42:
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noise level on land is low and they are nearby of one another. Sound waves can be transmitted either through the ice itself or from water to breathing holes where female
Weddell seals are usually breeding. There have been recordings of Weddell seal vocalisations that are described as songs. Their songs consist of repetitive sequences of the same vocal elements, and they only vary slightly over time. Individual Weddell seals can each produce their unique
102:
343:
802:
603:. Weddell seal populations will often return to the same breeding sites over consecutive breeding seasons. Depending on the latitude it inhabits, this marine mammal gives birth from early September through November, with those living at lower latitudes giving birth earlier. Weddell seals usually give birth to one pup per year, however the Weddell seal is one of the only species of seals that can give birth to
77:
8851:
8864:
442:, with only their heads poking through breathing holes in the ice. These seals are often observed lying on their sides when on land. Weddell seals are non-migratory phocids that move regionally to follow the distribution of breathing holes and exit cracks within the ice changes between seasons. The species is primarily restricted to Antarctic waters: physical factors, such as
244:
8858:
423:
650:. The mating season occurs during austral spring between late November and December after pups are weaned and females begin ovulating. During the mating season, Weddell seals make noises loud enough to be felt through the ice. Males defend underwater territories during the breeding season and have been observed to fight.
749:
to call their pups from further distances when smell can no longer be used efficiently (Opzeeland et al., 2011). Pups also use higher, more urgent vocalisations when hungry to alert their mothers to feed. Weddell seals commonly produce ultrasonic vocalizations. However, the functional significance of
654:
has only been observed to occur underwater, where the female submits to the male as he approaches her dorsal side. The female is often bitten on the neck by her partner if she tries to escape or terminate copulation. The seals are normally around six to eight years old when they first breed, but this
820:
The most recent estimate suggests a population of about 202,000 female seals, based on high-resolution satellite images from
November 2011 that cover the full habitat range of the species. This number includes females only, as males are mostly underwater guarding their territories in November. There
736:
Male and female
Weddell seals communicate through a variety of sounds, specifically, males sometimes use “trills” to communicate. Weddell seals are also able to communicate with each other through different mediums. Weddell seals on ice can hear the calls of Weddell seals in the water as long as the
607:
pups. Birthing of the pup takes only one to four minutes. Newborn pups weigh about 25–30 kg and grow to two times their weight within their first week of life. The pups take their first swim around one to two weeks of age. During the first two weeks, mother
Weddell seals distinguish their pups
389:. Adults show a counter-shaded colouration that varies from bluish-black to dark grey dorsally and to light grey/silver ventrally. Coats may change to shades of brown before the annual moult. Adult males usually bear scars, most of them around the genital region. Weddell seal pups are born with a
827:
Because of the widespread distribution of
Weddell seals, population assessments are difficult and expensive to conduct, and therefore infrequently undertaken. However, thanks to the availability of higher-resolution satellite imagery and crowdsourced data, future counts may be simplified with
462:
for food, maintain breathing holes in fast ice, and explore to find more ice holes. They have been observed to dive as deep as 600 m for up to an hour. These seals exhibit a diel dive pattern, diving deeper and longer during the day than at night. After dropping away from a
871:
In the past, the establishment of
Antarctic research bases has caused a measure of disturbance to these seals. In January 1998 the Environmental Protection Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty was ratified, implementing environmental measures such as the banning of
350:
Weddell seals measure about 2.5–3.5 m (8 ft 2 in – 11 ft 6 in) long and weigh 400–600 kg (880–1,320 lb). They are amongst the largest seals, with a rather bulky body and short fore flippers relative to their body
549:. It has not been confirmed, however, if the penguins were consumed after being killed. Scientists believe Weddell seals rely mainly on eyesight to hunt for food when there is light. However, during the Antarctic winter darkness, when there is no
721:
355:. Males weigh less than females, usually about 500 kg (1,100 lb) or less. Male and female Weddell seals are generally about the same length, though females can be slightly larger. However, the male seal tends to have a thicker
675:
probability, whereas no differences can be found between the mortality rate of animals older than 2 years and that of adults (Hastings et al., 1999). The maximum lifespan of the species is estimated at least 25 years.
646:, diving ability, and site-specific experience enhance success in male Weddell seals. Additionally, fast ice breeding grounds cause females to cluster in large aggregations, making it easier for males to control their
1753:
Harcourt RG, Kingston JJ, Cameron MF, Waas JR, Hindell MA (2007). "Paternity analysis shows experience, not age, enhances mating success in an aquatically mating pinniped, the
Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)".
2025:
Collins, Kym T.; McGreevy, Paul D.; Wheatley, Kathryn E.; Harcourt, Robert G. (July 2011). "The influence of behavioural context on
Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) airborne mother-pup vocalisation".
695:
activity in the muscles of newborn
Weddell seals, suggesting that a primary thermoregulatory strategy of these seals includes muscle thermogenesis, or shivering. The activity of metabolic enzymes including
2214:
Southwell C, Bengston J, Bester M, Blix AS, Bornemann H, Boveng P, Plötz J (2012). "A review of data on abundance, trends in abundance, habitat use and diet of ice-breeding seals in the
Southern Ocean".
851:
on Antarctic seals are still to be fully determined. Research estimates seal populations may decline as the availability of their habitat is extremely temperature sensitive thus making them potentially
41:
385:
around its whole body except for small areas around the flippers. The colour and pattern of the coat vary, often fading to a duller colour as the seal ages. This coat moults around the beginning of
884:
in the region. However, the disturbance effects of the increasing seasonal tourism in the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic on Weddell seal behaviour, distribution, and foraging are still unknown.
