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the valley, eventually being lost in a series of smaller fault scarps at the north end of the valley. These smaller scarps generally run from the east side of the valley to the northwest. The south end of the valley is more complex. In that area, the valley floor is bounded on three sides by perpendicular cliffs from 1,500 to 2,000 feet (460 to 610 m) high, the result of numerous fault events. These cliffs expose hundreds of feet of
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821:. Congress allowed the construction company to claim three sections of land for every mile of road built. As a result, road surveyors laid out a route designed to pass through as much well-watered, desirable land as possible. The route of the military road came through the Warner Valley, crossing over the Warner Lakes at the Stone Bridge before passing south of Hart Mountain through what is today the
50:
802:. By 1869, the Indian raids in south-central Oregon had ended and a treaty had been signed. With no Indian raiders left in the area, Fort Warner was abandoned in 1874. While nothing remains of Fort Warner, the Stone Bridge the Army built to cross the Warner wetlands still exists. The bridge is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
368:
generally very light; however, winter temperatures can get very cold. The higher plateau country above the valley usually gets several feet of snow and the higher peaks can get much more. In most years, the high peaks have snow on them from early fall until mid-summer. This snowpack feeds the streams that drain into the valley.
753:, who led a party through the valley in December 1843. Fremont named it Christmas Valley since his party spent Christmas Day camped near Hart Lake. However, early mapmakers mistakenly sited Christmas Valley at another location 60 miles (97 km) northwest of the Warner Valley, leaving the valley unnamed on an early map.
828:
In reality, the Oregon
Central Military Wagon Road was a venture designed to acquire public lands at little or no cost to the road company’s investors. Nevertheless, the construction company was able to secure thousands of acres of valuable grazing land in the Warner Valley. Legal disputes kept the
264:
walls on the east and west. The main line of perpendicular displacement is along the foot of the cliffs to the east of the Warner Lakes. This scarp feature is known as Hart
Mountain. The main cliff face of Hart Mountain towers 3,600 feet (1,100 m) above the valley floor. It runs the length of
355:
country of south-central Oregon. However, the high escarpments forming the western wall of the South Warner Valley tend to protect the southern part of the valley from the prevailing westerly winds. The absence of a high rim along much of the North Warner Valley increases the harshness of the fall
788:
was sent to establish the fort. The soldiers arrived on the east side of the lakes in late summer. Unable to cross the chain of lakes and marshes, the soldiers built a winter camp on the east side of the lakes. The camp was sited poorly and the men had a very difficult winter. In
February 1867,
952:
are found in
Twentymile Creek, Deep Creek, and Honey Creek. There are no developed campgrounds in the valley; however, dispersed camping is allowed on land administered by the Bureau of Land Management. There are public restrooms, sheltered picnic tables, and hiking trails at the Bureau of Land
793:
visited the Warner Valley outpost. Crook directed that the camp be moved to the Honey Creek site west of the lakes. To get the Army’s wagons across the wetlands, Crook ordered the construction of a bridge across the narrow channel between Hart Lake and Crump Lake. Shortly after the bridge was
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is common until late spring and begins again in early fall. As a result, the growing season in the valley is limited to about 100 days. The Warner Valley gets most of its rain in May and June, while the summer and fall months tend to be very dry. The winter snowfall in the valley bottom is
216:
Both sides of the South Warner Valley have steep cliffs rising from 1,000 to 2,000 feet (300 to 610 m) above the valley floor. The eastern cliffs run the entire length of the valley, while the western wall turns into rolling hills at the north end of the valley. The Coyote Hills are the
783:
In 1865, the Army decided it needed a fort in the Warner Valley to facilitate the interdiction of Indian raiding parties passing through the area. Army scouts selected a site along Honey Creek on the west side of the Warner Lakes. In 1866, a detachment from
359:
Air movements brought about by the uneven temperatures in the valley and on the surrounding higher plateaus and mountains give rise to local winds. These winds are strongest at places where canyons, such as Deep Creek Canyon, open into the valley.
