88:
5317:
4754:
3894:
2526:
3489:
6981:
3198:
6611:
5147:
3161:
2586:
7333:
3740:
5374:
2300:
4068:
7323:
2936:
2561:
4339:
3146:
6195:
6086:
2769:
4408:
5402:
6428:
3420:
34:
4516:
775:
3333:
3156:
4511:
4063:
3735:
3328:
3141:
4628:
3590:
2573:
940:
hypothesising that this was the king Midas of
Phrygia, who had set up a monument in the city of his friend and ally, Warpalawas II. However, the long-time staunch pro-Assyrian orientation of Warpalawas II makes this hypothesis unlikely, and there is no evidence that Warpalawas II was ever an ally of
825:
claimed that
Warpalawas II supported him during his war against a coalition of eight kings led by the king of Phrygia that was trying to encroach on the Tabalian region, although the veracity of Wasusarmas's claim regarding the participation of Warpalawas in this war as his ally is still uncertain.
834:
Tuwana however to have come under direct Neo-Assyrian rule during the later years of
Warpalawas II's reign, especially following the annexation of the kingdom of Tabal, then reorganised as the kingdom of Bīt-Burutaš, and the deportation of its rebellious vassal king Ambaris in 713 BC, after which
720:
Both
Warpalawas II and Muwaḫḫaranis I may have been part of a dynasty which had ruled Tuwana for much of the 8th century BC, with another king of the same name, Warpalawas I, having been possibly ruled Tuwana in the earlier 8th century BC, and who might have been an ancestor of Muwaḫḫaranis I and
853:
The reason for these changes was due to the fact that, although
Warpalawas II and Awarikus had been loyal Neo-Assyrian vassals, Sargon II considered them as being too elderly to be able to efficiently uphold Neo-Assyrian authority in southeastern Anatolia, where the situation had become volatile
873:
The attack by Atuna and Ištuanda caused Assur to worry that
Warpallawas II might end up renouncing Neo-Assyrian overlordship, but Sargon II reassured him that Midas had made peace with him, which would leave the Tabalian kings incapable of relying against Phrygian power against the Neo-Assyrian
5316:
87:
861:
This reorganisation also increased
Warpalawas II's authority in Tabal/Bīt-Burutaš so that Warpalawas II was ruling at least part of this kingdom's territory, as attested by Aššur-šarru-uṣur's report that two other Tabalian kingdoms,
917:
This suggests that
Warpalawas was one of the last still independent kings of the Tabal region who was being increasingly pressured by Phrygia and Assyria because of the location of his kingdom between these two powers.
771:, with both of the images being influenced by Neo-Assyrian artistic features; likewise, the Bor stele of Warpalawas II also depicted him in Assyrianising style, reflecting his close ties with the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
2007:
2402:
929:, possibly dated from Warpalawas II's reign, as well as the robe decorated with Phrygian geometric designs depicted as worn by Warpalawas II in his Ivriz monument, suggest that aspects of
2204:
Anatolian
Interfaces: Hittites, Greeks, and their Neighbors: Proceedings of an International Conference on Cross-cultural Interaction, September 17-19, 2004, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
1710:
Aro, Sanna (2023). "Vanishing kingdoms: Tabal and Tuwana during the seventh century BC". In
Draycott, Catherine M.; Branting, Scott; Lehner, Joseph W.; Özarslan, Yasemin (eds.).
3893:
846:
Thus Tuwana and other nearby Anatolian kingdoms were placed the authority of Aššur-šarru-uṣur. Following the appointment of Aššur-šarru-uṣur, Warpalawas II of Tuwana and
877:
Warpalawas II seems to have continued his pro-Assyrian policy throughout his reign, thanks to which he was able to rule in Tuwana for a very long period until at least
6610:
1893:
Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1: Inscriptions of the Iron Age. Part 1: Text, Introduction, Karatepe, Karkamis, Tell Ahmar, Maras, Malatya, Commagene
1855:"Forgetting an Empire, Creating a New Order: Trajectories of Rock-cut Monuments from Hittite into Post-Hittite Anatolia, and the Afterlife of the "Throne" of Kızıldağ"
801:
Tarḫunazzas himself recorded in his inscription that, in exchange for his services, Warpalawas II had rewarded him with Mount Mudi, which was a rocky outcrop of the
2525:
2395:
6980:
2585:
7336:
1677:
763:
Warpalawas II's pro-Assyrian orientation is visible in how his monuments used an Assyrianising style of sculpture: the best known of these monuments is a
3488:
2388:
3197:
2105:
4753:
2239:
Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern history and archaeology presented to Mirjo Salvini on the occasion of his 80th birthday
1322:
1318:
1296:
1292:
1270:
1266:
1100:
1096:
1071:
1067:
7490:
7443:
7413:
2258:
2223:
2188:
2153:
2040:
1972:
1946:
1904:
1878:
1830:
1801:
1765:
1731:
5737:
3232:
3084:
2941:
948:, is that Midas might have attempted to fill the power vacuum left in Tabal that followed the death of Sargon II in battle in Tabal in
6407:
4086:
1746:
The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire
7537:
5373:
7542:
6401:
1665:
6474:
6021:
5945:
2198:
Yakubovich, Ilya (2008). "Luwian Migrations in Light of Linguistic Contacts". In Collins, Billie Jean; Bachvarova, Mary R.;
794:
The kingdom of Tuwana was powerful enough to have included a sub-kingdom, located at the site corresponding to present-day
7326:
7306:
6588:
6495:
6480:
6318:
6188:
5989:
5688:
2757:
2129:
850:
of Ḫiyawa became largely symbolic rulers although they might have still held the power to manage their kingdoms locally.
7127:
6936:
6912:
6312:
5292:
5146:
1994:
1817:
271:
7532:
6549:
5588:
5387:
4934:
4928:
3175:
2531:
1826:
1723:
1681:
3160:
914:
of Phrygia, with Aššur-šarru-uṣur being doubtful whether Warpalawas II was indeed loyal to the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
7176:
7032:
6795:
6486:
6296:
5642:
5304:
5272:
5266:
3739:
3473:
2935:
1919:
Inscriptions of the Iron Age, Part 2: Text: Amuq, Aleppo, Hama, Tabal, Assur Letters, Miscellaneous, Seals, Indices
7313:
6921:
6807:
6789:
6639:
6301:
6165:
5866:
5681:
4578:
47:
7332:
7299:
6944:
6941:
6864:
6834:
6777:
6763:
6169:
5153:
4891:
4308:
4092:
937:
51:
1712:
From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories: Papers on Iron Age Anatolia in Honour of Geoffrey and Françoise Summers
767:, on which Warpalawas II, himself represented in Assyrian style, is depicted praying to the Luwian Storm-god
6959:
6887:
6861:
6837:
6831:
6816:
6728:
6664:
6629:
6573:
6522:
6095:
4572:
4353:
4098:
3406:
2864:
2180:
1793:
2768:
7122:
7112:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6852:
6843:
6786:
6766:
6760:
6754:
6751:
6742:
6670:
6667:
6658:
6558:
6537:
6151:
5925:
5857:
5767:
5511:
5505:
4986:
4441:
4300:
3865:
3849:
3646:
3186:
3145:
3120:
2763:
2536:
795:
7366:
7288:
7165:
6825:
6801:
6757:
6745:
6739:
6736:
6691:
6685:
6661:
6626:
6582:
6570:
6567:
6564:
6552:
6546:
6534:
6528:
6347:
6257:
6254:
6245:
6194:
5808:
3885:
2052:"The onager kings of Anatolia: Hartapus, Gordis, Muška and the steppe strand in early Phrygian culture"
910:
by Aššur-šarru-uṣur that Warpalawas II had demanded an audience with him in the company of an envoy of
3978:
3854:
2128:
Weeden, Mark (2017). "Tabal and the Limits of Assyrian Imperialism". In Heffron, Yağmur; Stone, Adam;
1813:"War in Anatolia in the post-Hittite period: the Anatolian Hieroglyphic inscription of TOPADA revised"
6733:
6682:
6591:
6585:
6555:
6157:
6110:
6098:
5922:
5863:
5487:
5381:
5204:
4731:
3879:
3400:
2817:
2137:
4271:
7238:
7093:
6798:
6748:
6673:
6623:
6576:
6561:
6540:
6239:
6225:
6113:
6046:
5869:
5760:
5702:
5466:
5139:
4979:
4698:
4503:
4320:
4133:
3709:
3449:
2660:
1779:
1059:
749:
745:
295:
4067:
2299:
7464:
7278:
7155:
6716:
6655:
6649:
6177:
6141:
6054:
6035:
5931:
5928:
5881:
5847:
5844:
5799:
5490:
5475:
5460:
5136:
5133:
5124:
4883:
4649:
4370:
4281:
4058:
3970:
3786:
3685:
3627:
3623:
3059:
2912:
2829:
2632:
2056:
729:
Warpalawas II appears to have succeeded his father Muwaḫḫaranis I on the throne of Tuwana around
7322:
5934:
4866:
3927:
3923:
3631:
2560:
1961:
Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1: Inscriptions of the Iron Age. Part 3: Plates
944:
An alternative hypothesis regarding Phrygian influence in Tuwana, proposed by the Hittitologist
798:, and ruled by a king named Tarḫunazzas who identified himself as a "servant" of Warpalawas II.
4374:
4181:
3752:
3715:
3681:
3256:
3252:
1284:
7486:
7439:
7433:
7409:
6702:
6676:
6652:
6634:
6434:
6355:
6263:
6132:
6104:
5919:
5887:
5878:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5802:
5790:
5705:
5626:
5478:
5472:
5439:
5433:
5004:
4877:
4741:
4563:
4289:
3888:
3882:
3690:
3658:
3539:
3383:
3248:
3244:
3203:
2412:
2254:
2219:
2184:
2149:
2036:
1968:
1942:
1900:
1874:
1797:
1761:
1727:
922:
638:
211:
179:
7482:
Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History
7403:
4267:
4263:
4177:
3974:
2731:
1982:
1956:
1914:
1888:
1088:
843:
and the Tabalian region, including on Bīt-Burutaš, as well as general oversight over Tuwana.
