204:.) In 1917, waterside workers went on strike over the issue of the pickup and demanded the establishment of a single central pickup point at the Flinders Street Extension and that their remuneration should include the time taken to travel to and from their assigned ships. The impending arrival of strikebreakers from Sydney resulted in the calling off of the strike and abandonment of the dispute about a central pickup. The strike action led to the formation in 1917 of the
89:
324:, in an attempt by the government to end the WWF's monopoly on the supply of wharf labour. The Waterside Workers' Federation went on strike for a fortnight in November 1954. Although the changes were passed, the new legislation proved unworkable. In early 1955 a new recruiting agreement was drawn up protecting the union's right to recruit labour with
232:
handed down a new award worse than the old, which included double pickup, cancelled the single pickup in those ports where it existed and removed restrictions on over-long shifts because they slowed ship turnaround times. Wharfies were to be paid less for evening and night shifts than they would for
223:
to require industrial courts to consider the economic effects of its awards in addition to the welfare of workers. Immediate problems followed when a new award for waterside workers in 1928 worsened conditions for workers on economic grounds. The
Waterside Workers Union again sought the abolition of
243:
through parliament in
September, which gave the government unprecedented regulatory power in industrial relations. All waterfront workers now required federal licences, or "dog collars" as they were derisively known, to work. The act allowed the Commonwealth government to effectively control who
263:
Branch
Secretary, Ted Englart, swallowed their pride and began recruiting members of their rival PCWLUA, which many union members regarded as "scabs". In 1936 the union shifted its head office from Melbourne to Sydney. In 1938 the union, through the efforts of Port Kembla Branch Secretary
370:(CPA) was formed in October 1920, and achieved significant influence in the Australian trade union movement, especially in New South Wales. Members of the CPA would play a prominent role throughout the history of the Waterside Workers' Federation, including officials such as
100:(WWF) was an Australian trade union that existed from 1902 to 1993. After a period of negotiations between other Australian maritime unions, it was federated in 1902 and first federally registered in 1907; its first general president was
236:
All appeals for safeguards against excessive strain and overwork were rejected, as claimed for improved safety. The union rejected the award and organised strike action, which later resulted in riots and violence. Bruce pushed the
328:, Minister for Labour and National Service. The government pressed ahead in 1956 with new legislation aimed at weakening the federation and the improvements it had gained in working conditions and safety provisions.
381:
Healy had joined the CPA in 1934, after he had been the
Queensland branch president since 1929. He was elected national General Secretary in October 1937, a position he held until his death in 1961.
189:
was used to defeat a waterside workers nationwide strike by the passing of a regulation that deprived the
Waterside Workers' Federation of preferences in seven of the busiest ports in Australia.
244:
worked on the docks and nearly destroyed the
Waterside Workers' Federation, earning the government deep unpopularity among organised labour. Employment of non-union labour and members of the
245:
205:
880:
Rupert
Lockwood, Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia historian, editor 'Maritime Worker' and author 'Black Armada' (1975), 'War on the Waterfront' (1982), 'Ship to Shore' (1990)
255:
The stalwarts of the
Waterside Workers' Federation were subject to official suspicion and scrutiny for many years. In the late 1930s union officials such as General Secretary
427:
Waterside
Workers' Federation Film Unit was established in 1953 by Norma Disher, Keith Gow and Jock Levy. It was based at the Waterside Workers' Federation Hall located at 60
386:
763:
229:
397:, Bull steered the union towards an amalgamation with the Seamen's Union. He succeeding Charlie Fitzgibbon (1961–83) and Norm Docker (1983–84), another CPA member.
1084:
1079:
128:
The
Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia traces its roots to the formation on the Australian waterfront in September 1872 of two unions in Sydney, the
340:
1064:
351:
1074:
1069:
991:
343:
in the United States, the WWF decided to co-operate with containerisation, in return for significant improvements in working conditions, such as
1089:
730:
688:
717:
595:
440:
1001:
521:
249:
483:
454:, to document the people and conditions on the waterfront. After five years of production, the work of the unit ended in 1958.
