2049:
2465:
briefly assessing the situation, he assumed command of the army, relieving
Netkachev, and ordered his troops to enter the conflict directly. On 3 July at 03:00, a massive artillery strike from 14th Army formations stationed on left bank of the Dniester obliterated the Moldovan force concentrated in Gerbovetskii forest, near Bender, effectively ending the military phase of the conflict. Romanian authors Anatolie Muntean and Nicolae Ciubotaru attribute to Lebed a quote demonstrating his support of the Transnistrian cause: "I am proud that we helped and armed Transnistrian guards against Moldovan fascists". He also called himself as "guarantor" of the "Dniester Republic". However, he bore no goodwill towards the Transnistrian leadership and frequently denounced them as "criminals" and "bandits". Another quote attributed to him describes his stance as follows: "I told the hooligans in Tiraspol and the fascists in Chișinău – either you stop killing each other, or else I'll shoot the whole lot of you with my tanks".
761:
603:
1384:, which allowed political pluralism at the regional (republican) level. In the Moldavian SSR, as in many other parts of the Soviet Union, national movements became the leading political force. As these movements exhibited increasingly nationalist sentiments and expressed intent to leave the USSR in favor of uniting with Romania, they encountered growing opposition from among the primarily Russian-speaking ethnic minorities living in the republic. This opposition to the new trends and potential future policies was manifested in a more visible way in Transnistria, where, unlike the rest of the MSSR, ethnic
133:
682:
524:
512:
702:
498:
170:
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2138:
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728:
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486:
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417:
398:
375:
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344:
329:
157:
2444:, appropriating an unknown but large amount of equipment. With the commanding officer of the 14th Guards Army, General G. I. Yakovlev, openly supporting the newly created PMR, these forays usually met no resistance from army guards, who never faced punishment. Yakovlev eventually participated in the founding of the PMR, served in the PMR Supreme Soviet and accepted the position as the first chairman of the PMR Department of Defense on 3 December 1991, causing the Commander-in-Chief of the
1954:
773:
1425:
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2227:-250 bombs each. The other aircraft was a MiG-29UB providing cover. No direct hits were achieved on the intended target, but the bridge received some blast and splinter damage from near misses. One of the bombs went astray and fell on a civilian residence, killing a number of people inside. Sources from the 14th Army claimed a second MiG-29 attack on an oil refinery at Tiraspol the following day, in which one aircraft was allegedly shot down by a
2099:) were killed, but the military unit from Cocieri was defeated by the Moldovans. The officers and their families were forced to leave the village. More policemen were ferried the following days from the western bank of the Dniester. They organized a defense line around the three villages, while PMR forces retained control of Dubăsari. In the following weeks both PMR and Moldovan forces amassed large numbers in the area and fought a
716:
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2393:, HRC Memorial observers interviewed 12 Transnistrian prisoners of war. The prisoners stated that while being initially detained and interrogated in Căușeni, they were severely beaten with clubs and gun buttstocks by Moldovan police, as well as being threatened with firing squads. There were also reports of captured Moldovan policemen, soldiers and volunteers being beaten and tortured by PMR forces.
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572:
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Bender arrested the 14th Army's Major
Yermakov on suspicion of planned subversion. After his arrest, PMR guards opened fire on the police station. The Moldovan government ordered its troops to enter the city the following morning. Urban warfare ensued between the two sides in the densely populated city, causing civilian casualties. The Moldovan radio said three Soviet Russian
1911:, and the first attempts to create one took place in early 1992 in response to the escalating conflict. The newly independent Moldovan parliament asked the government of the USSR "to begin negotiations with the Moldovan government in order to put an end to the illegal occupation of the Republic of Moldova and withdraw Soviet troops from Moldovan territory".
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54:
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local eyewitnesses testified that in the same day, unarmed men that gathered in the Bender downtown square in request of the PMR Executive
Committee, were fired at from machine guns. HRC observers were told by doctors in Bender that as a result of heavy fire from Moldovan positions between 19 and 20 June, they were unable to attend the wounded.
2709:[On measures to implement the Decree of the President of the Republic of Moldova of November 14, 1991 "On declaring the property of the Republic of Moldova weapons, military equipment, other military property belonging to military units stationed on the territory of the republic"] (in Russian). Archived from
2637:
participation of the 14th Army was indispensable for the victory of the separatists, ... Moldovan forces were concentrated in a forest near Bender, and Lebed decided to stop their advance by relying on his powerful artillery. At 0300 on 3 July massive barrages rained down on the unsuspecting
Moldovans ...
1985:
taken from the stores of the former 14th Army. The
Russian troops chose not to oppose the PMR units who had come to help themselves from the Army's stores; on the contrary, in many cases they helped the PMR troops equip themselves by handing over weapons and by opening up the ammunition stores to them.
2516:
Shortly before the escalation of the conflict in late June 1992, Romania provided military support to
Moldova by supplying weaponry, ammunition and armed vehicles, and also by sending military advisers and training Moldovan military and police forces. Volunteers from Romania fought on Moldova's side.
2381:
From 21 to 22 June, both sides engaged in intense urban street fighting, which employed the use of tanks, artillery and grenade launchers. Officers from both sides admitted that these actions led to an increase in civilian casualties. During this time period, ambulance cars were fired upon, with both
2214:
The news of the havoc in Bender reached
Tiraspol, only 11 km (7 miles) away, as Moldovan troops were approaching the crucial bridge over the Dniester. At this point, with the support of ROG's tanks, the Transnistrian Republican Guard and Cossack volunteers rushed to confront the Moldovan forces.
1903:
was made in absence of "any real legal basis". The PMR interpreted this as meaning that the 1940-merger of the two sides of the
Dniester river was dissolved. Moldova, however, did not agree, as large portions of the territory occupied in 1940 by the USSR remain in Ukraine, and almost immediately took
1810:
and
Moldova to believe that a union between Moldova and Romania was inevitable. This possibility caused fears among the Russian-speaking population that they would be excluded from most aspects of public life. From September 1989, there were strong scenes of protests in the region against the central
1972:
in
Moldovan territory numbered about 14,000 professional soldiers. The PMR authorities had 9,000 militiamen trained and armed by officers of the 14th Army. The volunteers came from the Russian Federation: a number of Don, Kuban, Orenburg, Sibir and local Transnistrian Black Sea Cossacks joined in to
1961:
By 1992, Moldova had troops under the Ministry of the Interior. On 17 March 1992, they started recruiting troops for the newly created Ministry of Defence. By July 1992, total Moldovan troop strength has been estimated at 25,000–35,000, including called-up police officers, conscripts, reservists and
1866:
One of the first clashes between the Moldovan government and separatists occurred on 2 November 1990 in Dubăsari. Local women stormed the Court and Prosecutor's Office and stayed there for several hours. A police detachment was then dispatched to clear a roadblock placed by the city residents on the
1395:
While some believe that the combination of a distinct history (especially 1918–1940) and a fear of discrimination by Moldovans, gave rise to separatist sentiments, others believe that ethnic tensions alone fail to account for the dynamics of the conflict. According to John Mackinlay and Peter Cross,
2636:
This response was too much for the commander of the 14th Army General Yuri Netkachev, who ordered Russian troops to drive out the Moldovan forces. The 14th Army had always supported the separatists since the very beginning, but this direct support was the first open participation in combat. ... The
2464:
arrived at the 14th Army headquarters with standing orders to inspect the army, prevent the theft of armaments from its depots, stop the ongoing conflict with any means available and ensure the unimpeded evacuation of armaments and Army personnel from Moldovan and through Ukrainian territory. After
2357:
The Russian 14th Army's role in the area was crucial to the outcome of the war. The Moldovan army's position of inferiority prevented it from gaining control of Transnistria. Russia has since disbanded the 14th army and reduced troop strength in Transnistria to a corps of around 1,300 men who form
2211:, and a third by a rocket propelled grenade that set its engine on fire. A fourth tank was disabled when its tracks were struck by a rocket propelled grenade. Russian Army spokesmen said the tanks had been seized from depots by separatists. Russian sources reported "dozens of dead" in the streets.
1984:
and the Russian Federation in turn) stationed in Transnistria, had fought with and on behalf of the PMR forces. A significant portion of the personnel of the Russian 14th Army were local conscripts and officers that had been given local residence. PMR units were able to arm themselves with weapons
1850:
signed a decree that declared void the decisions of the Second Congress of People Deputies of Transnistria from 2 September. For two months, Moldovan authorities refrained from taking action against this proclamation. Transnistria became one of the "unrecognized republics" that appeared throughout
2377:
eyewitnesses on 19 June 1992 saw Moldovan troops in armored vehicles deliberately firing at houses, courtyards and cars with heavy machine guns. The next day, Moldovan troops allegedly shot at civilians that were hiding in houses, trying to escape the city, or helping wounded PMR guardsmen. Other
2202:
erupted after regular Moldovan forces entered the city of Bender in an attempt to reestablish the authority of Moldova there. It has been reported that this action was a response to the stand-off at the police station in Bender on 19 June 1992. On the afternoon of that day, the Moldovan police in
2027:
A second Moldovan attempt to cross the Lunga bridge took place on 13 December 1991. As a result of the fighting, 27 PMR troops were taken prisoner and four Moldovan troops (Ghenadie Iablocikin, Gheorghe Cașu, Valentin Mereniuk and Mihai Arnăut) were killed, without Moldova being able to cross the
1992:
territory, accusing him of helping the PMR forces to arm themselves by using the weapons stocks of the 14th Army. At that time, General Yakovlev has been both Commander of the 14th Army and "Head of the National Defence and Security Department" of the PMR. The government of the Russian Federation
737:
2354:(Gyska), a village with an ethnic Russian majority near Bender. At least three villagers were killed. During the combat, civil buildings were damaged or destroyed by artillery fire. Later reports of ceasefire violations have been brought under control with no known loss of human lives.