7480:
7362:
7274:
7220:
7151:
7138:
7117:
7082:
6931:
6719:
6688:
6543:
6519:
6287:
6284:
6278:
6233:
6126:
6107:
6101:
6057:
6040:
5884:
5875:
5872:
5796:
5793:
5631:
5516:
5103:
4378:
4193:
4127:
4115:
3808:
3635:
3355:
2645:
2109:
2073:
1870:
1834:
1689:
802:
412:
41:
4338:
1990:
1986:
936:
The presence of the name "Midas" on one of these inscriptions has led to the archaeologist
7283:
7269:
7244:
7197:
7160:
7146:
6970:
6819:
6772:
6679:
6644:
6516:
6511:
6439:
6413:
6269:
6144:
6138:
6123:
6116:
6085:
6070:
6060:
5893:
5838:
5832:
5829:
5775:
5723:
5559:
5493:
5481:
5469:
5457:
5442:
5421:
5340:
5244:
5241:
5215:
5130:
5109:
5097:
5064:
5058:
5028:
4950:
4760:
4112:
4021:
4015:
4005:
3781:
3535:
3515:
2895:
2873:
2640:
1775:
1741:
1258:
809:
likely identical with the Mount Mulî mentioned in the records of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
760:, and he appears to have maintained a policy of cooperating with the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
604:
334:
259:
189:
4870:
3795:
1310:
778:
764:
92:
Warpalawas II, king of Tuwana, prays in front of divine symbols. Detail of a stele from
7527:
7181:
6725:
6618:
6507:
6460:
6421:
6364:
6266:
6202:
6120:
6079:
6073:
6063:
6051:
5835:
5823:
5811:
5731:
5620:
5574:
5484:
5454:
5418:
5282:
5127:
5106:
5100:
5091:
5043:
5013:
4995:
4970:
4958:
4727:
4598:
4449:
4311:
4305:
4208:
4200:
4136:
4109:
4073:
3906:
3673:
3670:
3571:
2979:
2744:
2650:
2627:
2519:
2246:
2211:
1789:
1753:
1719:
806:
504:
303:
4407:
2163:
Weeden, Mark (2023). "The Iron Age States of Central Anatolia and Northern Syria". In
1859:
Afterlives of Ancient Rock-cut Monuments in the Near East: Carvings in and out of Time
7521:
7476:
7399:
7256:
7188:
7068:
6713:
6710:
6463:
6457:
6417:
6373:
6281:
6242:
6076:
6015:
5916:
5913:
5841:
5826:
5787:
5784:
5727:
5666:
5548:
5254:
5247:
5224:
5118:
5112:
5076:
4998:
4954:
4911:
4703:
4601:
4595:
4553:
4452:
4255:
4217:
3990:
3876:
3790:
3600:
3551:
3306:
3290:
2983:
2909:
2870:
2844:
2838:
2799:
2740:
2711:
2436:
2199:
2176:
2172:
2141:
2028:
2024:
2002:
1934:
1930:
1685:
863:
822:
757:
753:
93:
4329:
7429:
7226:
7104:
7038:
6956:
6947:
6878:
6804:
6707:
6451:
6352:
6275:
6129:
5965:
5890:
5850:
5781:
5778:
5772:
5711:
5663:
5651:
5565:
5542:
5535:
5451:
5445:
5415:
5401:
5227:
5199:
5181:
5172:
5121:
4914:
4908:
4902:
4807:
4777:
4583:
4495:
4392:
4277:
4106:
3831:
3766:
3756:
3667:
3618:
3503:
3483:
3479:
3264:
3128:
2988:
2968:
2921:
2880:
2667:
2622:
2471:
2456:
2250:
2164:
945:
2380:
840:
782:
768:
508:
1998:
7241:
7232:
7087:
7041:
7026:
7017:
7011:
6953:
6855:
6813:
6783:
6780:
6722:
6579:
6531:
6442:
6361:
6358:
6341:
6251:
6066:
6009:
6006:
6003:
5978:
5968:
5956:
5805:
5746:
5699:
5675:
5669:
5660:
5654:
5599:
5562:
5545:
5529:
5463:
5448:
5436:
5424:
5395:
5362:
5359:
5221:
5196:
5193:
5187:
5094:
5055:
5052:
5040:
5025:
5022:
5010:
4917:
4905:
4896:
4845:
4839:
4789:
4786:
4774:
4771:
4707:
4684:
4667:
4653:
4644:
4414:
4343:
4333:
4185:
4170:
4164:
4148:
4145:
4048:
4027:
3937:
3900:
3823:
3664:
3454:
3379:
3374:
3367:
3337:
3323:
3286:
3136:
3045:
2960:
2930:
2916:
2685:
2671:
2616:
2551:
2481:
2451:
2305:
2215:
2145:
2134:
At the Dawn of History: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honour of J. N. Postgate
1866:
867:
836:
7250:
7247:
7229:
7206:
7191:
7185:
7065:
7062:
7020:
7008:
7002:
6987:
6858:
6849:
6846:
6840:
6822:
6792:
6600:
6525:
6466:
6427:
6332:
6272:
6135:
6029:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5982:
5974:
5962:
5950:
5696:
5672:
5657:
5593:
5555:
5532:
5526:
5430:
5169:
5001:
4899:
4858:
4848:
4842:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4792:
4780:
4768:
4765:
4735:
4681:
4678:
4491:
4470:
4446:
4422:
4251:
4142:
4139:
4130:
4121:
4040:
3931:
3817:
3772:
3760:
3604:
3442:
3438:
3387:
3208:
3116:
3042:
3038:
2782:
2655:
2605:
2599:
2295:
2113:
2069:
2032:
1964:
1938:
1896:
1694:
818:
7384:
2077:
7259:
7202:
7059:
7029:
7023:
7014:
6999:
6993:
6975:
6950:
6828:
6810:
6597:
6594:
6454:
6381:
6367:
6338:
6326:
6248:
6219:
5959:
5953:
5718:
5648:
5605:
5602:
5551:
5334:
5251:
5237:
5234:
5190:
5184:
5166:
5088:
5079:
5049:
5046:
5037:
5019:
5016:
4854:
4851:
4715:
4711:
4687:
4635:
4622:
4592:
4487:
4483:
4361:
4221:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3918:
3835:
3812:
3776:
3661:
3584:
3507:
3466:
3419:
3363:
3347:
3319:
3282:
3151:
3109:
2926:
2805:
2691:
1757:
930:
781:, depicting Warpalawas II (smaller, on the right) worshipping the Storm-god
4515:
3499:
717:
Warpalawas II was the son of the previous king of Tuwana, Muwaḫḫaranis I.
7209:
7035:
6996:
6990:
6867:
6448:
6445:
6390:
6387:
6329:
6260:
6210:
6173:
6026:
5568:
5427:
5409:
5392:
5330:
5257:
5231:
5178:
5160:
5070:
4945:
4836:
4827:
4815:
4783:
4747:
4723:
4673:
4641:
4617:
4589:
4559:
4547:
4540:
4526:
4520:
4455:
4365:
4347:
4259:
4237:
4233:
4118:
4044:
3873:
3827:
3804:
3799:
3730:
3725:
3694:
3511:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3302:
3223:
3068:
2900:
2890:
2885:
2876:
2812:
2795:
2566:
2513:
847:
17:
4510:
4062:
3734:
3332:
3327:
3155:
3140:
2277:
774:
7262:
7090:
7071:
7056:
7050:
7044:
6378:
6323:
6216:
6213:
6161:
6012:
5754:
5693:
5614:
5608:
5349:
5343:
5115:
5085:
4940:
4830:
4795:
4586:
4529:
4430:
4399:
4103:
3652:
3595:
3524:
3411:
3276:
3211:
3018:
3015:
3000:
2996:
2808:
2802:
2786:
2664:
2020:
1926:
1781:
The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History
893:
855:
291:
238:
4627:
3589:
748:
under the name of Urpallâ as one of five kings who offered tribute to
7053:
7047:
7005:
6916:
6384:
6335:
5708:
5611:
5596:
5580:
5325:
5310:
5175:
5082:
5073:
5007:
4964:
4833:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4719:
4691:
4632:
4523:
4418:
4245:
4124:
4036:
4024:
3655:
3612:
3577:
3558:
3530:
3427:
3359:
3297:
3240:
3192:
3101:
3072:
3028:
3025:
2975:
2905:
2823:
2776:
2726:
2701:
2696:
2675:
2492:
2466:
2441:
2352:
2242:
2207:
2016:
1922:
1862:
1785:
1749:
1715:
926:
835:
Sargon II appointed one Aššur-šarru-uṣur as governor of Que based in
299:
106:
2572:
2237:. In Avetisyan, Pavel S.; Dan, Roberto; Grekyan, Yervand H. (eds.).
2234:
2093:
2051:
1854:
1812:
884:, at which date he was mentioned in the letter of Aššur-šarru-uṣur.
687:
670:
227:
1838:
685:
668:
225:
7438:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables).
7253:
7235:
5750:
5356:
5337:
4403:
4314:
4285:
4212:
3944:
3608:
3495:
3414:
3342:
3219:
3215:
3097:
3035:
3031:
2992:
2779:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2679:
2461:
911:
773:
667:
Warpallawas II is referred to in Neo-Assyrian Akkadian sources as
642:
608:
528:
498:
492:
467:
461:
455:
449:
365:
359:
353:
347:
285:
201:
6207:
5971:
5898:
5742:
5498:
4609:
4464:
4386:
4227:
4155:
3984:
3870:
3701:
3676:
3564:
3545:
3314:
3272:
3227:
3167:
3105:
3052:
3021:
2950:
2850:
2792:
2789:
2736:
2580:
2542:
2502:
2486:
2476:
2446:
102:
5910:
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")
2384:
1861:. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 123.
870:, had seized certain cities of Bīt-Burutaš from Warpalawas II.
4204:
2008:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie
566:
6979:
6609:
6426:
6193:
6084:
5400:
5372:
5315:
5145:
4752:
4406:
2767:
2171:. The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 4.
3841:
2497:
2057:
Kadmos. Zeitschrift für vor- und frühgriechische Epigraphik
1921:. Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1.
1039:
1037:
1035:
702:
694:
677:
460:
could also be used as a title meaning "warrior," while the
216:
2094:"Tuwati and Wasusarma: Imitating the Behaviour of Assyria"
896:
to the north-west of Tuwana, as attested by a report from
1432:
1430:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1202:
1200:
1022:
1020:
1007:
1005:
963:
Warpalawas II was succeeded by his son, Muwaḫḫaranis II.
371:
338:
194:
7373:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.
306:
who reigned during the late 8th century BC, from around
96:. 8th century BC. Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul
1634:
1594:
1592:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1346:
1344:
1241:
1239:
7352:
Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.