856:. Climate changes affecting the duration and the extent of the sea ice and nutrient availability could potentially reduce pups’ survival and may have important implications for population
722:
723:
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Previous estimates, with lower geographic coverage and thus relying more heavily on extrapolations, tended to be much higher, reporting numbers in the range of 800,000 or so.
533:
predators, resulting in implications that penguin hunting is a learned behaviour. There are recordings of four different penguin species being attacked by Weddell seals: a
908:
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725:
9814:
9658:
671:, between mid-January and mid-February, allowing for birth under more favourable environmental conditions. Juvenile Weddell seals (0–2 years old) have a high
9774:
298:
1556:
Bombosch A, Solovyev B (2017). "Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) killing gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) at Neko Harbour, Antarctic Peninsula".
506:, and crustacean remains are sometimes found in Weddell seal scat, but at much lower rates than other prey species. They are opportunistic feeders that
840:, Weddell seals suffered dramatic declines as they were hunted for food and oil. Populations have since recovered after the elimination of commercial
394:
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25–30 kg (55–66 lb). They gain around 2 kg (4.4 lb) a day, and by 6–7 weeks old they can weigh around 100 kg (220 lb).
9567:
7897:
1716:"Individual variation in pup vocalizations and absence of behavioral signs of maternal vocal recognition in Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii)"
9809:
9606:
2157:
LaRue M, Salas L, Nur N, Ainley D, Stammerjohn S, Pennycook J, Dozier M, Saints J, Stamatiou K, Barrington L, Rotella J (September 24, 2021).
724:
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2234:
1111:
1025:
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Garrott RA, Rotella JJ, Siniff DB, Parkinson CL, Stauffer GE (2012). "Environmental variation and cohort effects in an Antarctic predator".
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behaviour is not common when observed. Vocalisations are also important in mother-pup Weddell seal interactions. Mother Weddell seals use
9804:
9789:
2393:
895:, could have an impact on Weddell seal nutrition, and potential operational interactions should be considered in the management plans.
9819:
2351:
1142:
3763:
1871:
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Elsner, R. W.; Hammond, D. D.; Denison, D. M. (1977). "Temperature regulation in the newborn Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli".
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after 3–4 weeks; later, they turn a darker colour similar to that of adults. The pups are around half the length of their mother at
9405:
2356:
9784:
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1657:"New data on Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) colonies: A genetic analysis of a top predator from the Ross Sea, Antarctica"
9794:
4107:
1715:
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367:. The Weddell seal face has been compared to that of a cat due to a short mouth line and similarities in the structure of the
363:
and muzzle than the female. A molecular genetic-based technique has been established to confirm the sex of individuals in the
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9437:
9611:
6325:
1789:
Thomas JA, DeMaster DP (1983). "Diel haul-out patterns of Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) females and their pups".
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hole in the ice, the seals become negatively buoyant in the first 30 to 50 m, allowing them to dive with little effort.
101:
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Although seabirds are not usually part of their diet, there have been several sightings of them chasing and killing
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5803:
1939:
Terhune, John M. (2017-04-13). "Through-ice communication by Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) is possible".
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adult eats around 10 kg (22 lb) a day, while an active adult eats over 50 kg (110 lb) a day.
864:), could demonstrate the ability of the species to colonise different environments, although the extent of such
616:, and stay in the same spatial area. After six to seven weeks, pups are weaned and begin to hunt independently.
7700:
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4319:
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1509:"Fish prey of Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, at Hope Bay, Antarctic Peninsula, during the late summer"
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interactions. Although, the development of new fisheries in Antarctic waters, particularly one targeting the
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6343:
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4133:
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6639:
6621:
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6143:
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under the ice where the seals forage, they rely on other senses, primarily the sense of touch from their
9720:
9546:
7763:
7018:
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6991:
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691:, a fine layer of hair on the surface of their skin, to keep warm. Studies also revealed high levels of
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4166:
2361:
1377:"Classification of Weddell seal dives based on 3 dimensional movements and video-recorded observations"
1901:
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are likely to be fewer males than females, as the ratio skews towards females with increasing age.
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Weddell seals have no natural predators when on fast ice. At sea or on pack ice, they are prey for
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in different parts of the water column depending on prey availability. Weddell seals hunt in both
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1900:
Pearson, Linnea E.; Liwanag, Heather E. M.; Hammill, Mike O.; Burns, Jennifer M. (2014-12-01).
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1596:
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1021:
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in Antarctica for at least 50 years, along with the banning of refuse disposal and the use of
565:. The hairs allow the seals to detect the wake of swimming fish and use that to capture prey.
546:
542:
54:
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1991:
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or whiskers, which are not just hairs, but very complicated sense organs with more than 500
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dorsi, a large and major swimming muscle. Research has also suggested that pups have high
687:, which is used in other seal species for thermoregulation. Instead, they rely heavily on
647:
538:
5075:
3062:
434:, or ice fastened to land, and gather in small groups around cracks and holes within the
2269:
2174:
2094:
1672:
1468:
1392:
1290:
Smith MS (1965). "Seasonal movements of the Weddell seal in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica".
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58:
1906:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
1816:
Cline DR, Siniff DB, Erickson AW (1971). "Underwater copulation of the Weddell seal".
