7439:
6716:
3633:
2549:
4907:"Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907"
2377:
routinely violated the Geneva
Conventions in a way that either uses the ambiguities of law or political maneuvering to sidestep the laws' formalities and principles.
7534:
6342:
5413:
3139:
6288:
7599:
6746:
6337:
3739:
6347:
6330:
4647:
3410:
In the case of an armed conflict not of an international character, serious violations of article 3 common to the four Geneva
Conventions of 12 August 1949...
7484:
7474:
7469:
7199:
6325:
5783:
3332:
2415:
4605:
7504:
7489:
7424:
7414:
7244:
7119:
5114:
3828:
3714:
6278:
5455:
4419:
3196:. As the attack on Pearl Harbor happened while the U.S. and Japan were at peace and without a just cause for self-defense, the attack was declared by the
7574:
7359:
7344:
7174:
7159:
6726:
4449:
3216:
2590:
provides jurisdiction over the citizens of non-contracting states if they are accused of committing crimes in the territory of one of the state parties.
2494:
Just after WWI, world governments started to try and systematically create a code for how war crimes would be defined. Their first outline of a law was "
4354:
4033:
90:
7579:
7494:
7374:
7299:
7279:
7274:
7144:
6614:
4106:"1949 Geneva Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field – Centre for International Law"
3277:
3407:
Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict, within the established framework of international law...
7594:
7519:
7429:
7384:
7329:
7249:
7209:
7189:
6543:
6450:
5291:
5259:
5159:
4910:
4079:
3663:
3045:
1014:
2964:; he was captured in Serbia in May 2011 and was extradited to face trial in The Hague, wherein he was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison.
7646:
7616:
7584:
7569:
7459:
7419:
7404:
7399:
7364:
7314:
7269:
7204:
7184:
7179:
7164:
7149:
7139:
7134:
7124:
6354:
5194:
5160:"The Atomic Bombing, The Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal and the Shimoda Case: Lessons for Anti-Nuclear Legal Movements by Yuki Tanaka and Richard Falk"
4808:
3668:
2444:
1441:
6283:
5743:
3503:
was charged for ordering extensive destruction of civilian buildings and lands while retreating from a suspected enemy attack in what is called
2983:
2593:
The ICC only has jurisdiction over these crimes when they are "part of a plan or policy or as part of a large-scale commission of such crimes".
7564:
7559:
7514:
7464:
7449:
7434:
7394:
7379:
7354:
7319:
7254:
7214:
7194:
7129:
7069:
6830:
5297:
5265:
4531:
4266:
7687:
7589:
7509:
7499:
7409:
7369:
7349:
7334:
7324:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7264:
7259:
7239:
7229:
7219:
6389:
5634:
5606:
5585:
5550:
5529:
5228:
5143:
5057:
4784:
4757:
4732:
4148:
3984:
3575:
3281:
5456:"Final Report to the Prosecutor by the Committee Established to Review the NATO Bombing Campaign Against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"
3107:, permits belligerents to engage in combat. A war crime occurs when superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering is inflicted upon an enemy.
2687:
7454:
7444:
7309:
7304:
7234:
5880:
5826:
5488:
4884:
Protocol
Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflict
4666:"Muktijuddho (Bangladesh Liberation War 1971) – Butcher of Bengal General Tikka Khan takes charge in East Pakistan – History of Bangladesh"
4292:
4083:
3591:
3189:
4831:"United States of America, Practice Relating to Rule 62. Improper Use of Flags or Military Emblems, Insignia or Uniforms of the Adversary"
3150:
convicted someone of sexual violence for the first time; specifically, they added rape to a war crimes conviction of Congo Vice President
4906:
4838:
7728:
7154:
6536:
3729:
1797:
5723:
5332:
7169:
6971:
6584:
6364:
6307:
6085:
5885:
4325:"Decision on Motion for Judgement of Acquittal in the Milosevic Case | International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia"
4209:
4164:
3266:
2936:
2258:
2159:
1992:
1770:
385:
5382:
Trials of war criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council law no. 10, Nuremberg, October 1946-April, 1949
5307:
5275:
2267:, Netherlands, in 1899 and 1907, respectively, and were, along with the Geneva Conventions, among the first formal statements of the
7682:
6976:
5690:
4215:
3301:
2429:
1446:
4993:
5358:
4625:
4240:
4014:
3270:
1524:
4887:
3387:
Extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly
2451:
Two Additional Protocols were adopted in 1977 with the third one added in 2005, completing and updating the Geneva Conventions:
1507:
7743:
7001:
6930:
6920:
6412:
6065:
3032:, but also include failures to adhere to norms of procedure and rules of battle, such as attacking those displaying a peaceful
1869:
1294:
139:
2204:
7389:
7339:
6787:
6731:
6215:
5856:
5753:
5389:
5078:
4699:
3749:
3207:
War crimes are significant in international humanitarian law because it is an area where international tribunals such as the
3127:
3018:
2373:
1633:
4509:
4386:
3990:
2939:, more commonly known by his nickname "Chemical Ali", executed by post-Ba'athist Iraq for his leadership of the gassing of
2616:
2436:
7738:
7025:
6604:
3452:(LOAC), the death of non-combatants is not necessarily a violation; there are many things to take into account. Civilians
3436:
when there is protracted armed conflict between governmental authorities and organized armed groups or between such groups
3049:
2346:
2050:
1497:
4270:
7479:
7089:
6935:
6751:
6736:
6567:
6417:
6369:
6302:
5947:
5867:
3942:
3147:
2992:
2733:
2579:
1987:
451:
4561:
7677:
6925:
6792:
6574:
6399:
4076:"Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 6 July 1906"
3626:
3621:
3174:
2676:
2369:
2143:
1997:
1184:
986:
857:
395:
4860:
2780:
was indicted for allegedly ordering the killings of protesters and civilians and crimes against humanity, during the
3841:, including those citizens who were denaturalized for concealing their involvement in war crimes in order to obtain
7018:
6823:
6629:
6559:
6461:
6384:
6297:
3897:
3872:
3658:
2930:
2884:
2785:
2171:
1461:
31:
5709:. Northwestern University School of Law Center for International Human Rights and Documentation Center of Cambodia
2929:, aka "Butcher of Bengal" was a notorious Pakistan Army General known for his war crimes in Bangladesh during the
7718:
6782:
6379:
6270:
6007:
5937:
3912:
2971:
2640:
2489:
1571:
1079:
428:
302:
156:
5118:
4409:
6254:
6075:
6002:
5920:
5910:
5819:
5784:
A Criminological Analysis of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq By Ronald C. Kramer and Raymond J. Michalowski
4297:
3862:
3764:
3695:
3586:
2841:
2726:
2422:
2399:
2124:
2022:
1889:
1436:
1129:
947:
795:
4441:
2715:
7030:
5748:
4328:
2755:, 10 of the 11 charges in total, and sentenced to 40 years' imprisonment. He was sentenced to life on appeal.
7667:
7064:
6640:
6474:
6172:
6120:
6069:
5915:
5905:
4938:"Injury profile suffered by targets of antipersonnel improvised explosive devices: prospective cohort study"
4834:
4804:
4350:
4030:
3937:
3877:
3348:
3339:(allegedly unprotected by the 1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War), many of which were then used for
3151:
3143:
3085:
2752:
2712:
2694:
2537:
2409:
2385:
2342:
2162:
for international war. In the aftermath of the Second World War, the war-crime trials of the leaders of the
2100:
1975:
1957:
1713:
1272:
1194:
1139:
737:
400:
38:
4801:"United States of America, Practice Relating to Rule 65. Perfidy, Section I. Simulation of civilian status"
7723:
7611:
7074:
7013:
6996:
6904:
6797:
6772:
6665:
6105:
5981:
5900:
3774:
3759:
3719:
3611:
3254:
3224:
3193:
3131:
2828:
2819:
2338:
2263:
The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at
2238:
2209:
2179:
1842:
1817:
1539:
1451:
1324:
1199:
800:
777:
223:
122:
5758:
5163:
3461:
kill. The destruction of property to be lawful must be imperatively demanded by the necessities of war."
2736:
7672:
6860:
6816:
6445:
6125:
6110:
6100:
6080:
6027:
5788:
5186:
3449:
3336:
3313:
3135:
3104:
2781:
2636:
2405:
was adopted in 1906 and then significantly revised and replaced by the Second Geneva Convention of 1949.