1139:
1137:
1135:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
648:
572:
4873:
Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
854:
because of encroachment by the then growing power of
416:
3941:
Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter
626:
614:
491:
The linguist Rostyslav Oreshko meanwhile interprets
255:
247:
237:
210:
188:
178:
165:
152:
148:
140:
132:
112:
101:
61:
3744:(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
892:Warpalawas II also carried out relations with the
744:Warpalawas II was mentioned in the records of the
2062:Kadmos: Journal of Pre- and Early Greek Epigraphy
352:and was derived by adding the adjectival suffix
1853:D'Alfonso, Lorenzo; Pedrinazzi, Matteo (2021).
1083:
1081:
1054:
1052:
1857:. In Ben-Dov, Jonathan; Rojas, Felipe (eds.).
654:
565:, being thus semantically similar to the name
2396:
2013:Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies
1535:
1523:
752:in 738 and 737 BC, along with Tuwattīs II of
422:
8:
7387:. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.
4865:: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk
3458:"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
2167:; Moeller, Nadine; Potts, Daniel T. (eds.).
1666:"The longest Pisidian inscription (Kesme 2)"
632:
620:
6614:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
1678:Russian State University for the Humanities
580:
550:
534:
512:
473:
448:According to the linguist Ilya Yakubovich,
430:
396:
380:
2403:
2389:
2381:
2311:
1263:Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities
1230:
1218:
1191:
1155:
1043:
58:
7314:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
3910:"King of the four quarters of the world"
1693:
7485:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5.
2426:
2422:
1179:
1167:
1026:
1011:
933:were arriving into Tuwana at this time.
27:King of Tuwana, reigned c.740 – c.705 BC
7345:
7330:
2106:British Institute for the Study of Iraq
1421:
1206:
972:
52:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
7459:
7457:
7455:
7195:
6425:
6223:
4003:
3994:(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
3898:
2822:
1622:
1460:
1436:
1398:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1335:
1323:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1319:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1315:Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire
1297:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1293:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1271:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1267:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1245:
1101:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1097:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
1072:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1068:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
7320:
7287:
7282:
7273:
7225:
7164:
7159:
7150:
7145:
7136:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7102:
6968:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6920:
6911:
6901:
6896:
6885:
6876:
6770:
6505:
6412:
6310:
6300:
6186:
6034:
5943:
5765:
5758:
5716:
5640:
5618:
5586:
5572:
5541:
5525:
5399:
5371:
5347:
5302:
5263:
5208:
5144:
4977:
4962:
4939:
4926:
4889:
4739:
4696:
4570:
4546:
4538:
4501:
4439:
4428:
4398:
4382:
4351:
4318:
4298:
4276:
4243:
4152:
4084:
4072:
4031:
3943:
3935:
3863:
3644:
3398:
3391:
3353:
3280:
3262:
3231:
3184:
3150:
3135:
3127:
3114:
3095:
3083:
3066:
3050:
3013:
2966:
2940:
2862:
2827:
2755:
2579:
2548:
2541:
2530:
2511:
1831:American Schools of Oriental Research
1646:
1610:
1598:
1583:
1571:
1559:
1547:
1511:
1499:
1472:
1386:
1143:
1126:
996:
740:Submission to the Neo-Assyrian Empire
466:denoted status, thus giving the name
7:
1448:
7408:. Getty Publications. p. 14.
7327:Chronology of the Neolithic period
6408:First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
1680:; Institute of Linguistics of the
25:
6984:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
5320:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos
3131:("made the land of Elam submit")
54: instead of cuneiform script.
7405:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins
7331:
7321:
4626:
4514:
4509:
4337:
4066:
4061:
3892:
3738:
3733:
3588:
3487:
3418:
3331:
3326:
3196:
3159:
3154:
3144:
3139:
2934:
2584:
2571:
2559:
2524:
2298:
1670:Journal of Language Relationship
1289:State Archives of Assyria Online
1093:State Archives of Assyria Online
1064:State Archives of Assyria Online
86:
32:
6402:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
2251:Archaeopress Publishing Limited
1635:D'Alfonso & Pedrinazzi 2021
704:
696:
679:
574:
527:, therefore giving to the name
424:
218:
7337:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
6475:Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
6022:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
5946:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
4508:"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"
2235:"The Mighty Weapon of Tarhunt"
1664:Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier (2020).
830:Under direct Neo-Assyrian rule
1:
7307:Muslim conquest of the Levant
6553:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
6496:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
6481:Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
6319:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
6189:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
5990:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
5689:Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
2364:
2357:
2328:
949:
904:
897:
878:
730:
647:is also attested in the form
314:
307:
169:
156:
123:
116:
5856:Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("
2590:(Uruk influence or control)
1818:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
686:
669:
649:
643:
627:
615:
609:
567:
529:
499:
493:
468:
462:
456:
450:
417:
366:
360:
354:
348:
286:
226:
202:
6550:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
5589:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
5388:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
4935:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
4929:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
4189:(Vassals of the Akkadians)
3176:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
2577:(Anonymous "King-priests")
2532:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
2050:Oreshko, Rostyslav (2020).
1989:; Frantz-Szabó, Gabriella;
1827:University of Chicago Press
1811:D'Alfonso, Lorenzo (2019).
1724:British Institute at Ankara
1682:Russian Academy of Sciences
1311:"Urpalaʾa [1] (PN)"
1285:"Urpalaʾa [1] (PN)"
1259:"Urpalaʾa [1] (PN)"
839:who also held authority on
243:Dynasty of Warpalawas I (?)
160: early 8th century BC
7559:
7342:
7177:Sasanian conquest of Egypt
6604:
6487:Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
6371:
6345:
6297:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
5643:Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
5408:Third Babylonian dynasty (
5305:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
5267:Second Intermediate Period
4077:(vassal of the Akkadians)
3465:
2610:Early or legendary kings:
2320:Warpalawas I's dynasty (?)
1089:"Urpalla [1] (PN)"
1060:"Urpalla [1] (PN)"
703:
695:
678:
655:
633:
621:
573:
423:
372:
339:
275:
217:
195:
7311:
7304:
7297:
7268:
7218:
7215:
7174:
7133:
7099:
7080:
6922:Parthamaspates of Parthia
6908:
6873:
6732:
6700:
6493:
6472:
6399:
6396:
6302:Assyrian conquest of Elam
6295:
6183:
6149:
6083:
6044:
5908:
5897:
5854:
5682:Third Intermediate Period
5497:
5368:
5212:Second Babylonian dynasty
5157:("Old Babylonian Period")
4923:
4875:
4639:
4607:
4579:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
4551:
4535:
4482:
4479:
4462:
4384:
4369:
4328:
4295:
4241:
4225:
4199:
4191:
4162:
4087:First Intermediate Period
4081:
4057:
4013:
3998:
3982:
3957:
3948:
3922:
3917:
3729:
3708:
3689:
3680:
3641:
3616:
3599:
3575:
3562:
3557:
3543:
3528:
3519:
3471:
3447:
3372:
3312:
3295:
3260:
3239:
3233:Early Dynastic Period III
3181:
3165:
3093:
3091:
3080:
3007:
2958:
2948:
2859:
2836:
2752:
2683:
2614:
2597:
2594:
2535:
2508:
2435:
2419:
2371:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2314:
2233:Yakubovich, Ilya (2019).
2114:10.1017/S0021088900000589
1993:; Bonacossi, D. Morandi;
1714:. BIAA Monograph Series.
1695:10.31826/jlr-2017-151-205
637:) recorded in Phrygia. A
85:
66:
7300:Muslim conquest of Egypt
6764:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
6595:Cleopatra VII Philopator
6092:Eight Babylonian Dynasty
5154:First Babylonian dynasty
4892:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
4396:(vassal of the Gutians)
4093:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
3085:Early Dynastic Period II
2078:10.1515/kadmos-2020-0005
613:is attested in the form
507:of the Luwian Storm-god
7538:8th-century BC monarchs
7385:"Rulers of Mesopotamia"
7128:Province of Mesopotamia
6937:Province of Mesopotamia
6913:Province of Mesopotamia
6888:Roman conquest of Egypt
6729:Antigonus II Mattathias
6523:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
6096:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
4573:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
4099:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
3407:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
2942:Early Dynastic Period I
2865:Second Dynasty of Egypt
2181:Oxford University Press
1794:Oxford University Press
411:, and cognate with the
7543:Rock reliefs in Turkey
6985:
6767:Philip II Philoromaeus
6761:Antiochus XII Dionysus
6755:Demetrius III Eucaerus
6752:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
6743:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
6615:
6583:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
6538:Arsinoe III Philopator
6431:
6199:
6089:
5926:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
5858:Second Dynasty of Isin
5405:
5378:
5321:
5150:
5033:(Non-dynastic usurpers
4757:
4442:Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
4411:
4301:Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
3866:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
3647:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
3474:Second kingdom of Mari
3187:Third Dynasty of Egypt
3121:Dumuzid, the Fisherman
2773:
2764:First Dynasty of Egypt
1985:(2014). "Urballa". In
888:Relations with Phrygia
786:
505:substantivised epithet
40:This article contains
7371:The Ancient Near East
7289:Byzantine Mesopotamia
7203:Province of Asoristan
7166:Byzantine Mesopotamia
6983:
6976:Province of Asoristan
6758:Philip I Philadelphus
6746:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
6740:Antiochus VIII Grypus
6737:Seleucus V Philometor
6692:Antiochus VII Sidetes
6686:Antiochus VI Dionysus
6613:
6586:Berenice IV Epiphanea
6547:Ptolemy VI Philometor
6535:Ptolemy IV Philopator
6532:Berenice II Euergetis
6529:Ptolemy III Euergetes
6430:
6348:Neo-Babylonian Empire
6258:Marduk-apla-iddina II
6255:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
6246:Marduk-apla-iddina II
6197:
6152:Humban-Tahrid dynasty
6088:
5809:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
5499:Middle Elamite period
5404:
5376:
5319:
5149:
4756:
4410:
4165:Third kingdom of Mari
3886:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
2961:First kingdom of Mari
2771:
2758:Early Dynastic Period
2600:Proto-Dynastic period
2183:. pp. 912–1026.
2092:Weeden, Mark (2010).
2015:]. Vol. 14.
785:(taller, on the left)
777:
6734:Alexander II Zabinas
6598:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
6574:Ptolemy XI Alexander
6556:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
6111:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
6099:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
5923:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
5864:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
5488:Marduk-apla-iddina I
5382:New Kingdom of Egypt
5205:Early Kassite rulers
4499:(Vassals of Ur III)
4480:(Vassals of UR III)
3880:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
3850:Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
3401:Old Kingdom of Egypt
2253:. pp. 544–559.