1453:"3D diving behavior of Weddell seals with respect to prey accessibility and abundance"
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2077:
Cziko, Paul A.; Munger, Lisa M.; Santos, Nicholas R.; Terhune, John M. (2020-12-01).
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305:
86:
81:
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2011:
1968:
1775:
1739:
1638:
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1542:
1416:
Kooyman GL (1975). "A comparison between day and night diving in the Weddell seal".
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3664:
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2627:
2159:"Insights from the first global population estimate of Weddell seals in Antarctica"
928:
841:
806:
573:
569:
526:
511:
447:
301:
297:. The Weddell seal was discovered and named in the 1820s during expeditions led by
290:
286:
176:
801:
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were measured and determined to be significantly active in newborn Weddell seals'
2039:
1681:
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2931:
2720:
2575:
1902:"To each its own: Thermoregulatory strategy varies among neonatal polar phocids"
1508:
837:
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Weddell seals can be confused with other two phocids that share the same range:
705:
313:
1917:
1617:
Schreer JF, Testa JW (1996). "Classification of Weddell seal diving behavior".
1340:
Stirling I (1969). "Ecology of the Weddell seal in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica".
9347:
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1952:
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1524:
771:
487:
483:
382:
364:
325:
294:
9481:
2112:
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2003:
1960:
1925:
1236:
Whales, dolphins, and seals: A field guide to the marine mammals of the world
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is no longer accepted, although it is still found commonly in the scientific
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strategies from other species of seals. Weddell seal pups are not born with
609:
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and often adjacent to Antarctic bases. It is the only species in the genus
243:
153:
113:
2371:
2346:
2235:"Researchers and citizen scientists complete first-ever Weddell seal count"
2200:
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1881:
1700:
1655:
Zappes IA, Fabiani A, Sbordoni V, Rakaj A, Palozzi R, Allegrucci G (2017).
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Daneri GA, Negri A, Coria NR, Negrete J, Libertelli MM, Corbalán A (2018).
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17:
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4035:
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2735:
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2422:
1593:"Scientists track seal predation behavior through the dark of Antarctica"
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133:
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1995:
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1401:
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1311:
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1714:
Opzeeland IC, Parijs SM, Frickenhaus S, Kreiss CM, Boebel O (2012).
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1982:
Green, K.; Burton, H. R. (January 1988). "Do Weddell seals sing?".
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5204:
5189:
3850:
3141:
2636:
2258:
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
916:
800:
719:
618:
596:
583:
562:
558:
550:
479:
421:
402:
341:
1017:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
9699:
8786:
7092:
5988:
5313:
5249:
2922:
2654:
738:
643:
604:
595:
Weddell seals return to fast ice colonies during the spring for
475:
368:
360:
356:
9456:
9421:
8879:
7963:
7879:
6784:
6241:
5545:
4697:
3832:
3273:
2453:
2375:
5222:
4831:
3159:
2146:. Vol. 4. Lawrence, Kansas: Society for Marine Mammalogy.
1164:
Hückstädt LA (2018). "Weddell Seal: Leptonychotes weddellii".
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
502:
constitute the majority of their diet. Cephalopods are common
435:
379:
1375:
Davis RW, Fuiman LA, Williams TM, Horning M, Hagey W (2003).
712:
densities in the muscle, which may serve a thermogenic role.
655:
can be much earlier for some females. Weddell seals undergo
2239:
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering
1451:
Mitani Y, Watanabe Y, Sato K, Cameron MF, Naito Y (2004).
2144:
Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution
860:. The fact that some populations breed on land (e.g., in
817:
species of Antarctic phocid, after the crabeater seal.
1202:
Seals of the blizzard: The Weddell Seals of Antarctica
1049:
1047:
1045:
320:
of this species is well documented since it occupies
9353:
9309:
9299:
9269:
9242:
9203:
9168:
9158:
9148:
9138:
9121:
9083:
9059:
9049:
9039:
9029:
9019:
9009:
8999:
8989:
8979:
8969:
8959:
8949:
8893:
8775:
8765:
8741:
8717:
8707:
8684:
8674:
8644:
8614:
8604:
8594:
8584:
8574:
8564:
8554:
8544:
8534:
8501:
8491:
8481:
8443:
8433:
8423:
8413:
8383:
8360:
8350:
8340:
8330:
8320:
8310:
8300:
8276:
8266:
8256:
8233:
8204:
8164:
8154:
8144:
8115:
8053:
7981:
9465:
9330:
9283:
9256:
9226:
9217:
9190:
9112:
9082:
9073:
8936:
8892:
8808:
8698:
8658:
8628:
8519:
8404:
8374:
8247:
8218:
8189:
8178:
8129:
8100:
8052:
7980:
7681:
7630:
7621:
7575:
7551:
7518:
7477:
7426:
7392:
7351:
7310:
7293:
7248:
7222:
7213:
7114:
7090:
7066:
7040:
6963:
6908:
6866:
6849:
6825:
6797:
6752:
6711:
6678:
6661:
6602:
6552:
6519:
6493:
6430:
6389:
6356:
6297:
6276:
6254:
6156:
6115:
6087:
6053:
6036:
5986:
5953:
5909:
5866:
5847:
5756:
5715:
5661:
5635:
5611:
5583:
5561:
5505:
5478:
5469:
5410:
5375:
5351:
5327:
5312:
5301:
5202:
5143:
5128:
5055:
5005:
4973:
4958:
4821:
4788:
4762:
4729:
4713:
4613:
4571:
4431:
4396:
4341:
4308:
4258:
4217:
4208:
4187:
4146:
4096:
4070:
4033:
3998:
3981:
3965:
3929:
3888:
3864:
3849:
3796:
3611:
3572:
3563:
3508:
3467:
3449:
3399:
3346:
3297:
3286:
3237:
3139:
3075:
3049:
3021:
2980:
2971:
2920:
2833:
2796:
2770:
2733:
2709:
2700:
2684:
2616:
2583:
2574:
2554:
2512:
2501:
2469:
909:Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
729:Video of a reclining Weddell seal on pack ice in
438:. In the winter, they stay in the water to avoid
2083:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
2079:"Weddell seals produce ultrasonic vocalizations"
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1020:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
1106:(2005 ed.). New York City: DK Publishing.