2132:
2128:
1431:
1364:
1317:
971:
934:
897:
815:
767:
651:
461:
269:
178:
4800:
3393:
Willfully depriving a prisoner of war or other protected person of the rights of fair and regular trial
2765:, is charged with three counts of genocide, crimes against humanity and other war crimes regarding the
7006:
6855:
6741:
6599:
5507:
4565:
3922:
3887:
3852:
3842:
3818:
3788:
3239:
3231:
2878:
2723:
2529:
2403:
for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea
2167:
1822:
1724:
1581:
1576:
1394:
1359:
1094:
914:
772:
708:
562:
532:
129:
5294:
5262:
2920:
2107:, and for any individual that is part of the command structure who orders any attempt to committing
7733:
7713:
6951:
6698:
6645:
6609:
6517:
6479:
6210:
6190:
5812:
5778:
5768:
5021:
4865:
3902:
3892:
3808:
3769:
3653:
3601:
3509:
3250:
3220:
2860:
2837:
2661:
2571:
Bodies of some of the hundreds of Vietnamese villagers who were killed by U.S. soldiers during the
2533:
2226:
2183:
1673:
1658:
1534:
1421:
1399:
1374:
1334:
1244:
1054:
959:
909:
676:
666:
631:
423:
413:
183:
107:
5017:"In historic ruling, international court cites rape in war crimes conviction of ex-Congo official"
4578:
7059:
6682:
6677:
6650:
6589:
6440:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6227:
6205:
6200:
6167:
6157:
6017:
6012:
5895:
5846:
5407:
4414:
3927:
3685:
3678:
3648:
3643:
3596:
3457:
3201:
3081:
2988:
2709:
2651:
2602:
2440:
2364:
2358:
2302:
2290:
2246:
2199:
2175:
2155:
2136:
2007:
1862:
1782:
1703:
1648:
1623:
1544:
1490:
1456:
1387:
1304:
1214:
1119:
1064:
954:
919:
872:
747:
718:
671:
609:
584:
418:
232:
151:
4075:
3390:
Compelling a prisoner of war or other protected person to serve in the forces of a hostile Power
3249:
The legalities of war have sometimes been accused of containing favoritism toward the winners ("
2815:
5660:
2380:
The first three conventions have been revised and expanded, with the fourth one added in 1949:
6865:
6594:
6232:
6195:
6032:
5990:
5974:
5630:
5624:
5602:
5581:
5546:
5525:
5434:
5395:
5385:
5224:
5139:
5092:
5053:
4967:
4830:
4780:
4753:
4728:
4205:
4144:
4140:
3980:
3813:
3793:
3673:
3606:
3297:
3243:
2850:
2795:
2698:
2272:
2234:
2076:
2043:
1952:
1899:
1802:
1792:
1787:
1757:
1740:
1735:
1708:
1653:
1354:
1344:
1339:
1329:
1249:
1239:
1234:
1209:
1179:
1069:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1019:
1009:
924:
877:
847:
686:
479:
456:
390:
5789:
Investigating Human Rights – Reaching Out to Diaspora Communities in U.S. for War Crimes Tips
3512:
authorized the destruction because it was necessary to war. He was acquitted of that charge.
7748:
7079:
6711:
6660:
6435:
6220:
5727:
5324:
4957:
4949:
4197:
4128:
3932:
3744:
3208:
3041:
3000:
2832:
2798:
2521:
2515:
2116:
2080:
2017:
1982:
1914:
1807:
1745:
1638:
1566:
1559:
1416:
1349:
1299:
1289:
1164:
1084:
1044:
1029:
996:
981:
852:
837:
790:
698:
656:
599:
594:
552:
375:
352:
259:
188:
117:
100:
51:
2801:
was charged with several counts of human rights violations committed by his government and
2447:
that began on March 26, 2015, involved airstrikes in apparent violation of the laws of war.
6777:
6579:
6502:
6394:
6022:
5985:
5890:
5664:
5311:
5304:
5301:
5279:
5272:
5269:
4894:
4612:
4171:
4037:
4018:
3970:
3907:
3803:
3580:
3561:
3547:
3500:
3317:
3305:
3111:
3037:
2845:
2777:
2572:
2499:
2389:
for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field
2322:
2294:
2242:
2147:
1827:
1812:
1730:
1686:
1628:
1284:
1279:
1169:
1159:
1074:
1049:
991:
832:
762:
752:
691:
604:
589:
512:
484:
284:
264:
112:
5773:
4985:
2953:
2391:
was adopted in 1864 and then significantly revised and replaced by the 1906 version, the
7054:
6469:
6038:
5996:
5575:
5220:
4962:
4937:
4236:
4175:
3917:
3833:
3798:
3504:
3361:
3253:"), as some controversies have not been ruled as war crimes. Some examples include the
3069:
2996:
2916:
2896:
2874:
2864:
2758:
2690:
2683:
2664:
2625:
2621:
2310:
2012:
2002:
1750:
1174:
1134:
1112:
1099:
1089:
1059:
976:
929:
732:
723:
614:
567:
547:
537:
507:
474:
362:
319:
274:
146:
79:
4011:
3541:
3017:
War crimes are serious violations of the rules of customary and treaty law concerning
7707:
6090:
5969:
5133:
4774:
4129:
4051:
3638:
3616:
3072:
individuals behind enemy lines while so disguised is not, as it constitutes unlawful
3033:
2766:
2702:
2647:
2498:—also known as the "Lieber Code." A small number of German military personnel of the
1849:
1837:
1693:
1613:
1529:
1512:
1369:
1224:
1204:
887:
882:
862:
842:
757:
728:
703:
579:
557:
542:
517:
357:
279:
242:
237:
134:
6894:
6850:
6839:
6619:
6140:
6044:
5942:
4695:
3867:
3857:
3823:
3365:
3340:
3262:
3197:
3088:
and surrendering parachutists once landed. Article 30 of the 1907 Hague Convention
3036:, or using that same flag as a ruse to mount an attack on enemy troops. The use of
2910:
2906:
2900:
2892:
2824:
2802:
2587:
2556:
2473:
2418:
and then significantly revised and replaced by the Third Geneva Convention of 1949.
2330:
2326:
2108:
2036:
1962:
1942:
1937:
1832:
1777:
1411:
1406:
1229:
1144:
892:
626:
527:
324:
228:
5295:
Commentaries on the Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
5263:
Commentaries on the Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
5115:"The Program for Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, "Brief Primer on IHL""
2345:
as well as stated the military responsibilities of the Union soldier fighting the
5744:
Command's Responsibility: Detainee Deaths in U.S. Custody in Iraq and Afghanistan
5596:
5540:
5519:
4986:"Security Council Demands Immediate and Complete Halt to Acts of Sexual Violence"
4501:
4376:
3974:
7626:
6899:
6889:
6506:
6095:
5930:
5875:
5502:
5325:"United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect"
5100:
4953:
4189:
3734:
3700:
3527:
3258:
3119:
3093:
3077:
3061:
2967:
2961:
2520:
The modern concept of war crime was further developed under the auspices of the
2464:
2318:
2284:
2268:
2163:
2151:
2068:
1947:
1698:
1663:
1502:
1189:
1154:
867:
810:
713:
497:
218:
213:
5354:
4750:
Killer Elite: The Inside Story of America's Most Secret Special Operations Team
4201:
4053:
Instructions for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the Field
2307:
Instructions for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the Field
46:
6147:
5925:
5798:
5075:
The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: The Pursuit of Justice in the Wake of World War II
4410:"Radovan Karadzic, a Bosnian Serb, Gets 40 Years Over Genocide and War Crimes"
4262:
3882:
3724:
3533:
3523:
3477:
3321:
3166:
2926:
2748:
2567:
2455:
2334:
2297:
issued as General Order 100 on April 24, 1863, just months after the military
2120:
1904:
1874:
1596:
965:
6528:
5438:
4472:"UN appeals court increases Radovan Karadzic's sentence to life imprisonment"
3242:. Crimes against peace include planning, preparing, initiating, or waging a
2186:
extrapolated and defined additional categories of war crimes applicable to a
5399:
4136:
3344:
3309:
3293:
3285:
3115:
3053:
3009:
2854:
2583:
2496:
Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field"
2298:
2264:
2187:
2104:
1894:
1718:
1618:
1608:
1603:
1468:
1259:
1254:
1219:
661:
347:
314:
203:
55:
5689:. International Committee of the Red Cross. October 3, 2013. Archived from
4971:
4012:
The evolution of individual criminal responsibility under international law
3052:. Wearing enemy uniforms or civilian clothes to infiltrate enemy lines for
2469:
relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts.
5380:
Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945–1955: U.S. Zone) (1997).