2075:
On 1 March 1992 Igor Shipcenko, the PMR militia chief of Dubăsari, was killed by a teenager and Moldovan police were accused of the killing. Although minor, this incident was a sufficient spark for the already very tense situation to blow up and cause the conflict to escalate.
2215:
Russia Vice-president Rutskoy, in a speech delivered on the main channel of the Russian television, called for all Russian forces in Tiraspol to storm Bender. In the course of the following days, parts of the city of Bender, including the center, were retaken by PMR forces.
2339:). The agreement provided for peacekeeping forces charged with ensuring observance of the ceasefire and security arrangements, composed of five Russian battalions, three Moldovan battalions and two PMR battalions under the orders of a joint military command structure, the
2346:
It is estimated that in total nearly one thousand people were killed in the conflict, with the number of wounded approaching 3,000. Unlike many other post-Soviet conflicts, IDPs (internally displaced persons) did not reach large numbers in the war of Transnistria.
2707:"О мерах по реализации Указа Президента Республики Молдова от 14 ноября 1991 года "Об объявлении собственностью Республики Молдова вооружения, военной техники, другого военного имущества, принадлежащего воинским частям, дислоцированным на территории республики""
2032:, i.e. received full international recognition of its 27 August 1991 declaration of independence. After Transnistrian paramilitary advances Moldova declared the state of emergency on 29 March, the armed conflict culminated in May and June in three areas along the
2094:
On 2 March 1992, locals from Cocieri, after hearing about the situation in Dubăsari, broke into the small local arms depot to arm themselves against the PMR side. Three locals (Alexandru Luchianov from Cocieri, Alexandru Gazea from Molovata and Mihai Nour from
2024:. In an attempt to break through the roadblock, Moldovan forces then opened fire. In the course of the confrontation, three Dubăsari locals, Oleg Geletiuk, Vladimir Gotkas and Valerie Mitsuls, were killed by the Moldovan forces and sixteen people wounded.
1871:
that effectively cut the city off from the central government. After being prevented from clearing the roadblock, policemen opened fire, with three residents of Dubăsari being killed and 13 wounded, resulting in the first casualties of the conflict.
1926:, Smirnov and Andrei Cheban were arrested by Moldova's police and immediately transported to a prison in Moldova. In protest, the women's strike committee headed by Galina Andreeva blocked the Moscow–Chișinău railway line at a waypoint between
3045:
2072:(approx 30,000 inhabitants), together forming a contiguous mainly inhabited area 10–12 km (about 7 miles) along the shore. The only connection to the western bank from the three villages is either a ferry, or two bridges in Dubăsari.
2048:
2724:
2028:
bridge. After this second failed attempt, there was a lull in military activity until 2 March 1992, considered the official start date of the War of Transnistria. This day was the same day when Moldova was admitted as a member of the
426:
2416:
officially took the position of neutrality and non-involvement, many of its officers were sympathetic towards the fledgling Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) and some even defected in order to help the PMR side openly. ROG
2500:
members fought alongside Transnistrian separatists against Moldovan government forces in defense of a large ethnic-Ukrainian minority in Transnistria. The incongruous motive of assisting a mostly pro-Russian region was for the
2481:, fought on Transnistria's side. There is no general consensus on the number of volunteers or the military role they played in the conflict. Estimates range from as low as 200 to as high as 3,000. Russian volunteers included:
2218:
On 22 June 1992, acting on news that troops from the 14th Army were ready to cross the Dniestr and move deep into Moldova, the Moldovan military ordered an airstrike to destroy the bridge between Bender and Tiraspol. A three
365:
1839:, being exaggerated and, perhaps, intentionally politicized. Some described the language laws as "discriminatory" and criticized their rapid implementation. Others, on the contrary, complained the laws were not followed.
3120:
1776:
during 1940–1989. On 27 April 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR adopted the traditional tricolour (blue, yellow and red) flag with the Moldavian coat of arms and later changed in 1991 the national anthem to
3945:
407:
2452:, to promptly relieve him of his rank and service in the Russian military. Yakovlev's successor, General Yuriy Netkachev has assumed a more neutral stance in the conflict. However, his attempts at mediation between
1396:
who conducted a study based on casualty reports, significant numbers of both Transnistrians and Moldovans fought together on both sides of the conflict. They suggest that the conflict is more political in nature.
2836:
2087:, afraid of starting an armed conflict, ordered the 26 policemen to surrender to the attacking Cossacks and PMR forces. They were later exchanged for Lieutenant-General Yakovlev. Moldovan policemen loyal to
6117:
4672:
4197:
4453:
445:
3766:
Anatolie Muntean, Nicolae Ciubotaru – "Războiul de pe Nistru" (The war on Dniestr), Ager-Economistul Publishing House, Bucharest 2004, page 451 (with a photo of Lebed inspecting Transnistrian guards)
3228:
3099:
3051:
464:
388:
1368:, including isolation from the Romanian cultural sphere and the imposition of the Cyrillic alphabet for the Romanian language. During the last years of the 1980s, the political landscape of the
1026:
6489:
5068:
4062:
5304:
1965:
In addition to Soviet weaponry inherited upon independence, Moldova also obtained arms from Romania. Romania also sent military advisors and volunteers to aid Moldova during the conflict.
1650:
1036:
3050:[On 6 April, Cossacks in Krasnodar held a commemoration for those killed during the military conflict in Transnistria (PHOTO)] (in Russian). Radio Pridnestrovie. Archived from
2460:
were largely unsuccessful and the situation escalated to an open military engagement by June 1992. On 23 June, in the wake of a coordinated offensive by Moldovan forces, Major General
5474:
2928:
2111:
A similar development occurred on 13 March in the villages of Coșnița, Pîrîta, Pohrebea and Doroțcaia. A second "bridge-head" was formed on the eastern bank, now south of Dubăsari.
1973:
fight alongside the separatists. Due to the irregular makeup of the forces, troop strength of the PMR is in dispute, but it is believed that during March it numbered around 12,000.
2667:
Neither side had a proper military force. The intervention of the Russian Fourteenth Army and its commander General Alexander Lebed on behalf of the Transdniestrians was decisive.
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4035:
1645:
948:
4446:
4382:
3128:
1993:
interceded with the Moldovan government to obtain the release of General Yakovlev in exchange for 26 policemen detained by PMR forces at the start of the fighting in Dubăsari.
6215:
2012:
The first fatalities in the emerging conflict took place on 2 November 1990, two months after the PMR's 2 September 1990 declaration of independence. Moldovan forces entered
1883:
as "null and void" and viewed Moldova's Independence as an act of elimination of "the political and legal consequences of the above", declaring that the establishment of the
1843:
1468:
916:
ceasefires, lasted throughout the spring and early summer of 1992 until a ceasefire was declared on 21 July 1992, which has held. The conflict is sometimes known as the
2365:
With the PMR's overwhelming military superiority, Moldova had little chance of achieving victory and the fighting was unpopular with the skeptical Moldovan population.
6181:
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5288:
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sides accusing each other of the attacks. PMR sources stated that in Bender, one doctor was killed and several wounded, while six ambulance personnel were wounded in
6045:
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3201:
1823:
and Transnistria declared themselves as separate from Moldova and announced their application to be reattached to the Soviet Union as independent federal republics.
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3967:
1019:
2331:
A ceasefire agreement was signed on 21 July. This official document whose broad lines was established by the Russian side, was signed by the presidents of Russia (
1230:
6378:
5201:
5061:
4018:
1618:
1318:
1158:
1087:
995:
2706:
2437:. Moldovan forces used aircraft in the village of Parcani (Parkany) and shelled the ROG station there which meant engaging not just PMR but also Russian forces.
1080:
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4703:
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1732:
1575:
665:
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6107:
6102:
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4237:
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4142:
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1012:
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4859:
4132:
4125:
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3380:"Large-scale and gross violations of human rights and the situation in the zone of armed conflict in and around the city of Bender (June–July, 1992)"
3666:
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from the Dubăsari raion (district), instead of returning to work in the occupied precinct in Dubăsari, now a milice precinct, gathered in Cocieri.