1071:"An overview of the ecology of Antarctic seals"
887:Currently, there are no reports of significant
2342:Voices in the Sea - Sounds of the Weddell Seal
982:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T11696A45226713.en
576:, which prey primarily on juveniles and pups.
450:, may increase fluctuations in distributions.
7891:
2387:
1494:The pinnipeds: seals, sea lions, and walruses
915:" by the IUCN. This species is not listed by
8:
750:these high-frequency sounds is yet unknown.
642:success have suggested how factors such as
623:Weddell seal pup with its grey natal coat,
9453:
9418:
9262:
9223:
9196:
9079:
8942:
8889:
8876:
8805:
8527:
8226:
8197:
8186:
8137:
8108:
7977:
7973:
7960:
7898:
7884:
7876:
7627:
7406:
7307:
7228:
7219:
7046:
6863:
6805:
6794:
6781:
6675:
6499:
6294:
6251:
6238:
6170:
6067:
6050:
5915:
5880:
5863:
5641:
5608:
5558:
5542:
5475:
5381:
5324:
5309:
5140:
4985:
4970:
4768:
4726:
4710:
4694:
4402:
4214:
4205:
4076:
4004:
3995:
3978:
3900:
3861:
3846:
3842:
3829:
3793:
3569:
3479:
3464:
3446:
3352:
3294:
3283:
3270:
3055:
2977:
2776:
2706:
2697:
2580:
2571:
2567:
2551:
2509:
2498:
2477:
2466:
2450:
2394:
2380:
2372:
242:
75:
40:
31:
2314:
2277:
2252:Evans, PG, Pierce GJ, Panigada S (2010).
2190:
2102:
1690:
1680:
1532:
1476:
1400:
1266:
1086:
980:
1251:"Sexing pinnipeds with ZFX and ZFY loci"
758:Rice noted that the scientific name was
940:
700:, Ăź-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, and
667:into the uterus until the beginning of
474:in the Antarctic. They eat an array of
1496:. USA: University of California Press.
1249:Curtis C, Stewart BS, Karl SA (2007).
911:(CCAS). It is classified as being of "
836:During the early periods of Antarctic
1895:
1893:
1891:
1857:
1855:
903:The Weddell seal is protected by the
679:Newborn Weddell seals have different
285:) is a relatively large and abundant
7:
9815:Least concern biota of South America
9674:aaa25b24-f570-497a-8412-26f4b328692a
561:endings that attach to the animal's
430:Weddell seals are commonly found on
9775:IUCN Red List least concern species
3764:South African small-spotted genet (
2254:"Climate change and marine mammals"
1864:Adaptations in Antarctic Ecosystems
1756:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1153:– via nationalgeographic.com.
1058:. New Zealand: Reed Publishing Ltd.
968:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1631:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00573.x
1292:The Journal of Wildlife Management
1174:10.1016/B978-0-12-804327-1.00267-3
813:Weddell seals are the second most
426:A Weddell seal at a breathing hole
25:
4108:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (
9404:
8862:
8856:
8849:
2307:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19673.x
1732:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00505.x
1591:Peter Rejcek (August 27, 2010).
100:
2357:Australian Antarctic Government
1127:Ballesta, Laurent (July 2017).
847:However, the effects of global
9810:Least concern biota of Oceania
9438:List of fossil pinnipedimorphs
1457:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1381:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1166:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
378:The Weddell seal grows a thin
1:
3520:Malabar large-spotted civet (
2367:Fun facts about Weddell seals
1137:. Vol. 232, no. 1.
828:automated image recognition.
525:in the wild. Other Antarctic
7782:Indonesian mountain weasel (
7438:North American river otter (
6326:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (
3380:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
2352:Information on Weddell seals
2040:10.1016/j.beproc.2011.06.005
1682:10.1371/journal.pone.0182922
1204:. Australia: Omnibus Books.
1141:. p. 67. Archived from
1102:Kindersley, Dorling (2001).
