200:. At the heart of these devices was a small motor and crankshaft that converted a rotary motion into a forward-backward pumping motion to drive a small pump akin to those found in the small spray bottle-type squirt pistols. Stream performance was often not improved, but the motor removed the need to pump, which made the toys popular. The greatest fallbacks were that they wore out batteries quickly and that many trigger action blasters could outdo them, making motorized blasters the lowest class. However, their main strength—and consequent reason for dismissal—was their realistic styling. After some of these realistic-shaped water guns caused accidental shootings by police, stricter rules regarding shapes and coloring of water guns were drafted in the United States.
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This technology was first used on the Super Soaker SS 100. This allows the reservoir to be removed/opened at any time for refilling since the reservoir is not pressurized. As well, the typically smaller size of the pressure chamber and the fact that water is typically pumped, as opposed to air, reduces the average number of pumps needed to achieve functional pressure. For improved performance, some users opt to pre-pressurize the firing chamber by pumping in air first. This increases the starting pressure within the chamber, thus increasing the overall average pressure experienced by the water when it is pumped into the pressure chamber.
163:, fluid is drawn into the pump from a reservoir, then forced out the nozzle upon squeezing the trigger. The simplicity of the spraying mechanism allowed these toys to be manufactured cheaply, and allowed the majority of the body to be used as the reservoir. The primary limitation with this design is the volume of water that can be effectively moved per pump. Increasing pump volume would require more user effort to push the fluid out, making larger designs impractical. However, this technology remains widely used today both in spray bottles as well as small water guns that can be found in a wide variety of shapes and colors.
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priming/pre-pressurizing the pressure chamber with air or whether the pump is moving water into the pressure chamber. Akin to pre-pressurizing the
Separate Pressure Chamber water guns, the split air/water pressure chamber takes this one step further by preventing the accidental, undesired release of the pre-pressurized air by keeping it separated from the water by a sliding piston divider. After all the water is expelled from the pressure chamber, the sliding piston prevents loss of the pressurized air, thus reducing the number of times the water gun must be pumped in order to achieve optimal firing pressure.
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operated by the user, commonly activated by pulling on a trigger. As more air is pumped in, the air in the reservoir is compressed, increasing in pressure; the water is under pressure by the now compressed air. Upon opening the nozzle valve, the water is pushed out through the nozzle as the pressurized air attempts to re-equilibrate with atmospheric pressure. This system allows pumping energy to be stored and used as needed. As well, unlike the methods noted above, this air pressure system allows production of a uniform, continuous stream of water.
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247:(CPS), the rubber diaphragm system can be considered basically half of a CPS-pressure chamber. A sheet of elastic material (typically rubber) is clamped against a housing unit. Water is pumped into the chamber, expanding the bladder that pressurizes the water within. However, due to the shape of the bladder, its expansion is not as uniform as in the CPS system, thus it experiences more significant pressure dropoff as the pressure chamber empties.
264:. Though uncommon, there are blasters that utilize this technique. The Waterball series has a spring-based catapult mechanisms for launching balls of water out of its nozzle. The Water Warriors Steady Stream uses a spring-based mechanisms as a sort of water capacitor to allow this otherwise piston-based water gun to produce a constant stream of water so long as the user pumps quickly enough. Additionally, the
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The air-based separate pressure chamber or firing chamber system works on the same physical principle as the pressurized reservoir system, but instead of pressurizing the reservoir, a separate, fixed volume chamber is included on the water gun into which water is pumped, compressing the air inside.
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The limitation of this design is the need for a large number of strokes to pressurize a larger reservoir. As well, poorly sealed reservoirs would render a water gun useless. Moreover, these water guns cannot be refilled unless emptied and depressurized. Opening a pressurized reservoir blaster while
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A piston pumper is another version of this system. They are generally bigger than squirt guns and spray bottles. Piston pumpers do not have triggers. Instead, they fire by moving the pump back and forth. Although the piston pumper has greater output than squirt guns, they tend to be less powerful
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Akin to water droppers, the oldest known manufactured water guns utilized a simple rubber squeeze bulb into which water could be drawn, then forcibly expelled out the nozzle by squeezing the bulb rapidly. This design has inherent limitations regarding the amount of pressure that one can achieve
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In this system, a rotary pump is used to move rollers along a compressible piece of tubing. As the rollers move, they push water along the tubing. The force exerted by the pump is dependent both on the speed of rotation as well as the thickness of tubing used. True continuous streams cannot be
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brand of water guns, actually first employed by the Cosmic
Liquidator. In this device, a pump is used to push air into a partially water-filled reservoir. The reservoir is otherwise air-tight, but it has one valve to let the incoming air in from the pump as well as a manually controlled valve
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type. In essence, the water gun is made up primarily (sometimes exclusively) of the pumping mechanism that comprises an outer pump shaft with an inner pump-rod and water-tight seal. This allows water to be drawn into the pump as the pump is extended, then forcibly ejected out as the pump is
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While air based, the split air vs water pressure chamber has a sliding plunger that separates the compressed air from the water. This technology has so far only been seen on the Water
Warriors Aqua Master PreCharger Series. A button or lever is used to toggle whether the pump is
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uses an elongated bladder in its water blasters which, in combination with a special valve, enables shooting short bursts of water providing the impression of water bullets. The cylindrical bladder shape allows the pressure to be kept constant.