5504:
5489:
3004:
1655:
3812:
Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and American Perspectives, Alexei Arbatov, et al. eds. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997), p. 178
1879:, on 27 August 1991, the Moldovan parliament adopted the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova. The declaration referred to the
1248:
1243:
6255:
6186:
5479:
5413:
3401:
2926:"Ethnicity and power in the contemporary world" Chapter 5, "Dynamics of the Moldova Trans-Dniester ethnic conflict (late 1980s to early 1990s)"
980:
588:
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1806:
regime in neighboring Romania in December 1989 and the partial opening of the border between Romania and Moldova on 6 May 1990, led many in
1075:
6134:
5418:
2586:
2350:
Days after the truce had been agreed upon, a military confrontation between a local self-defence unit and the Moldovan army, took place in
1675:
1225:
2925:
4230:
6159:
5273:
5002:
4729:
4364:
4152:
4040:
3960:
3877:Приднестровский парламентарий: Причиной приднестровского конфликта стало то, что Молдавия провозгласила себя моноэтническим государством
1638:
6092:
2541:
6373:
6205:
5571:
5156:
4889:
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Anatolie Muntean, Nicolae Ciubotaru – "Războiul de pe Nistru", Ager – Economistul Publishing House, Bucharest 2004, pages 119 and 122.
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1981:
1313:
1303:
1285:
6315:
5934:
5880:
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5823:
5818:
5808:
5773:
5768:
5758:
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5141:
6529:
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4824:
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4147:
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3285:
3159:
3032:
2629:
2288:
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2181:
2159:
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5678:
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in order to separate Transnistria into two halves, but were stopped by the city's inhabitants, who had blocked the bridge over the
5340:
2421:
sapper battalion, under the orders of General Butkevich, went over to the PMR side. This battalion later destroyed the bridges at
5917:
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5591:
4947:
4933:
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4013:
1725:
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5309:
4979:
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4104:
4057:
672:
41:
5778:
3505:
2959:
2945:
2508:
According to Romanian sources, at least one inmate was released from Bender prison to be enrolled in the Transnistrian Guard.
2505:
over Moldovan-Romanian aggression." Following the war, 50 UNSO members were awarded the PMR "Defender of Transnistria" medal.
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in 1991. However, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, the territorial changes resulting from it have remained in place.
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2040:(also Tighina) where the 14th former Soviet Army intervened and drove the Moldovan army putting an end to the conflict.
1424:
979:, which led to the events of 1940, was later denounced by present-day Moldova, which declared it "null and void" in its
648:
2207:
tanks from the 14th Army, some bearing Russian flags, were destroyed when closing in on central Bender, two of them by
2056:
The first area of military action was on the eastern shore of the Dniester river, from north to south, the villages of
2052:
Building still showing damage from the brief fighting in Bender during Transnistria's war for independence from Moldova
1880:
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The language laws presented a particularly volatile issue as a great proportion of the non-Moldovan population of the
1718:
1404:
1389:
1333:
1070:
593:
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3229:"Oazu Nantoi: "Conflictul nu este intern. Pacificatorii ruși au menirea de a nu admite rezolvarea acestui conflict""
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334:
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3121:"'Noi trebuie să ne închinăm rușilor și să uităm de români'. Interviu cu primul lider al găgăuzilor din Moldova"
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6210:
5566:
5151:
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4812:
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2684:[Pavel Creangă: "During the entire war I did not receive a single written order!"]. KP.Md. 3 March 2010
2359:
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2152:
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895:(Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, PMR) forces, including the Transnistrian Republican Guard, militia and neo-
607:
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1819:
as official languages. As the nationalist-dominated Moldavian Supreme Soviet outlawed these initiatives, the
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6 апреля казаки в Краснодаре провели поминовение погибших во время военного конфликта в Приднестровье (ФОТО)
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2199:
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and Transnistria, which initially sought autonomy within the Moldavian SSR, in order to retain Russian and
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was proclaimed, "Pridnestrovie" being the name for Transnistria in Russian. On 22 December 1990 president
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777:
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2837:"Unexpected Friendships: Cooperation of Ukrainian Ultra-Nationalists with Russian and Pro-Kremlin Actors"
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3524:"Human Rights and Russian Military Involvement in the "Near Abroad"" Human Rights Watch December. 1993
1953:
5863:
5536:
5433:
5403:
4793:
4507:
4502:
4182:
2449:
2083:
to support the PMR side stormed the police precinct in Dubăsari during the night. Moldovan president
2065:
1811:
government's ethnic policies. The protests developed into the formation of secessionist movements in
1803:
1605:
686:
402:
307:
283:
5039:
breakaway territory and a self-proclaimed republic, unrecognised by any United Nations member state.
3405:
528:
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5753:
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5459:
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visited Transnistria and expressed the full support of Transnistrian separatists by Soviet Russia.
2021:
1908:
1799:
1792:
1680:
1441:
1310:
576:
478:
379:
3448:
Arms and Ethnic Conflict, John Sislin, Frederic S. Pearson (Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), p. 99
440:
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6363:
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6325:
5964:
5716:
5614:
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5454:
5314:
5181:
5171:
5136:
4347:
3783:. Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University – via Google Books.
3780:
2228:
1835:
did not speak Moldovan (Romanian). The problem of the official language in the MSSR had become a
1413:
1255:
1175:
1143:
1119:
1094:
459:
257:
2784:
1570:
2301:
1002:
as its capital (1924–1940). It represents slightly more than one tenth of Moldova's territory.
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3028:
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2208:
2115:
1997:
1892:
1847:
1773:
1765:
1746:
1745:
On 31 August 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR enacted two laws. One of them made
1388:(39.9%) were outnumbered by the combined figure of Russians and Ukrainians (53.8%) as per the
1373:
1170:
1138:
921:
840:
765:
752:
551:
271:
216:
3333:
384:
6265:
6171:
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5653:
5619:
5464:
4771:
4514:
4359:
4342:
4279:
4187:
3738:"U.S. and Russian Policymaking With Respect to the Use of Force", chapter 4, Trans-Dniestria
2921:
2531:
2441:
2057:
1969:
1860:
1750:
1208:
900:
872:
848:
692:
240:
6340:
6087:
5939:
5907:
5581:
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5233:
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4602:
4408:
4284:
4274:
4192:
4008:
3724:
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Vlad Grecu – "O viziune din focarul conflictlui de la Dubăsari", Prut International 2005,
3509:
2932:
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2195:
1927:
1923:
1820:
1816:
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1588:
1198:
789:
516:
348:
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6423:
6250:
6013:
6003:
5380:
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4607:
4301:
3178:
3105:
3009:
2649:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2453:
2390:
2220:
2100:
2088:
2029:
1900:
1762:
1708:
312:
3521:
2985:
6453:
6383:
6220:
5858:
5324:
5206:
4311:
4269:
2336:
2332:
2084:
2080:
1896:
1884:
1856:
1832:
1772:
is the term used in the former Soviet Union for a virtually identical dialect of the
1365:
1323:
991:
987:
952:
503:
228:
202:
5046:
4519:
2434:
2383:
1942:
6139:
5663:
5629:
5384:
5329:
4903:
4781:
4712:
4332:
4030:
3988:
3502:
2963:
2595:
2474:
2224:
1988:
In December 1991, the Moldovan authorities arrested Lieutenant-General Yakovlev in
1836:
1807:
1490:
1450:
1369:
976:
972:
892:
720:
643:
490:
162:
88:
17:
5900:
4536:
4531:
2655:
Uncertain Ground: Engaging with Europe's De Facto States and Breakaway Territories
27:
1990–1992 conflict between Moldova and Russian-backed self-proclaimed Transnistria
4204:
3811:
3590:
3447:
3423:
6245:
5974:
5895:
5828:
5658:
5251:
5241:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4579:
4023:
3695:
3278:
Reconstituting the market: the political economy of microeconomic transformation
3173:
2502:
2490:
2422:
2326:
The Republic of Moldova on 21 July 1992, after the end of the Transnistria War.
2069:
2013:
1625:
1525:
1377:
868:
6280:
6230:
6149:
6018:
5268:
5186:
4294:
4289:
3604:
3005:"BIRN fact-check: what must be done for Russian forces to leave Transnistria?"
2873:
2618:
The Russian Military Resurgence: Post-Soviet Decline and Rebuilding, 1992–2018
1888:
1293:
956:
3919:
1962:
volunteers, especially from the Moldavian localities near the conflict zone.
5868:
3831:
3699:
3591:Хроника конфликта в Приднестровско – Молдавской республике с 1988 по 2006 г.
3572:
Vlad Grecu – "O viziune din focarul conflictului de la Dubăsari", page 38-39
2440:
In 1991, PMR paramilitary forces conducted forays into supply depots of the
1904:
steps to assert its sovereignty over the full territory of the former MSSR.
1455:
1385:
114:
independent state, but remains internationally recognized as part of Moldova
3076:
3071:[Participation of Russian Cossacks in the Transnistrian conflict].
2430:
2314:
3581:
V. Grecu – "O viziune din focarul conflictului de la Dubăsari", page 65-68
6433:
6295:
5078:
4614:
4524:
3715:
3665:
Bárcenas Medina, Luis Andrés; López Jiménez, José Ángel (December 2011).
2497:
2457:
2351:
2033:
2017:
2001:
1938:
1931:
1868:
1852:
1812:
1508:
1485:
1480:
1381:
999:
964:
814:
110:
4681:
3876:
3845:
3025:
Ethnicity and territory in the former Soviet Union: regions in conflict.
2770:
1004:
53:
5036:
4557:
4494:
4316:
4306:
4264:
3978:
3648:
Cooper, Tim; Stratulat, Alexandru (May 1998). "War in Moldova (1992)".
3551:
2728:
2681:Павел Крянгэ: «За всю войну я не получил ни одного письменного приказа!