2218:. pp. 123–134.
1873:. pp. 114–160.
1726:. pp. 113–135.
1625:, p. 1000-1001.
813:Relations with Tabal
607:cognate of the name
296:Syro-Hittite kingdom
7239:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
6749:Antiochus X Eusebes
6577:Ptolemy XII Auletes
6568:Ptolemy X Alexander
6562:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
6541:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
6226:Neo-Assyrian Empire
6114:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
6047:Neo-Assyrian Empire
5870:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
5761:Syro-Hittite states
5467:Shagarakti-Shuriash
5140:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
4134:Neferkare Pepiseneb
4033:Akkadian Governors:
2537:Pre-Dynastic period
2148:. p. 721-736.
2130:Worthington, Martin
1915:Hawkins, John David
750:Tiglath-Pileser III
746:Neo-Assyrian Empire
544:One of the Powerful
272:Hieroglyphic Luwian
7533:Syro-Hittite kings
7465:Sumerian King List
7279:Palaestina Secunda
7156:Palaestina Secunda
6986:
6717:Alexander Jannaeus
6616:
6606:Hellenistic Period
6432:
6200:
6178:Humban-haltash III
6142:Nabu-shuma-ukin II
6090:
6055:Tukulti-Ninurta II
6036:Kingdom of Samaria
5932:Mar-biti-apla-usur
5929:Shirikti-shuqamuna
5899:Neo-Elamite period
5882:Marduk-shapik-zeri
5867:Itti-Marduk-balatu
5848:Tiglath-Pileser II
5845:Ashur-resh-ishi II
5800:Enlil-kudurri-usur
5491:Zababa-shuma-iddin
5476:Kadashman-Harbe II
5461:Kadashman-Enlil II
5406:
5379:
5322:
5151:
5137:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
5134:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
5125:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
4884:Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
4758:
4412:
3787:Lugal-kinishe-dudu
3168:Old Elamite period
3060:Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
2913:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
2830:Jemdet Nasr period
2774:
2200:Rutherford, Ian C.
2169:The Age of Assyria
1991:Krebernik, Manfred
1987:Streck, Michael P.
1649:, p. 150-152.
1586:, p. 284-285.
1574:, p. 158-159.
1538:, p. 148-149.
1526:, p. 143-144.
1514:, p. 148-149.
1194:, p. 552-553.
1182:, p. 261-264.
1170:, p. 262-263.
787:
7515:
7514:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7492:978-1-62564-606-4
7477:Unger, Merrill F.
7445:978-0-14-193825-7
7415:978-1-60606-649-2
7182:Province of Egypt
7113:Province of Egypt
6893:Province of Egypt
6635:Antigonid dynasty
6435:Achaemenid Empire
6356:Nebuchadnezzar II
6264:Ashur-nadin-shumi
6133:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
6105:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
5920:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
5888:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
5879:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
5821:Asharid-apal-Ekur
5818:Tiglath-Pileser I
5815:Ashur-resh-ishi I
5803:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
5791:Tukulti-Ninurta I
5738:Kingdom of Israel
5706:Osorkon the Elder
5627:Shutrukid dynasty
5512:Igehalkid dynasty
5479:Adad-shuma-iddina
5473:Enlil-nadin-shumi
5440:Kadashman-Enlil I
5434:Kadashman-harbe I
4878:Sukkalmah dynasty
4742:Isin-Larsa period
4564:Shimashki Dynasty
4290:Puzur-Inshushinak
3889:Netjerkare Siptah
3659:Neferirkare Kakai
3204:Egyptian pyramids
2413:Ancient Near East
2379:
2378:
2372:Succeeded by
2282:Hittite Monuments
2260:978-1-784-91943-6
2225:978-1-842-17270-4
2190:978-0-190-68763-2
2155:978-1-57506-471-0
2070:Walter de Gruyter
2042:978-3-110-41761-6
2033:Walter de Gruyter
1974:978-3-110-10864-4
1965:Walter de Gruyter
1948:978-3-110-10864-4
1939:Walter de Gruyter
1906:978-3-110-10864-4
1897:Walter de Gruyter
1880:978-9-004-46208-3
1803:978-0-199-21872-1
1767:978-0-415-39485-7
1733:978-1-912-09011-2
765:relief from Ivriz
358:to the adjective
284:
265:
264:
233:
206:
48:rendering support
16:(Redirected from
7550:
7497:
7496:
7473:
7467:
7461:
7450:
7449:
7426:
7420:
7419:
7398:Thomas, Ariane;
7395:
7389:
7388:
7381:
7375:
7374:
7359:
7353:
7350:
7335:
7325:
7275:Palaestina Prima
7221:Byzantine Empire
7152:Palaestina Prima
7139:Byzantine Empire
7118:Syria Palaestina
7083:Palmyrene Empire
7069:Bahram VI Chobin
6932:Syria Palaestina
6720:Salome Alexandra
6703:Kingdom of Judea
6689:Diodotus Tryphon
6544:Cleopatra I Syra
6520:Ptolemy Keraunos
6288:Ashur-uballit II
6285:Sin-shumu-lishir
6279:Ashur-etil-ilani
6234:Sargonid dynasty
6127:Marduk-apla-usur
6108:Nabu-apla-iddina
6102:Shamash-mudammiq
6058:Ashurnasirpal II
6041:Kingdom of Judah
5885:Adad-apla-iddina
5876:Enlil-nadin-apli
5873:Nebuchadnezzar I
5797:Ashur-nirari III
5794:Ashur-nadin-apli
5632:Shutruk-Nakhunte
5517:Untash-Napirisha
5506:Kidinuid dynasty
5104:Shamshi-Adad III
4812:Dynasty of Larsa
4630:
4518:
4513:
4341:
4194:Shar-Kali-Sharri
4128:Neferkare Tereru
4116:Neferkare Khendu
4070:
4065:
3896:
3855:Kiku-siwe-tempti
3742:
3737:
3592:
3521:Kish III dynasty
3491:
3422:
3335:
3330:
3235:(2600–2340 BCE)
3200:
3163:
3158:
3148:
3143:
3087:(2700–2600 BCE)
2944:(2900–2700 BCE)
2938:
2855:(3100–2700 BCE)
2834:(3100–2900 BCE)
2588:
2575:
2563:
2539:(4000–2900 BCE)
2528:
2427:
2423:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2344:Preceded by
2334:
2333:
2330:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2276:Bilgin, Tayfun.
2264:
2229:
2194:
2159:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2046:
1978:
1957:Hawkins, John D.
1952:
1910:
1884:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1807:
1771:
1737:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1425:
1419:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1130:
1124:
1105:
1104:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1056:
1047:
1041:
1030:
1024:
1015:
1009:
1000:
994:
954:
951:
931:Phrygian culture
925:inscriptions on
909:
906:
902:
899:
894:Phrygian kingdom
883:
880:
856:Phrygian kingdom
823:kingdom of Tabal
803:Taurus Mountains
735:
732:
708:
707:
706:
700:
699:
698:
692:
683:
682:
681:
675:
658:
657:
652:
646:
636:
635:
630:
624:
623:
618:
612:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
578:
577:
576:
570:
564:
561:
560:One of Tarḫunzas
558:
555:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
532:
526:
523:
522:the Powerful One
520:
517:
514:
502:
496:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
471:
465:
459:
453:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
428:
427:
426:
420:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
378:
377:
375:
369:
363:
357:
351:
345:
344:
342:
319:
316:
312:
309:
289:
283:romanized:
282:
280:
278:
232:
224:
222:
221:
220:
205:
200:
198:
197:
174:
171:
161:
158:
128:
125:
121:
118:
90:
59:
42:cuneiform script
36:
35:
21:
7558:
7557:
7553:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7547:
7518:
7517:
7516:
7511:
7510:
7501:
7500:
7493:
7475:
7474:
7470:
7462:
7453:
7446:
7428:
7427:
7423:
7416:
7397:
7396:
7392:
7383:
7382:
7378:
7361:
7360:
7356:
7351:
7347:
7284:Byzantine Syria
7270:Byzantine Egypt
7245:Farrukh Hormizd
7205:
7201:
7198:Sasanian Empire
7184:
7180:
7161:Byzantine Syria
7147:Byzantine Egypt
7086:
6978:
6974:
6971:Sasanian Empire
6891:
6796:Mithridates III
6776:
6773:Parthian Empire
6706:
6645:Seleucid Empire
6642:
6632:
6608:
6517:Ptolemy I Soter
6515:
6512:Ptolemaic Egypt
6484:
6478:
6438:
6420:
6416:
6414:Kings of Byblos
6405:
6377:
6351:
6322:
6316:
6290:
6270:Mushezib-Marduk
6240:Tiglath-Pileser
6238:
6229:
6206:
6192:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6155:
6147:
6145:Nabu-mukin-zeri
6139:Nabu-nadin-zeri
6124:Marduk-bel-zeri
6117:Baba-aha-iddina
6094:
6071:Adad-nirari III
6061:Shalmaneser III
6050:
6039:
6038:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6016:Menkheperre Ini
5993:
5986:
5985:
5949:
5935:Nabû-mukin-apli
5912:
5901:(1100–540 BCE)
5894:Nabu-shum-libur
5862:
5839:Ashur-nirari IV
5833:Ashurnasirpal I
5830:Shamshi-Adad IV
5776:Ashur-uballit I
5771:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5724:Kings of Byblos
5722:
5692:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5647:
5646:
5630:
5624:
5592:
5579:
5578:
5560:Neferneferuaten
5520:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5503:
5502:(1500–1100 BCE)
5494:Enlil-nadin-ahi
5482:Adad-shuma-usur
5470:Kashtiliashu IV
5458:Kadashman-Turgu
5443:Burnaburiash II
5422:Kashtiliash III
5414:
5391:
5385:
5355:
5354:(1600–1260 BCE)
5353:
5323:
5314:
5308:
5296:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5250:
5245:Peshgaldaramesh
5240:
5230:
5220:
5216:Sealand Dynasty
5213:
5210:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5165:
5158:
5156:
5131:Ashur-nirari II
5110:Puzur-Ashur III
5098:Shamshi-Adad II
5069:
5067:
5065:Adaside dynasty
5062:
5061:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5031:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4983:
4974:
4968:
4957:
4953:
4951:Kings of Byblos
4949:
4943:
4932:
4895:
4882:
4881:
4863:Uruk VI dynasty
4861:
4810:
4761:Dynasty of Isin
4751:
4745:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4677:
4671:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4631:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4582:
4576:
4558:
4519:
4507:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4469:
4459:
4445:
4429:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4402:
4395:
4391:
4377:
4373:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4332:
4323:(2150–2000 BCE)
4304:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4236:
4232:
4220:
4216:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4168:
4158:
4113:Djedkare Shemai
4102:
4096:
4090:
4076:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4022:Sargon of Akkad
4020:
4019:
4016:Akkadian Empire
4008:(2340–2150 BCE)
4006:Akkadian Period
3993:
3989:
3977:
3973:
3952:
3940:
3930:
3926:
3909:
3905:
3891:
3869:
3848:
3846:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3789:
3775:
3771:
3759:
3755:
3743:
3714:
3711:
3705:
3693:
3684:
3651:
3650:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3570:
3569:
3553:
3550:
3538:
3534:
3523:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3469:(2500-539 BCE)
3457:
3453:
3423:
3417:
3410:
3404:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3346:
3340:
3336:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3289:
3285:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3174:
3173:
3172:(2700–1500 BCE)
3171:
3119:
3108:
3071:("conqueror of
3057:
3041:
3034:
3024:
3010:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2973:
2964:
2956:
2953:
2933:
2869:
2868:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2833:
2775:
2761:
2748:
2689:
2620:
2609:
2603:
2589:
2583:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2556:(4000–3100 BCE)
2555:
2549:
2523:
2517:
2489:
2470:
2460:
2433:
2431:
2415:
2409:
2375:
2374:Muwaḫḫaranis II
2367:
2360:
2356:
2347:
2331:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2304:
2297:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2232:
2226:
2197:
2191:
2162:
2156:
2136:. Vol. 2.