630:Weddell seals show moderate
4643:Somalian slender mongoose (
1791:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1139:National Geographic Society
9841:
9805:Mammals of South Australia
9790:Pinnipeds of South America
7596:Asian small-clawed otter (
6335:American hog-nosed skunk (
6317:Molina's hog-nosed skunk (
4625:Angolan slender mongoose (
4320:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (
3369:Small-toothed palm civet (
1918:10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.08.006
1129:"The Beauty Below The Ice"
324:environments close to the
9825:Taxa named by René Lesson
9820:Mammals described in 1826
9428:
9417:
9402:
9265:
9199:
8945:
8888:
8875:
8846:
8804:
8530:
8229:
8200:
8140:
8111:
7976:
7972:
7959:
7915:
7501:
7409:
7363:Saharan striped polecat (
7334:
7231:
7049:
6808:
6793:
6780:
6502:
6344:Striped hog-nosed skunk (
6250:
6237:
6173:
6075:Mediterranean monk seal (
6070:
5918:
5883:
5804:Juan Fernández fur seal (
5768:South American fur seal (
5739:
5703:South American sea lion (
5698:
5644:
5557:
5541:
5384:
5176:
5085:South American gray fox (
5029:
4988:
4771:
4709:
4693:
4661:Common slender mongoose (
4527:
4405:
4291:
4241:
4134:Narrow-striped mongoose (
4129:
4079:
4007:
3903:
3845:
3841:
3828:
3792:
3656:Crested servaline genet (
3482:
3445:
3355:
3282:
3269:
3058:
3004:
2779:
2570:
2550:
2497:
2480:
2465:
2449:
2411:
2362:Biology of Weddell seals
2279:10.1017/S0025315410001815
1953:10.1007/s00300-017-2124-1
1768:10.1007/s00265-006-0294-x
1570:10.1007/s00300-016-2070-3
1525:10.1007/s00300-018-2255-z
293:distribution surrounding
250:
241:
222:
215:
97:Scientific classification
95:
73:
64:
48:
39:
34:
7719:Stoat/Beringian ermine (
7587:African clawless otter (
7339:African striped weasel (
7152:Yellow-throated marten (
7028:Formosan ferret-badger (
6732:Western mountain coati (
6723:Eastern mountain coati (
6640:Western lowland olingo (
6622:Eastern lowland olingo (
6450:Southern spotted skunk (
6144:Southern elephant seal (
6135:Northern elephant seal (
5925:Pagophilus groenlandicus
4702:("dog-like" carnivorans)
4515:Stripe-necked mongoose (
4136:Mungotictis decemlineata
3011:Herpailurus yagouaroundi
2458:("cat-like" carnivorans)
1200:Westerskov, Kim (1997).
1014:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
612:smells, and specialised
9785:Pinnipeds of Antarctica
9511:Leptonychotes_weddellii
9497:Leptonychotes weddellii
9467:Leptonychotes weddellii
7764:Yellow-bellied weasel (
7019:Burmese ferret-badger (
7001:Chinese ferret-badger (
6992:Bornean ferret badger (
6983:Vietnam ferret-badger (
6468:Eastern spotted skunk (
6459:Western spotted skunk (
6189:Leptonychotes weddellii
5831:Subantarctic fur seal (
5777:Australasian fur seal (
4601:Black-footed mongoose (
4583:Bushy-tailed mongoose (
4532:White-tailed mongoose (
4470:Indian brown mongoose (
4452:Short-tailed mongoose (
4443:Small Indian mongoose (
4380:Flat-headed kusimanse (
4353:Alexander's kusimanse (
4329:Common dwarf mongoose (
4296:Pousargues's mongoose (
4158:Brown-tailed mongoose (
4117:Grandidier's mongoose (
3371:Arctogalidia trivirgata
2595:Sunda clouded leopard (
961:Leptonychotes weddellii
282:Leptonychotes weddellii
226:Leptonychotes weddellii
9795:Pinnipeds of Australia
9524:Leptonychotes_weddelli
7605:Congo clawless otter (
7508:Hydrictis maculicollis
7506:Spotted-necked otter (
7465:Southern river otter (
7416:Pteronura brasiliensis
7179:European pine marten (
6690:South American coati (
6418:Palawan stink badger (
5744:New Zealand sea lion (
4809:Japanese raccoon dog (
4506:Crab-eating mongoose (
4461:Indian grey mongoose (
4084:Ring-tailed vontsira (
3895:(bone-crushing hyenas)
3590:Central African oyan (
3151:Chinese mountain cat (
2183:10.1126/sciadv.abh3674
957:Hückstädt, L. (2015).
810:
733:
627:
592:
458:Weddell seals dive to
427:
347:
9721:Paleobiology Database
7910:and their stem-allies
7845:Back-striped weasel (
7791:Black-footed ferret (
7563:Smooth-coated otter (
7341:Poecilogale albinucha
7010:Javan ferret-badger (
6896:Sumatran hog badger (
6878:Northern hog badger (
6572:Crab-eating raccoon (
6477:Pygmy spotted skunk (
6198:Lobodon carcinophagus
5934:Histriophoca fasciata
5727:Australian sea lion (
5673:California sea lion (
5422:American black bear (
5164:Black-backed jackal (
5155:Side-striped jackal (
4995:Chrysocyon brachyurus
4419:Long-nosed mongoose (
3692:Rusty-spotted genet (
3529:Large-spotted civet (
3378:Sulawesi palm civet (
3307:Owston's palm civet (
2881:Andean mountain cat (
2241:. September 24, 2021.
2028:Behavioural Processes
1720:Marine Mammal Science
1619:Marine Mammal Science
1268:10.1093/jhered/esm023
975:: e.T11696A45226713.
804:
791:Lobodon carcinophagus
728:
622:
587:
514:and benthic-demersal
425:
345:
7660:Long-tailed weasel (
7238:Lyncodon patagonicus
6887:Greater hog badger (
6409:Sunda stink badger (
6099:Hawaiian monk seal (
5822:Guadalupe fur seal (
5795:Antarctic fur seal (
5786:Galápagos fur seal (
5682:Galápagos sea lion (
4800:Common raccoon dog (
4652:Cape gray mongoose (
4592:Jackson's mongoose (
4552:Paracynictis selousi
4543:Cynictis penicillata
4167:Durrell's vontsira (
3755:Giant forest genet (
3547:Large Indian civet (
3487:Small Indian civet (
3096:Sunda leopard cat (
2872:Southern tiger cat (
2808:African golden cat (
2485:African palm civet (
2347:Weddell seal science
1866:. pp. 531–540.