4870:
4131:
The International Committee of the Red Cross: A Neutral Humanitarian Actor
2178:
legally defined new war crimes and established that states could exercise
2075:
responsibility for actions by combatants in action, such as intentionally
17:
7084:
6655:
6484:
6135:
5965:
5050:
Responding to International Crime (International Studies in Human Rights)
3555:
3185:
3181:
3123:
3057:
2957:
2948:
2744:
2112:
2092:
2072:
1909:
1884:
1517:
1149:
1124:
742:
297:
171:
5542:
The conduct of hostilities under the law of international armed conflict
4722:
2540:, which are often committed during wars and in concert with war crimes.
54:(17 December 1944), where 84 U.S. prisoners of war were murdered by the
7641:
7636:
6162:
6152:
6130:
6115:
4583:
3847:
3073:
2943:
villages during the Iran-Iraq War; also governor of illegally occupied
2672:
2502:
were tried in 1921 by the German Supreme Court for alleged war crimes.
2460:
relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts.
2096:
2088:
2084:
1919:
1879:
1643:
1477:
1473:
820:
805:
681:
342:
337:
307:
246:
208:
5580:(Hardcover). Vol. 2 (Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File.
3384:
Willfully causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or health
2919:, former U.S. Army officer found guilty of murder for his role in the
2142:
The formal concept of war crimes emerged from the codification of the
7621:
6672:
4165:
Human Rights Watch: Saudi strikes in Yemen violated international law
3324:, nor the Japanese for the aerial attacks on crowded Chinese cities.
3170:
3065:
3004:
2944:
2773:
2743:. The trial began in 2010. On March 24, 2016, he was found guilty of
2658:
2314:
2230:
2213:
2182:
over war criminals. In the late 20th century and early 21st century,
1426:
827:
644:
380:
5246:
S. P. MacKenzie "The Treatment of Prisoners of War in World War II"
5706:
5568:
American Immunity: War Crimes and the Limits of International Law.
4324:
3289:
3156:
3097:
3021:, criminal offenses for which there is individual responsibility.
2982:
2762:
2632:
2615:
2566:
2435:
2203:
902:
438:
433:
45:
5433:. United States Department of Defense Office of General Counsel.
5217:
Terror from the Sky: The Bombing of German Cities in World War II
4696:"BBC News – Ratko Mladic trial: Charge sheet amended – Brammertz"
4050:
Francis Lieber, LL.D. and revised by a Board of Officers (1863).
7631:
5626:
The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War
4886:, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland.
4532:"Sudan's Forces for Freedom and Change: 'Hand Al Bashir to ICC'"
3496:
The Rendulic Rule is a standard by which commanders are judged.
3481:
3368:, the treaty that established the International Criminal Court:
3078:
enemy troops while they are being deployed by way of a parachute
2940:
2792:
198:
193:
6812:
6808:
6532:
5808:
5779:
CBC Digital Archives – Fleeing Justice: War Criminals in Canada
3276:(the most destructive single bombing raid in history), and the
5792:
5763:
5670:
5242:
5240:
4381:
4293:"ICC issues arrest warrant for Putin on war crime allegations"
3755:
The International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq
3381:
Torture or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments
3328:
2639:
demanding the death penalty for the war criminals of the 1971
71:
5804:
4502:"Omar al-Bashir: Sudan's ex-president on trial for 1989 coup"
3211:
and Tokyo Trials have been convened. Recent examples are the
2478:
relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem.
2426:
relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
5521:
An introduction to international criminal law and procedure
4648:"Fujimori gets 25 years on conviction in human rights case"
2868:
2607:
List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court
3839:
List of denaturalized former citizens of the United States
2208:
A ditch full of the bodies of Chinese civilians killed by
27:
Individual act constituting a violation of the laws of war
6722:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
5460:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
3979:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 63–66.
3583:, investigation into Australian war crimes in Afghanistan
3472:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
3213:
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
2741:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
4237:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998"
3396:
Unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement
2960:
amongst other violations of humanitarian law during the
6757:
International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
4377:"Liberia ex-leader Charles Taylor get 50 years in jail"
3327:
Controversy arose when the Allies re-designated German
3086:
attacking parachutists who eject from disabled aircraft
5574:
Horvitz, Leslie Alan; Catherwood, Christopher (2011).
4936:
Smith, S; Devine, M; Taddeo, J; McAlister, VC (2017).
4031:
highlights the first international war crimes tribunal
2428:
was first adopted in 1949, based on parts of the 1907
3110:
War crimes also include such acts as mistreatment of
3028:
include violations of established protections of the
2544:
International Military Tribunal for the Far East 1946
2512:
London Charter of the International Military Tribunal
2225:
In 1474, the first trial for a war crime was that of
4562:
Peru's Fujimori Found Guilty on Human Rights Charges
3364:
defines war crimes as described in Article 8 of the
7660:
7047:
6985:
6964:
6944:
6913:
6874:
6765:
6696:
6627:
6566:
6459:
6428:
6263:
6181:
6057:
5958:
5866:
5855:
4776:
Delta Force: The Army's Elite Counterterrorist Unit
3126:though these crimes are more broadly covered under
7605:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
6712:International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Trials)
5657:
5355:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
3080:is not a war crime. Protocol I, Article 42 of the
2974:, guerrilla group which used to operate in Uganda.
2532:). Along with war crimes the charter also defined
7693:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
3691:United States Senate Committee on the Philippines
6742:Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
6717:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
5658:Australian Bunker And Military Museum - abmm.org
4727:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 433–434.
3634:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
3118:. War crimes are sometimes part of instances of
2654:that have been charged with war crimes include:
2550:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
2445:Saudi Arabian-led military intervention in Yemen
2395:, and later the First Geneva Convention of 1949.
5764:Rome Treaty of the International Criminal Court
4626:"Peru court finds ex-president Fujimori guilty"
4606:Fujimori declared guilty of human rights abuses
3180:War crimes also included deliberate attacks on
4579:"Peru's Fujimori sentenced to 25 years prison"
4196:, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.,
3740:Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project (RULAC)
2909:, Minister of Armaments and War Production in
2271:and war crimes in the nascent body of secular
6824:
6544:
5820:
4442:"Karadzic sentenced to 40 years for genocide"
2563:Formation of the International Criminal Court
2413:relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
2044:
8:
5799:UK's Geneva Conventions (Amendment) Act 1995
5570:Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
5052:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 358.
2882:
2788:in October 2011 before he could stand trial.
5412:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5250:, Vol. 66, No. 3. (Sep. 1994), pp. 487–520.
5135:Victors' Justice: From Nuremberg to Baghdad
4773:Beckwith, Charlie A.; Knox, Donald (2003).
4188:Day, L. Edward; Vandiver, Margaret (2003),
3829:International Criminal Court investigations
6989:
6882:
6831:
6817:
6809:
6727:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
6551:
6537:
6529:
6456:
5863:
5827:
5813:
5805:
4752:. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press.
3333:1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War
3217:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
2528:that was published on August 8, 1945 (see
2174:defines what is a war crime. In 1949, the
2051:
2037:
61:
6747:Special Panels of the Dili District Court
5749:TheRule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project
5577:Encyclopedia of War Crimes & Genocide
4961:
4056:(1st ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3278:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3163:Soviet prisoners of war killed by Germans
3046:numerous chemical arms control agreements
2831:who was known for his involvement in the
2628:(right), wanted by the ICC for war crimes
2289:The Lieber Code was written early in the
6451:Post-conflict reception of war criminals
5185:Javier Guisández Gómez (June 30, 1998).
4911:International Committee of the Red Cross
4194:Encyclopedia of Murder and Violent Crime
4080:International Committee of the Red Cross
3715:American Service-Members' Protection Act
3292:never prosecuted the Germans, including
3090:IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land
2631:
1015:List of military strategies and concepts
50:A U.S. soldier observing victims of the
7525:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
5726:. Crimes of War Project. Archived from
5431:Department of Defense law of war manual
4917:from the original on September 26, 2013
4841:from the original on September 26, 2013
4811:from the original on September 26, 2013
4351:"Trial of Charles Taylor ends – Europe"
3955:
3669:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
3418:
3204:and therefore constituted a war crime.
3096:to punish enemy spies without previous
2675:and deportation into Russia during the
2582:(ICC), a treaty-based court located in
2123:despite surrender, the conscription of
69:
7617:List of human rights abuses by country
7105:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
7070:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
5405:
5335:from the original on November 23, 2020
5029:from the original on November 10, 2021
4702:from the original on February 24, 2012
4568:, 7 April 2009. Accessed 7 April 2009.