748:
trapping expedition in 1832. While it is not certain that he visited the valley, he was in the area and left a description of a "valley of lakes" that correspond closely to the Warner Valley. The next explorer to arrive in the valley was
Captain
400:. They range in elevation from approximately 4,500 feet (1,400 m) above sea level at the valley floor to over 8,000 feet (2,400 m) at the summit of Warner Peak. Marsh grasses are common along the lake shores. In the riparian areas,
228:
The valley floor is occupied by a chain of lakes known collectively as the Warner Lakes. The entire valley was once covered by a single vast lake; however, the water level gradually receded, leaving a chain of lakes at the low spots with
916:
can also be grown in the Warner Valley. Three crops of alfalfa per season can be raised over much of the South Warner Valley, while the less favorable climate in the North Warner Valley makes one or two crops the norm.
237:, Upper Campbell Lake, Lower Campbell Lake, Stone Corral Lake, Turpin Lake, and Bluejoint Lake. Because the valley slopes away to the north, Crump Lake is 12 feet (3.7 m) higher in elevation than Bluejoint Lake.
331:
225:, a massive cliff face that rises 3,600 feet (1,100 m) above the valley floor. Warner Peak is the highest point on Hart Mountain. The summit is 8,065 feet (2,458 m) above sea level.
852:
Settlement did not occur in the Warner Valley until the latter part of the 19th century. For example, the land occupied by Fort Warner was homesteaded by John H. Dent in 1889. The
217:
western boundary through the middle of the North Warner Valley, with the Rabbit Hills bounding the northwest corner of the valley. From the hills, the ground slopes up to the crest of
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flows. The mountain mass forming the western border of the South Warner Valley is a steep fault scarp. This cliff face rises over 2,000 feet (610 m) above the valley floor.
233:
between the lakes. Starting at the south end of the valley, the largest of the Warner Lakes are
Pelican Lake, Crump Lake, Hart Lake, Anderson Lake, Swamp Lake, Mugwump Lake,
494:
There are 239 species of birds that live in the area or migrate through the Warner Valley. Species that nest in the areas around Crump Lake and Hart Lake include
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dropped the valley floor and uplifted the land around it, forming high valley walls. The Warner Lakes formed in the valley bottom after the faulting stopped.
197:
The Warner Valley is located in south-central Oregon. It is approximately 60 miles (97 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide. Most of the valley is in
1030:, United States Reclamation Service, United States Department of Interior in cooperation with the State of Oregon, Washington D.C., February 1916, pp. 16–19.
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ownership of these lands in question for decades, preventing settlers from claiming land grants for farms and ranches. Ownership was finally decided by the
1374:"Unblushing Land Frauds; The President Sends Information to Congress How Big Chunks of the Public Domain Have Been Stolen by Wagon Road Companies in Oregon"
1406:
1179:, United States Reclamation Service, United States Department of Interior in cooperation with the State of Oregon, Washington D.C., February 1916, p. 20.
1125:, United States Reclamation Service, United States Department of Interior in cooperation with the State of Oregon, Washington D.C., February 1916, p. 21.
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173:. Today, livestock ranching is the main commercial activity in the valley. The Warner Valley offers a number of recreational opportunities including
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1231:, Lakeview Field Office, Lakeview District, Bureau of Land Management, United States Department of Interior, Lakeview, Oregon, July 2000, pp. 2.28–29.
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visited the valley while on a long-range reconnaissance patrol. Drew named the valley in honor of Warner, who he believed had been killed there.
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basin containing numerous lakes, remnants of a single great lake that covered the valley floor up to a depth of 200 feet (61 m) during the
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205:. The valley has two regions commonly referred to as the South Warner Valley and the North Warner Valley. The two areas transition between
1285:, National Register of Historic Places, United States Park Service, United States Department of Interior, Washington, D.C., 13 August 1974.