1818:Journal of Mammalogy
1418:Journal of Mammalogy
1088:10.1093/icb/31.1.143
702:cytochrome c oxidase
657:delayed implantation
7703:M. aistoodonnivalis
7539:Hairy-nosed otter (
7456:Neotropical otter (
7236:Patagonian weasel (
6699:White-nosed coati (
5899:Cystophora cristata
5890:Erignathus barbatus
5623:Northern fur seal (
5400:Helarctos malayanus
5036:Atelocynus microtis
4743:U. cinereoargenteus
4634:Egyptian mongoose (
4561:Rhynchogale melleri
4559:Meller's mongoose (
4550:Selous's mongoose (
4534:Ichneumia albicauda
4488:Collared mongoose (
4362:Angolan kusimanse (
4246:Liberian mongoose (
3599:West African oyan (
3498:Civettictis civetta
3429:Golden palm civet (
3387:Masked palm civet (
3362:Arctictis binturong
3336:Hemigalus derbyanus
3334:Banded palm civet (
3325:Hose's palm civet (
3114:Rusty-spotted cat (
2270:2010JMBUK..90.1483E
2175:2021SciA....7.3674L
2095:2020ASAJ..148.3784C
1673:2017PLoSO..1282922Z
1469:2004MEPS..281..275M
1393:2003MEPS..264..109D
1255:Journal of Heredity
1234:Shirihai H (2006).
1134:National Geographic
1056:Seals and sea lions
899:Conservation status
893:Antarctic toothfish
588:Baby Weddell seal,
326:Antarctic continent
308:to the area of the
251:Weddell seal range
67:Conservation status
7818:European polecat (
7651:Colombian weasel (
7301:(African polecats)
6929:Caucasian badger (
6857:(Eurasian badgers)
6307:(hog-nosed skunks)
6044:("southern seals")
5943:Halichoerus grypus
5874:("northern seals")
5746:Phocarctos hookeri
5651:Eumetopias jubatus
5649:Steller sea lion (
5431:Asian black bear (
5181:African wild dog (
5135:(wolf-like canids)
4412:Atilax paludinosus
4371:Common kusimanse (
4298:Dologale dybowskii
4270:Gambian mongoose (
4054:Western falanouc (
4045:Eastern falanouc (
4014:Cryptoprocta ferox
3919:Parahyaena brunnea
3674:Johnston's genet (
3629:Abyssinian genet (
3581:(African linsangs)
3489:Viverricula indica
3420:Brown palm civet (
3411:Asian palm civet (
3318:Cynogale bennettii
3309:Chrotogale owstoni
3205:European wildcat (
3196:Black-footed cat (
2786:Leptailurus serval
2754:Asian golden cat (
2520:(Asiatic linsangs)
2104:10.1121/10.0002867
1996:10.1007/bf00443448
1492:Riedman M (1990).
1478:10.3354/meps281275
1402:10.3354/meps264109
1238:. A. and C. Black.
1075:American Zoologist
811:
783:Ommatophoca rossii
734:
628:
593:
470:Weddell seals are
428:
348:
9762:
9761:
9708:Open Tree of Life
9459:Taxon identifiers
9450:
9449:
9446:
9445:
9433:List of pinnipeds
9413:
9412:
9400:
9399:
9396:
9395:
9392:
9391:
9388:
9387:
9186:
9185:
9182:
9181:
8871:
8870:
8844:
8843:
8840:
8839:
8836:
8835:
8832:
8831:
8828:
8827:
8800:
8799:
8796:
8795:
8515:
8514:
8096:
8095:
7985:Amphicynodontidae
7873:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7865:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7836:Siberian weasel (
7827:American ermine (
7755:Japanese weasel (
7710:Mountain weasel (
7694:
7617:
7616:
7403:
7388:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7372:Striped polecat (
7322:Marbled polecat (
7304:
7289:
7288:
7261:
7209:
7208:
7188:Japanese marten (
7134:American marten (
7127:
6985:M. cucphuongensis
6976:
6959:
6958:
6947:European badger (
6920:Japanese badger (
6860:
6813:American badger (
6776:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6672:
6631:Northern olingo (
6615:
6590:Cozumel raccoon (
6565:
6489:
6488:
6443:
6402:
6310:
6291:
6233:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6207:Ommatophoca rossi
6180:Hydrurga leptonyx
6167:
6164:(Antarctic seals)
6137:M. angustirostris
6128:
6111:
6110:
6077:Monachus monachus
6064:
6047:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
5877:
5860:
5843:
5842:
5705:Otaria flavescens
5694:
5693:
5605:
5573:Odobenus rosmarus
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5488:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5363:Spectacled bear (
5321:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5137:
5124:
5123:
5043:Crab-eating fox (
5034:Short-eared dog (
4982:
4967:
4954:
4953:
4836:
4778:Otocyon megalotis
4722:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4541:Yellow mongoose (
4392:
4391:
4279:Banded mongoose (
4248:Liberiictus kuhni
4202:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4066:
4065:
3992:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3897:
3858:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3728:Servaline genet (
3647:Bourlon's genet (
3622:
3583:
3559:
3558:
3441:
3440:
3413:P. hermaphroditus
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3178:African wildcat (
3135:
3134:
3105:Flat-headed cat (
3045:
3044:
2829:
2828:
2766:
2765:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2604:Clouded leopard (
2563:
2538:Spotted linsang (
2522:
2487:Nandinia binotata
1947:(10): 2133–2136.