2679:
2061:
1989:
1668:
960:
904:
896:
801:
614:
583:
571:
539:
146:
92:
1863:. These self-proclaimed states maintained close ties with each other.
1783:, the national anthem of Romania since 1990. Later in 1990, the words
5372:
4354:
3246:
912:
706:
681:
523:
511:
175:
2004:, encouraged the Transnistrian people to obtain their independence.
79:
2 March – 21 July 1992(4 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)
4585:
2096:
1952:
1446:
4673:
Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester
4198:
Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester
3690:
William Crowther,"Moldova: caught between nation and empire," in
3468:"Voronin says Romania started Moldova's war against Transnistria"
1364:
Under Soviet rule, the Moldavian SSR became subject of policy of
3250:
2204:
1977:
1919:
5344:
5050:
4685:
4435:
3949:
3781:"Moscow's "near Abroad": Security Policy in Post-Soviet Europe"
3552:"Dubossary marked anniversary of the first Dniester engagement"
2747:[Deep freeze conflict] (in Russian). Mk.ru. August 2012
1008:
2727:[Category:Book of Memory] (in Russian). Archived from
2238:
2131:
1957:
PMR trucks on the bridge between Tiraspol and Bender (Tighina)
2231:
missile, but this sortie was denied by Moldovan authorities.
867:) was an armed conflict that broke out on 2 November 1990 in
3906:[Geopolitical Aspect of the Transnistrian Conflict]
3148:"The radical right in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989"
2373:
According to a Human Rights Center "Memorial" report, local
1914:
When, on 29 August 1991, Transnistria's independence leader
3702:, eds., (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 322.
2223:
package took off from Chisinau, two of them armed with six
1757:
official language of the Soviet Union. It also mentioned a
1392:, largely due to higher immigration during the Soviet era.
910:
Fighting intensified on 1 March 1992 and, alternating with
4063:
Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova
1976:
Forces of the 14th Army (which had owed allegiance to the
75:(1 year, 8 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)
3850:[In the battle for the Donbass is Mr. Enactor!].
3667:"Los Conflictos Congelados de la Antigua Unión Soviética"
1791:
were dropped and the name of the country was changed to "
3335:
Human Rights in Moldova: The Turbulent Dniester (Page 4)
2946:"Mircea Snegur: 'Ne-am achitat cu România cu un MiG 29'"
2808:"Transnistria: Monument pentru generalul criminal Lebed"
2194:
A ceasefire was in negotiation during June 1992 in the
1907:
At that time, the Republic of Moldova did not have its
899:
units, which were supported by elements of the Russian
3176:[Better to die as a wolf than live as a dog].
2835:
Tarasiuk, Taras; Umland, Andreas (29 September 2021).
6167:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
4036:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
2769:[History of War] (in Russian). Archived from
949:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
886:
862:
4383:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
3512:
Centre for European Political Studies, October 2001.
2000:
of Russia, in a speech delivered to 5,000 people in
6354:
5955:
5707:
5605:
5524:
5442:
5392:
5297:
5232:
5088:
4993:
4946:
4902:
4811:
4780:
4720:
4595:
4572:
4545:
4487:
4396:
4375:
4325:
4257:
4250:
4231:
Bureau for Reintegration of the Republic of Moldova
4218:
4166:
4113:
4083:
3997:
1922:, the capital of Ukraine, to meet Ukrainian leader
3276:. In Paul Hare; Mohammed Ishaq; Judy Batt (eds.).
3068:Участие казаков России в Приднестровском конфликте
1844:Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
963:, i.e. the part situated to the west of the river
6490:Conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union
3904:"Aspect Geopolitic al Conflictului Transnistrean"
3893:O viziune din focarul conflictului de la Dubăsari
3606:Alexander Rutskoi visit in Bender in 1992 (video)
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
6182:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
5512:List of battles involving the Russian Federation
3832:"UNIMEDIA - Portalul de știri nr. 1 din Moldova"
6301:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
6216:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)
5219:Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)
3941:Armed conflict in and around the city of Bender
3332:Erika Dailey; Jeri Laber; Lois Whitman (1993).
3101:Приднестровье и Молдова. Можно ли уйти из СССР?
2960:"Borderland Europe: Transforming Transnistria?"
2469:Involvement of Russian and Ukrainian volunteers
967:(Nistru), was part of Romania (1918–1940). The
34:
3902:Covalschi, Stanislav; Leancă, Viorica (2014).
3492:Евгений Норин. Под знаменами демократии. С. 51
3247:"Transdniestrian conflict: origins and issues"
2839:. Illiberalism Studies Program. Archived from
2473:Volunteers from Russia and Ukraine, including
1761:. The second law stipulated the return to the
996:Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
907:forces, including Moldovan troops and police.
6155:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
5356:
5062:
4697:
4447:
3961:
3912:Jurnalul juridic național: Teorie și practică
3895:, Editura Prut International, Chișinău, 2005
3847:В бой за Донбасс идет господин реконструктор!
3503:Borderland Europe: Transforming Transnistria?
3420:"Istoria creării Armatei Naționale (Moldova)"
2917:
2915:
1726:
1020:
8:
5274:Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (1999–2001)
3402:"Moldova's 1991 Declaration of Independence"
3204:. UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia. Archived from
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
817:(aimed to make Transnistria part of Ukraine)
6108:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)
6103:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)
3327:
3325:
3142:
3140:
3138:
5424:Military history of the Russian Federation
5396:
5363:
5349:
5341:
5069:
5055:
5047:
4952:
4908:
4817:
4786:
4704:
4690:
4682:
4569:
4484:
4472:
4454:
4440:
4432:
4254:
4170:
4143:2006 Transnistrian independence referendum
3968:
3954:
3946:
3807:
3805:
3792:
3790:
3747:
3745:
3306:
3304:
3174:"uk:'Краще згинути вовком, нiж жити псом'"
2830:
2828:
2701:
2699:
2663:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
2537:Military history of the Russian Federation
1733:
1719:
1398:
1027:
1013:
1005:
31:
5674:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)
4133:Russian military presence in Transnistria
4126:Romanian-language schools in Transnistria
3674:Conflictos Internacionales Contemporáneos
3443:
3441:
2909:, 8 October 2001. Retrieved 6 August 2014
2611:
2609:
2557:Russian military presence in Transnistria
2408:Russian military presence in Transnistria
2289:Learn how and when to remove this message
2182:Learn how and when to remove this message
5247:Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)
3879:, REGNUM News Agency, 20:04 3 March 2008
3044:Voskresenskaya, Ludmila (6 April 2014).
2300:
2252:This section includes a list of general
2145:This article includes a list of general
2079:In response, the Cossacks who came from
2047:
2036:, and died down on 19–21 June after the
5635:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)
5505:List of wars involving the Soviet Union
5289:Macedonian inter-ethnic violence (2012)
3027:Taylor & Francis, 2002, page 107.
2605:
2578:
1875:In the aftermath of the failure of the
1412:
1401:
990:, today's Transnistria was part of the
6256:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
6187:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
6046:Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)
6024:Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919
5738:Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)
5414:Military history of the Russian Empire
3522:Analysis of the Transnistrian Conflict
2235:Ceasefire and Joint Control Commission
6406:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)
5784:Russian colonization of North America
5098:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)
4667:; also known as Tighina; belongs to
3643:
3641:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3280:. Taylor & Francis. p. 363.
2903:"Transnistria: relic of a bygone era"
994:as an autonomous republic called the
619:Pro-Moldovan Transnistrian volunteers
7:
5419:Military history of the Soviet Union
5242:Slovenian War of Independence (1991)
5157:Russian constitutional crisis (1993)
5125:Transnistria conflict (1990–present)
3098:Konoplyov, Roman (2 February 2014).
3023:Hughes, James and Sasse, Gwendolyn:
3003:Necșuțu, Mădălin (22 January 2021).
2587:Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova
1918:and three other deputies arrived in
6160:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
5202:Russian annexation of Crimea (2014)
4875:Proposed reintegration into Moldova
4365:Operational Group of Russian Forces
4153:2012 Moldova security zone incident
3779:Bodie, William C. (18 March 1993).
3727:(Tiraspol’: , 2001), 56. Chapter 6.
6515:History of Transnistria since 1991
6206:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
5572:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
5197:Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present)
4890:Unification of Moldova and Romania
4075:Unification of Moldova and Romania
3628:"Moldovan Forces Seize A Key Town"
3172:Tkachuk, Maryna (19 August 2011).
2862:Munteanu, Anatole (10 July 2009).
2258:it lacks sufficient corresponding
2151:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1759:linguistic Moldo–Romanian identity
1749:the official language, in lieu of
25:
6071:Red Army intervention in Mongolia
4148:2006 Transnistrian customs crisis
2935:, United Nations University Press
2114:In April, Russian Vice President
829:316–637 civilians killed in total
6125:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
5918:Russian conquest of Central Asia
5854:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
5650:Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)
5592:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
4014:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
3987:
3977:
3858:from the original on 30 May 2014
3382:. Human Rights Center "Memorial"
3227:Ursu, Valentina (1 March 2020).
3216:– via Uppsala Universitet.
3119:Bejan, Ștefan (21 August 2017).
2313:
2243:
2136:
2103:, with intermittent ceasefires.