196:
system of labour hire where workers would be hired on a daily basis at a pickup point, and which was prone to corruption. (See
339:
as the main means of transporting cargo, dramatically reducing the need for waterfront labour. Inspired by the example of the
722:
290:
212:
177:
108:
984:
367:
1012:
112:
48:
168:. Hughes had been a member of the federal parliament and became Prime Minister in 1915. Hughes was expelled from the
969:
1024:
408:
265:
256:
239:
393:, and was General Secretary of the union from 1984 to 1992. With membership dwindling, partly as a result of
173:
977:
909:
273:
197:
185:
633:"Barricades and batons: an historical perspective of the policing of major industrial disorder in Australia"
446:
The film unit made several films on waterfront working conditions and events. Some of these films, such as
88:
390:
169:
200:.) In Sydney, workers would walk from wharf to wharf in search of a job, often failing to find one. (See
1030:
841:
428:
145:
344:
269:
788:
1018:
432:
1036:
577:
665:
805:
589:
560:
904:
744:
736:
726:
684:
517:
298:
160:
With Federation in 1901 and the impending introduction of an arbitration system, the national
764:"75 years of 'Black Armada': Australian dockworkers defend Indonesia's independence in 1945"
394:
336:
332:
17:
538:
416:
201:
712:
578:
Robert Bollard, Victorian workers in the 1917 Mass Strike Australian National University
658:
317:
278:
149:
1058:
817:
371:
216:
451:
286:
225:
165:
101:
961:
619:
511:
450:, have become documentary classics. The union also commissioned artists, such as
192:
From about 1900 to the 1940s, work on Melbourne wharves was obtained through the
325:
294:
148:
representatives, after shipowners refused to allow waterfront workers to attend
931:
632:
962:
Fighting Through Their Filmwork – The Waterside Workers’ Federation Film Unit
740:
829:
748:
478:
878:
92:
An early banner of the Sydney Branch of the Waterside Workers' Federation.
1042:
936:
854:
436:
375:
320:
legislated for a committee of inquiry into the waterside industry by the
260:
248:
almost killed off the Waterside Workers' Federation. He then called the
411:
was instrumental in the publication of the WWF's national journal, the
285:
The union consolidated its strength with the labour shortages during
960:
Australian Society for the Study of Labour History, by Lisa Milner,
358:
but retained the name Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia.
473:
471:
469:
467:
973:
252:
for November, reviving the "red scare" pitch for the campaign.
479:"Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia (i) (1907–1991)"
681:
Stanley Melbourne Bruce : Australian Internationalist
311:
Permanent & Casual Wharf Labourers Union of Australia
246:
Permanent & Casual Wharf Labourers Union of Australia
206:
Permanent & Casual Wharf Labourers Union of Australia
347:, an industry pension scheme and reduced working hours.
233:
the horror shifts making these dangerously attractive.
431:, which also became the venue for productions by the
385:
Bull was a one-time CPA member, then a member of the
224:
the "bull" pickup system in a new award, but Justice
208:
in opposition to the Waterside Workers' Federation.
853:Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia (1938),
70:
62:
54:
44:
657:
276:and famously led to Robert Menzies being known as
230:Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration
664:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. p.
516:. Sydney: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 130.
387:Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist)
378:, and the union was regarded as Communist-led.
660:Australian Federal Politics and Law, 1901–1929
985:
443:theatre company was performed at this venue.
221:Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Act
8:
877:Photographer: not known (1 September 2014),
859:, Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia
32:
706:
704:
702:
700:
539:"Melbourne Wharf Laborers' Union, Victoria"
435:from 1954 to 1962. In 1995 a production by
341:International Longshore and Warehouse Union
164:was formed in 1902 under the leadership of
136:, which merged ten years later to form the
992:
978:
970:
721:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
352:International Transport Workers Federation
162:Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia
98:Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia
39:Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia
33:Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia
31:
513:Life on the waterfront: an autobiography
356:Australian Foremen Stevedore Association
354:. In 1991, the WWF amalgamated with the
87:
27:Former maritime trade union in Australia
683:. London: Continuum Press. p. 79.
463:
316:In 1954, the federal government led by
134:West Sydney Labouring Men's Association
898:
896:
505:
503:
501:
309:In 1950, the WWF finally absorbed the
130:Labouring Men's Union of Circular Quay
842:Deposit Z602 – Norm Docker Collection
830:Fitzgibbon, Charles Henry (1922–2001)
7:
949:Venue used by New Theatre 1954-1962.
932:"Waterside Workers' Federation Hall"
818:Vale: Charlie Fitzgibbon (1922–2001)
591:Bruce, Stanley Melbourne (1883–1967)
561:"Union leaders walk the Hungry Mile"
415:, of which he was the first editor.
350:In 1971 the WWF affiliated with the
1085:Trade unions disestablished in 1993
1080:1993 disestablishments in Australia
806:Formidable battler for the wharfies
711:Markey, Ray & Svensen, Stuart.
762:Dalziel, Alex (9 September 2002).
718:Australian Dictionary of Biography
596:Australian Dictionary of Biography
293:, the WWF placed a "black ban" on
25:
1065:Defunct trade unions of Australia
828:Australian Trade Union Archives,
1075:Trade unions established in 1902
1070:1902 establishments in Australia
840:Australian National University,
713:"Healy, James (Jim) (1898–1961)"
142:Melbourne Wharf Labourers' Union
107:In 1993 the WWF merged with the
484:Australian Trade Union Archives
274:Japan's undeclared war in China
144:was formed with the support of
723:Australian National University
291:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
1090:Maritime history of Australia
1002:Waterside Workers' Federation
789:Stevedoring Industry Act 1954
541:. Museum Victoria Collections
322:Stevedoring Industry Act 1954
138:Sydney Wharf Labourers' Union
368:Communist Party of Australia
18:Waterside Workers Federation
1000:General Secretaries of the
620:Page 39, War on the Wharves
268:, played a key role in the
180:to continue in government.