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are found in the marshes and along the lake shores. At the Warner
Wetlands Area of Critical Environmental Concern, administered by the
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were present in the Warner Valley for thousands of years before
European explorers arrived in the 19th century. It is the site of
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764:. On 26 September 1849, Warner was ambushed and killed by Indians just south of the Warner Valley. In 1864, Lieutenant Colonel
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1314:, Fremont National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lakeview, Oregon, 1981, p. 14.
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932:. However, some of these activities are dependent on the water level of the Warner Lakes, which can fluctuate dramatically.
99:
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1342:, Oregon State Office, Bureau of Land Management, United States Department of Interior, Portland, Oregon, 17 September 2009.
924:. These public lands offer numerous recreational opportunities including hunting, fishing, bird watching, wildlife viewing,
725:
Native
Americans used the Warner Valley for thousands of years before the first Europeans arrived. The valley has scores of
1144:(PDF), Lakeview District, Bureau of Land Management, United States Department of Interior, Lakeview, Oregon, 26 August 2005.
884:. Crops are generally used for winter feed. Because of the short growing season, the valley’s principal crops are wild
1452:, Lakeview District, Bureau of Land Management, United States Department of Interior, Portland, Oregon, 12 October 2009.
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in 1867. The fort was used as a supply depot and administrative headquarters during a protracted Army campaign against
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are found. Beyond the wetlands, the valley becomes quite dry. Much of the North Warner Valley is semi-desert, where
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is the primary source of income in the Warner Valley. Most of the private land in the valley is used for cattle
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1361:, Oregon State Archives, Office of the Secretary of State, State of Oregon, Salem, Oregon, 17 September 2009.
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Summary of the
Analysis of the Management Situation for the Lakeview Resource Area – Resource Management Plan
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The same view during low water in June 2015. Upper Campbell Lake is to the left, Campbell Lake to the right.
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451:. There are forty-two mammal species that live in the Warner Valley-Hart Mountain area. These include
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1157:(PDF), Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 2008.
1155:"Geologic Mapping and Petrochemical Stratigraphy of Southern Warner Valley, Southern Oregon, USA"
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are common in the summer months. In the sage steppes and grasslands, summer residents include
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it into lots and parcels. The property was sold in a nationally advertised auction held in
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in the United States. It is a remote valley at the northwestern corner of North America's
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post office was opened on 18 July 1888. Its first postmaster was David R. Jones. The
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was completed that summer and the soldiers moved into the new camp, which was named
1043:(Seventh Edition), Oregon Historical Society Press, Portland, Oregon, 2003, p. 449.
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201:; however, the north end of the valley extends about 10 miles (16 km) into
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1392:, United States Supreme Court decision, Washington, D.C., decided 6 March 1893.
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at a point where the valley narrows to about 5 miles (8.0 km) in width.
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There are no incorporated cities in Warner Valley. The nearest city is
253:. The Warner Valley was probably a similar high plateau before massive
1390:"United States v. California & Oregon Land Co., 148 U.S. 31 (1893)"
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begun a second detachment was sent ahead to build the new fort. The
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The country to the north and east of the Warner Valley is a high
1283:
National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form
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United States Geological Survey topographic map, ACME mapper,
1197:"Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge and the Warner Valley"
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1199:, Morris Book Publishing, Kearney, Nebraska, 2007, pp. 20–22.
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The first European explorer to enter the valley was probably
953:
Management's Warner Wetlands Interpretive Site at Hart Bar.
1281:"Stone Bridge and the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road",
1039:
McArthur, Lewis A. and Lewis L. McArthur, "Hart Mountain",
835:
United States versus the California and Oregon Land Company
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is an unincorporated community in the North Warner Valley.
976:
is an unincorporated community in the South Warner Valley.
1324:"Stone Bridge and the Oregon Central Military Wagon Road"
323:
View of the Warner Valley looking west from Hart Mountain
1142:"Warner Wetlands Area of Critical Environmental Concern"
920:
Much of the valley is public land administered by the
837:. Eventually, the land passed into the hands of the
384:
The Warner Valley provides a number of unique animal
1413:, Oregon Historical Society, Portland, Oregon, 2005.