1996:On 5 April 1992, Vice President
1702:
1596:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
1423:
938:Timeline of the Transnistria War
808:
795:
783:
771:
759:
746:
726:
714:
700:
680:
659:
642:
626:
613:
601:
582:
570:
545:
538:
522:
510:
496:
484:
472:
453:
434:
415:
396:
373:
354:
342:
327:
301:
289:
277:
265:
246:
234:
222:
210:
195:
168:
155:
139:
131:
58:Transnistrian forces during the
52:
6411:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)
6056:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
5997:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
5310:List of ongoing armed conflicts
5152:East Prigorodny conflict (1992)
4058:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
3474:. Tiraspol Times. 29 April 2008
2402:Involvement of the Russian Army
42:dissolution of the Soviet Union
6093:Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)
5743:War of the Austrian Succession
5279:Insurgency in Macedonia (2001)
5172:Second Chechen War (1999–2009)
5137:Georgian Civil War (1991–1993)
3680:. Ministerio de Defensa: 60–1.
2924:and Valery A. Tishkov (1996),
2868:[Campaign in Tigine].
2542:Moldova–Transnistria relations
1968:At the same time, the Russian
1691:History of independent Moldova
1576:Romanian military intervention
1240:Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes
104:Russian–Transnistrian victory
73:2 November 1990 – 21 July 1992
1:
6316:South Ossetia war (1991–1992)
6194:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
5945:Russian invasion of Manchuria
5935:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
5881:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
5876:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
5819:Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
5809:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
5774:Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
5769:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
5759:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
5749:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
5727:Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
5722:Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)
5699:Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)
5694:Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)
5669:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)
5645:Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
5640:Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)
5625:Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
5500:List of wars involving Russia
5495:Sino-Russian border conflicts
5305:List of Post-Soviet conflicts
5257:Croat–Bosniak War (1992–1994)
5224:Wagner Group rebellion (2023)
5162:First Chechen War (1994–1996)
5120:Gagauzia conflict (1989–1995)
3854:(in Russian). 29 April 2014.
3554:. newdaynews.ru. 4 March 2011
3422:. Army.gov.md. Archived from
3152:Pennsylvania University Press
3127:(in Romanian). Archived from
2567:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
2496:During the Transnistria War,
1945:swore allegiance to the PMR.
1564:Moldavian Democratic Republic
6271:Eritrean War of Independence
6241:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
6236:East German uprising of 1953
6177:Eastern Front (World War II)
6066:Red Army invasion of Georgia
6061:Red Army invasion of Armenia
6029:Estonian War of Independence
5970:Russian occupation of Tabriz
5891:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
5849:War of the Seventh Coalition
5732:War of the Polish Succession
5679:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
5192:Revolution of Dignity (2014)
5177:Tuzla Island conflict (2003)
5130:Transnistria War (1990–1992)
4121:Human rights in Transnistria
3075:(in Russian). Archived from
2872:(in Russian). Archived from
2616:De La Pedraja, René (2018).
2064:(approx 6,000 inhabitants),
1934:, until the men were freed.
1798:These events, including the
589:Ministry of Internal Affairs
6311:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
6261:Sino-Soviet border conflict
6130:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
6098:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
6034:Latvian War of Independence
5923:Russian conquest of Bukhara
5814:War of the Fourth Coalition
5799:War of the Second Coalition
5212:Russian invasion of Ukraine
5147:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
5142:South Ossetia War (1991–92)
4880:Proposed Russian annexation
3233:Radio Europa Liberă Moldova
2785:"Приднестровье без Шевцова"
2744:Конфликт глубокой заморозки
1937:In late 1991, policemen in
1877:Soviet coup attempt of 1991
1390:1989 Census in Transnistria
986:Before the creation of the
981:Declaration of Independence
887:
863:
6556:
6306:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
5844:War of the Sixth Coalition
5834:War of the Fifth Coalition
5804:War of the Third Coalition
5409:Military history of Russia
5371:Armed conflicts involving
4226:Reintegration into Moldova
2405:
2125:
935:
928:) in Moldova and Romania.
6419:
6145:Soviet invasion of Poland
5839:French invasion of Russia
5450:Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
5399:
5264:Albanian Civil War (1997)
5182:Russo-Georgian War (2008)
5033:
4975:Romanian-language schools
4955:
4911:
4885:Russian military presence
4820:
4789:
4653:
4470:
4173:
4158:2022 Transnistria attacks
4005:First Partition of Poland
3723:24 September 2015 at the
3108:– via Google Books.
1842:On 2 September 1990, the
1154:North Caucasus insurgency
1046:
876:
852:
845:Războiul din Transnistria
828:
823:
561:
184:
124:
65:
51:
39:
6530:Military of Transnistria
6286:South African Border War
6211:Guerrilla war in Ukraine
6113:Chechen uprising of 1932
5794:Russo-Persian War (1796)
5320:List of frozen conflicts
5035:Note: Transnistria is a
4762:Joint Control Commission
4745:Transnistria Governorate
4416:Cobasna ammunition depot
4251:Participants and figures
4207:(2005–present; see also
4138:Joint Control Commission
4053:The Holocaust in Romania
4046:Transnistria Governorate
3846:
3692:New States, New Politics
3541:, page 30-34 (Romanian)]
3274:"Who are the Moldovans?"
3100:
3067:
3046:
2864:
2743:
2725:"Категория:Книга Памяти"
2680:
2389:In the Moldovan city of
2341:Joint Control Commission
1601:Transnistria Governorate
1509:Principality of Moldavia
1496:Voivodeship of Maramureș
951:and the creation of the
608:Popular Front of Moldova
5928:Khivan campaign of 1873
5779:Russo-Polish War (1792)
5284:Unrest in Kosovo (2004)
5252:Bosnian War (1992–1995)
2552:Odesa Military District
2527:History of Transnistria
2273:more precise citations.
2166:more precise citations.
2128:Battle of Bender (1992)
1881:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
1676:Independence of Moldova
1656:Anti-fascist resistance
1476:Origin of the Romanians
969:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
108:Transnistria becomes a
6510:Wars involving Romania
6505:Wars involving Moldova
6401:Western Libya campaign
6076:East Karelian uprising
5597:Wagner Group rebellion
5532:Uprising of Bolotnikov
5269:Kosovo War (1998–1999)
5187:Maidan Uprising (2013)
5167:War in Abkhazia (1998)
4850:Moldova–Ukraine border
4767:1997 Moscow memorandum
4669:Municipality of Bender
4596:Southern security zone
4573:Northern security zone
4546:Southern security zone
4488:Northern security zone
4421:Moldova–Ukraine border
4178:1997 Moscow memorandum
3338:. Human Rights Watch.
3146:Sabrina Ramet (1999),
2806:M. A. (12 June 2012).
2512:Involvement of Romania
2306:
2053:
1958:
1887:on the territories of
1867:bridge over the river
1544:Bessarabia Governorate
1344:Wagner Group rebellion
925:
844:
185:Commanders and leaders
6500:Wars involving Russia
6495:Separatism in Moldova
6465:Transnistria conflict
6396:Intervention in Syria
6331:Tajikistani Civil War
6039:Lithuanian–Soviet War
5980:Battle of Robat Karim
5429:Post-Soviet conflicts
5008:Poles in Transnistria
4750:Transnistria conflict
4479:Transnistrian control
4464:Transnistria conflict
4188:2003 Kozak memorandum
3984:Transnistria conflict
3736:Irina F. Selivanova.
3596:17 March 2009 at the
3508:25 March 2007 at the
3054:on 10 September 2014.
2931:10 March 2009 at the
2598:until 27 August 1991.
2562:Transnistria conflict
2305:Bender's war memorial
2304:
2196:Bender (Tighina) area
2051:
2044:Cocieri-Dubăsari area
1956:
1780:Deșteaptă-te, române!
1531:United Principalities
1299:Revolution of Dignity
1236:Dungan–Kazakh clashes
1038:Post-Soviet conflicts
943:Historical background
936:Further information:
864:Voyna v Pridnestrovye
853:Война в Приднестровье
824:Casualties and losses
634:and military advisors
46:Transnistria conflict
6540:1991 in Transnistria
6535:1990 in Transnistria
6520:1992 in Transnistria
6379:Annexation of Crimea
6083:Central Asian Revolt
5992:Ukrainian–Soviet War
5864:Russo-Circassian War
5547:Pugachev's Rebellion
5490:Russo-Ukrainian Wars
5434:Russian Armed Forces
5404:Early modern warfare
4238:Annexation by Russia
4193:2005 Yushchenko Plan
4183:1999 Istanbul summit
3852:Комсомольская Правда
3755:"Вождь в чужой стае"
2713:on 12 November 2017.
2592:Constituent republic
2450:Yevgeny Shaposhnikov
1851:the USSR, alongside
1372:was changing due to
1360:Political background
1319:annexation of Crimea
687:Russian Armed Forces
666:Ministry of Interior
253:Tudor Dabija-Cazarov
6439:Sphere of influence
6369:Russo-Ukrainian War
6226:First Indochina War
6199:Soviet–Japanese War
6135:Xinjiang War (1937)
6004:Kazakhstan Campaign
5789:Kościuszko Uprising
5689:Second Northern War
5567:Coup attempt (1991)
5460:Soviet-Finnish wars
5082:conflicts in Europe
4929:Moldova Steel Works
4825:2006 customs crisis
4661:Anenii Noi district
4219:Potential solutions
4209:Berlin Plus package
4167:Resolution attempts
4105:Ceasefire agreement
3426:on 4 September 2011
3272:Hare, Paul (1999).