188:. This design requires a bucket-type filling source. Other models, like the Super Soaker Power Soaker Mighty Cannon and Water Warriors Steady Stream, have check valves and a reservoir for portability.
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produced since the physical presence of the rollers means there will be partial gaps in the flow. However, if pumping is done quickly enough, the end result is a virtually smooth stream.
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During the 1980s, the motorized water gun was perhaps at its most prolific. Companies such as
Entertech and Larami created water guns modeled after guns popularized in movies such as
243:"Hydro Power" is a term coined by Buzz Bee Toys, referring initially to their series of water guns that employed an elastic rubber bladder to pressurize water. Similar to the Larami
90:. While the oldest surviving example of a squirt gun dates to J.W. Wolff's June 30, 1896 patent, the oldest known reference to a squirt gun is dated thirty-five years prior, with
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compressed. Stream performance is dependent on the user's strength. Some models, like the Super Soaker Power Soaker Jr. and Stream
Machines draw in and expel water from their
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there is pressure remaining in the system can result in copious local water spray or even an unexpected launch of the water gun and/or reservoir out of one's hands.
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systems have also been used in some water guns models, most notably the original Shield
Blaster water guns by
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Historically, water guns were made of metal and used rubber squeeze bulbs to load and propel water through a
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There are also a number of water guns that employ a variety of pressurization systems to propel water.
155:. In this type of device, the trigger actuates a positive displacement pump shaft. With the aid of two
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Quick Blast employs a spring-based firing chamber to propel its stream forward.
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Google
Patents, United States Patent No. US563114A, June 30, 1896.
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68:, the primary purpose of the toy is to soak another person in a
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PDF of John Water Wolff's June 30, 1896 patent for "Water Gun"
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109:, import regulations and domestic laws have required
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117:to make them harder to mistake for actual
113:to be made of clear or tinted transparent
396:Samuel M. Bowman and Richard B. Irwin,
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16:Type of toy gun designed to shoot water
32:A young girl playing with a water gun
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221:Air separate pressure/firing chamber
175:Another simple method employed is a
133:Cross section of a typical water gun
230:Split air vs water pressure chamber
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208:This type was made famous by the
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522:"Aqua MAster PreCharger Series"
595:"Water Warriors Steady Stream"
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524:. iSoaker.com. Archived from
476:. iSoaker.com. Archived from
450:. iSoaker.com. Archived from
167:than pressurized water guns.
239:Rubber diaphragm/hydro power
548:"EP3901558A1 WASSERPISTOLE"
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617:"Super Soaker Quick Blast"
448:"Soaker Technology Basics"
411:"Digital Water Gun Museum"
92:General William T. Sherman
23:Water gun (disambiguation)
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398:Sherman and His Campaigns
354:"Oldest Known Water Guns"
204:Air pressurized reservoir
101:For several years in the
245:Constant Pressure System
500:"The Cosmic Liquidator"
400:(New York, 1865), 25.
192:Motorized small piston
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653:Super Soaker Central
649:at Wikimedia Commons
159:, often using small
21:For other uses, see
480:on January 19, 2009
573:"Water Ball SL175"
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478:the original
474:"Larami Uzi"
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456:. Retrieved
452:the original
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302:Water fight
111:squirt guns
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683:Water toys
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663:Waterworks
647:Water guns
336:References
249:Spyra GmbH
50:squirt gun
552:Espacenet
322:Entertech
96:secession
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312:Assassin
296:See also
119:firearms
75:such as
262:springs
256:Springs
186:nozzles
177:syringe
115:plastic
86:like a
54:toy gun
281:Mattel
181:piston
107:Canada
84:nozzle
198:Rambo
125:Types
62:water
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