1633:
labeled as
Exhibit 60, was marked "Secret Service" and the other, Exhibit 60B, was accompanied by a foot pedal. The panel determined that the buzz was of no consequence and that the gap was the result of an erasure performed on the Exhibit 60 recorder. The panel also determined that the recording consisted of at least five separate segments, possibly as many as nine, and that at least five segments required hand operation; that is, they could not have been performed using the foot pedal. The panel was subsequently asked by the court to consider alternative explanations that had emerged during the hearings. The final report, dated May 31, 1974, found that these other explanations did not contradict the original findings.
1729:" tape, documented the initial stages of the Watergate coverup. On it, Nixon and Haldeman are heard formulating a plan to block investigations by having the CIA falsely claim to the FBI that national security was involved. This demonstrated both that Nixon had been told of the White House connection to the Watergate burglaries soon after they took place, and that he had approved plans to thwart the investigation. In a statement accompanying the release of the tape, Nixon accepted blame for misleading the country about when he had been told of White House involvement, stating that he had a lapse of memory.
655:
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1610:, Nixon's White House Counsel John Dean suggests that the full collection of recordings now available "largely answer the questions regarding what was known by the White House about the reasons for the break-in and bugging at the Democratic National Committee headquarters, as well as what was erased during the infamous 18 minute and 30 second gap during the June 20, 1972, conversation and why."
865:
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recorder's controls, though Haig could not say whether the erasures had occurred inadvertently or intentionally. In 1973, Haig had speculated aloud that the erasure was caused by an unidentified "sinister force." Others have suggested that Haig was involved in deliberately erasing the tapes with Nixon's involvement, or that the erasure was conducted by a White House lawyer.
815:, which was Nixon's favorite room in the White House. Telephone conversations were recorded by tapping the telephone lines from the White House switchboard and relaying the conversations to recorders in a closet in the basement of the residence. All audio equipment was sound-activated, except in the Cabinet Room. All locations in the White House were activated by the
795:, Nixon ordered the system removed, but during the first two years of his presidency he came to the conclusion (after trying other means) that audio recordings were the only way to ensure a full and faithful account of conversations and decisions. At Nixon's request, Haldeman and his staff—including Deputy Assistant Alexander Butterfield—worked with the
1561:, she answered a phone call. Reaching for the Uher 5000 stop button, she said that she mistakenly hit the button next to it, the record button. For the duration of the phone call, about five minutes, she kept her foot on the device's pedal, causing a five-minute portion of the tape to be rerecorded. When she listened to the tape, the gap had grown to
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discussion were the arrests at the
Watergate Hotel. White House lawyers first heard of the gap on the evening of November 14, 1973, and Judge Sirica, who had issued subpoenas for the tapes, was not told until November 21, after the president's attorneys had decided that there was "no innocent explanation" they could offer.
1707:
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Woods was asked to demonstrate the position in which she was sitting when the accident occurred. Seated at a desk, she reached far back over her left shoulder for a telephone as her foot applied pressure to the pedal controlling the transcription machine. Her posture during the demonstration, dubbed
1774:
The legal disputes would continue for 25 years, past Nixon's death in 1994. He initially lost several cases, but the courts ruled in 1998 that some 820 hours and 42 million pages of documents were his personal private property that must be returned to his estate. However, as Nixon had been dead for
1675:
subpoenaed the tapes of 42 White House conversations. Later that month, Nixon released more than 1,200 pages of edited transcripts of the subpoenaed tapes, but refused to surrender the actual tapes, claiming executive privilege once more. The
Judiciary Committee rejected Nixon's edited transcripts,
1640:
owns the tape and has tried several times to recover the missing minutes, most recently in 2003, but without success. The tapes are now preserved in a climate-controlled vault in case future technology allows for restoration of the missing audio. Corporate security expert Phil
Mellinger undertook a
1632:
On
November 21, 1973, Sirica appointed a panel of persons nominated jointly by the White House and the Special Prosecution Force. The panel was supplied with the evidence tape, the seven tape recorders from the Oval Office and Executive Office Building and the two Uher 5000 recorders. One recorder,
810:
and the following year microphones were installed in the presidential lodge at Camp David. The system was installed and monitored by the Secret
Service, and the tapes were stored in a room in the White House basement. Significant phone lines were tapped as well, including those in the Oval Office,
1745:
estimated that no more than 15 senators were willing to even consider acquittal. Facing certain impeachment in the House of
Representatives and equally certain conviction in the Senate, Nixon announced his resignation on the evening of Thursday, August 8, 1974, effective as of noon the next day.