2901:Richard Humphries.
2590:until 23 May 1991.
2547:Moldovan neutrality
2397:Foreign involvement
2369:Human rights abuses
2200:a full-scale battle
2122:Bender/Tighina area
1793:Republic of Moldova
1681:War of Transnistria
1669:Republic of Moldova
1651:Soviet deportations
1551:Treaty of Bucharest
1442:Chernyakhov culture
1205:Kyrgyz revolutions
632:Romanian volunteers
479:Vladimir Antyufeyev
18:War in Transnistria
6429:Russian Revolution
6364:Russo-Georgian War
6346:Second Chechen War
6326:Georgian Civil War
5965:Russo-Japanese War
5717:Great Northern War
5615:Russo-Crimean Wars
5587:Second Chechen War
5485:Russo-Turkish wars
5480:Russo-Swedish wars
5470:Russo-Persian Wars
5455:Russo-Crimean Wars
5315:List of proxy wars
4348:Vadim Krasnoselsky
3757:by Mikhail Bergman
3632:The New York Times
3131:on 23 August 2017.
2948:. 14 October 2011.
2624:. pp. 93–94.
2307:
2229:S-125 Neva/Pechora
2209:T-12 antitank guns
2054:
1959:
1827:Political conflict
1709:Moldova portal
1304:pro-Russian unrest
926:Războiul moldo-rus
422:Vladimir Atamaniuk
6480:Conflicts in 1992
6475:Conflicts in 1991
6470:Conflicts in 1990
6447:
6446:
6336:First Chechen War
6291:Soviet–Afghan War
6276:Angolan Civil War
6051:Polish–Soviet War
6009:Finnish Civil War
5987:Russian Civil War
5886:November Uprising
5824:Anglo-Russian War
5764:Bar Confederation
5577:First Chechen War
5557:Russian Civil War
5552:Decembrist revolt
5542:Bulavin Rebellion
5537:Razin's Rebellion
5520:
5519:
5475:Russo-Polish Wars
5443:Lists by opponent
5338:
5337:
5044:
5043:
5029:
5028:
4942:
4941:
4898:
4897:
4860:Political parties
4830:Foreign relations
4807:
4806:
4679:
4678:
4657:Dubăsari district
4648:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4632:
4611:
4588:
4566:
4565:
4528:
4511:
4499:
4462:Geography of the
4429:
4428:
4404:Gagauzia conflict
4392:
4391:
4246:
4245:
4068:Moldovan language
3311:Hare, Ishaq, Batt
3065:Gladkovskaya, V.
2876:on 27 August 2016
2865:Кампания в Тигине
2843:on 18 August 2023
2731:on 25 March 2016.
2503:struggle of Slavs
2299:
2298:
2291:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2116:Alexander Rutskoy
2008:Military conflict
1949:Military strength
1893:Northern Bukovina
1774:Romanian language
1770:Moldovan language
1766:Romanian alphabet
1743:
1742:
1646:Soviet occupation
1469:Early Middle Ages
1374:Mikhail Gorbachev
1356:
1355:
918:Moldo-Russian war
885:
861:
833:
832:
766:Union of Cossacks
753:Orenburg Cossacks
552:Dmytro Korchynsky
361:Vladimir Rilyakov
284:Nicolae Chirtoacă
272:Constantin Antoci
217:Valeriu Muravschi
120:
119:
16:(Redirected from
6547:
6485:Ethnic conflicts
6460:Transnistria War
6321:Transnistria War
6266:War of Attrition
6172:Continuation War
6121:
5913:January Uprising
5754:Seven Years' War
5654:Time of Troubles
5620:Russo-Kazan Wars
5465:Russo-Kazan Wars
5397:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5342:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5048:
4953:
4924:
4909:
4818:
4787:
4772:Kozak memorandum
4755:Transnistria War
4706:
4699:
4692:
4683:
4665:Căușeni district
4622:
4605:
4584:
4570:
4522:
4505:
4497:
4485:
4476:Moldovan control
4473:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4433:
4360:14th Guards Army
4343:Yevgeny Shevchuk
4326:Pro-Transnistria
4280:Vladimir Voronin
4255:
4171:
4098:Battle of Bender
4085:Transnistria War
3992:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3947:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3909:
3898:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3828:
3822:
3809:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3785:
3784:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3671:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3636:
3635:
3624:
3613:
3607:
3602:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3548:
3542:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3464:
3458:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3408:on 17 June 2007.
3404:. Archived from
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3376:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3329:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3169:
3163:
3144:
3133:
3132:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3073:olvia.idknet.com
3062:
3056:
3055:
3041:
3035:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2966:on 25 March 2007
2962:. Archived from
2956:
2950:
2949:
2942:
2936:
2922:Kumar Rupesinghe
2919:
2910:
2899:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2773:on 4 March 2016.
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2660:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2613:
2599:
2583:
2532:Kozak memorandum
2442:14th Guards Army
2317:
2294:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2269:this section by
2260:inline citations
2247:
2246:
2239:
2187:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2162:this article by
2153:inline citations
2140:
2139:
2132:
2068:and the city of
2038:Battle of Bender
1970:14th Guards Army
1861:Nagorno-Karabakh
1735:
1728:
1721:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1521:Early Modern Era
1427:
1417:
1399:
1231:Gorno-Badakhshan
1226:South Kyrgyzstan
1199:Batken spillover
1056:Nagorno-Karabakh
1041:
1039:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1006:
890:
880:
878:
866:
856:
854:
837:Transnistria War
813:
812:
811:
800:
799:
798:
788:
787:
786:
776:
775:
774:
764:
763:
762:
755:
751:
750:
749:
741:
731:
730:
729:
719:
718:
717:
705:
704:
703:
693:14th Guards Army
685:
684:
664:
663:
662:
654:Republican Guard
647:
646:
635:
631:
630:
629:
618:
617:
606:
605:
604:
587:
586:
575:
574:
554:
550:
549:
548:
543:
542:
527:
526:
515:
514:
501:
500:
499:
489:
488:
487:
477:
476:
475:
468:
458:
457:
456:
449:
439:
438:
437:
430:
420:
419:
418:
411:
401:
400:
399:
392:
378:
377:
376:
369:
359:
358:
357:
347:
346:
345:
338:
332:
331:
330:
316:
306:
305:
304:
294:
293:
292:
282:
281:
280:
270:
269:
268:
261:
251:
250:
249:
239:
238:
237:
227:
226:
225:
215:
214:
213:
206:
200:
199:
198:
174:
172:
171:
161:
159:
158:
145:
143:
142:
136:
135:
134:
67:
66:
60:Battle of Bender
56:
35:Transnistria War
32:
21:
6555:
6554:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6443:
6415:
6356:
6350:
6341:War of Dagestan
6115:
6088:August Uprising
5957:
5951:
5940:Boxer Rebellion
5908:Amur Annexation
5709:
5703:
5607:
5601:
5582:War of Dagestan
5562:August Uprising
5516:
5438:
5388:
5369:
5339:
5334:
5293:
5234:Southern Europe
5228:
5084:
5075:
5045:
5040:
5025:
4989:
4980:Public holidays
4938:
4922:
4894:
4840:Law enforcement
4803:
4776:
4716:
4710:
4680:
4675:
4649:
4640:
4591:
4562:
4541:
4466:
4460:
4430:
4425:
4409:Gagauz Republic
4388:
4371:
4321:
4285:Nicolae Timofti
4275:Petru Lucinschi
4242:
4214:
4211:, 2016–present)
4162:
4109:
4079:
3993:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3937:
3924:
3922:
3907:
3901:
3896:
3888:
3886:Further reading
3883:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3735:
3731:
3725:Wayback Machine
3711:
3710:
3706:
3689:
3685:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3651:Airman Magazine
3647:
3646:
3639:
3634:. 21 June 1992.