4267:United Nations Office of Legal Affairs
4086:from the original on February 22, 2014
7688:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5687:"International criminal jurisdiction"
5450:
5448:
5425:
5423:
5361:from the original on October 19, 2013
5191:International Review of the Red Cross
4542:from the original on November 6, 2019
4512:from the original on February 1, 2021
4273:from the original on October 19, 2013
4243:from the original on October 19, 2013
4040:by Linda Grant, Harvard Law Bulletin.
3576:Allied war crimes during World War II
3282:strategic bombing during World War II
7:
5881:Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
5048:Geoff Gilbert (September 30, 2006).
4996:from the original on August 23, 2014
4331:from the original on August 18, 2017
3976:Cassese's International Criminal Law
2506:London Charter/Nuremberg trials 1945
2091:, unnecessarily destroying civilian
5466:from the original on March 31, 2022
4452:from the original on March 26, 2016
4422:from the original on March 24, 2016
4389:from the original on March 21, 2022
4305:from the original on March 17, 2023
3993:from the original on April 29, 2016
3730:Metropolitan Police War Crimes Unit
3103:The rule of war, also known as the
7115:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
6977:National human rights institutions
6972:List of human rights organisations
5886:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
5197:from the original on April 3, 2013
4408:Simons, Marlise (March 24, 2016).
4357:from the original on April 1, 2011
4263:"Rome Statute, Part II, Article 8"
4218:from the original on April 3, 2022
3484:pilots hit a civilian object (the
3044:in warfare are also prohibited by
2937:Ali Hassan Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti
2259:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
2160:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
25:
6375:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
5162:. Wagingpeace.org. Archived from
5132:Zolo, Danilo (November 2, 2009).
4676:from the original on July 9, 2021
4646:Partlow, Joshua (April 8, 2009).
3223:acting under Chapter VIII of the
2767:war in the Darfur region of Sudan
2705:in the aftermath of World War II.
7100:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
6513:
6512:
6318:Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
5722:Burns, John (January 30, 2008).
3639:Islamic State war crime findings
3554:
3540:
3526:
3219:, which were established by the
2646:To date, the present and former
2154:(1863) of the Union Army in the
2146:that applied to warfare between
89:
7225:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
6931:Natural rights and legal rights
6921:Claim rights and liberty rights
6408:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
5097:Understanding International Law
3444:Legality of civilian casualties
2524:based on the definition in the
2245:, von Hagenbach was convicted,
7095:against Palestinians by Israel
6788:International humanitarian law
6732:Special Court for Sierra Leone
5769:Special Court for Sierra Leone
5629:. Cambridge University Press.
5601:. Cambridge University Press.
5545:. Cambridge University Press.
5524:. Cambridge University Press.
5079:Harvard University Asia Center
5015:Kevin Sieff (March 21, 2016).
3750:Special Court for Sierra Leone
3200:to go beyond justification of
3128:international humanitarian law
3019:international humanitarian law
2867:, high-ranking members of the
2667:, for his contribution in the
2374:international humanitarian law
2071:that gives rise to individual
1:
5248:The Journal of Modern History
5073:Yuma Totani (April 1, 2009).
4064:– via Internet Archive.
3331:(under the protection of the
3050:Biological Weapons Convention
2669:illegal abduction of children
2624:(left) and Russian President
2612:Heads of state and government
2347:Confederate States of America
2309:(Lieber Code) was written by
6936:Negative and positive rights
6752:Special Tribunal for Lebanon
6737:International Criminal Court
5948:International Criminal Court
5508:Resources in other libraries
3943:Winter Soldier Investigation
3308:, and British cities during
3148:International Criminal Court
3007:in 1940 for mass execution (
2899:, Commander in Chief of the
2853:, Commander in Chief of the
2580:International Criminal Court
7678:List of human rights awards
7550:in the United Arab Emirates
6926:Individual and group rights
6793:International speech crimes
6575:Customary international law
6348:Russian invasion of Ukraine
5774:Ad-Hoc Court for East Timor
5707:"Cambodia Tribunal Monitor"
4954:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014697
4698:. Bbc.co.uk. June 1, 2011.
3664:Kashmir human rights abuses
3627:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
3622:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
3486:Chinese embassy in Belgrade
3300:, for the bombing raids on
2677:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2370:customary international law
2144:customary international law
1508:Military–industrial complex
987:Operational manoeuvre group
7765:
7729:International criminal law
7600:of the Marcos dictatorship
6615:Convention Against Torture
6560:International criminal law
6322:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
5566:Hagopian, Patrick (2013).
5357:. UN Treaty Organization.
4893:December 10, 2008, at the
4861:"Military Legal Resources"
4239:. UN Treaty Organization.
4202:10.4135/9781412950619.n482
4127:David P. Forsythe (2007).
3898:Satellite Sentinel Project
3873:Nazi human experimentation
3843:that country's citizenship
3024:Colloquial definitions of
2931:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
2885:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht
2761:, former head of state of
2620:Former Sudanese President
2600:
2547:
2509:
2487:
2356:
2282:
2256:
2197:
2172:international criminal law
36:
32:War crime (disambiguation)
29:
7545:in the State of Palestine
7530:in the Dominican Republic
7110:during the Gaddafi regime
6992:
6885:
6846:
6783:Joint criminal enterprise
6499:
6008:Joint criminal enterprise
5938:Responsibility to protect
5842:
5595:Shaw, Malcolm N. (2008).
5503:Resources in your library
5310:October 23, 2013, at the
5278:October 23, 2013, at the
4017:10 September 2009 at the
3913:State-sponsored terrorism
3060:missions is a legitimate
2641:Bangladesh Liberation War
2490:Leipzig war crimes trials
2079:or intentionally killing
1572:Loss-of-strength gradient
429:Combat information center
6703:(in order of foundation)
5539:Dinstein, Yôrām (2004).
5187:"The Law of Air Warfare"
3863:Military use of children
3765:War Crimes Law (Belgium)
3696:United States war crimes
2423:Fourth Geneva Convention
2400:Second Geneva Convention
2325:. Lincoln made the Code
2125:children in the military
1890:Military science fiction
1375:Technology and equipment
796:List of military tactics
37:Not to be confused with
7668:History of human rights
7075:Enforced disappearances
7065:Crimes against humanity
6641:Crimes against humanity
6475:Crimes against humanity
6313:Libyan civil war (2011)
6173:Wartime sexual violence
6121:Human trophy collecting
6106:Enforced disappearances
5801:– which bans war crimes
5673:. Amnesty International
5671:"Amnesty International"
5663:March 30, 2022, at the
5623:Solis, Gary D. (2010).
4835:International Red Cross
4805:International Red Cross
4748:Smith, Michael (2007).
3938:Wartime sexual violence
3878:NKVD prisoner massacres
3349:Third Geneva Convention
3192:, such as the Japanese
3152:Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo
3144:wartime sexual violence
3132:crimes against humanity
2987:A picture taken by the
2803:affiliated death squads
2753:crimes against humanity
2538:crimes against humanity
2410:Third Geneva Convention
2386:First Geneva Convention
2343:crimes against humanity
2127:and flouting the legal
2101:wartime sexual violence
1958:Wartime sexual violence
1714:Full-spectrum dominance
1525:Supply-chain management
39:Crimes against humanity
7744:Violence against women
7612:Incitement to genocide
6905:Universal jurisdiction
6798:Universal jurisdiction
6773:Command responsibility
6666:Incitement to genocide
6605:United Nations Charter
6126:Indiscriminate attacks
6111:Extrajudicial killings
5982:Command responsibility
5754:Iraqi Special Tribunal
5518:Cryer, Robert (2007).
5300:April 4, 2013, at the
5268:April 4, 2013, at the
5095:(September 22, 2004).
4353:. Al Jazeera English.
4170:July 22, 2015, at the
4036:April 3, 2022, at the
3775:War Crimes Act of 1996
3760:Universal jurisdiction
3720:Command responsibility
3701:Vietnam War#War crimes
3612:Consequences of Nazism
3316:on Allied cities with
3314:indiscriminate attacks
3272:Operation Meetinghouse
3267:firebombing of Dresden
3194:attack on Pearl Harbor
3177:
3175:German-occupied Poland
3014:
2972:Lord's Resistance Army
2883:
2829:Imperial Japanese Army
2820:Imperial Japanese Army
2734:Bosnian Serb President
2643:
2629:
2575:
2448:
2339:command responsibility
2305:. General Order 100,
2239:command responsibility
2217:
2180:universal jurisdiction
2067:is a violation of the
1870:Awards and decorations
1843:Peace through strength
1818:Low-intensity conflict
1452:Conscientious objector
1325:Area of responsibility
59:
7673:List of global issues
6446:List of global issues
6275:Gaza–Israel conflict
6101:Desecration of graves
6081:Collective punishment
5759:Crimes of War Project
5223:. 2010. p. 167.