1708:
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speculated that the erasures may conceivably have been caused by Nixon himself. According to Haig, the president was "spectacularly inept" at understanding and operating mechanical devices, and in the course of reviewing the tape in question, he may have caused the erasures by fumbling with the
1578:
The contents missing from the recording remain unknown, though the gap occurs during a conversation between Nixon and
Haldeman three days after the Watergate break-in. Nixon claimed not to know the topics discussed during the gap. Haldeman's notes from the meeting show that among the topics of
1758:
of 1974. From the time that the federal government seized his records until his death, Nixon was locked in frequent legal battles over control of the tapes. He argued that the 1974 act was unconstitutional because it violated the constitutional principles of
1465:, on July 13, 1973, in an interview with White House aide Alexander Butterfield. Three days later, it was made public during the televised testimony of Butterfield, when he was asked about the possibility of a White House taping system by Senate Counsel
1679:
Sirica, acting on a request from
Jaworski, issued a subpoena for the tapes of 64 presidential conversations to use as evidence in the criminal cases against indicted former Nixon administration officials. Nixon refused, and Jaworski appealed to the
1732:
Once the "Smoking Gun" transcript was made public, Nixon's political support practically vanished. The ten
Republicans on the House Judiciary Committee who had voted against impeachment in committee announced that they would now vote for
2958:
2917:
1602:
In a grand jury interview in 1975, Nixon said that he initially believed that only four minutes of the tape were missing. He said that when he later heard that 18 minutes were missing, "I practically blew my stack."
2191:
1472:
On July 16, 1973, Butterfield told the committee in a televised hearing that Nixon had ordered a taping system installed in the White House to automatically record all conversations. Special Counsel
1529:
review and summarize the tapes for accuracy and report his findings to the special prosecutor's office. Cox refused the compromise and on Saturday, October 20, 1973, Nixon ordered Attorney General
826:, and the Secret Service technicians who had installed it. The recordings were produced on as many as nine Sony TC-800B machines using very thin 0.5 mil (12.7 μm) tape at the slow speed of
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611:
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819:'s "First Family Locator" system: when an officer notified the system that the president was in the Oval Office, the taping machinery switched on, ready to record when triggered by sound.
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100:
1980:
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and subsequent visit to the Soviet Union. Only 200 of the 3,500 hours contain references to Watergate and less than 5% of the recorded material has been transcribed or published.
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3608:
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4343:
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3378:"EOB Tape of June 20, 1972: Report on a Technical Investigation Conducted for the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by the Advisory Panel on White House Tapes"
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306:
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3999:
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1557:, on September 29, 1973, she was reviewing a tape of the June 20, 1972, recordings, when she made "a terrible mistake" during transcription. While playing the tape on a
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found that President Nixon was incorrect in arguing that courts are compelled to honor, without question, any presidential claim of executive privilege.
134:
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Nixon himself launched the first investigation into how the tapes were erased. He claimed that it was an intensive investigation but came up empty.
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By design, only very few individuals (apart from Nixon and Haldeman) knew of the existence of the taping system: Butterfield, Haldeman's assistant
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1786:. The facility now houses the tapes and periodically releases additional tapes to the public that are available online and in the public domain.
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1964:
229:
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82:
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The tapes contain about 3,700 hours of conversation. Hundreds of hours are of discussions on foreign policy, including planning for the
631:
616:
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562:
535:
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206:
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1802:
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4283:
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Bolt, Richard H.; Cooper, Franklin S.; Flanagan, James L.; McKniqht, John G.; Stockham Jr., Thomas G.; Weiss, Mark R. (May 31, 1974).
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129:
77:
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329:
279:
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After Nixon's resignation, the federal government took control of all of his presidential records, including the tapes, under the
735:
hearings. Nixon was not the first president to record his White House conversations; some taping was done by every president from
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before the U.S. Senate Watergate Committee in 1973. Nixon's refusal to comply with a subpoena for the tapes was the basis for an
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four years at the time of the court ruling, it may have been a moot development after years of legal battles over the tapes.
414:
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339:
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1937:
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Nixon initially refused to release the tapes, putting two reasons forward: first, that the Constitutional principle of
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within the Constitution, and second, claiming they were vital to national security. On October 19, 1973, he offered a
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40:
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was asked to fire Cox but also refused and resigned. Solicitor General and acting head of the Justice Department
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349:
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On February 16, 1971, a taping system was installed in two rooms in the White House, the Oval Office and the
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731:. The system was turned off on July 18, 1973, two days after it became public knowledge as a result of the
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On July 11, 2007, the National Archives was granted official control of the previously privately operated
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445:
397:
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the "Rose Mary Stretch", caused many political commentators to question the validity of the explanation.
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once the matter reached the House floor. He lacked substantial support in the Senate as well; Senators
2032:
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3886:
1514:
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1028:
812:
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and concealed microphones. The system was expanded to include other rooms within the White House and
697:
648:
3439:
2579:
1461:
The existence of the White House taping system was first confirmed by Senate Committee staff member
761:
released the final 340 hours of the tapes that cover the period from April 9 through July 12, 1973.
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4315:
3808:
2945:
2790:
2307:
2245:
1764:
1534:
1518:
1510:
1489:
1402:
1242:
1057:
985:
980:
906:
375:
2606:
Idiots, Hypocrites, Demagogues, and More Idiots: Not-So-Great Moments in Modern American Politics.
2454:
4587:
3044:
2062:
1681:
1522:
1434:
1410:
1216:
1150:
911:
1575:
minutes. She later insisted that she was not responsible for the remaining 13 minutes of buzz.