2127:
2118:
2116:
2091:
2082:
2080:
2049:
2043:
2035:. p. 408.
2003:Wilhelm, Gernot
1995:Postgate, J. N.
1981:
1975:
1955:
1949:
1913:
1907:
1889:Hawkins, John D
1887:
1881:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1810:
1804:
1774:
1768:
1740:
1734:
1709:
1700:
1698:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1463:, p. 1002.
1459:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1439:, p. 1000.
1435:
1428:
1420:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1237:
1231:Yakubovich 2008
1229:
1225:
1219:Yakubovich 2019
1217:
1213:
1205:
1198:
1192:Yakubovich 2019
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1156:Yakubovich 2019
1154:
1150:
1142:
1133:
1125:
1108:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1044:Yakubovich 2019
1042:
1033:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1003:
995:
974:
969:
961:
952:
907:
900:
890:
881:
832:
815:
792:
742:
733:
727:
721:Warpalawas II.
715:
665:
601:
592:
589:
586:
583:
562:
559:
556:
553:
546:
543:
540:
537:
533:the meaning of
524:
521:
518:
515:
485:
482:
479:
476:
472:the meaning of
442:
439:
436:
433:
408:
405:
402:
399:
392:
389:
386:
383:
373:
346:was pronounced
340:
331:
326:
317:
310:
304:region of Tabal
276:
260:Luwian religion
223:
199:
184:Muwaḫḫaranis II
172:
159:
144:Muwaḫḫaranis II
126:
119:
97:
80:
57:
56:
55:
46:Without proper
37:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7556:
7554:
7546:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7520:
7519:
7513:
7512:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7491:
7468:
7451:
7444:
7421:
7414:
7400:Potts, Timothy
7390:
7376:
7354:
7344:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7329:
7318:
7317:
7310:
7303:
7296:
7292:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7272:
7266:
7265:
7224:
7217:
7213:
7212:
7194:
7173:
7169:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7101:
7097:
7096:
7079:
7075:
7074:
6967:
6963:
6962:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6919:
6910:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6883:
6882:
6875:
6874:30 BCE–116 CE
6871:
6870:
6808:Mithridates IV
6790:Mithridates II
6769:
6731:
6726:Aristobulus II
6699:
6695:
6694:
6619:Argead dynasty
6603:
6508:Argead dynasty
6504:
6500:
6499:
6491:
6490:
6470:
6469:
6461:Artaxerxes III
6424:
6422:Kings of Sidon
6411:
6398:
6394:
6393:
6370:
6365:Labashi-Marduk
6344:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6299:
6293:
6292:
6267:Nergal-ushezib
6222:
6203:Black Pharaohs
6185:
6181:
6180:
6148:
6121:Ninurta-apla-X
6082:
6080:Ashur-nirari V
6074:Shalmaneser IV
6064:Shamshi-Adad V
6052:Adad-nirari II
6043:
6033:
5942:
5938:
5937:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5896:
5853:
5836:Shalmaneser II
5824:Ashur-bel-kala
5812:Mutakkil-Nusku
5768:Middle Assyria
5764:
5757:
5732:Kings of Sidon
5715:
5639:
5638:1155–1025 BCE
5635:
5634:
5621:Elamite Empire
5617:
5584:
5583:
5575:Hittite Empire
5571:
5539:
5538:
5523:
5522:
5496:
5485:Meli-Shipak II
5455:Nazi-Maruttash
5419:Burnaburiash I
5398:
5370:
5369:1531–1155 BCE
5366:
5365:
5346:
5301:
5261:
5260:
5207:
5143:
5128:Enlil-Nasir II
5107:Ashur-nirari I
5101:Ishme-Dagan II
5092:Sharma-Adad II
5044:Ashur-apla-idi
5035:1735–1701 BCE)
5014:Ashur-apla-idi
4996:Shamshi-Adad I
4991:1808–1736 BCE)
4976:
4971:Yamhad dynasty
4961:
4959:Kings of Sidon
4938:
4925:
4924:1800–1595 BCE
4921:
4920:
4887:
4886:
4874:
4738:
4728:Puzur-Ashur II
4695:
4638:
4605:
4604:
4599:Mentuhotep III
4568:
4567:
4550:
4545:
4537:
4536:2025-1763 BCE
4533:
4532:
4504:Ur III dynasty
4500:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4461:
4450:Neferkare VIII
4438:
4434:
4433:
4426:
4425:
4397:
4383:
4381:
4368:
4354:Gutian dynasty
4350:
4326:
4325:
4317:
4312:Nebkaure Khety
4306:Meryibre Khety
4297:
4293:
4292:
4275:
4242:
4240:
4224:
4197:
4196:
4190:
4161:
4151:
4137:Neferkamin Anu
4110:Neferkare Neby
4083:
4079:
4078:
4074:Lugal-ushumgal
4071:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4030:
4011:
4010:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3981:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3947:
3942:
3934:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3907:Lugalannemundu
3897:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3838:
3821:
3802:
3793:
3784:
3779:
3763:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3688:
3679:
3674:Djedkare Isesi
3671:Menkauhor Kaiu
3643:
3639:
3638:
3615:
3598:
3574:
3572:Pabilgagaltuku
3561:
3556:
3542:
3531:Akshak dynasty
3527:
3518:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3446:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3371:
3356:Enun-dara-anna
3351:
3350:
3311:
3294:
3279:
3261:
3259:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3164:
3149:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3124:
3113:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3064:
3063:
3049:
3012:
3005:
3004:
2980:Kullassina-bel
2965:
2957:
2946:
2945:
2939:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2835:
2826:
2821:
2772:Narmer Palette
2754:
2753:3100–2900 BCE
2750:
2749:
2682:
2612:
2611:
2596:
2595:3200–3100 BCE
2592:
2591:
2578:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2529:
2510:
2509:4000–3200 BCE
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2464:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2411:Rulers of the
2410:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2348:
2346:Muwaḫḫaranis I
2345:
2341:
2340:
2339:Regnal titles
2336:
2335:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2294:
2293:
2271:
2270:External links
2268:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2247:United Kingdom
2230:
2224:
2212:United Kingdom
2195:
2189:
2160:
2154:
2125:
2089:
2047:
2041:
1983:Hawkins, J. D.
1979:
1973:
1953:
1947:
1911:
1905:
1885:
1879:
1850:
1839:10.1086/703857
1808:
1802:
1790:United Kingdom
1772:
1766:
1754:United Kingdom
1738:
1732:
1720:United Kingdom
1707:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1637:, p. 148.
1627:
1615:
1613:, p. 288.
1603:
1601:, p. 284.
1588:
1576:
1564:
1562:, p. 685.
1552:
1550:, p. 144.
1540:
1536:D'Alfonso 2019
1528:
1524:D'Alfonso 2019
1516:
1504:
1502:, p. 152.
1477:
1475:, p. 148.
1465:
1453:
1451:, p. 117.
1441:
1426:
1424:, p. 408.
1403:
1391:
1389:, p. 141.
1379:
1377:, p. 999.
1367:
1365:, p. 724.
1355:
1340:
1328:
1302:
1276:
1250:
1235:
1233:, p. 130.
1223:
1221:, p. 533.
1211:
1209:, p. 100.
1196:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1146:, p. 149.
1131:
1129:, p. 726.
1106:
1077:
1048:
1046:, p. 553.
1031:
1029:, p. 518.
1016:
1014:, p. 520.
1001:
999:, p. 150.