3626:
3625:
3616:
3605:
3600:
3598:Wayback Machine
3589:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3532:
3528:
3520:
3516:
3510:Wayback Machine
3500:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3472:miris.eurac.edu
3466:
3465:
3461:
3446:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3317:
3309:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3208:on 4 April 2016
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3145:
3136:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3079:on 26 July 2014
3069:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3048:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3022:
3018:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2933:Wayback Machine
2920:
2913:
2907:The Japan Times
2900:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2767:"История Войны"
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2658:
2650:de Waal, Thomas
2648:
2647:
2643:
2632:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2523:
2514:
2471:
2462:Alexander Lebed
2410:
2404:
2399:
2371:
2335:) and Moldova (
2329:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2295:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2265:Please help to
2264:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2188:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2158:Please help to
2157:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2109:
2046:
2010:
1951:
1924:Leonid Kravchuk
1829:
1821:Gagauz Republic
1739:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1686:Gagauz Republic
1671:
1661:
1660:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1591:
1589:Greater Romania
1581:
1580:
1566:
1556:
1555:
1546:
1536:
1535:
1511:
1501:
1500:
1471:
1461:
1460:
1437:
1415:
1408:
1376:'s policies of
1362:
1357:
1352:
1311:Russo-Ukrainian
1265:
1180:
1149:guerrilla phase
1134:Chechen–Russian
1042:
1037:
1035:
1033:
945:
940:
934:
809:
807:
796:
794:
793:
784:
782:
772:
770:
760:
758:
747:
745:
744:
735:
727:
725:
715:
713:
701:
699:
679:
660:
658:
641:
633:
627:
625:
624:
612:
602:
600:
581:
569:
557:
546:
544:
537:
536:
533:
521:
517:Alexander Lebed
509:
497:
495:
485:
483:
473:
471:
462:
454:
452:
443:
435:
433:
424:
416:
414:
405:
403:Nikolay Lepkhov
397:
395:
382:
374:
372:
363:
355:
353:
349:Andrey Manoylov
343:
341:
328:
326:
325:
319:
310:
308:Boris Muravschi
302:
300:
290:
288:
278:
276:
266:
264:
255:
247:
245:
235:
233:
223:
221:
211:
209:
196:
194:
193:
180:
169:
167:
156:
154:
140:
138:
132:
130:
95:
74:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6553:
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6442:
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6424:Russian Winter
6420:
6417:
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6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6392:
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6381:
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6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6251:Vlora incident
6248:
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6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
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6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
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6041:
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6031:
6021:
6016:
6014:Sochi conflict
6011:
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5999:
5984:
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5298:Related topics
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5090:Eastern Europe
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5013:Census in 1989
5010:
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4870:Prime Minister
4867:
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4740:Moldavian ASSR
4737:
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4718:
4717:
4715: articles
4711:
4709:
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4694:
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4663:; belongs to
4659:; belongs to
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4608:Proteagailovca
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4302:European Union
4299:
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4019:Moldavian ASSR
4016:
4011:
4009:Treaty of Iași
4001:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3965:
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3950:
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3943:
3936:
3935:External links
3933:
3932:
3931:
3914:(3): 242–247.
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3869:
3837:
3823:
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3714:Anna Volkova,
3704:
3683:
3676:(in Spanish).
3657:
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3614:
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3574:
3565:
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3526:
3514:
3501:Vahl, Marius.
3494:
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3459:
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3344:
3321:
3315:
3300:
3286:
3264:
3253:. 10 June 1994
3238:
3235:(in Romanian).
3219:
3193:
3182:(in Ukrainian)
3179:Ukraina Moloda
3164:
3134:
3111:
3106:Roman Konoplev
3104:(in Russian).
3090:
3057:
3036:
3016:
3010:Balkan Insight
2995:
2977:
2951:
2937:
2911:
2887:
2854:
2824:
2798:
2776:
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2716:
2695:
2671:
2665:. p. 39.
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2539:
2534:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2487:Eduard Limonov
2483:Dmitry Rogozin
2479:Kuban Cossacks
2470:
2467:
2448:armed forces,
2406:Main article:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2370:
2367:
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2190:
2189:
2144:
2142:
2135:
2126:Main article:
2123:
2120:
2108:
2105:
2045:
2042:
2034:Dniester river
2030:United Nations
2009:
2006:
1950:
1947:
1930:(Tighina) and
1901:Moldavian ASSR
1828:
1825:
1741:
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1619:Moldavian ASSR
1617:
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1603:
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1270:
1269:
1268:Eastern Europe
1264:
1263:
1261:Karakalpakstan
1258:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1176:Russo-Georgian
1173:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1088:2023 offensive
1085:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1009:
944:
941:
933:
930:
891:) between pro-
831:
830:
826:
825:
821:
820:
819:
818:
781:
780:
768:
756:
742:
723:
697:
696:
677:
676:
656:
655:
638:
637:
636:
622:
621:
620:
598:
597:
596:
579:
564:
563:
562:Units involved
559:
558:
556:
555:
532:
531:
529:Yuri Netkachev
519:
507:
493:
481:
469:
450:
431:
412:
393:
370:
351:
339:
322:
320:
318:
317:
298:
296:Leonid Carasev
286:
274:
262:
243:
231:
219:
207:
190:
187:
186:
182:
181:
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178:
165:
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149:
127:
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118:
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101:
97:
96:
87:
85:
81:
80:
71:
63:
62:
49:
48:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6552:
6541:
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6536:
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6528:
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6523:
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6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
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6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
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6463:
6461:
6458:
6457:
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6432:
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6425:
6422:
6421:
6418:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6390:
6389:2022 invasion
6387:
6385:
6384:War in Donbas
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
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6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
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6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6221:Ili Rebellion
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6188:
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6104:
6101:
6099:
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6094:
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5954:
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5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5870:
5867:
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5862:
5861:
5860:
5859:Caucasian War
5857:
5855:
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5847:
5845:
5842:
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5837:
5835:
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5540:
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5530:
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5527:
5523:
5513:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5498:
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5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5366:
5361:
5359:
5354:
5352:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5325:War on terror
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
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5280:
5277:
5275:
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5265:
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5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5207:War in Donbas
5205:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
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5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:2016 conflict
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
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5087:
5083:
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5072:
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4907:
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4779:
4773:
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4756:
4753:
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4707:
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4695:
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4544:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4515:Molovata Nouă
4513:
4509:
4504:
4501:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4475:
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4422:
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4410:
4407:
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4366:
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4353:
4349:
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4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4312:United States
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:Mircea Snegur
4268:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
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4179:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4041:Moldavian SSR
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3971:
3966:
3964:
3959:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3900:
3897:(in Romanian)
3894:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3873:
3870:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3820:0-262-51093-6
3817:
3813:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3797:(in Romanian)
3793:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3775:
3772:
3768:(in Romanian)
3763:
3760:
3756:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3739:
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3730:
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3718:
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3623:
3621:
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3615:
3612:
3608:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3539:9975-69-741-0