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3521:
3511:
3475:
3456:
3417:
3398:
3255:
3052:
2950:
2830:
2734:
2619:
1972:
1713:
Nixon Oval Office meeting with H.R. Haldeman (the "Smoking Gun" conversation), June 23, 1972 (
1689:
1530:
1077:
1072:
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870:
854:
785:
724:
705:
701:
568:
427:
3563:
2765:
4158:
3840:
3816:
3321:
3080:
2003:"WashingtonPost.com: President Taped Talks, Phone Calls; Lawyer Ties Ehrlichman to Payments"
1810:
1693:
1613:
A variety of suggestions have been made as to who could have erased the tape. Years later,
1231:
1067:
1018:
471:
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1832:
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1309:
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380:
299:
289:
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The White House released the subpoenaed tapes on August 5. One tape, later known as the "
2850:
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Rose Mary Woods attempting to demonstrate how she may have inadvertently created the gap
3824:
3801:
3787:
2825:
2820:
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1462:
1358:
1201:
1135:
1130:
1110:
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364:
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151:
788:, had installed a system to record his meetings and telephone calls. According to his
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1100:
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773:
754:
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344:
107:
95:
55:
3472:
Chasing Shadows: The Nixon Tapes, the Chennault Affair, and the Origins of Watergate
4078:
2816:
1558:
1533:
to fire Cox. Richardson refused and resigned instead, then Deputy Attorney General
1299:
1236:
1206:
784:
Just prior to assuming office in January 1969, Nixon learned that his predecessor,
311:
3539:
4193:
3794:
3723:
2941:"The missing 18 1/2 minutes: Presidential destruction of incriminating evidence"
2403:
1538:
1481:
1377:
1226:
1183:
1125:
777:
716:
712:
250:
864:
17:
4149:
3879:
2370:"WashingtonPost.com: Nixon Forces Firing of Cox; Richardson, Ruckelshaus Quit"
2122:
1742:
1582:
1140:
1052:
806:. Three months later, microphones were added to Nixon's private office in the
728:
497:
245:
3351:
3171:
2954:
2738:
1976:
2883:. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives.
2303:"President Refuses to Turn Over Tapes; Ervin Committee, Cox Issue Subpoenas"
1492:
1304:
1261:
1115:
742:
The system was mentioned during the televised testimony of White House aide
3525:
3108:"Goldwater Expects Only a 'Hard Core' Of Senate Votes for Acquitting Nixon"
1684:
to force Nixon to turn over the tapes. On July 24, 1974, the Supreme Court
4006:
1485:
3451:
Not Above the Law: the battles of Watergate prosecutors Cox and Jaworski
3284:"Federal Archivists Take Control of Nixon Library – washingtonpost.com"
3168:"Nixon v. Administrator of General Services – Case Brief – Nixon Tapes"
2910:"Court Orders Nixon to Yield Tapes; President Promises to Comply Fully"
2491:
1641:
project to restore Haldeman's handwritten notes describing the missing
711:
In February 1971, a sound-activated taping system was installed in the
1590:
1655:
minutes, but that effort also failed to produce any new information.
2791:"National Archives Releases Forensic Report on H.R. Haldeman Notes"
3014:"The Smoking Gun That Took Down Nixon: One From the History Books"
1704:
1662:
1589:
1581:
768:
3223:
723:
TC-800B open-reel tape recorders to capture audio transmitted by
2273:"WashingtonPost.com: Court Battle Set as Nixon Defies Subpoenas"
720:
3590:
3350:. National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from
3320:. National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from
2727:"National Archives Has Given Up On Filling the Nixon Tape Gap"
3544:
1965:"Secret Oval Office Recordings by Roosevelt in '40 Disclosed"
3549:
1480:
under President John F. Kennedy, asked District Court Judge
1692:
recused himself because he had worked for attorney general
750:
against him, and led to his resignation on August 9, 1974.
4459:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
2123:"The Nixon Tapes: Secret Recordings from the White House"
2121:
Doyle, Kate; Sodano, Ron; Rushay, Sam (August 18, 2003).
692:
Audio recordings of conversations between U.S. President
4526:
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972
4323:
Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
3224:"Historian's work gives a glimpse of Nixon 'unplugged'"
4372:
Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act
2620:"Truth in a Lie: Forty Years After the 18½ Minute Gap"
2487:"Nixon nearly 'blew my stack' over Watergate tape gap"
1756:
Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act
4224:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3226:. University of Wisconsin-Madison. November 8, 2011.
2982:"Watergate 'smoking gun' tape released, Aug. 5, 1974"
1914:. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
1767:
and infringed on his personal privacy rights and the
3194:"Three-year legal battle on Nixon tapes nearing end"
3051:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 414–416.
2098:. Richard Nixon Presidential Library. Archived from
1688:
Nixon to release the tapes. The 8–0 ruling (Justice
4563:
4388:
4344:
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972
4148:
4000:
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants
3947:
3770:
3625:
3550:"Easy Nixon" accessible database of the Nixon Tapes
2485:Jeremy Pelofsky; James Vicini (November 10, 2011).
1940:. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
1676:saying that they did not comply with the subpoena.
3503:
3448:
3012:
708:in 1973 and 1974, leading to Nixon's resignation.