4873:on December 18, 2017.
4611:10 April 2009 at the
4116:on February 21, 2014.
3508:risk but argued that
3450:law of armed conflict
3337:Disarmed Enemy Forces
3160:
3136:U.N. Security Council
3105:Law of Armed Conflict
3064:, though fighting in
2986:
2782:2011 Libyan civil war
2637:2013 Shahbag protests
2635:
2619:
2578:On July 1, 2002, the
2570:
2439:
2321:, and veteran of the
2207:
2170:of law, such as that
462:Torpedo data computer
452:Ship gun fire-control
49:
7739:Violence against men
7555:in the United States
7330:in Jammu and Kashmir
6876:Fundamental concepts
6699:International courts
6600:Nuremberg principles
6501:‡ Does not apply to
6480:Crimes of aggression
6462:international crimes
6360:Sri Lankan Civil War
6168:Use of human shields
6066:humanitarian workers
5742:Human Rights First;
5730:on December 31, 2008
5724:"Quarter, Giving No"
5093:Stephen C. McCaffrey
3923:Transitional justice
3888:Nuremberg Principles
3853:Mass atrocity crimes
3819:Forensic archaeology
3789:Chronicles of Terror
3280:. In regard to the
3240:crimes against peace
3232:Nuremberg Principles
2879:Generalfeldmarschall
2534:crimes against peace
2530:Nuremberg principles
2184:international courts
2168:Nuremberg principles
1988:Military occupations
1823:Military engineering
1725:Unrestricted Warfare
1582:Force multiplication
480:Military manoeuvrers
30:For other uses, see
7540:in the Soviet Union
7440:in Papua New Guinea
7090:Human rights abuses
7048:Human rights abuses
6952:Corporal punishment
6646:Crime of aggression
6610:Genocide Convention
6338:Russo-Ukrainian War
5975:Civilian casualties
5384:. William S. Hein.
5103:. pp. 210–229.
5022:The Washington Post
4866:Library of Congress
3903:Srebrenica massacre
3893:Razakars (Pakistan)
3809:Crime of aggression
3770:War Crimes Act 1991
3654:Japanese war crimes
3602:East Timor Genocide
3587:Bangladesh genocide
3296:commander-in-chief
3238:are different from
3221:UN Security Council
3092:explicitly forbids
3084:explicitly forbids
2995:rounding up Polish
2861:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
2652:heads of government
2597:Prominent indictees
2430:Hague Convention IV
2416:was adopted in 1929
2341:for war crimes and
2227:Peter von Hagenbach
1674:Penal military unit
1659:Rules of engagement
1335:Command and control
960:Operations research
424:Director (military)
414:Fire-control system
184:Command and control
65:Part of a series on
7535:in the Philippines
7060:Crime of apartheid
6651:Crime of apartheid
6590:Geneva Conventions
6441:War crime apologia
6355:Second Chechen War
6058:War crimes by type
6018:Military necessity
6013:Medical neutrality
5931:Protocol II (1977)
5896:Geneva Conventions
5847:List of war crimes
5121:on April 19, 2010.
4721:Shaw, M.N (2008).
4448:. March 24, 2016.
4415:The New York Times
4301:. March 17, 2023.
3928:Unlawful combatant
3686:Turkish war crimes
3679:Russian war crimes
3649:Italian war crimes
3644:Israeli war crimes
3597:British war crimes
3592:Bihari persecution
3458:military necessity
3399:Taking of hostages
3202:military necessity
3178:
3082:Geneva Conventions
3042:biological weapons
3015:
2993:Nazi Secret Police
2989:Polish Underground
2927:General Tikka Khan
2827:, general of the
2805:during his regime.
2724:Liberian President
2716:Slobodan Milošević
2644:
2630:
2603:List of war crimes
2576:
2449:
2365:Geneva Conventions
2359:Geneva Conventions
2353:Geneva Conventions
2303:Mankato, Minnesota
2291:American Civil War
2247:condemned to death
2218:
2200:List of war crimes
2176:Geneva Conventions
2156:American Civil War
2137:military necessity
2119:, the granting of
1783:Counter-insurgency
1704:Command of the sea
1649:Jewish laws on war
1624:Geneva Conventions
1160:Divide and conquer
955:Military operation
920:Tactical objective
419:Fire-control radar
396:Electronic-warfare
60:
7701:
7700:
7683:Three generations
7043:
7042:
6960:
6959:
6806:
6805:
6632:international law
6595:Nuremberg Charter
6585:Hague Conventions
6526:
6525:
6495:
6494:
6436:War crimes trials
6264:War crimes by war
6053:
6052:
6033:Protected persons
5926:Protocol I (1977)
5693:on March 17, 2010
5636:978-0-521-87088-7
5608:978-0-521-72814-0
5598:International law
5587:978-0-8160-8083-0
5552:978-0-521-54227-2
5531:978-0-521-87609-4
5489:Library resources
5230:978-1-84545-844-7
5166:on March 18, 2012
5145:978-1-84467-317-9
5059:978-90-04-15276-2
4786:978-0-380-80939-4
4759:978-0-312-36272-0
4734:978-0-521-89929-1
4724:International Law
4508:. July 21, 2020.
4482:on March 22, 2019
4150:978-0-415-34151-6
3986:978-0-19-969492-1
3794:Civilian internee
3674:Soviet war crimes
3659:Korean War crimes
3607:German war crimes
3343:such as clearing
3257:' destruction of
3244:war of aggression
2818:, general of the
2751:, war crimes and
2727:Charles G. Taylor
2273:international law
2253:Hague Conventions
2235:Holy Roman Empire
2229:, realised by an
2210:Japanese soldiers
2077:killing civilians
2061:
2060:
1953:Horses in warfare
1900:Anti-war movement
1803:Gunboat diplomacy
1793:Disaster response
1741:Philosophy of war
1736:Principles of war
1709:Deterrence theory
1654:Right of conquest
1577:Lanchester's laws
1345:Principles of war
1035:Counter-offensive
1020:Military campaign
925:Target saturation
848:Counterinsurgency
457:Gun data computer
391:Close air support
353:Aircraft carriers
16:(Redirected from
7756:
7719:Aftermath of war
7455:in Punjab, India
7080:Forced migration
6990:
6883:
6878:and philosophies
6833:
6826:
6819:
6810:
6766:Related concepts
6704:
6661:Genocidal intent
6553:
6546:
6539:
6530:
6516:
6515:
6457:
6365:Syrian civil war
6308:2006 Lebanon War
6271:Afghanistan wars
6023:Prisoners of war
5864:
5859:humanitarian law
5829:
5822:
5815:
5806:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5591:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5535:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5452:
5443:
5442:
5427:
5418:
5417:
5411:
5403:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5321:
5315:
5289:
5283:
5257:
5251:
5244:
5235:
5234:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5193:(323): 347–363.
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5117:. Archived from
5111:
5105:
5104:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4965:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4903:
4897:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4869:. Archived from
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4622:
4616:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4575:
4569:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4478:. Archived from
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4385:. May 30, 2012.
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4190:"War Atrocities"
4185:
4179:
4178:. June 30, 2015.
4161:
4155:
4154:
4134:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4112:. Archived from
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4047:
4041:
4028:
4022:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3971:Cassese, Antonio
3967:
3933:War and genocide
3745:Russell Tribunal
3569:Country listings
3564:
3559:
3558:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3423:
3318:V-1 flying bombs
3251:Victor's justice
3209:Nuremberg Trials
3161:A mass grave of
3112:prisoners of war
2970:, leader of the
2888:
2838:Seishirō Itagaki
2833:Nanjing Massacre
2799:Alberto Fujimori
2737:Radovan Karadžić
2522:Nuremberg trials
2516:Nuremberg trials
2249:, and beheaded.