172:and the union in 1916 over
113:Maritime Union of Australia
109:Seamen's Union of Australia
49:Maritime Union of Australia
1106:
510:Bull, Tasnor Ivan (1998).
389:and later a member of the
1008:
905:"The Wharfies' Film Unit"
802:The Sydney Morning Herald
618:, Sunday, 12 April 1998:
616:The Sydney Morning Herald
565:The Sydney Morning Herald
301:as a show of solidarity.
174:conscription in Australia
37:
910:The Dictionary of Sydney
656:Sawer, Geoffrey (1956).
297:colonial ships going to
272:which drew attention to
186:War Precautions Act 1914
537:Tout-Smith, D. (2003).
423:WWF Hall and Film Unit
391:Australian Labor Party
313:as a distinct branch.
170:Australian Labor Party
93:
903:Milner, Lisa (2014).
240:Transport Workers Act
146:Melbourne Trades Hall
91:
419:was a later editor.
176:and then formed the
679:Lee, David (2010).
34:
1031:Charlie Fitzgibbon
94:
1052:
1051:
732:978-0-522-84459-7
690:978-0-8264-4566-7
335:began to replace
178:Nationalist Party
86:
85:
16:(Redirected from
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816:Workers Online,
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768:The Jakarta Post
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395:containerisation
333:containerisation
79:
45:Merged into
35:
21:
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856:Maritime worker
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804:, 9 July 2003,
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448:The Hungry Mile
425:
417:Rupert Lockwood
413:Maritime Worker
405:
402:Maritime Worker
364:
307:
270:Dalfram dispute
202:The Hungry Mile
158:
152:celebrations.
126:
121:
82:
77:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1101:
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567:. 4 June 2003.
552:
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461:
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441:Vitalstatistix
424:
421:
407:In the 1930s,
404:
399:
363:
360:
318:Robert Menzies
306:
303:
215:government of
157:
154:
150:Eight-hour Day
140:. In 1884 the
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84:
83:
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68:
67:
64:
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1019:Arthur Turley
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631:David Baker.
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429:Sussex Street
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372:Big Jim Healy
369:
362:Officeholders
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346:
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338:
334:
331:In the 1960s
329:
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292:
289:. During the
288:
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258:
257:Big Jim Healy
253:
251:
250:1928 election
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217:Stanley Bruce
214:
211:In 1928, the
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69:
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61:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
36:
30:
19:
956:
948:
941:. Retrieved
935:
926:
914:. Retrieved
908:
884:, retrieved
879:
872:
861:, retrieved
855:
848:
836:
824:
812:
801:
797:
787:
783:
771:. Retrieved
767:
757:
716:
680:
674:
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651:
639:. Retrieved
626:
615:
611:
599:. Retrieved
594:. Canberra:
590:
584:
573:
564:
555:
543:. Retrieved
532:
523:07322-6792-7
512:
488:. Retrieved
482:
452:Roy Dalgarno
447:
445:
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401:
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321:
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310:
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287:World War II
284:
279:Pig Iron Bob
277:
254:
238:
235:
226:George Beeby
220:
219:amended the
210:
198:Wailing Wall
193:
191:
184:
183:In 1917 the
182:
166:Billy Hughes
161:
159:
156:1900 to 1945
141:
137:
133:
129:
127:
124:Predecessors
111:to form the
106:
102:Billy Hughes
97:
95:
29:
1045:(1984–1992)
1039:(1983–1984)
1037:Norm Docker
1033:(1961–1983)
1027:(1937–1961)
1021:(1928–1937)
1015:(1902–1928)
943:21 November
916:21 November
601:23 December
433:New Theatre
326:Harold Holt
213:Nationalist
1059:Categories
1013:Joe Morris
458:References
345:permanency
337:break bulk
1025:Jim Healy
741:1833-7538
641:23 August
409:Jim Healy
305:1945-1991
299:Indonesia
266:Ted Roach
78:Australia
63:Dissolved
1043:Tas Bull
937:AusStage
749:70677943
545:25 April
437:Adelaide
376:Tas Bull
261:Brisbane
132:and the
71:Location
886:30 June
863:30 June
490:23 July
228:of the
119:History
55:Founded
792:(Cth).
773:28 May
747:
739:
729:
687:
520:
636:(PDF)
295:Dutch
945:2022
918:2022
888:2022
865:2022
775:2022
745:OCLC
737:ISSN
727:ISBN
685:ISBN
643:2007
603:2012
547:2016
518:ISBN
492:2015
374:and
366:The
259:and
194:bull
96:The
66:1993
58:1902
666:265
439:'s
282:.
1061::
947:.
934:.
907:.
895:^
766:.
743:.
735:.
725:.
715:.
699:^
563:.
500:^
481:.
466:^
115:.
104:.
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777:.
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693:.
668:.
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605:.
549:.
526:.
494:.
20:)
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