3474:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
3073:"Refusal-to-Resign Speech Was Prepared for Nixon"
2651:"Cracking Watergate's Infamous 18 1/2 Minute Gap"
3432:"The Crisis: The Secretary and the Tapes Tangle"
2715:Advisory Panel on White House Tapes (1974) p. iv
2706:Advisory Panel on White House Tapes (1974) p. 44
2697:Advisory Panel on White House Tapes (1974) p. 36
2688:Advisory Panel on White House Tapes (1974) p. 11
2426:"The Crisis: The Secretary and the Tapes Tangle"
1488:nine relevant tapes to confirm the testimony of
4489:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
4351:Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973
2851:"A burglary turns into a constitutional crisis"
2829:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 124.
2679:Advisory Panel on White House Tapes (1974) p. 4
2402:. Watergate.info. June 17, 1972. Archived from
4173:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
1525:; Nixon proposed that Democratic U.S. Senator
1047:Committee for the Re-Election of the President
765:History of the Nixon White House taping system
4231:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
3602:
2550:"Rose Mary Woods Dies; Loyal Nixon Secretary"
1442:
673:
8:
3412:Brinkley, Douglas; Nichter, Luke A. (2015).
3393:Brinkley, Douglas; Nichter, Luke A. (2014).
1638:National Archives and Records Administration
759:National Archives and Records Administration
4445:Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act
4058:Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973
4023:Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974
2480:
2478:
2476:
4291:Securities Investor Protection Corporation
3609:
3595:
3587:
3251:"Court Rules Some Nixon Tapes are Private"
2178:
2176:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
1449:
1435:
1009:Master list of Nixon's political opponents
850:
680:
666:
31:
4734:Government documents of the United States
4261:Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act
3200:. The Rome News-Tribune. April 21, 1977.
2215:"The Untapped Secrets of the Nixon Tapes"
929:Impeachment process against Richard Nixon
4030:Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
3580:) is being considered for deletion. See
3455:. New York: William Morrow and Company.
2149:"About Nixon's Secret White House Tapes"
124:36th Vice President of the United States
4554:Water Resources Development Act of 1974
4379:Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act
4268:Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
4247:U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
3230:from the original on September 30, 2014
2548:Sullivan, Patricia (January 24, 2005).
2184:"Nixon Lawyer Balks At Releasing Tapes"
1794:
955:
878:
853:
34:
4452:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
4130:Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970
3148:from the original on November 25, 2016
3025:from the original on November 12, 2020
2861:from the original on November 26, 2020
2529:from the original on November 11, 2012
2380:from the original on September 3, 2018
2350:from the original on December 31, 2016
2283:from the original on December 31, 2016
2241:"The man who revealed the Nixon tapes"
1843:from the original on February 17, 2018
811:Old Executive Office Building and the
4408:Environmental Quality Improvement Act
4180:Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970
4065:Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
3416:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
3397:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
3294:from the original on January 23, 2019
3138:"The Watergate Story | Nixon Resigns"
3087:from the original on February 6, 2020
2992:from the original on December 6, 2022
2904:
2902:
2887:from the original on October 19, 2019
2661:from the original on December 8, 2015
2649:Mellinger, Phil (February 18, 2011).
2630:from the original on December 8, 2015
2461:from the original on February 9, 2017
2449:
2447:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2315:from the original on January 13, 2017
2069:from the original on October 23, 2013
1963:Bennetts, Leslie (January 14, 1982).
1938:"The JFK White House Tape Recordings"
1673:U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary
1545:special counsel on November 1, 1973.
700:officials, Nixon family members, and
27:1971–73 recordings by President Nixon
7:
3970:Minority Business Development Agency
3564:Transcript of the "Smoking Gun" tape
3249:Wagner, Michael G. (April 1, 1998).
3204:from the original on August 15, 2020
2455:"Watergate Tape Gap Still A Mystery"
2194:from the original on August 12, 2012
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1513:extends to the tapes and citing the
4512:Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
4277:Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act
3984:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
3915:Prevention of Nuclear War Agreement
3438:. December 10, 1973. Archived from
2961:from the original on March 23, 2023
2920:from the original on March 14, 2017
2608:Bloomsbury Publishing, 2007. p. 30
2586:from the original on April 12, 2015
2519:"Haig Tells of Theories on Erasure"
2499:from the original on March 10, 2016
2129:from the original on August 5, 2020
2043:from the original on April 10, 2019
182:37th President of the United States
4365:Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act
4284:Securities Investor Protection Act
4217:Occupational Safety and Health Act
4201:Economic Stabilization Act of 1970
4123:District of Columbia Home Rule Act
3489:Kissinger, Henry (March 8, 1982).
3314:"Nixon White House Tapes – Online"
3282:Flaccus, Gillian (July 12, 2007).
3263:from the original on July 15, 2012
3118:from the original on June 22, 2022
3106:Waldron, Martin (August 8, 1974).
3049:Nixon: Ruin and Recovery 1973–1990
2096:"History of the White House Tapes"
2063:"Final Nixon tapes to be released"
1983:from the original on July 10, 2018
1892:from the original on July 12, 2018
1833:"Nixon White House Tape Recorders"
1803:"Nixon White House Tapes – Online"
25:
4480:Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970
4415:National Environmental Policy Act
3584:to help reach a consensus. ›
2797:from the original on June 1, 2012
2745:from the original on May 27, 2015
2580:"Thoughts on Nixon's resignation"
2560:from the original on May 13, 2011
2253:from the original on May 16, 2017
2239:Shepard, Alicia (June 14, 2012).