2233:tribunal of the
2166:established the
2148:sovereign states
2117:ethnic cleansing
2081:prisoners of war
2053:
2046:
2039:
1808:Humanitarian aid
1746:Security dilemma
1567:Power projection
1350:Economy of force
1330:Chain of command
1045:Defence in depth
1030:Commerce raiding
853:Defeat in detail
189:Defense ministry
93:
84:
83:
74:
62:
52:Malmedy massacre
21:
7764:
7763:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7755:
7754:
7753:
7704:
7703:
7702:
7697:
7656:
7485:in South Africa
7475:in Sierra Leone
7470:in Saudi Arabia
7200:in Burkina Faso
7155:in Azad Kashmir
7039:
6981:
6956:
6940:
6909:
6879:
6877:
6870:
6861:Intersex people
6842:
6837:
6807:
6802:
6778:Superior orders
6761:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6692:
6634:
6631:
6623:
6580:Peremptory norm
6562:
6557:
6527:
6522:
6503:airborne forces
6491:
6470:Atrocity crimes
6455:
6424:
6259:
6184:committed by...
6183:
6177:
6086:Criminal orders
6049:
6028:Proportionality
5986:Superior orders
5954:
5891:Geneva Protocol
5858:
5851:
5838:
5833:
5733:
5731:
5721:
5712:
5710:
5705:
5696:
5694:
5685:
5676:
5674:
5669:
5665:Wayback Machine
5654:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5622:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5594:
5588:
5573:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5538:
5532:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5485:
5483:Further reading
5480:
5479:
5469:
5467:
5454:
5453:
5446:
5429:
5428:
5421:
5404:
5392:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5364:
5362:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5338:
5336:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5312:Wayback Machine
5302:Wayback Machine
5290:
5286:
5280:Wayback Machine
5270:Wayback Machine
5258:
5254:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5200:
5198:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5146:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5060:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5032:
5030:
5014:
5013:
5009:
4999:
4997:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4918:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4895:Wayback Machine
4882:
4878:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4844:
4842:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4814:
4812:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4787:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4760:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4735:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4705:
4703:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4679:
4677:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4613:Wayback Machine
4604:
4600:
4590:
4588:
4587:. April 7, 2009
4577:
4576:
4572:
4559:
4555:
4545:
4543:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4515:
4513:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4485:
4483:
4476:Washington Post
4470:
4469:
4465:
4455:
4453:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4425:
4423:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4360:
4358:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4334:
4332:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4308:
4306:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4276:
4274:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4221:
4219:
4212:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4172:Wayback Machine
4162:
4158:
4151:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4038:Wayback Machine
4029:
4025:
4019:Wayback Machine
4010:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3987:
3969:
3968:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3908:State terrorism
3804:Commissar order
3784:
3779:
3710:
3705:
3581:Brereton Report
3571:
3562:Genocide portal
3560:
3553:
3548:Politics portal
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3522:
3501:Lothar Rendulic
3499:German General
3494:
3474:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3420:
3402:
3378:Willful killing
3358:
3312:as well as the
3146:. In 2016, the
3140:Resolution 1820
3134:. In 2008, the
2981:
2956:, indicted for
2921:Mỹ Lai massacre
2846:Empire of Japan
2816:Yoshijirō Umezu
2812:
2778:Muammar Gaddafi
2695:Prime Ministers
2614:
2609:
2601:Main articles:
2599:
2573:My Lai Massacre
2565:
2552:
2546:
2518:
2510:Main articles:
2508:
2500:First World War
2492:
2486:
2443:wrote that the
2361:
2355:
2331:wartime conduct
2323:Napoleonic Wars
2295:Abraham Lincoln
2287:
2281:
2261:
2255:
2243:superior orders
2223:
2202:
2196:
2133:proportionality
2095:, deception by
2057:
2028:
2027:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1865:
1855:
1854:
1828:Multilateralism
1813:Law enforcement
1773:
1763:
1762:
1731:Just war theory
1689:
1679:
1678:
1629:Geneva Protocol
1599:
1589:
1588:
1562:
1552:
1551:
1493:
1483:
1482:
1390:
1380:
1379:
1320:
1310:
1309:
1275:
1265:
1264:
1195:Network-centric
1115:
1105:
1104:
1012:
1002:
1001:
950:
940:
939:
888:Rapid dominance
793:
783:
782:
738:Electromagnetic
647:
637:
636:
623:
576:
524:
500:
490:
489:
485:Combat training
466:
443:
409:Combat systems:
405:
367:
363:Auxiliary ships
329:
289:
285:Military police
251:
174:
164:
163:
103:
77:
76:
75:
70:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7762:
7760:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7706:
7705:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7664:
7662:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7505:in Switzerland
7502:
7497:
7492:
7490:in South Korea
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7425:in North Korea
7422:
7417:
7415:in New Zealand
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7360:in Kyrgyzstan
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7245:in El Salvador
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7170:in Balochistan
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7120:in Afghanistan
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7055:Atrocity crime
7051:
7049:
7045:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6993:
6987:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6974:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6917:
6915:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6886:
6880:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6838:
6836:
6835:
6828:
6821:
6813:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6769:
6767:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6708:
6706:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6637:
6635:
6630:Crimes against
6628:
6625:
6624:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6548:
6541:
6533:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6466:
6464:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6432:
6430:
6429:Related topics
6426:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6410:
6405:
6404:
6403:
6392:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6281:
6273:
6267:
6265:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6250:United Kingdom
6247:
6242:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6187:
6185:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6116:Hostage-taking
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6076:Child soldiers
6073:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6039:Ruse de guerre
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5997:Hors de combat
5993:
5988:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5970:non-combatants
5962:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5940:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5872:
5870:
5861:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5796:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5740:
5719:
5703:
5683:
5667:
5653:
5652:External links
5650:
5649:
5648:
5635:
5620:
5607:
5592:
5586:
5571:
5564:
5551:
5536:
5530:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5444:
5419:
5390:
5372:
5346:
5316:
5284:
5252:
5236:
5229:
5221:Berghahn Books
5208:
5177:
5151:
5144:
5124:
5106:
5084:
5065:
5058:
5040:
5007:
4990:United Nations
4977:
4948:(7): e014697.
4928:
4898:
4876:
4852:
4822:
4792:
4785:
4765:
4758:
4740:
4733:
4713:
4687:
4657:
4638:
4617:
4598:
4570:
4566:Bloomberg News
4553:
4523:
4493:
4463:
4433:
4400:
4368:
4342:
4316:
4284:
4254:
4228:
4211:978-0761924371
4210:
4180:
4176:Deutsche Welle
4156:
4149:
4119:
4097:
4067:
4042:
4023:
4004:
3985:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3918:Terror bombing
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3836:
3834:Katyn massacre
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3814:Doctors' Trial
3811:
3806:
3801:
3799:Commando order
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3551:
3537:
3521:
3518:
3505:scorched earth
3493:
3490:
3473:
3470:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3428:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3362:United Nations
3357:
3356:United Nations
3354:
3298:Hermann Göring
3265:, such as the
3261:cities during
3190:neutral states
2997:intelligentsia
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2951:
2949:First Gulf War
2934:
2924:
2917:William Calley
2914:
2904:
2890:
2881:, head of the
2875:Wilhelm Keitel
2872:
2865:Adolf Eichmann
2858:
2851:Hermann Göring
2848:
2835:
2822:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2789:
2770:
2759:Omar al-Bashir
2756:
2730:
2720:
2706:
2680:
2665:Vladimir Putin
2648:heads of state
2626:Vladimir Putin
2622:Omar al-Bashir
2613:
2610:
2598:
2595:
2564:
2561:
2548:Main article:
2545:
2542:
2526:London Charter
2507:
2504:
2488:Main article:
2485:
2484:Leipzig trials
2482:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2434:
2433:
2419:
2406:
2396:
2357:Main article:
2354:
2351:
2293:and President
2283:Main article:
2280:
2277:
2257:Main article:
2254:
2251:
2222:
2221:Early examples
2219:
2195:
2192:
2150:, such as the
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1993:Military terms
1990:
1985:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1751:Tripwire force
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1273:Administrative
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1200:New generation
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:Fleet in being
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1113:Grand strategy
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:Scorched earth
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
977:Deep operation
974:
969:
962:
957:
951:
946:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
906:
905:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
824:
823:
818:
813:
803:
794:
789:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
778:Unconventional
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
726:
724:Disinformation
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
695:
694:
689:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
648:
643:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
629:
622:
621:
620:
619:
618:
617:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
575:
574:
573:
572:
571:
570:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
523:
522:
521:
520:
515:
510:
501:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
477:
475:Basic training
472:
465:
464:
459:
454:
449:
442:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
404:
403:
401:Reconnaissance
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
366:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
328:
327:
322:
320:Special forces
317:
312:
311:
310:
300:
295:
288:
287:
282:
277:
275:Reconnaissance
272:
267:
262:
257:
250:
249:
240:
235:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
175:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
160:
159:
154:
144:
143:
142:
137:
127:
126:
125:
118:Post-classical
115:
110:
104:
99:
98:
95:
94:
86:
85:
67:
66:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7761:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7724:Crime by type
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7659:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7575:in Uzbekistan
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7465:in the Russia
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7345:in Kazakhstan
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7175:in Bangladesh
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7160:in Azerbaijan
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7036:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7026:South America
7024:
7022:
7020:
7019:North America
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6984:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6965:Organizations
6963:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6943:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6912:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6881:
6873:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6845:
6841:
6834:
6829:
6827:
6822:
6820:
6815:
6814:
6811:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6764:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6700:
6695:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6678:Slave trading
6676:
6674:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6626:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6554:
6549:
6547:
6542:
6540:
6535:
6534:
6531:
6519:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6498:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6458:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6413:Yugoslav Wars
6411:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6343:War in Donbas
6341:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6262:
6256:
6255:United States
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6180:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6141:Mass killings
6139:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6096:Death marches
6094:
6092:
6091:Death flights
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5921:Fourth (1949)
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5911:Second (1949)
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:International
5854:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5830:
5825:
5823:
5818:
5816:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5729:
5725:
5720:
5708:
5704:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5672:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5638:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5621:
5610:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5593:
5589:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5565:
5554:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5537:
5533:
5527:
5523:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5482:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5415:
5409:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5373:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5347:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5209:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5181:
5178:
5165:
5161:
5155:
5152:
5147:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5128:
5125:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5081:. p. 57.