1597:The Antarctic Sun
1113:978-0-7894-7764-4
1069:Siniff D (1991).
1027:978-0-8018-8221-0
1008:"Order Carnivora"
1004:Wozencraft, W. C.
797:Population status
726:
547:chinstrap penguin
478:, bottom-feeding
312:now known as the
273:
272:
208:L. weddellii
197:
90:
55:Mikkelsen Harbour
27:Species of mammal
16:(Redirected from
9832:
9800:Mammals of Chile
9755:
9754:
9742:
9741:
9729:
9728:
9716:
9715:
9703:
9702:
9690:
9689:
9677:
9676:
9667:
9666:
9654:
9653:
9641:
9640:
9628:
9627:
9615:
9614:
9602:
9601:
9589:
9588:
9576:
9575:
9563:
9562:
9550:
9549:
9537:
9536:
9527:
9526:
9514:
9513:
9501:
9500:
9499:
9486:
9485:
9484:
9454:
9419:
9408:
9355:
9311:
9301:
9271:
9263:
9244:
9224:
9205:
9197:
9170:
9160:
9150:
9140:
9123:
9085:
9080:
9061:
9051:
9041:
9031:
9021:
9011:
9001:
8991:
8981:
8971:
8961:
8951:
8943:
8895:
8890:
8877:
8866:
8860:
8854:
8853:
8806:
8777:
8767:
8743:
8719:
8709:
8686:
8676:
8646:
8616:
8606:
8596:
8586:
8576:
8566:
8556:
8546:
8536:
8528:
8503:
8493:
8483:
8445:
8435:
8425:
8415:
8385:
8362:
8352:
8342:
8332:
8322:
8312:
8302:
8278:
8268:
8258:
8235:
8227:
8206:
8198:
8187:
8166:
8156:
8146:
8138:
8117:
8109:
8055:
7983:
7978:
7974:
7961:
7900:
7893:
7886:
7877:
7809:Malayan weasel (
7728:Steppe polecat (
7701:Sichuan weasel (
7693:
7692:
7688:
7628:
7565:L. perspicillata
7530:Eurasian otter (
7407:
7402:
7401:
7397:
7308:
7303:
7302:
7298:
7277:Greater grison (
7260:
7259:
7255:
7229:
7220:
7170:Nilgiri marten (
7143:Pacific marten (
7126:
7125:
7121:
7047:
7030:M. subaurantiaca
6975:
6974:
6973:(ferret-badgers)
6970:
6864:
6859:
6858:
6854:
6806:
6795:
6782:
6676:
6671:
6670:
6666:
6614:
6613:
6609:
6564:
6563:
6559:
6500:
6442:
6441:
6440:(spotted skunks)
6437:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6309:
6308:
6304:
6295:
6290:
6289:
6281:
6252:
6239:
6196:Crabeater seal (
6171:
6166:
6165:
6161:
6127:
6126:
6125:(elephant seals)
6122:
6101:N. schauinslandi
6068:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6051:
6046:
6045:
6041:
5916:
5881:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5864:
5859:
5858:
5852:
5813:Brown fur seal (
5788:A. galapagoensis
5675:Z. californianus
5642:
5609:
5604:
5603:
5589:
5559:
5551:
5543:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5391:Melursus ursinus
5382:
5325:
5320:
5317:
5310:
5277:Ethiopian wolf (
5141:
5136:
5133:
4986:
4981:
4978:
4971:
4966:
4963:
4852:Blanford's fox (
4835:
4828:
4769:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4497:Ruddy mongoose (
4479:Javan mongoose (
4410:Marsh mongoose (
4403:
4382:C. platycephalus
4215:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4077:
4021:Malagasy civet (
4005:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3979:
3974:
3901:
3896:
3893:
3862:
3857:
3854:
3847:
3843:
3830:
3794:
3621:
3618:
3582:
3579:
3570:
3480:
3476:
3465:
3460:
3447:
3353:
3295:
3284:
3271:
3065:Otocolobus manul
3056:
2978:
2854:Geoffroy's cat (
2777:
2707:
2698:
2693:
2581:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2552:
2529:Banded linsang (
2521:
2518:
2510:
2499:
2478:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2373:
2329:
2328:
2318:
2316:2060/20110022991
2301:(7): 1027–1040.
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2264:(8): 1483–1487.
2249:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2194:
2169:(39): eabh3674.
2163:Science Advances
2154:
2148:
2147:
2142:Rice DW (1998).
2139:
2133:
2132:
2106:
2089:(6): 3784–3796.
2074:
2068:
2067:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1897:
1886:
1885:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1797:(9): 2084–2086.
1786:
1780:
1779:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1564:(9): 1899–1902.
1553:
1547:
1546:
1536:
1519:(5): 1027–1031.