2125:. The National Security Archive.
2013:from the original on May 16, 2017
1944:from the original on June 5, 2024
1918:from the original on June 6, 2024
1912:"Presidential Recordings Project"
739:through Nixon, starting in 1940.
167:1962 California gubernatorial bid
4466:New Source Performance Standards
4401:Council on Environmental Quality
3540:Richard Nixon Library and Museum
2980:Glass, Andrew (August 5, 2018).
2340:"Watergate and the Constitution"
1780:Richard Nixon Library and Museum
863:
653:
647:
487:Center for the National Interest
39:
4503:Coastal Zone Management Program
4424:Environmental Protection Agency
4187:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973
4102:Federal Contested Elections Act
4086:Drug Enforcement Administration
4044:End Stage Renal Disease Program
3559:Miller Center of Public Affairs
3555:Watergate tapes and transcripts
3011:Martin, Andrew (May 16, 2017).
1667:Nixon releasing the transcripts
1553:According to Nixon's secretary
1478:United States Solicitor General
1315:U.S. Senate Watergate Committee
847:Revelation of the taping system
799:to install a recording system.
733:U.S. Senate Watergate Committee
482:Presidential Library and Museum
4540:Endangered Species Act of 1973
4533:Endangered Species Act of 1969
4137:Congressional Research Service
3717:VP confirmation of Gerald Ford
2939:Kopel, David (June 16, 2014).
2881:"Nixon to Rodino: Description"
1387:Mark Felt: The Man who Brought
836:inch (24 mm) per second.
1:
4358:Federal Energy Administration
4109:Federal Election Campaign Act
3894:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
3344:"Nixon White House Tapes FAQ"
2213:Evan Thomas (July 29, 2014).
1882:"The Nixon White House Tapes"
808:Old Executive Office Building
340:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
4519:Marine Mammal Protection Act
4431:Clean Air Amendments of 1970
4051:Supplemental Security Income
3993:Education Amendments of 1972
3491:"Watergate: The Smoking Gun"
2725:Clymer, Adam (May 9, 2003).
2033:"Nixon impeachment articles"
1594:Uher 5000 with evidence tags
1338:Frank Wills (security guard)
817:Executive Protective Service
797:United States Secret Service
410:Marine Mammal Protection Act
355:Minority Business Enterprise
4739:Presidency of Richard Nixon
4496:Coastal Zone Management Act
4254:Consumer Product Safety Act
4037:National Cancer Act of 1971
3675:1970 Lincoln Memorial visit
3618:Presidency of Richard Nixon
3577:Presidency of Richard Nixon
3506:The White House Transcripts
1541:fired Cox. Nixon appointed
946:Inauguration of Gerald Ford
892:Presidency of Richard Nixon
603:Vice presidential campaigns
4770:
4729:1970s in the United States
4658:Senate Watergate Committee
4238:Permissible exposure limit
4016:Rehabilitation Act of 1973
3761:Presidential Proclamations
3510:. New York: Viking Press.
3395:The Nixon Tapes: 1971–1972
2037:academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu
1615:White House Chief of Staff
1502:
1343:James F. Neal (prosecutor)
917:1972 presidential election
4690:
4547:Oil Pollution Act of 1973
4166:Fair Credit Reporting Act
3963:Revised Philadelphia Plan
3922:Threshold Test Ban Treaty
235:Appointment controversies
130:Eisenhower administration
4697:← Johnson administration
4330:Agricultural Act of 1970
3873:1973 Chilean coup d'état
3582:templates for discussion
3170:. Lawnix. Archived from
753:On August 19, 2013, the
388:1973 Chilean coup d'état
230:Supreme Court candidates
225:Appointed federal judges
96:House of Representatives
48:This article is part of
4749:United States documents
4595:Saturday Night Massacre
4337:Farm Credit Act of 1971
4307:Alternative minimum tax
3502:Nixon, Richard (1974).
1784:Yorba Linda, California
1671:On April 11, 1974, the
1505:Saturday Night Massacre
1499:Saturday Night Massacre
1349:All the President's Men
923:Saturday Night Massacre
902:Nixon White House tapes
715:, including in Nixon's
506:Death and state funeral
172:"Last press conference"
4649:United States v. Nixon
4300:Tax Reform Act of 1969
3977:Native American policy
3956:Family Assistance Plan
2374:www.washingtonpost.com
2277:www.washingtonpost.com
2158:University of Virginia
2007:www.washingtonpost.com
1771:right of association.
1722:
1699:United States v. Nixon
1668:
1595:
1587:
1256:Intelligence community
935:United States v. Nixon
781:
748:article of impeachment
515:Presidential campaigns
446:United States v. Nixon
415:Endangered Species Act
4706:Ford administration →
4208:Smithsonian Agreement
3731:Judicial appointments
3447:Doyle, James (1977).
3442:on September 3, 2007.
3414:The Nixon Tapes: 1973
3083:. December 16, 1996.
1712:
1666:
1593:
1585:
1106:Alexander Butterfield
772:
744:Alexander Butterfield
737:Franklin D. Roosevelt
405:Mideast Peace Process
220:Judicial appointments
4611:White House Plumbers
3470:Hughes, Ken (2014).
3174:on February 17, 2012
2525:. December 7, 1973.