5080:
5076:
5069:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5051:
5044:
5041:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5011:
5008:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4932:
4929:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4845:September 22,
4840:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4823:
4815:September 22,
4810:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4788:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4769:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4751:
4744:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4717:
4714:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4639:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4602:
4599:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4560:Emery, Alex.
4557:
4554:
4541:
4537:
4536:Radio Dabanga
4533:
4527:
4524:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4464:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4434:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4404:
4401:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4132:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4055:
4054:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4008:
4005:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3782:Miscellaneous
3781:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3617:The Holocaust
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3552:
3549:
3543:
3538:
3535:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3492:Rendulic Rule
3491:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3443:
3432:
3429:
3422:
3419:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3274:raid on Tokyo
3273:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3130:described as
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:assassinating
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3034:flag of truce
3031:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:Kuniaki Koiso
2700:
2697:and Generals
2696:
2693:and Japanese
2692:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2551:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2337:. It defined
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2220:
2216:, China, 1938
2215:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:mass killings
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:Warrior caste
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1850:Show of force
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:Peacebuilding
1836:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:Air supremacy
1692:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:Islamic rules
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:Court-martial
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1513:Arms industry
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:Broken-backed
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1005:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
972:Expeditionary
970:
968:
967:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
949:
944:
943:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
904:
901:
900:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
843:Counterattack
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
797:
792:
787:
786:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
768:Psychological
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
704:Combined arms
702:
700:
697:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
646:
641:
640:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
616:
613:
612:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
581:
578:
577:
569:
566:
565:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
543:Fortification
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
529:
526:
525:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
503:
502:
499:
494:
493:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
364:
361:
359:
358:Landing craft
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
309:
306:
305:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
248:
244:
243:Standing army
241:
239:
236:
234:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
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7580:in Venezuela
7495:in Sri Lanka
7375:in Lithuania
7300:in Indonesia
7280:in Hong Kong
7275:in Guatemala
7145:in Australia
7135:in Argentina
6986:By continent
6914:Distinctions
6895:Positive law
6840:Human rights
6687:
6620:Rome Statute
6507:paratroopers
6398:
6397: /
6385:World War II
6284:2023–present
6233:Soviet Union
6070:parachutists
6068: /
6045:Safe conduct
6037:
5995:
5984: /
5943:Rome Statute
5916:Third (1949)
5906:First (1949)
5835:
5734:December 17,
5732:. Retrieved
5728:the original
5713:December 17,
5711:. Retrieved
5695:. Retrieved
5691:the original
5675:. Retrieved
5642:November 14,
5640:. Retrieved
5625:
5614:November 14,
5612:. Retrieved
5597:
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4070:
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4052:
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4026:
4007:
3995:. Retrieved
3975:
3868:Mukti Bahini
3858:Mass killing
3824:Human shield
3708:Legal issues
3514:
3498:
3495:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3447:
3431:
3421:
3366:Rome statute
3359:
3341:forced labor
3326:
3271:
3263:World War II
3248:
3235:
3229:
3206:
3198:Tokyo Trials
3179:
3109:
3102:
3094:belligerents
3089:
3076:. Attacking
3029:
3025:
3023:
3016:
3008:
2954:Ratko Mladić
2911:Nazi Germany
2907:Albert Speer
2901:Kriegsmarine
2893:Erich Raeder
2842:War minister
2825:Iwane Matsui
2719:trial ended.
2645:
2592:
2588:Rome Statute
2577:
2557:World War II
2553:
2519:
2495:
2493:
2477:
2474:Protocol III
2468:
2459:
2450:
2425:
2412:
2402:
2393:1929 version
2388:
2379:
2362:
2327:military law
2317:, political
2311:Franz Lieber
2306:
2288:
2262:
2224:
2141:
2129:distinctions
2064:
2062:
1963:Fifth column
1943:War resister
1938:Women in war
1833:Peacekeeping
1778:Arms control
1723:
1668:
1412:Mobilization
1407:Conscription
1365:Intelligence
1318:Organization
964:
893:Encirclement
773:Radiological
709:Conventional
563:Subterranean
470:Development:
469:
446:
408:
370:
333:Naval units:
332:
325:Signal corps
292:
270:Intelligence
255:Specialties:
254:
179:Organization
130:Early modern
43:
7627:Persecution
7595:in Zimbabwe
7520:in Thailand
7430:in Pakistan
7385:in Malaysia
7250:in Ethiopia
7210:in Cambodia
7190:in Botswana
7002:Middle East
6900:Sovereignty
6890:Natural law
6380:World War I
6370:Tigray war
6064:Attacks on
5991:Distinction
5876:Lieber Code
5365:October 13,
5339:October 18,
5101:AuthorHouse
4546:February 5,
4516:February 5,
4277:October 18,
4247:October 13,
4222:October 12,
3735:Rule of law
3322:V-2 rockets
3120:mass murder
3062:ruse of war
3030:laws of war
2968:Joseph Kony
2962:Bosnian War
2947:during the
2897:Großadmiral
2699:Hideki Tōjō
2691:Karl Dönitz
2684:Großadmiral
2465:Protocol II
2319:philosopher
2313:, a German
2285:Lieber Code
2279:Lieber Code
2269:laws of war
2164:Axis powers
2152:Lieber Code
2069:laws of war
1948:War studies
1771:Non-warfare
1699:Appeasement
1664:Martial law
1503:War economy
1442:Transgender
1395:Recruitment
1155:Containment
1040:Culminating
948:Operational
868:Envelopment
811:Air assault
692:Air cavalry
652:Air defence
632:Information
533:Cold-region
498:Battlespace
447:Historical:
293:Land units:
219:Space force
214:Coast guard
147:Late modern
108:Prehistoric
7734:Law of war
7714:War crimes
7708:Categories
7652:War crimes
7585:in Vietnam
7570:in Ukraine
7460:in Romania
7420:in Nigeria
7405:in Myanmar
7400:in Morocco
7390:in Manipur
7365:in Lebanon
7340:in Kashmir
7315:in Ireland
7270:in Germany
7205:in Burundi
7185:in Bolivia
7180:in Belarus
7165:in Bahrain
7150:in Austria
7140:in Armenia
7125:in Algeria
6683:Starvation
6418:Kosovo War
6331:Second war
6303:Korean War
6182:War crimes
6158:Starvation
6148:No quarter
5836:War crimes
5391:1575882159
4652:Boston.com
4615:(Spanish).
4335:August 17,
4298:Al Jazeera
4139:. p.