971:
970:
968:
965:
960:
957:
889:
886:
831:
828:
814:
811:
807:Cilician Gates
791:
788:
756:and Ašḫiti of
741:
738:
726:
723:
714:
711:
664:
661:
600:
597:
590:Tarḫunzas-like
330:
327:
325:
322:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
251:Muwaḫḫaranis I
249:
245:
244:
241:
235:
234:
214:
208:
207:
192:
186:
185:
182:
176:
175:
167:
163:
162:
154:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
136:Muwaḫḫaranis I
134:
130:
129:
114:
110:
109:
99:
98:
91:
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
63:
62:Warpallawas II
50:, you may see
38:
31:
30:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7555:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7494:
7488:
7484:
7483:
7478:
7472:
7469:
7466:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7452:
7447:
7441:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7430:Roux, Georges
7425:
7422:
7417:
7411:
7407:
7406:
7401:
7394:
7391:
7386:
7380:
7377:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7358:
7355:
7349:
7346:
7341:
7338:
7334:
7328:
7324:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7309:
7308:
7302:
7301:
7294:
7293:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7276:
7271:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7257:Yazdegerd III
7255:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7223:
7222:
7214:
7211:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7199:
7193:
7190:
7189:Sahralanyozan
7187:
7183:
7178:
7171:
7170:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7153:
7148:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7132:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7085:
7084:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7046:
7043:
7040:
7037:
7034:
7031:
7028:
7025:
7022:
7019:
7016:
7013:
7010:
7007:
7004:
7001:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6982:
6977:
6973:
6972:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6958:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6945:Mithridates V
6943:
6942:Sinatruces II
6938:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6918:
6914:
6907:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6865:Artabanus III
6863:
6860:
6857:
6854:
6851:
6848:
6845:
6842:
6839:
6836:
6835:Tiridates III
6833:
6830:
6827:
6824:
6821:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6778:Mithridates I
6775:
6774:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6721:
6718:
6715:
6714:Aristobulus I
6712:
6711:John Hyrcanus
6709:
6705:
6704:
6697:
6696:
6693:
6690:
6687:
6684:
6681:
6680:Alexander III
6678:
6675:
6672:
6669:
6666:
6665:Antiochus III
6663:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6624:Alexander III
6621:
6620:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6559:Cleopatra III
6557:
6554:
6551:
6548:
6545:
6542:
6539:
6536:
6533:
6530:
6527:
6524:
6521:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6482:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6464:Artaxerxes IV
6462:
6459:
6458:Artaxerxes II
6456:
6453:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6429:
6423:
6419:
6418:Kings of Tyre
6415:
6409:
6404:
6403:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6386:
6383:
6380:
6376:
6375:
6374:Median Empire
6369:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6350:
6349:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6314:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6283:
6282:Sinsharishkun
6280:
6277:
6274:
6271:
6268:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6237:
6235:
6228:
6227:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6204:
6196:
6191:
6190:
6182:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6154:
6153:
6146:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6119:(five kings)
6118:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6093:
6087:
6081:
6078:
6077:Ashur-Dan III
6075:
6072:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6023:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5947:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5917:Ea-mukin-zeri
5915:
5914:Simbar-shipak
5911:
5906:1025–934 BCE
5905:
5904:
5900:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5859:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5842:Ashur-rabi II
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5827:Eriba-Adad II
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5788:Shalmaneser I
5786:
5785:Adad-nirari I
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5770:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5733:
5729:
5728:Kings of Tyre
5725:
5721:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5667:Ramesses VIII
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5645:
5644:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5622:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5582:
5577:
5576:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5549:Amenhotep III
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5507:
5500:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5375:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5318:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5268:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5255:Melamkurkurra
5253:
5249:
5248:Ayadaragalama
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5226:
5225:Itti-ili-nibi
5223:
5219:
5217:
5206:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5120:
5119:Ashur-shaduni
5117:
5114:
5113:Enlil-nasir I
5111:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5077:Sharma-Adad I
5075:
5072:
5068:1700–722 BCE)
5066:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4999:Ishme-Dagan I
4997:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4972:
4967:
4966:
4960:
4956:
4955:Kings of Tyre
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4930:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4912:Amenemhat III
4910:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4885:
4880:
4879:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4755:
4749:
4744:
4743:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4704:Puzur-Ashur I
4701:
4700:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4663:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4611:
4610:Third Eblaite
4606:
4603:
4602:Mentuhotep IV
4600:
4597:
4596:Mentuhotep II
4594:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4549:
4544:
4542:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4453:Wahkare Khety
4451:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4427:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4394:
4390:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4355:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4321:Ur III period
4316:
4313:
4310:
4309:Neferkare VII
4307:
4303:
4302:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4256:Ur-Ningirsu I
4253:
4249:
4247:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3939:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3895:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3791:Lugal-kisalsi
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3188:
3180:
3177:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2984:Nangishlishma
2981:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2951:First Eblaite
2947:
2943:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2910:Seth-Peribsen
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:Hotepsekhemwy
2867:
2866:
2858:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2839:Proto-Elamite
2832:
2831:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2741:Double Falcon
2739:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2587:
2582:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2368: 705 BC
2355:
2354:
2342:
2337:
2332: 705 BC
2327:
2321:
2316:Warpalawas II
2313:
2307:
2301:
2296:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2177:United States
2174:
2173:New York City
2170:
2166:
2165:Radner, Karen
2161:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:United States
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2029:United States
2026:
2025:New York City
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1999:Seidl, Ursula
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:United States
1932:
1931:New York City
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1776:Bryce, Trevor
1773:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:Bryce, Trevor
1739:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1686:Gorgias Press
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1401:, p. 41.
1400:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1353:, p. 50.
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1338:, p. 42.
1337:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1248:, p. 14.
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1180:Hawkins 2000c
1176:
1173:
1169:
1168:Hawkins 2000a
1164:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:Hawkins 2000c
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:Hawkins 2000b
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
973:
966:
964:
958:
956:
953: 705 BC
947:
942:
939:
938:M. J. Mellink
934:
932:
928:
924:
919:
915:
913:
908: 709 BC
895:
887:
885:
882: 709 BC
875:
871:
869:
865:
859:
857:
851:
849:
844:
842:
838:
829:
827:
824:
820:
812:
810:
808:
804:
799:
797:
789:
784:
780:
776:
772:
770:
766:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
739:
737:
734: 740 BC
724:
722:
718:
712:
710:
691:
689:
674:
672:
662:
660:
651:
645:
640:
629:
617:
611:
606:
598:
596:
569:
531:
510:
506:
501:
495:
489:
483:royal warrior
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
419:
414:
368:
362:
356:
350:
336:
328:
323:
321:
318: 705 BC
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
273:
269:
268:Warpalawas II
261:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
240:
236:
231:
229:
215:
213:
209:
204:
193:
191:
187:
183:
181:
177:
173: 705 BC
168:
164:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127: 705 BC
115:
111:
108:
104:
100:
95:
89:
84:
81:
76:
73:
70:
69:
65:
60:
53:
49:
45:
43:
19:
7481:
7471:
7435:Ancient Iraq
7434:
7424:
7404:
7393:
7379:
7370:
7357:
7348:
7312:
7305:
7298:
7227:Ardashir III
7219:
7196:
7137:
7105:Roman Empire
7103:
7081:
7039:Yazdegerd II
6969:
6960:Artabanus IV
6957:Vologases VI
6948:Vologases IV
6879:Roman Empire
6877:
6862:Vologases II
6838:Artabanus II
6832:Artabanus II
6817:Tiridates II
6805:Phraates III
6771:
6708:Simon Thassi
6701:
6683:Demetrius II
6671:Antiochus IV
6662:Seleucus III
6656:Antiochus II
6643:
6633:
6630:Alexander IV
6617:
6605:
6589:Ptolemy XIII
6571:Berenice III
6565:Cleopatra IV
6506:
6503:331–141 BCE
6494:
6485:
6479:
6473:
6452:Artaxerxes I
6433:
6400:
6397:539–331 BCE
6372:
6353:Nabopolassar
6346:
6317:
6311:
6308:626–539 BCE
6276:Ashurbanipal
6231:
6230:
6224:
6187:
6184:745–609 BCE
6150:
6130:Eriba-Marduk
6091:
6045:
6020:
5988:
5987:
5977:
5966:Shoshenq III
5944:
5941:911–745 BCE
5909:
5891:Marduk-zer-X
5855:
5851:Ashur-dan II
5782:Arik-den-ili
5779:Enlil-nirari
5773:Eriba-Adad I
5766:
5759:
5736:
5717:
5712:Psusennes II
5687:
5686:
5680:
5664:Ramesses VII
5652:Ramesses III
5641:
5625:
5619:
5587:
5573:
5554:
5543:Amenhotep II
5536:Thutmose III
5510:
5504:
5501:
5452:Kurigalzu II
5446:Kara-hardash
5416:Agum-Kakrime
5407:
5386:
5380:
5348:
5331:'Aper-'Anati
5329:
5324:
5303:
5297:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5228:Damqi-ilishu
5211:
5200:Samsu-Ditana
5182:Sin-muballit
5173:Sin-muballit
5152:
5122:Ashur-rabi I
4987:Shamshi-Adad
4984:
4978:
4963:
4933:
4927:
4915:Amenemhat IV
4909:Senusret III
4903:Amenemhat II
4890:
4876:
4862:
4811:
4808:Damiq-ilishu
4778:Lipit-Eshtar
4759:
4740:
4697:
4665:
4661:
4645:Shakkanakkus
4608:
4584:Mentuhotep I
4577:
4571:
4552:
4539:
4502:
4496:Puzur-Ishtar
4463:
4458:
4440:
4393:Lugalannatum
4385:
4352:
4319:
4299:
4278:Hishep-Ratep
4244:
4226:
4163:
4153:
4107:Neferkare II
4097:
4091:
4085:
4032:
4014:
4004:
3983:
3936:Invasion by
3899:
3864:
3840:
3832:Enannatum II
3796:E-iginimpa'e
3765:
3757:Igrish-Halam
3668:Nyuserre Ini
3645:
3619:Awan dynasty
3617:
3576:
3563:
3544:
3529:
3520:
3504:Ishtup-Ishar
3484:Iku-Shamagan
3480:Ikun-Shamash
3472:
3450:Ur I dynasty
3448:
3441:
3430:
3405:
3399:
3373:
3354:
3313:
3296:
3281:
3263:
3222:
3214:
3185:
3166:
3129:Enmebaragesi
3115:
3096:
3067:
3058:
3051:
3014:
3009:
2989:En-tarah-ana
2974:
2967:
2959:
2949:
2925:
2922:Neferkasokar
2920:
2915:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2863:
2843:
2837:
2828:
2816:
2811:
2762:
2756:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2670:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2623:Finger Snail
2621:
2615:
2598:
2567:Anu Ziggurat
2550:
2518:
2512:
2430:Territories/
2350:
2325:
2319:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:
2278:"Bor Steles"
2238:
2203:
2168:
2133:
2117:. Retrieved
2101:
2097:
2081:. Retrieved
2065:
2061:
2055:
2012:
2006:
2001:; Stol, M.;
1960:
1918:
1892:
1858:
1842:. Retrieved
1822:
1816:
1780:
1745:
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1673:
1669:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1606:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1422:Hawkins 2014
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1331:
1314:
1305:
1288:
1279:
1262:
1253:
1226:
1214:
1207:Oreshko 2020
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1092:
1063:
962:
946:Trevor Bryce
943:
935:
923:Old Phrygian
920:
916:
891:
876:
872:
860:
852:
845:
833:
816:
800:
793:
779:İvriz relief
762:
743:
728:
719:
716:
666:
602:
490:
447:
341:𔗬𔖱𔕸𔓊𔗬𔗔
332:
294:king of the
277:𔗬𔖱𔕸𔓊𔗬𔗔
267:
266:
196:𔗬𔖱𔕸𔓊𔗬𔗔
77:The Just One
67:
39:
7367:Simpson, W.