2400:"Watergate Burglars"
1813:on December 15, 2016
1807:www.nixonlibrary.gov
1761:separation of powers
1515:separation of powers
1419:White House Plumbers
1389:Down the White House
1282:James R. Schlesinger
1029:White House Plumbers
1014:Nixon's Enemies List
813:Lincoln Sitting Room
704:surfaced during the
698:Nixon administration
161:Post-vice presidency
4665:impeachment process
4581:Operation Sandwedge
4316:Revenue Act of 1971
4116:1970 VRA Amendments
3864:Shanghai Communiqué
3857:1972 visit to China
3809:Paris Peace Accords
3781:International trips
3661:Second inauguration
3288:The Washington Post
3142:The Washington Post
3077:The Washington Post
3045:Ambrose, Stephen E.
2946:The Washington Post
2582:. August 10, 2014.
2554:The Washington Post
2523:The Washington Post
2432:. December 10, 1973
2346:. August 15, 2016.
2308:The Washington Post
2246:The Washington Post
2188:The Chicago Tribune
2102:on October 15, 2011
1888:. August 15, 2016.
1765:executive privilege
1535:William Ruckelshaus
1519:checks and balances
1511:executive privilege
1490:White House Counsel
1320:Impeachment process
1243:The Washington Post
1058:Jeb Stuart Magruder
986:James W. McCord Jr.
907:Operation Sandwedge
841:1972 visit to China
422:Impeachment process
376:Paris Peace Accords
263:International trips
90:Pre-vice presidency
4588:Operation Gemstone
3887:1972 Moscow Summit
3643:First inauguration
3112:The New York Times
2731:The New York Times
2655:Forensics Magazine
2624:Washington Decoded
2190:. April 26, 1994.
2161:. February 2, 2017
1969:The New York Times
1723:
1682:U.S. Supreme Court
1669:
1659:"Smoking Gun" tape
1596:
1588:
1217:Harry M. Rosenfeld
1151:Gordon C. Strachan
965:Watergate burglars
941:Resignation speech
912:Operation Gemstone
782:
454:Resignation speech
4754:Watergate scandal
4716:
4715:
4641:White House tapes
4632:list of opponents
4473:Noise Control Act
4072:Shafer Commission
3938:Space exploration
3908:Washington Summit
3802:Cambodian bombing
3710:1974 SOTU Address
3703:1973 SOTU Address
3696:1972 SOTU Address
3689:1971 SOTU Address
3682:1970 SOTU Address
3651:Bring Us Together
3481:978-0-8139-3663-5
3423:978-0-544-61053-8
3404:978-0-544-27415-0
3354:on March 19, 2016
3256:Los Angeles Times
3058:978-0-671-69188-2
2857:. June 16, 2004.
2618:Robenalt, James.
2406:on April 20, 2012
2344:National Archives
1886:National Archives
1710:
1690:William Rehnquist
1608:The Nixon Defense
1606:In his 2014 book
1531:Elliot Richardson
1459:
1458:
1422:(2023 miniseries)
1398:(2019 board game)
1078:Hugh W. Sloan Jr.
1073:Kenneth Parkinson
976:Virgilio Gonzalez
871:Watergate complex
856:Watergate scandal
786:Lyndon B. Johnson
706:Watergate scandal
702:White House staff
690:
689:
569:Bring Us Together
428:Watergate scandal
350:Philadelphia Plan
78:Electoral history
65:
64:
16:(Redirected from
4761:
4709:
4700:
4683:
4676:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4643:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4309:
4302:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4159:Bank Secrecy Act
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3940:
3933:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3843:
3836:
3827:
3820:
3817:Peace with Honor
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3763:
3756:
3754:Executive Orders
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3638:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3588:
3566:– watergate.info
3529:
3509:
3498:
3485:
3466:
3454:
3443:
3427:
3408:
3388:
3382:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3348:nixonlibrary.gov
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3324:on March 8, 2016
3318:nixonlibrary.gov
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3016:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2793:. Archives.gov.
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2766:"CSI: Watergate"
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2615:
2609:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2482:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2336:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2092:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1878:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1809:. Archived from
1799:
1719:nixonlibrary.gov
1711:
1694:John N. Mitchell
1654:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1232:Katharine Graham
1068:John N. Mitchell
1019:Watergate Babies
981:Eugenio Martínez
958:
867:
857:
851:
835:
834:
830:
682:
675:
668:
657:
656:
651:
472:Nixon interviews
330:End of the draft
147:Motorcade attack
140:2nd inauguration
135:1st inauguration
61:
60:
58:
51:
43:
36:
35:
32:
21:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4703:
4694:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4663:
4656:
4646:
4639:
4630:
4623:
4618:Watergate Seven
4616:
4609:
4602:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4438:Clean Water Act
4436:
4429:
4422:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4305:
4298:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:Economic policy
4144:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:Cannabis policy
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3948:Domestic policy
3943:
3936:
3931:Operation CHAOS
3929:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3862:
3855:
3850:Tar Baby option
3848:
3839:
3834:Cold War period
3832:
3823:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3668:Silent majority
3666:
3659:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3621:
3615:
3585:
3536:
3518:
3501:
3488:
3482:
3469:
3463:
3446:
3430:
3424:
3411:
3405:
3392:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3370:Further reading
3367:
3357:
3355:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3205:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2914:Washington Post
2908:
2907:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2821:Bernstein, Carl
2815:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2604:Slansky, Paul.