356:and winter seasons at the north end of the valley.
351:The climate in the Warner Valley is typical of the
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439:The valley’s wildlife includes common high desert
303:epoch. Today, steep cliffs rise above a chain of
733:, in the South Warner Valley, is listed on the
1091:, Canton Press, Caldwell, Idaho: 1964, p. 361.
729:, some estimated to be 12,000 years old. The
145:. The valley is home to a chain of lakes and
42:Hart Mountain overlooking the Warner Wetlands
8:
1211:, Welcome to Lake County, Oregon’s Outback,
756:In 1849, the valley was explored by Captain
1328:www.nationalregisterofhistoricalplaces.com
1265:www.nationalregisterofhistoricalplaces.com
280:, which include Steens basalt and various
27:
1308:"Camp Warner Moved to Honey Creek – 1867"
221:. The eastern boundary of the valley is
1326:, National Register of Historic Places,
1263:, National Register of Historic Places,
1355:"Oregon History: Uncle Sam's Handiwork"
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1312:History of the Fremont National Forest
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1177:Warner Valley and White River Projects
1123:Warner Valley and White River Projects
1028:Warner Valley and White River Projects
823:Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge
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1171:Whistler, John T. and John H. Lewis,
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1117:Whistler, John T. and John H. Lewis,
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554:, there are observation blinds where
260:The Warner Valley is bounded by high
169:bands in eastern Oregon and northern
19:For the community in California, see
7:
1380:, New York, New York, 21 March 1888.
1215:, Lakeview, Oregon, 12 October 2009.
735:National Register of Historic Places
809:authorized the construction of the
641:. In the rimrock areas, there are
872:Hay stacks in fields south of Adel
811:Oregon Central Military Wagon Road
779:Oregon Central Military Wagon Road
14:
1024:"Location and General Conditions"
380:Warner Wetlands Interpretive Site
249:which has undergone considerable
1547:Landforms of Lake County, Oregon
860:post office was opened in 1896.
589:In the valley’s riparian areas,
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36:
1073:, Bend, Oregon, 16 August 2009.
396:, sage steppe, dry forest, and
1340:"Oregon Central Military Road"
944:are common in the lakes while
388:. These include lake, marsh,
16:Valley in south-central Oregon
1:
137:is a valley in south-central
1085:Jackman, E.R. and R.A. Long,
995:, former resident and author
697:. The larger birds include
526:, and numerous varieties of
1486:Oregon Public Broadcasting
831:United States Supreme Court
479:. Smaller mammals include
1568:
1411:The Oregon History Project
839:Oregon Valley Land Company
524:black-crowned night herons
18:
1407:"Lake County Court House"
1403:Oregon Historical Society
1261:"Greaser Petroglyph Site"
1065:Gottberg, John Anderson,
950:Great Basin redband trout
922:Bureau of Land Management
661:. The valley also hosts
552:Bureau of Land Management
500:double-crested cormorants
47:
35:
21:Warner Valley, California
1513:42.077667°N 119.924946°W
1243:, Waymarking (posted by
1241:"Greaser Petroglyph, OR"
1105:McArthur, pp. 1010–1011.
691:white-headed woodpeckers
143:Basin and Range Province
1041:Oregon Geographic Names
833:in a case known as the
731:Greaser Petroglyph Site
683:MacGillivray's warblers
635:black-throated sparrows
599:orange-crowned warblers
496:American white pelicans
1518:42.077667; -119.924946
1153:Dooley, Michelle May,
873:
807:United States Congress
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762:topographical engineer
679:yellow-rumped warblers
671:black-headed grosbeaks
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363:In the Warner Valley,
1542:Agriculture in Oregon
1247:), Groundspeak Inc.,
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379:
1330:, 24 September 2009.