7295:639–651 CE
7242:Azarmidokht
7233:Khosrow III
7216:628–641 CE
7172:618–628 CE
7134:395–618 CE
7100:273–395 CE
7088:Vaballathus
7078:270–273 CE
7042:Hormizd III
7027:Yazdegerd I
7018:Ardashir II
7012:Adur Narseh
6966:224–270 CE
6954:Vologases V
6928:117–224 CE
6909:116–117 CE
6856:Vardanes II
6853:Vologases I
6844:Gotarzes II
6814:Phraates IV
6784:Hyspaosines
6723:Hyrcanus II
6698:141–30 BCE
6677:Demetrius I
6674:Antiochus V
6668:Seleucus IV
6659:Seleucus II
6653:Antiochus I
6640:Antigonus I
6592:Ptolemy XIV
6580:Cleopatra V
6362:Neriglissar
6359:Amel-Marduk
6342:Psamtik III
6313:Late Period
6252:Sennacherib
6243:Shalmaneser
6170:Tammaritu I
6067:Shammuramat
6010:Takelot III
6007:Osorkon III
6004:Shoshenq VI
5979:Pedubast II
5969:Shoshenq IV
5957:Shoshenq II
5806:Ashur-dan I
5747:Ish-bosheth
5700:Psusennes I
5676:Ramesses XI
5670:Ramesses IX
5661:Ramesses VI
5655:Ramesses IV
5600:Ramesses II
5563:Tutankhamun
5546:Thutmose IV
5530:Thutmose II
5464:Kudur-Enlil
5449:Nazi-Bugash
5437:Kurigalzu I
5425:Ulamburiash
5396:Amenhotep I
5377:Tutankhamun
5363:Parshatatar
5360:Shuttarna I
5293:Seventeenth
5222:Ilum-ma-ili
5197:Ammi-saduqa
5194:Ammi-ditana
5188:Samsu-iluna
5095:Erishum III
5056:Adad-salulu
5053:Ipqi-Ishtar
5041:Ashur-dugul
5026:Adad-salulu
5023:Ipqi-Ishtar
5011:Ashur-dugul
4980:Old Assyria
4975:(Amorites)
4918:Sobekneferu
4906:Senusret II
4897:Amenemhat I
4869:Sîn-iribam
4846:Sin-Iqisham
4840:Sin-Iddinam
4790:Erra-imitti
4787:Lipit-Enlil
4775:Ishme-Dagan
4772:Iddin-Dagan
4708:Shalim-ahum
4699:Old Assyria
4685:Yasmah-Adad
4662:Lim Dynasty
4654:Hanun-Dagan
4650:Hitial-Erra
4415:Ur-Ningirsu
4371:Kuda (Uruk)
4344:Ishgum-Addu
4334:Ishtup-Ilum
4186:Ishma-Dagan
4171:Shakkanakku
4149:Neferirkare
4146:Neferkauhor
4049:Ili-ishmani
4028:Manishtushu
3991:Lugalzagesi
3987:III dynasty
3971:Puzur-Nirah
3686:Ishar-Malik
3665:Shepseskare
3455:Mesannepada
3380:Nin-kisalsi
3368:Lugal-kitun
3338:Meskalamdug
3324:Ur-Pabilsag
3137:Aga of Kish
3046:Barsal-nuna
2931:Khasekhemwy
2917:Neferkara I
2896:Weneg-Nebty
2874:Nebra/Raneb
2686:Lower Egypt
2672:Scorpion II
2617:Upper Egypt
2569:, 4000 BCE)
2552:Uruk period
2306:Asia portal
2216:Oxbow Books
2146:Eisenbrauns
1867:Netherlands
1833:: 133–152.
1623:Weeden 2023
1461:Weeden 2023
1437:Weeden 2023
1399:Weeden 2010
1375:Weeden 2023
1363:Weeden 2017
1351:Weeden 2010
1336:Weeden 2010
1246:Adiego 2020
663:In Akkadian
644:Warpallawas
641:cognate of
610:Warpallawas
579:), meaning
530:Warpallawas
469:Warpallawas
429:), meaning
379:), meaning
374:𔗬𔖱𔕸𔔹𔗔
349:Warpallawas
287:Warpallawas
203:Warpallawas
133:Predecessor
120: 740s
7522:Categories
7251:Khosrow IV
7248:Hormizd VI
7230:Shahrbaraz
7207:Khosrow II
7192:Shahrbaraz
7186:Shahrbaraz
7066:Khosrow II
7063:Hormizd IV
7021:Shapur III
7009:Hormizd II
7003:Bahram III
6988:Ardashir I
6859:Pacorus II
6850:Vonones II
6847:Meherdates
6841:Vardanes I
6826:Orodes III
6823:Phraates V
6802:Sinatruces
6650:Seleucus I
6627:Philip III
6601:Arsinoe IV
6526:Arsinoe II
6467:Darius III
6333:Psamtik II
6273:Esarhaddon
6166:Ummanigash
6136:Nabonassar
6030:Bakenranef
6001:Pedubast I
5998:Takelot II
5995:Harsiese A
5983:Osorkon IV
5975:Shoshenq V
5963:Osorkon II
5951:Shoshenq I
5697:Amenemnisu
5673:Ramesses X
5658:Ramesses V
5606:Amenmesses
5594:Ramesses I
5556:Smenkhkare
5533:Hatshepsut
5527:Thutmose I
5431:Karaindash
5170:Sumu-la-El
5002:Mut-Ashkur
4993:(Amorites)
4900:Senusret I
4859:Rim-Sin II
4849:Silli-Adad
4843:Sin-Eribam
4805:Suen-magir
4802:Ur-du-kuga
4799:Iter-pisha
4793:Enlil-bani
4781:Ur-Ninurta
4769:Shu-Ilishu
4766:Ishbi-Erra
4736:Erishum II
4682:Yahdun-Lim
4679:Yaggid-Lim
4492:Tura-Dagan
4471:Utu-hengal
4447:Meryhathor
4423:Nam-mahani
4389:II dynasty
4358:(21 kings)
4252:Puzer-Mama
4248:II dynasty
4230:IV dynasty
4143:Neferkaure
4140:Qakare Ibi
4131:Neferkahor
4122:Neferkamin
4041:Ilshu-rabi
3932:Ishqi-Mari
3928:Ikun-Ishar
3924:Enna-Dagan
3844:II dynasty
3818:Bara-irnun
3773:Puzur-Suen
3769:IV dynasty
3761:Irkab-Damu
3706:(3 kings)
3632:Ukkutahesh
3605:Meskiagnun
3601:A'annepada
3548:II dynasty
3443:Thamphthis
3439:Shepseskaf
3388:Lugal-dalu
3287:Udulkalama
3267:II dynasty
3209:Sekhemkhet
3117:Lugalbanda
3043:Melem-Kish
3039:En-me-nuna
2824:Canaanites
2818:Horus Bird
2783:Neithhotep
2656:Scorpion I
2606:Naqada III
2361: 740
2072:: 77–128.
1647:Bryce 2012
1611:Bryce 2012
1599:Bryce 2012
1584:Bryce 2012
1572:Bryce 2012
1560:Bryce 2009
1548:Bryce 2012
1512:Bryce 2012
1500:Bryce 2012
1473:Bryce 2012
1387:Bryce 2012
1144:Bryce 2012
1127:Bryce 2009
997:Bryce 2012
967:References
901: 710
819:Wasusarmas
705:𒁹𒌨𒉆𒈗𒀀
680:𒁹𒌨𒁄𒆷𒀀
549:, that is
511:, meaning
425:𒉿𒅈𒉺𒀠𒇺
311: 740
219:𒁹𒌨𒁄𒆷𒀀
7363:Hallo, W.
7260:Peroz III
7094:Antiochus
7060:Khosrow I
7030:Shapur IV
7024:Bahram IV
7015:Shapur II
7000:Bahram II
6994:Hormizd I
6951:Osroes II
6829:Vonones I
6811:Orodes II
6787:Artabanus
6455:Darius II
6382:Phraortes
6368:Nabonidus
6339:Ahmose II
6327:Psamtik I
6220:Tanutamun
6069:(regent)
5960:Takelot I
5954:Osorkon I
5719:Phoenicia
5703:Amenemope
5649:Setnakhte
5603:Merneptah
5552:Akhenaten
5335:Sakir-Har
5273:Sixteenth
5252:Akurduana
5238:Gulkishar
5235:Shushushi
5191:Abi-eshuh
5185:Hammurabi
5167:Sumu-abum
5089:Shu-Ninua
5080:Iptar-Sin
5050:Sin-namir
5047:Nasir-Sin
5038:Puzur-Sin
5020:Sin-namir
5017:Nasir-Sin
4871:Sîn-gāmil
4867:Sîn-kāšid
4855:Rim-Sin I
4852:Warad-Sin
4732:Naram-Sin
4716:Erishum I
4712:Ilu-shuma
4688:Zimri-Lim
4636:Indilimma
4623:Ibbit-Lim
4593:Intef III
4556:invasions
4543:invasions
4488:Ili-Ishar
4484:Iddi-ilum
4477:2100 BCE
4467:V dynasty
4437:2125 BCE
4375:Puzur-ili
4362:La-erabum
4296:2150 BCE
4222:Shu-turul
4215:(3 years)
4182:Shu-Dagan
4082:2200 BCE
4059:Naram-Sin
4055:2250 BCE
3999:2340 BCE
3965:2350 BCE
3959:Luh-ishan
3954:Urukagina
3950:Lugalanda
3919:Isar-Damu
3915:2370 BCE
3861:2380 BCE
3836:Enentarzi
3824:Enannatum
3813:Gishakidu
3777:Ur-Zababa
3753:Adub-Damu
3749:2400 BCE
3722:2425 BCE
3716:Napilhush
3704:invasions
3682:Enar-Damu
3662:Neferefre
3642:2450 BCE
3585:Ur-Nanshe
3580:I dynasty
3567:I dynasty
3508:Ikun-Mari
3467:Phoenicia
3463:2500 BCE
3396:2575 BCE
3364:Melamanna
3348:Akalamdug
3320:A-Imdugud
3283:Ur-Nungal
3270:(5 kings)
3257:Baba-Damu
3253:Ibbi-Damu
3182:2600 BCE
3152:Gilgamesh
3110:Iltasadum
3081:2700 BCE
3055:I dynasty
3008:2800 BCE
2971:I dynasty
2927:Hudjefa I
2860:2900 BCE
2806:Semerkhet
2798:(regent)
2785:(regent)
2692:Hedju Hor
2520:Naqada II
2108:: 39–61.