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2484:
2483:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1769:First Amendment
1752:
1750:Post-presidency
1739:Barry Goldwater
1715:Full Transcript
1705:
1661:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1627:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1555:Rose Mary Woods
1551:
1527:John C. Stennis
1507:
1501:
1455:
1426:
1425:
1388:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1310:Peter W. Rodino
1295:
1287:
1286:
1272:L. Patrick Gray
1257:
1249:
1248:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1156:Rose Mary Woods
1146:G. Gordon Liddy
1121:John Ehrlichman
1096:
1088:
1087:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1024:Watergate Seven
1004:
996:
995:
966:
956:
951:
950:
887:
874:
855:
849:
832:
828:
827:
767:
686:
654:
652:
645:
644:
643:
604:
600:
599:
598:
516:
512:
511:
510:
467:
466:Post-presidency
463:
424:
419:
381:decent interval
372:
369:
326:
323:
319:Native American
300:Legacy of Parks
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183:
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162:
158:
157:
156:
125:
121:
120:
119:
91:
87:
56:
54:
53:
52:
49:
47:
28:
23:
22:
18:Watergate tapes
15:
12:
11:
5:
4767:
4765:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4744:Audio evidence
4741:
4736:
4731:
4721:
4720:
4714:
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4711:
4710:
4701:
4691:
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3890:
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3869:
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3867:
3853:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:Linkage policy
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:Vietnamization
3821:
3812:
3805:
3791:
3788:Nixon Doctrine
3784:
3776:
3774:
3772:Foreign policy
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3741:
3727:
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3552:
3547:
3545:nixontapes.org
3542:
3535:
3534:External links
3532:
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2826:The Final Days
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2140:
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2080:
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2024:
1994:
1955:
1929:
1903:
1854:
1837:www.pimall.com
1824:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1751:
1748:
1660:
1657:
1626:
1625:Investigations
1623:
1618:Alexander Haig
1550:
1549:18½-minute gap
1547:
1503:Main article:
1500:
1497:
1463:Donald Sanders
1457:
1456:
1454:
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1439:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
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1415:
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1371:Blind Ambition
1367:
1360:The Final Days
1356:
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1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:Carl Bernstein
1198:
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1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
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1170:
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1166:
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1143:
1138:
1136:E. Howard Hunt
1133:
1131:H. R. Haldeman
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1111:Charles Colson
1108:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1093:
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1089:
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1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1063:Robert Mardian
1060:
1055:
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1021:
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971:Bernard Barker
967:
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868:
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824:Lawrence Higby
793:H. R. Haldeman
790:Chief of Staff
766:
763:
725:telephone taps
688:
687:
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684:
677:
670:
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451:
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437:
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420:
418:
417:
412:
407:
402:
401:
400:
393:Yom Kippur War
390:
385:
384:
383:
370:
368:
367:
365:Apollo program
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
335:Visit to China
332:
324:
322:
321:
316:
315:
314:
304:
303:
302:
297:
292:
287:
277:
276:
275:
273:Vietnamization
270:
268:Nixon Doctrine
265:
255:
254:
253:
240:
238:
237:
232:
227:
219:
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215:
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209:
203:Inaugurations
201:
196:
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163:
160:
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155:
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152:Kitchen Debate
149:
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126:
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115:
105:
104:
103:
92:
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67:
66:
63:
62:
50:a series about
46:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4766:
4755:
4752:
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4421:
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4409:
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4398:
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4395:
4393:
4390:Environmental
4387:
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4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
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4027:
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4017:
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4008:
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4001:
3997:
3996:
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3990:
3985:
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3960:
3957:
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3952:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3901:SALT I Treaty
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3870:
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3861:
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3745:controversies
3742:
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3738:Supreme Court
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3527:
3523:
3519:
3517:0-670-76324-1
3513:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3462:0-688-03192-7
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3258:
3257:
3252:
3245:
3242:
3229:
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3186:
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3147:
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3024:
3020:
3019:Bloomberg.com
3015:
3007:
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2860:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2836:0-6712-2298-8
2832:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2817:Woodward, Bob
2812:
2809:
2796:
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2224:September 10,
2220:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2154:Miller Center
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2085:
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2042:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1982:
1978:
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1956:
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1939:
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1930:
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1600:
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1544:
1543:Leon Jaworski
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1491:
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1475:
1474:Archibald Cox
1470:
1468:
1467:Fred Thompson
1464:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:(2022 series)
1413:
1412:
1408:
1406:(2020 series)
1405:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1382:
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1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Richard Helms
1275:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:Howard Simons
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:Barry Sussman
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:Leon Jaworski
1177:
1175:
1174:Archibald Cox
1172:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1157:
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1149:
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1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Richard Nixon
1099:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1083:Maurice Stans
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
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1061:
1059:
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1051:
1048:
1045:
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1038:
1037:
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1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
992:
991:Frank Sturgis
989:
987:
984:
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977:
974:
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969:
968:
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4079:War on drugs
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2219:The Atlantic
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2165:December 14,
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2143:
2131:. Retrieved
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2106:February 14,
2104:. Retrieved
2100:the original
2071:. Retrieved
2065:. CBS News.