4110:nus.edu.sg
4060:August 23,
3997:October 5,
3950:References
3883:No quarter
3725:Law of war
3534:Law portal
3478:Yugoslavia
3448:Under the
3345:minefields
3236:war crimes
3230:Under the
3225:UN Charter
3167:Stalag 307
2979:Definition
2786:was killed
2749:Srebrenica
2456:Protocol I
2335:Union Army
2299:executions
2237:, for his
2198:See also:
2121:no quarter
2111:including
2008:War crimes
1998:Operations
1905:Foot drill
1875:Battle cry
1788:deterrence
1447:Harassment
1422:Specialism
1245:Technology
1240:Succession
1185:Liberation
1120:Asymmetric
1055:Empty fort
966:Blitzkrieg
935:Withdrawal
898:Investment
677:Camouflage
672:Biological
610:Underwater
585:Amphibious
504:Aerospace
371:Air units:
348:Submarines
157:fourth-gen
152:industrial
140:napoleonic
58:in Belgium
18:War crimes
7565:in Uganda
7560:in Turkey
7515:in Taiwan
7450:in Poland
7435:in Panama
7395:in Mexico
7380:in Malawi
7355:in Kuwait
7320:in Israel
7255:in France
7215:in Canada
7195:in Brazil
7130:in Angola
6688:War crime
6400:Wehrmacht
6326:First war
6289:by Israel
6279:2008–2009
6216:Palestine
6136:Massacres
5966:Civilians
5494:War crime
5439:953877027
5408:cite book
5305:Article 5
5273:Article 5
5138:. Verso.
5033:March 22,
4631:March 11,
4486:March 20,
4456:March 26,
4426:March 24,
4309:March 17,
4137:Routledge
3310:the Blitz
3306:Rotterdam
3294:Luftwaffe
3286:Nuremberg
3116:civilians
3054:espionage
3026:war crime
3010:AB-Aktion
2855:Luftwaffe
2796:President
2713:President
2688:President
2662:President
2584:The Hague
2265:The Hague
2188:civil war
2105:pillaging
2087:, taking
2065:war crime
1895:War novel
1798:Grey-zone
1758:War games
1719:Overmatch
1669:War crime
1619:Desertion
1609:Ceasefire
1604:Armistice
1491:Logistics
1469:Mercenary
1457:Volunteer
1388:Personnel
1360:Engineers
1305:Sociology
1260:World war
1255:Total war
1235:Strategic
1225:Religious
1210:Political
1205:Perpetual
1180:Irregular
1095:Offensive
1070:Defensive
1065:Deception
1025:Attrition
878:Guerrilla
873:Formation
816:Airbridge
748:Loitering
662:Artillery
315:Artillery
265:Engineers
233:Irregular
204:Air force
56:Waffen-SS
7590:in Yemen
7510:in Syria
7500:in Sudan
7480:in Sindh
7410:in Nepal
7370:in Libya
7350:in Kenya
7335:in Japan
7325:in Italy
7295:in India
7290:in Haiti
7285:in Egypt
7265:in Ghana
7260:in Gabon
7240:in Egypt
7230:in China
7220:in Chile
7085:Genocide
6856:Children
6656:Genocide
6518:Category
6485:Genocide
6298:Iraq War
5677:July 29,
5661:Archived
5464:Archived
5400:37718851
5359:Archived
5333:Archived
5308:Archived
5298:Archived
5276:Archived
5266:Archived
5201:June 21,
5195:Archived
5027:Archived
5000:June 29,
4994:Archived
4972:28835410
4942:BMJ Open
4921:July 24,
4915:Archived
4891:Archived
4839:Archived
4809:Archived
4779:. Avon.
4700:Archived
4674:Archived
4609:Archived
4591:April 7,
4540:Archived
4510:Archived
4506:BBC News
4450:Archived
4420:Archived
4387:Archived
4355:Archived
4329:Archived
4303:Archived
4271:Archived
4241:Archived
4216:archived
4168:Archived
4090:July 20,
4084:Archived
4034:Archived
4015:Archived
3991:Archived
3973:(2013).
3520:See also
3510:Hague IV
3215:and the
3186:property
3182:citizens
3138:adopted
3124:genocide
3058:sabotage
3048:and the
3038:chemical
2958:genocide
2913:1942–45.
2793:Peruvian
2745:genocide
2329:for all
2158:and the
2113:genocide
2093:property
2089:hostages
2073:criminal
1910:War song
1885:War film
1518:Materiel
1437:Children
1417:Training
1355:Medicine
1340:Doctrine
1295:Training
1230:Resource
1215:Princely
1165:Economic
1150:Conquest
1145:Colonial
1140:Cold war
1125:Blockade
1010:Strategy
982:Maneuver
743:Infantry
699:Chemical
553:Mountain
513:Airborne
376:Fighters
343:Warships
298:Infantry
224:Reserves
172:Military
7749:Warfare
7661:Related
7647:Victims
7642:Torture
7637:Slavery
7445:in Peru
7310:in Iraq
7305:in Iran
7235:in Cuba
7031:Oceania
6945:Aspects
6568:Sources
6196:Germany
6191:Croatia
6163:Torture
6153:Perfidy
6131:Looting
5868:Sources
5697:June 3,
5470:June 3,
4963:5691184
4680:July 6,
4670:Londoni
4584:Reuters
4393:June 4,
3848:Looting
3074:perfidy
3001:Palmiry
2941:Kurdish
2844:of the
2791:Former
2776:leader
2772:Former
2732:Former
2722:Former
2710:Serbian
2708:Former
2682:German
2673:Ukraine
2659:Russian
2555:during
2476:(2005)
2467:(1977)
2458:(1977)
2333:of the
2194:History
2097:perfidy
2085:torture
2023:Writers
2018:Weapons
1983:Battles
1932:Related
1920:Wargame
1915:Uniform
1863:Culture
1644:Perfidy
1639:Justice
1560:Science
1545:Outpost
1498:History
1478:Warrior
1474:Soldier
1462:foreign
1400:counter
1300:Service
1250:Theater
1190:Limited
1170:Endemic
1085:Nuclear
858:Foxhole
833:Cavalry
821:Airdrop
806:Airlift
791:Tactics
763:Nuclear
753:Missile
682:Cavalry
667:Barrage
645:Weapons
605:Surface
386:Command
381:Bombers
338:Frogman
308:Cavalry
280:Medical
247:Militia
229:Regular
209:Marines
123:castles
113:Ancient
101:History
80:outline
7622:Murder
7014:Europe
6997:Africa
6851:Humans
6673:Piracy
6505:(i.e.
6460:Other
6390:Allied
6245:Turkey
6240:Serbia
6228:Russia
6201:Israel
6003:Intent
5959:Topics
5633:
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5491:about
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5329:UN.org
5227:
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3426:nature
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3269:, the
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3005:Warsaw
2945:Kuwait
2784:, and
2774:Libyan
2315:lawyer
2231:ad hoc
2214:Suzhou
2003:Sieges
1687:Theory
1427:Morale
1285:Policy
1280:Branch
1060:Mosaic
1050:Fabian
997:Covert
930:Trench
915:Screen
838:Charge
828:Battle
801:Aerial
719:Denial
687:Horses
615:Seabed
568:Tunnel
548:Jungle
538:Desert
508:Aerial
6866:Women
6221:Hamas
6211:Japan
6206:Italy
3335:) as
3290:Tokyo
3098:trial
3003:near
2810:Other
2763:Sudan
2671:from
1976:Lists
1432:Women
1370:Ranks
1290:Staff
1220:Proxy
1135:Class
1090:Naval
1075:Depth
910:Swarm
903:Siege
883:Naval
863:Drone
758:Music
733:Robot
729:Drone
714:Cyber
657:Armor
627:Cyber
600:Green
595:Brown
558:Urban
518:Space
439:Radar
434:Sonar
303:Armor
260:Staff
238:Ranks
7632:Rape
7007:Asia
6395:Axis
5968:and
5901:1864
5736:2008
5715:2008
5699:2009
5679:2015
5644:2010
5631:ISBN
5616:2010
5603:ISBN
5582:ISBN
5560:2010
5547:ISBN
5526:ISBN
5472:2019
5435:OCLC
5414:link
5396:OCLC
5386:ISBN
5367:2010
5341:2021
5292:ICRC
5260:ICRC
5225:ISBN
5203:2013
5172:2012
5140:ISBN
5054:ISBN
5035:2016
5002:2017
4968:PMID
4923:2013
4847:2013
4817:2013
4781:ISBN
4754:ISBN
4729:ISBN
4708:2012
4682:2021
4633:2023
4593:2009
4548:2022
4518:2022
4488:2019
4458:2016
4428:2016
4395:2021
4363:2012
4337:2017
4311:2023
4279:2013
4249:2010
4224:2021
4206:ISBN
4145:ISBN
4092:2013
4062:2015
3999:2015
3981:ISBN
3482:NATO
3360:The
3329:POWs
3320:and
3288:and
3259:Axis
3184:and
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2135:and
2013:Wars
1530:Base
1080:Goal
992:Raid
590:Blue
528:Land
199:Navy
194:Army
5793:FBI
4958:PMC
4950:doi
4446:CNN
4382:BBC
4198:doi
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3188:of
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