3536:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3456:0-8476-8855-0
3453:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3347:
3345:9781564320896
3341:
3337:
3336:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:, p. 369-370.
3312:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3289:
3287:90-5702-328-8
3283:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3265:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3220:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3168:
3165:
3162:, pp. 290 ff.
3161:
3160:0-271-01810-0
3157:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3094:
3091:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3061:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:0-7146-8210-1
3030:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
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2941:
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2934:
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2912:
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2898:
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2875:
2871:
2867:
2858:
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2842:
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2809:
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2799:
2786:
2780:
2777:
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2726:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2683:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2631:9781476634494
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2412:Although the
2409:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2337:Mircea Snegur
2334:
2333:Boris Yeltsin
2324:
2316:
2303:
2293:
2290:
2282:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2186:
2183:
2175:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:Mircea Snegur
2082:
2081:Rostov-on-Don
2077:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:Molovata Nouă
2050:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1897:Hertsa region
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:Moldavian SSR
1882:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:South Ossetia
1854:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:Moldavian SSR
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1736:
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1722:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1687:
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1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:Moldavian SSR
1635:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1606:The Holocaust
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:Russification
1359:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1334:2022 invasion
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1159:IS insurgency
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:North Ossetia
1127:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:South Ossetia
1098:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:Border crisis
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
992:Ukrainian SSR
989:
988:Moldavian SSR
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
955:in 1940, the
954:
953:Moldavian SSR
950:
942:
939:
931:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
883:
874:
870:
865:
859:
850:
846:
842:
838:
827:
822:
816:
806:
805:
803:
791:
779:
769:
767:
757:
754:
743:
739:
734:
724:
722:
712:
711:
710:
708:
694:
691:
690:
689:
688:
683:
675:
674:
670:
669:
668:
667:
653:
652:
651:
650:
645:
639:
623:
616:
611:
610:
609:
599:
595:
592:
591:
590:
585:
580:
578:
573:
568:
567:
566:
565:
560:
553:
541:
535:
534:
530:
525:
520:
518:
513:
508:
506:
505:
504:Boris Yeltsin
494:
492:
482:
480:
470:
466:
461:
451:
447:
442:
432:
428:
423:
413:
409:
404:
394:
390:
386:
381:
380:Ștefan Chițac
371:
367:
362:
352:
350:
340:
337:
336:
324:
323:
321:
314:
309:
299:
297:
287:
285:
275:
273:
263:
259:
254:
244:
242:
241:Pavel Creangă
232:
230:
220:
218:
208:
205:
204:
203:Mircea Snegur
192:
191:
189:
188:
183:
177:
166:
164:
153:
152:
150:
148:
129:
128:
123:
113:
112:
107:
106:
105:
102:
99:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
82:
78:
72:
69:
68:
64:
61:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6320:
6140:World War II
5664:Smolensk War
5630:Livonian War
5330:War on drugs
5129:
5019: /
5015: /
4995:Demographics
4916:Central bank
4835:Human rights
4754:
4735:World War II
4713:Transnistria
4498:(Vasilievca)
4338:Igor Smirnov
4333:Transnistria
4084:
4031:World War II
3923:. Retrieved
3911:
3892:
3891:Vlad Grecu,
3872:
3860:. Retrieved
3851:
3840:
3826:
3774:
3762:
3752:(in Russian)
3732:
3716:
3712:(in Russian)
3707:
3691:
3686:
3677:
3673:
3660:
3649:
3631:
3601:(in Russian)
3586:
3577:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3546:
3529:
3517:
3497:
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3471:
3462:
3428:. Retrieved
3424:the original
3414:
3406:the original
3396:
3384:. Retrieved
3349:. Retrieved
3334:
3318:
3310:
3291:. Retrieved
3277:
3267:
3255:. Retrieved
3241:
3232:
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3206:the original
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3177:
3167:
3129:the original
3124:
3114:
3093:
3081:. Retrieved
3077:the original
3072:
3060:
3052:the original
3039:
3024:
3019:
3008:
2998:
2989:
2980:
2968:. Retrieved
2964:the original
2954:
2940:
2906:
2878:. Retrieved
2874:the original
2869:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:the original
2815:. Retrieved
2811:
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2779:
2771:the original
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2737:
2729:the original
2719:
2711:the original
2686:. Retrieved
2674:
2666:
2654:
2644:
2635:
2617:
2596:Soviet Union
2585:
2581:
2515:
2507:
2495:
2472:
2439:
2427:Gura Bâcului
2414:Russian Army
2411:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2358:part of the
2356:
2349:
2345:
2330:
2285:
2276:
2257:
2217:
2213:
2193:
2178:
2172:October 2016
2169:
2150:
2113:
2110:
2107:Coșnița area
2093:
2078:
2074:
2055:
2026:
2011:
1995:
1987:
1975:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1936:
1916:Igor Smirnov
1913:
1906:
1874:
1865:
1841:
1837:Gordian knot
1830:
1808:Transnistria
1797:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1769:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1571:Sfatul Țării
1491:Golden Horde
1451:Free Dacians
1394:
1370:Soviet Union
1363:
1329:Kerch Strait
1278:
1274:Transnistria
1273:
1183:Central Asia
1081:2022 clashes
985:
977:Nazi Germany
973:Soviet Union
971:between the
946:
917:
911:
909:
893:Transnistria
836:
834:
721:Don Cossacks
698:
678:
671:
657:
649:Armed Forces
640:
577:Armed Forces
502:
491:Tom Zenovich
441:Fedor Dobrov
335:Igor Smirnov
333:
201:
163:Transnistria
125:Belligerents
109:
103:
89:Transnistria
76:
40:Part of the
29:
6246:Vietnam War
6116: [
5975:World War I
5896:Crimean War
5829:Finnish War
5745:(1740–1748)
5734:(1733–1738)
5659:Ingrian War
5375:(including
4730:Before 1792
4655:belongs to
4258:Pro-Moldova
4024:Moldovenism
3696:Ian Bremmer
3558:5 September
3430:5 September
3351:5 September
3186:25 December
2990:www.hrw.org
2870:artofwar.ru
2787:. Zavtra.ru
2491:Igor Girkin
2271:introducing
2198:. However,
2164:introducing
1626:Moldovenism
1526:Phanariotes
1414:History of
1378:perestroika
1286:1993 Moscow
957:Bessarabian
947:Before the
804:volunteers
736: [
709:volunteers
463: [
460:Yuri Grosul
444: [
425: [
406: [
383: [
364: [
311: [
256: [
77:Main phase:
6525:Proxy wars
6454:Categories
6281:Ogaden War
6231:Korean War
6150:Winter War
6019:Heimosodat
5606:Tsardom of
5113:Second War
4923:(currency)
4855:Parliament
4799:Localities
4636:Cremenciug
4295:Maia Sandu
4290:Igor Dodon
4205:5+2 format
3998:Background
3293:30 October
2812:Ziua Veche
2573:References
2279:March 2014
2254:references
2147:references
2101:trench war
1889:Bessarabia
1516:Foundation
1294:Euromaidan
1256:Kazakhstan
1194:Uzbekistan
1189:Tajikistan
1171:Ingushetia
932:Background
903:, and pro-
877:Дубосса́ры
792:volunteers
695:(elements)
229:Ion Costaș
5901:Åland War
5869:Murid War
5708:18th–19th
5103:First War
4865:President
4782:Geography
4625:Merenești
4537:Doroțcaia
4114:Aftermath
3920:2345-1130
3700:Ray Taras
3202:"Moldova"
2880:21 August
2622:McFarland
1990:Ukrainian
1848:Gorbachev
1804:Ceaușescu
1789:Socialist
1456:Bastarnae
1435:Antiquity
1386:Moldovans
1314:(outline)
901:14th Army
888:Dubossary
882:romanized
858:romanized
802:Ukrainian
733:Kuban CMS
673:Militsiya
6434:Cold War
6296:Gulf War
5652:and the
5525:Internal
5381:Imperial
5079:Cold War
5037:Moldovan
4934:Airports
4845:Military
4813:Politics
4620:Chițcani
4580:Dubăsari
4525:Pohrebea
4397:See also
4093:Timeline
3925:18 April
3856:Archived
3721:Archived
3594:Archived
3506:Archived
3478:25 March
3386:6 August
3125:moldNova
2986:"RUSSIA"
2929:Archived
2817:19 March
2791:19 March
2751:19 March
2688:19 March
2652:(2018).
2521:See also
2498:UNA-UNSO
2458:Tiraspol
2454:Chișinău
2423:Dubăsari
2391:Chișinău
2089:Chișinău
2070:Dubăsari
2018:Dniester
2014:Dubăsari
2002:Tiraspol
1939:Tiraspol
1932:Tiraspol
1909:own army
1899:and the
1869:Dniester
1853:Abkhazia
1813:Gagauzia
1755:de facto
1747:Moldovan
1486:Brodnici
1481:Tivertsi
1405:a series
1403:Part of
1382:glasnost
1290:Ukraine
1166:Dagestan
1105:Abkhazia
1050:Caucasus
1000:Tiraspol
965:Dniester
959:part of
922:Romanian
905:Moldovan
869:Dubăsari
841:Romanian
815:UNA-UNSO
111:de facto
84:Location
44:and the
6374:Outline
6357:century
5958:century
5710:century
5393:Related
5377:Tsarist
5003:History
4965:Culture
4948:Society
4904:Economy
4722:History
4629:Zahorna
4558:Copanca
4553:Varnița
4520:Coșnița
4503:Corjova
4495:Cocieri
4376:Neutral
4317:Ukraine
4307:Romania
4265:Moldova
3862:16 June
3611:YouTube
3257:6 March
3083:21 July
2594:of the
2435:Coșnița
2419:Parcani
2384:Căușeni
2343:(JCC).
2267:improve
2160:improve
2066:Corjova
2062:Cocieri
1998:Rutskoy
1943:Rîbnița
1802:of the
1751:Russian
1416:Moldova
1339:prelude
1095:Georgia
998:, with
961:Moldova
897:Cossack
884::
873:Russian
860::
849:Russian
707:Russian
147:Moldova
93:Moldova
5684:Deluge
5608:Russia
5387:times)
5385:Soviet
5373:Russia
4985:Anthem
4921:Rubla
4603:Bender
4532:Pîrîta
4508:Mahala
4385:(OSCE)
4355:Russia
3918:
3818:
3717:Leader
3537:
3454:
3342:
3284:
3158:
3031:
2970:6 June
2628:
2431:Bâcioc
2375:Bender
2256:, but
2221:MiG-29
2149:, but
1928:Bender
1817:Gagauz
1785:Soviet
1753:, the
1407:on the
1324:Donbas
1120:Kodori
913:ad hoc
790:Gagauz
594:Police
176:Russia
173:
160:
144:
100:Result
6120:]
5077:Post–
4970:Media
4960:Crime
4615:Gîsca
4586:Roghi
3908:(PDF)
3670:(PDF)
3212:3 May
2847:5 May
2659:(PDF)
2352:Gîsca
2097:Roghi
2022:Lunga
2020:, at
1763:Latin
1447:Dacia
1209:Tulip
740:]
467:]
448:]
429:]
410:]
391:]
368:]
315:]
260:]
6355:21st
5956:20th
5383:and
5021:2015
5017:2004
4794:Flag
4007:and
3927:2021
3916:ISSN
3864:2014
3816:ISBN
3698:and
3560:2011
3535:ISBN
3480:2022
3452:ISBN
3432:2011
3388:2014
3353:2011
3340:ISBN
3295:2009
3282:ISBN
3259:2022
3251:OSCE
3214:2013
3188:2023
3156:ISBN
3085:2022
3029:ISBN
2972:2019
2882:2022
2849:2023
2819:2022
2793:2022
2753:2022
2690:2022
2626:ISBN
2489:and
2477:and
2456:and
2433:and
2225:OFAB
2205:T-64
1978:USSR
1941:and
1920:Kyiv
1859:and
1787:and
1380:and
1279:1992
1249:2022
1244:2021
1219:2020
1214:2010
1066:2016
975:and
835:The
70:Date
3609:on
2475:Don
2446:CIS
2360:JCC
1982:CIS
1800:end
1795:".
1144:2nd
1139:1st
1115:2nd
1110:1st
1071:2nd
1061:1st
778:RNU
6456::
6118:ru
5379:,
4627:•
3910:.
3814:,
3804:^
3789:^
3744:^
3694:,
3678:15
3672:.
3640:^
3630:.
3617:^
3603:;
3470:.
3450:,
3440:^
3361:^
3324:^
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2890:^
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389:ru
387:;
385:ro
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313:ro
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2851:.
2821:.
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2429:–
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