2057:
2047:December 30,
2045:. Retrieved
2036:
2027:
2017:December 30,
2015:. Retrieved
2006:
1997:
1987:December 30,
1985:. Retrieved
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1958:
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1896:December 30,
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1386:
1378:
1373:(miniseries)
1370:
1359:
1348:
1300:Howard Baker
1241:
1237:Lesley Stahl
1207:Bob Woodward
933:
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838:
821:
804:Cabinet Room
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783:
752:
741:
710:
691:
496:
492:Bibliography
444:
439:
312:war on drugs
29:
4674:Resignation
4194:Nixon shock
3795:Vietnam War
3724:Wilson desk
3620:(1969–1974)
3570:‹ The
3091:December 5,
3029:December 6,
2996:December 6,
2965:December 6,
2891:December 5,
2665:December 1,
2634:December 1,
1735:impeachment
1727:Smoking Gun
1539:Robert Bork
1482:John Sirica
1476:, a former
1391:(2017 film)
1381:(1999 film)
1266:Deep Throat
1227:Ben Bradlee
1196:Journalists
1184:John Sirica
1126:Gerald Ford
1095:White House
778:Oval Office
717:Wilson desk
713:Oval Office
371:Second term
290:Clean Water
251:Nixon shock
4723:Categories
3636:Transition
2073:August 21,
1790:References
1743:Hugh Scott
1523:compromise
1141:Egil Krogh
1053:Fred LaRue
729:Camp David
632:convention
617:convention
592:convention
563:convention
536:convention
498:Six Crises
477:Foundation
325:First term
199:Transition
187:Presidency
83:Depictions
73:Birthplace
4565:Watergate
3358:March 17,
3328:March 17,
2955:0190-8286
2739:0362-4331
2436:March 29,
1977:0362-4331
1559:Uher 5000
1493:John Dean
1403:Slow Burn
1396:Watergate
1305:Sam Ervin
1262:Mark Felt
1168:Judiciary
1116:John Dean
612:selection
587:primaries
558:primaries
531:primaries
4574:Timeline
4007:Title IX
3627:Timeline
3572:template
3298:July 25,
3292:Archived
3261:Archived
3228:Archived
3202:Archived
3146:Archived
3116:Archived
3085:Archived
3047:(1991).
3023:Archived
2990:Archived
2986:Politico
2959:Archived
2918:Archived
2885:Archived
2859:Archived
2823:(1976).
2795:Archived
2743:Archived
2659:Archived
2628:Archived
2590:April 7,
2584:Archived
2558:Archived
2527:Archived
2497:Archived
2459:Archived
2378:Archived
2348:Archived
2313:Archived
2281:Archived
2257:July 11,
2251:Archived
2192:Archived
2127:Archived
2067:Archived
2041:Archived
2011:Archived
1981:Archived
1942:Archived
1916:Archived
1890:Archived
1841:Archived
1486:subpoena
1294:Congress
897:Timeline
757:and the
719:, using
637:election
622:election
582:election
553:election
526:election
433:timeline
307:Cannabis
246:Economic
241:Policies
192:Timeline
3880:Détente
3574:below (
3526:1095702
3385:aes.org
2865:May 13,
2801:June 7,
2775:June 7,
2564:May 27,
2533:May 31,
2492:Reuters
2410:June 7,
2133:May 14,
1948:June 5,
1922:June 5,
1686:ordered
1650:⁄
1570:⁄
1332:Related
873:in 2006
831:⁄
541:debates
398:airlift
258:Foreign
4681:Pardon
4652:(1974)
4392:policy
3524:
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3420:
3401:
3122:May 9,
3055:
2953:
2833:
2737:
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1717:– via
1411:Gaslit
1362:(book,
1351:(book,
1003:Groups
957:People
879:Events
459:Pardon
212:second
108:Senate
3381:(PDF)
1696:) in
1365:film)
1354:film)
1049:(CRP)
628:1956
608:1952
440:Tapes
207:first
3522:OCLC
3512:ISBN
3495:Time
3476:ISBN
3457:ISBN
3436:Time
3418:ISBN
3399:ISBN
3360:2016
3330:2016
3300:2007
3269:2012
3236:2012
3210:2012
3180:2012
3154:2016
3124:2024
3093:2019
3053:ISBN
3031:2022
2998:2022
2967:2022
2951:ISSN
2926:2016
2893:2019
2867:2014
2831:ISBN
2803:2012
2777:2012
2751:2016
2735:ISSN
2667:2015
2636:2015
2592:2015
2566:2010
2535:2013
2505:2011
2467:2016
2438:2022
2430:Time
2412:2012
2386:2016
2356:2016
2321:2016
2289:2016
2259:2017
2226:2014
2200:2012
2167:2023
2135:2020
2108:2012
2075:2013
2049:2016
2019:2016
1989:2016
1973:ISSN
1950:2024
1924:2024
1898:2016
1849:2016
1819:2016
1763:and
1741:and
1636:The
1517:and
1379:Dick
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869:The
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696:and
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548:1968
521:1960
360:OSHA
295:NOAA
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