1225:"Cultural Resources"
1067:"Pronghorn Paradise"
746:Hudson's Bay Company
675:green-tailed towhees
295:Warner Valley is an
1509: /
817:, to Fort Boise in
663:mountain chickadees
639:greater sage grouse
586:are commonly seen.
576:western meadowlarks
572:Brewer's blackbirds
560:black-necked stilts
508:Wilson's phalaropes
115:42.0777°N 119.925°W
111: /
1267:, 19 January 2009.
1251:, 16 October 2007.
1249:www.waymarking.com
1213:OregonsOutback.com
900:. Grains such as
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825:and heading east.
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770:1st Oregon Cavalry
687:mountain bluebirds
631:sagebrush sparrows
544:great white egrets
520:northern shovelers
443:species, resident
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163:United States Army
1552:Regions of Oregon
1537:Valleys of Oregon
1450:"Warner Wetlands"
1431:McArthur, p. 791.
1422:McArthur, p. 279.
1401:Richard Engeman,
1297:McArthur, p. 916.
1209:"Warner Wetlands"
1195:Rakestraw, John,
1088:The Oregon Desert
993:William Kittredge
758:William H. Warner
699:great horned owls
615:Brewer's sparrows
591:dusky flycatchers
556:American bitterns
432:are the dominant
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607:spotted towhees
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124:
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1071:The Bulletin
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799:
796:Stone Bridge
791:George Crook
782:
755:
739:
724:
651:canyon wrens
611:horned larks
588:
568:tundra swans
512:Canada geese
493:
438:
406:choke cherry
383:
362:
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196:
151:Warner Lakes
134:
132:
25:
1516: /
1504:119°55′30″W
967:county seat
957:Communities
878:agriculture
800:Fort Warner
727:petroglyphs
715:bald eagles
603:house wrens
481:jackrabbits
353:high desert
301:Pleistocene
278:ignimbrites
199:Lake County
159:Fort Warner
118: /
106:119°55′30″W
93:Coordinates
66:Lake County
1531:Categories
1501:42°04′40″N
1245:Volcanoguy
1000:References
948:including
843:subdivided
786:Fort Boise
766:C. S. Drew
760:, an Army
647:rock wrens
584:nighthawks
434:vegetation
426:greasewood
414:cottonwood
402:wild roses
394:grasslands
274:lava flows
262:escarpment
207:Crump Lake
171:California
103:42°04′40″N
76:Borders on
1173:"Climate"
1119:"Geology"
849:in 1909.
742:John Work
489:chipmunks
465:mule deer
453:pronghorn
449:waterfowl
410:wild plum
305:endorheic
271:Oligocene
231:marshland
219:Abert Rim
211:Hart Lake
193:Geography
189:viewing.
57:Geography
987:See also
963:Lakeview
882:ranching
841:, which
789:General
580:swallows
516:gadwalls
390:riparian
386:habitats
297:alluvial
282:andesite
255:faulting
187:wildlife
147:wetlands
62:Location
1310:(PDF),
1227:(PDF),
934:Crappie
930:camping
926:boating
890:alfalfa
876:Today,
768:of the
721:History
643:chukars
504:willets
477:coyotes
398:rimrock
372:Ecology
347:Climate
307:lakes.
267:Miocene
251:erosion
241:Geology
179:fishing
175:hunting
127:
965:, the
940:, and
928:, and
914:barley
912:, and
896:, and
894:clover
713:, and
693:, and
657:, and
637:, and
605:, and
582:, and
546:, and
487:, and
475:, and
473:bobcat
469:cougar
441:mammal
428:, and
418:willow
416:, and
288:, and
185:, and
139:Oregon
87:(west)
82:(east)
70:Oregon
1490:video
980:Plush
946:trout
902:wheat
819:Idaho
813:from
532:terns
528:ducks
445:birds
365:frost
974:Adel
906:oats
858:Adel
530:and
290:tuff
276:and
269:and
209:and
133:The
910:rye
886:hay
461:elk
1533::
1457:^
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68:,
23:.
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