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and multi-religious state, as the territories of the
Commonwealth were inhabited by many generations of people from different ethnic backgrounds (Poles, Lithuanians, Ruthenian, Germans and Jews) and of different denominations (Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Jewish and even Muslim). "This country became what
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In
January the nobles signed a document in which representatives of all the major religions pledged each other mutual support and tolerance. A new political system was arising, aided by the confederation which contributed to its stability. Religious tolerance was an important factor in a multiethnic
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Certainly, the wording and substance of the declaration of the
Confederation of Warsaw of 28 January 1573 were extraordinary with regards to prevailing conditions elsewhere in Europe; and they governed the principles of religious life in the Republic for over two hundred
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from acting and to maintain the existing legal order. For that the citizens had to unconditionally abide by the decisions made by the body; and the confederation was a potent declaration that the two former states are still closely linked.
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Though it did not prevent all conflict based on religion, it did make the
Commonwealth a much safer and more tolerant place than most of contemporaneous Europe, especially during the subsequent
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This act was not imposed by a government or by consequences of war, but rather resulted from the actions of members of Polish-Lithuanian society. It was also influenced by the 1572 French
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called "a place of shelter for heretics". It was a place where the most radical religious sects, trying to escape persecution in other countries of the
Christian world, sought refuge.
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claimed he did so under the "threat of the sword"), and the future legal acts containing the articles of the
Confederation were signed by bishops with the stipulation: "
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365:"The Confederation of Warsaw of 28th of January 1573: Religious tolerance guaranteed | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
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231:, to the North and West. Its religious tolerance made it a welcome refuge for those escaping religious persecution elsewhere; in the words of Cardinal
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A. Jobert, La tolerance religieuse en
Pologne au XVIc siecle, Studi di onore di Ettore Lo Gato Giovanni Maver, Firenze 1962, pp. 337–343,
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gave official sanction to earlier customs. In that sense, they may be considered either the beginning or the peak of Polish tolerance.
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235:, it became "a place of shelter for heretics". The confederation legalized the previously unwritten customs of religious tolerance.
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was intended only for the nobility or also for the peasants and others; most historians favor the latter interpretation.
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This article is about the confederation for religious freedom. For the confederation against August II the Strong, see
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Stone, Daniel, The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386–1795, Seattle and London: University of
Washington Press, 2001.
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The articles of the Warsaw
Confederation were later incorporated into the
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that extended religious tolerance to nobility and free persons within the
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1573 statute on religious freedom in the Polish–Lithuanian
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and is considered the formal beginning of religious freedom in the
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Konfederacja warszawska 1573 roku wielka karta polskiej tolerancji
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379:"WARSAW CONFEDERATION: TOLERANCE IN THE NAME OF CIVIL LIBERTIES"
38:, signed on 28 January 1573 by the Polish national assembly (
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In 2003, the text of the Warsaw Confederation was added to
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1573 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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The people most involved in preparing the articles were
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Following the childless death of the last king of the
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Tolerance and Intolerance in the European Reformation
330:, "The Polish Way", New York, Hippocrene Books, 1987.
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Late-16th-century Poland stood between the Orthodox
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223:to the South, and Western Europe, torn between
46:, was one of the first European acts granting
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433:Ole-Peter Grell, Robert W. Scribner (eds.),
585:1573 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
422:UNESCO:The General Confederation of Warsaw
524:DWA BEZKRÓLEWIA — KONFEDERACJA WARSZAWSKA
483:, Warszawa Instytut Wydawniczy PAX 1980.
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30:Original act of the Warsaw Confederation
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104:. However, the articles signed by the
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170:was the only bishop who signed them (
87:in Poland had a long tradition (e.g.
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437:, Cambridge University Press, 2002,
176:excepto articulo confoederationis.
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570:History of Christianity in Poland
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238:There is debate as to whether
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63:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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575:History of religion in Poland
251:Memory of the World Programme
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560:Political history of Warsaw
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188:acts of the Sejm of 1587
506:Original text in Polish
479:M. Korolko, J. Tazbir,
565:Protestant Reformation
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168:Franciszek Krasiński
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290:Letter of Majesty
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306:References
211:Importance
156:Jan Firlej
516:Same here
59:Lithuania
527:Archived
509:Archived
274:See also
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117:szlachta
94:de facto
410:Sources
217:Muscovy
80:History
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