1959:(2000c).
1917:(2000b).
1891:(2000a).
1758:Routledge
817:The king
805:near the
769:Tarḫunzas
568:Tarḫuniya
509:Tarḫunzas
500:warpallis
494:warpallas
457:warpallis
451:warpallas
418:warpallis
367:warpallis
361:warpallas
329:Etymology
141:Successor
18:Warpalawa
7479:(2014).
7432:(1992).
7402:(2020).
7369:(1971).
7210:Kavad II
7036:Bahram V
6997:Bahram I
6991:Shapur I
6868:Osroes I
6799:Orodes I
6793:Gotarzes
6781:Phraates
6446:Darius I
6443:Cambyses
6391:Astyages
6388:Cyaxares
6330:Necho II
6261:Bel-ibni
6211:Shebitku
6174:Indabibi
6027:Tefnakht
5569:Horemheb
5428:Agum III
5410:Kassites
5393:Ahmose I
5258:Ea-gamil
5242:DIŠ+U-EN
5232:Ishkibal
5179:Apil-Sin
5161:Amorites
5071:Bel-bani
4946:Biblical
4837:Nur-Adad
4828:Gungunum
4816:Naplanum
4784:Bur-Suen
4748:Amorites
4724:Sargon I
4674:Amorites
4618:Amorites
4590:Intef II
4560:Kindattu
4548:Ibbi-Sin
4527:Amar-Sin
4521:Ur-Nammu
4456:Merykare
4348:Apil-kin
4260:Pirig-me
4238:Ur-gigir
4234:Ur-nigin
4174:dynasty)
4119:Merenhor
4045:Epirmupi
3874:Userkare
3828:Entemena
3805:Ur-Lumma
3800:Meskigal
3731:Eannatum
3726:Kun-Damu
3710:Shushun-
3695:Enakalle
3554:kushanna
3540:Undalulu
3512:Iblul-Il
3436:Menkaure
3432:Bikheris
3425:Djedefre
3384:Me-durba
3309:shaengur
3303:En-hegal
3291:Labashum
3249:Agur-lim
3245:Abur-lim
3224:Qahedjet
3069:Enmerkar
2901:Wadjenes
2891:Horus Sa
2886:Nubnefer
2877:Nynetjer
2851:Susa III
2813:Sneferka
2796:Merneith
2514:Naqada I
2351:King of
2287:15 April
2202:(eds.).
2132:(eds.).
2083:24 March
2005:(eds.).
1844:22 March
1829:for the
1778:(2012).
1744:(2009).
1701:25 March
1688:: 1–18.
1449:Aro 2023
874:Empire.
868:Ištuanda
848:Awarikus
783:Tarḫunza
697:𒁹𒌨𒁄𒀀
690:Urpalaʾa
656:Ουαρπλιο
650:Ourpalio
639:Pisidian
634:Ουρπαλας
628:Ourpalas
622:Ουρπαλος
616:Ourpalos
599:Cognates
575:𒋻𒄷𒉌𒀀
406:powerful
290:) was a
256:Religion
212:Akkadian
7263:Narsieh
7091:Zenobia
7072:Vistahm
7057:Kavad I
7051:Kavad I
7045:Peroz I
7033:Khosrow
6379:Deioces
6336:Wahibre
6324:Necho I
6217:Taharqa
6214:Shabaka
6198:Taharqa
6162:Teumman
6013:Rudamun
5755:Solomon
5694:Smendes
5615:Twosret
5609:Seti II
5350:Mitanni
5344:Khamudi
5298:Dynasty
5288:Dynasty
5278:Dynasty
5116:Nur-ili
5086:Lullaya
4989:dynasty
4941:Abraham
4831:Abisare
4796:Zambiya
4690:(Queen
4642:Amorite
4613:Kingdom
4587:Intef I
4554:Elamite
4541:Amorite
4530:Shu-Sin
4431:Tirigan
4400:Ur-Baba
4330:Nûr-Mêr
4268:Lu-gula
4264:Lu-Baba
4178:Ididish
4159:Kingdom
4156:Eblaite
4154:Second
4104:Menkare
3979:Shu-Sin
3975:Ishu-Il
3903:dynasty
3883:Pepi II
3816:(Queen
3702:Elamite
3653:Userkaf
3596:Akurgal
3525:Ku-Baba
3341:(Queen
3277:Mesilim
3212:Sanakht
3202:(First
3019:Zuqaqip
3016:Kalumum
3001:Kalibum
2997:Puannum
2954:Kingdom
2803:Anedjib
2787:Hor-Aha
2732:Nat-Hor
2665:Iry-Hor
2661:Shendjw
2633:Pen-Abu
2581:Susa II
2119:7 April
2068:(1–2).
2064:].
2021:Germany
1927:Germany
1676:(1–2).
1657:Sources
941:Midas.
841:Ḫilakku
821:of the
790:Vassals
673:Urpallâ
584:
554:
538:
516:
477:
434:
413:Hittite
400:
384:
376:
343:
302:in the
279:
230:Urpallâ
7489:
7442:
7412:
7054:Jamasp
7048:Balash
7006:Narseh
6917:Trajan
6915:under
6449:Xerxes
6385:Madyes
6249:Sargon
5709:Siamun
5612:Siptah
5597:Seti I
5581:Ugarit
5326:Semqen
5311:Hyksos
5283:Abydos
5176:Sabium
5083:Bazaya
5074:Libaya
5008:Asinum
5005:Rimush
4965:Yamhad
4857:(...)
4834:Sumuel
4825:Zabaia
4822:Samium
4819:Emisum
4720:Ikunum
4692:Shibtu
4633:Immeya
4524:Shulgi
4419:Ur-gar
4379:Ur-Utu
4246:Lagash
4125:Nikare
4037:Eshpum
4025:Rimush
3877:Pepi I
3712:tarana
3656:Sahure
3636:Hishur
3613:Balulu
3578:Lagash
3559:Mug-si
3552:Ensha-
3500:Sa'umu
3428:Khafre
3412:Snefru
3360:Mes-he
3307:Lugal-
3298:Lagash
3241:Sagisu
3193:Djoser
3102:Tizqar
3073:Aratta
3029:Arwium
3026:Mashda
2976:Jushur
2906:Senedj
2845:period
2777:Narmer
2727:Wazner
2702:Hsekiu
2697:Ny-Hor
2676:Narmer
2646:Canide
2637:Animal
2543:Susa I
2493:Lagash
2467:Akshak
2442:Canaan
2353:Tuwana
2324:
2257:
2243:Oxford
2222:
2208:Oxford
2187:
2152:
2138:Winona
2039:
2017:Berlin
1971:
1945:
1923:Berlin
1903:
1877:
1863:Leiden
1800:
1786:Oxford
1764:
1750:London
1730:
1716:London
959:Legacy
927:basalt
837:Ḫiyawa
796:Porsuk
684:) and
605:Lydian
440:strong
390:mighty
335:Luwian
300:Tuwana
292:Luwian
248:Father
190:Luwian
107:Tuwana
7528:Tabal
7254:Boran
7236:Boran
7123:Syria
6903:Syria
6898:Judea
6440:Cyrus
6158:Urtak
5751:David
5357:Kirta
5341:Apepi
5338:Khyan
5059:Adasi
5029:Adasi
4657:(...)
4404:Gudea
4366:Si'um
4315:Setut
4286:Khita
4272:Ka-ku
4213:Ilulu
4209:Nanum
4201:Igigi
3945:Ukush
3847:Nanni
3609:Elulu
3496:Ansud
3415:Khufu
3343:Puabi
3220:Khaba
3216:Nebka
3098:Zamug
3036:Balih
3032:Etana
2993:Babum
2780:Menes
2722:Neheb
2717:Thesh
2707:Khayu
2680:Menes
2641:Stork
2472:Akkad
2462:Assur
2437:Egypt
2432:dates
2326:Died:
2060:[
2011:[
1871:BRILL
921:Some
912:Midas
864:Atuna
758:Atuna
754:Tabal
725:Reign
625:) or
503:as a
415:term
337:name
239:House
180:Issue
113:Reign
7487:ISBN
7463:Per
7440:ISBN
7410:ISBN
6820:Musa
6510:and
6208:Piye
5972:Pami
5743:Saul
4668:Mari
4465:Uruk
4387:Umma
4282:Helu
4228:Uruk
4218:Dudu
3985:Uruk
3938:Mari
3901:Adab
3871:Teti
3782:Urur
3767:Kish
3677:Unas
3628:Tata
3624:Peli
3565:Umma
3546:Uruk
3536:Unzi
3516:Nizi
3375:Adab
3273:Uhub
3265:Kish
3228:Huni
3106:Ilku
3053:Uruk
3022:Atab
2969:Kish
2809:Qa'a
2793:Djet
2790:Djer
2745:Wash
2737:Mekh
2651:Bull
2628:Fish
2503:Elam
2487:Umma
2482:Adab
2477:Uruk
2457:Kish
2452:Mari
2447:Ebla
2289:2024
2255:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2121:2024
2098:Iraq
2085:2024
2037:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1875:ISBN
1846:2024
1798:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1703:2024
866:and
713:Life
701:and
581:lit.
551:lit.
535:lit.
513:lit.
474:lit.
463:-wa-
431:lit.
397:lit.
395:and
381:lit.
355:-wa-
333:The
324:Name
166:Died
153:Born
103:King
74:Hero
71:King
4666:of
4205:Imi
3691:Ush
2800:Den
2712:Tiu
2110:doi
2074:doi
1835:doi
1690:doi
903:or
709:).
659:).
313:to
298:of
105:of
94:Bor
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7454:^
7365:;
7277:,
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4764::
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4207:,
4203:,
3842:Ur
3820:)
3809:Il
3315:Ur
3104:,
3100:,
3075:")
2999:,
2995:,
2978:,
2881:Ba
2678:/
2668:Ka
2498:Ur
2365:c.
2358:c.
2329:c.
2280:.
2249::
2245:,
2241:.
2214::
2210:,
2206:.
2179::
2175:,
2144::
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2104:.
2102:72
2100:.
2096:.
2066:59
2054:.
2031::
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2023:;
2019:,
1997:;
1967:.
1963:.
1941:.
1937::
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1929:;
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1899:.
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955:.
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315:c.
308:c.
281:,
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