1504:
1498:
1497:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1337:
1316:
1315:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1216:
1215:
1197:
1178:
1177:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1145:on June 27, 2017
1124:
1118:
1117:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1040:
1039:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
984:
954:
905:Antarctic Treaty
727:
698:citrate synthase
681:thermoregulatory
625:Deception Island
529:are known to be
267:
261:
255:
246:
228:
192:
105:
104:
84:
79:
78:
51:D'Hainaut Island
44:
32:
21:
9840:
9839:
9835:
9834:
9833:
9831:
9830:
9829:
9765:
9764:
9763:
9758:
9750:
9745:
9737:
9732:
9724:
9719:
9711:
9706:
9698:
9693:
9685:
9682:Observation.org
9680:
9672:
9670:
9662:
9657:
9649:
9644:
9636:
9631:
9623:
9618:
9610:
9605:
9597:
9592:
9584:
9579:
9571:
9566:
9558:
9553:
9545:
9540:
9532:
9530:
9522:
9517:
9509:
9504:
9495:
9494:
9489:
9480:
9479:
9474:
9461:
9451:
9442:
9424:
9409:
9384:
9326:
9279:
9252:
9213:
9178:
9108:
9069:
8974:Kamtschatarctos
8932:
8897:Desmatophocidae
8884:
8867:
8848:
8824:
8792:
8694:
8654:
8624:
8524:
8511:
8400:
8370:
8243:
8223:
8214:
8194:
8183:
8174:
8134:
8132:Pinnipediformes
8125:
8105:
8103:Pinnipedimorpha
8092:
8048:
7968:
7955:
7911:
7904:
7874:
7853:
7829:M. richardsonii
7773:European mink (
7690:
7689:
7687:
7677:
7669:American mink (
7642:Amazon weasel (
7613:
7571:
7547:
7514:
7497:
7473:
7422:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7380:
7347:
7330:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7285:
7268:Lesser grison (
7257:
7256:
7254:
7244:
7205:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7110:
7086:
7062:
7036:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6955:
6904:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6845:
6821:
6802:
6789:
6768:
6740:
6707:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6657:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6598:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6548:
6515:
6485:
6452:S. angustifrons
6439:
6438:
6436:
6426:
6399:(stink badgers)
6398:
6397:
6395:
6385:
6377:Striped skunk (
6352:
6346:C. semistriatus
6306:
6305:
6303:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6272:
6266:Ailurus fulgens
6246:
6213:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6152:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6107:
6083:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6024:
5982:
5949:
5905:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5839:
5752:
5735:
5711:
5690:
5657:
5631:
5598:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5579:
5553:
5549:
5521:
5501:
5484:
5483:
5457:
5406:
5371:
5347:
5318:
5316:
5306:
5285:
5214:Golden jackal (
5198:
5172:
5134:
5132:
5120:
5051:
5045:Cerdocyon thous
5025:
5001:
4979:
4977:
4964:
4962:
4950:
4915:RĂĽppell's fox (
4829:
4827:
4817:
4802:N. procyonoides
4784:
4776:Bat-eared fox (
4758:
4723:
4719:
4705:
4701:
4669:
4654:H. pulverulenta
4609:
4567:
4523:
4490:U. semitorquata
4445:U. auropunctata
4427:
4388:
4337:
4304:
4287:
4254:
4237:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4175:
4142:
4125:
4092:
4086:Galidia elegans
4062:
4029:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3975:
3970:
3949:
3941:Spotted hyena (
3925:
3908:Striped hyena (
3894:
3892:
3884:
3855:
3853:
3837:
3812:
3772:
3710:Aquatic genet (
3701:Pardine genet (
3638:Angolan genet (
3619:
3617:
3607:
3592:P. richardsonii
3580:
3578:
3555:
3538:Malayan civet (
3504:
3496:African civet (
3472:
3471:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3437:
3395:
3342:
3327:Diplogale hosei
3291:
3278:
3253:
3213:
3131:
3071:
3051:
3041:
3017:
3000:
2973:
2967:
2941:Eurasian lynx (
2916:
2825:
2792:
2772:
2762:
2729:
2702:
2694:
2689:
2672:
2612:
2564:
2560:
2546:
2519:
2506:
2493:
2474:
2461:
2457:
2445:
2407:
2400:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2024:
2023:
2019:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1899:
1898:
1889:
1874:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1830:10.2307/1378453
1815:
1814:
1810:
1803:10.1139/z83-273
1788:
1787:
1783:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1667:(8): e0182922.
1654:
1653:
1646:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1430:10.2307/1379469
1415:
1414:
1410:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1354:10.2307/1936247
1339:
1338:
1319:
1304:10.2307/3798043
1289:
1288:
1284:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1232:
1219:
1212:
1199:
1198:
1181:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1054:Todd B (2002).
1053:
1052:
1043:
1028:
1002:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
956:
955:
942:
937:
925:
901:
834:
799:
762:in the past as
756:
720:
718:
582:
539:emperor penguin
456:
420:
415:
340:
269:
265:
263:
259:
257:
253:
237:
230:
224:
211:
191:
99:
91:
80:
76:
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9838:
9836:
9828:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9767:
9766:
9760:
9759:
9757:
9756:
9743:
9730:
9717:
9704:
9691:
9678:
9668:
9655:
9642:
9629:
9616:
9603:
9590:
9577:
9564:
9551:
9538:
9528:
9515:
9502:
9487:
9471:
9469:
9463:
9462:
9457:
9448:
9447:
9444:
9443:
9441:
9440:
9435:
9429:
9426:
9425:
9422:
9415:
9414:
9411:
9410:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9397:
9394:
9393:
9390:
9389:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9382:
9375:
9368:
9361:
9351:
9344:
9336:
9334:
9328:
9327:
9325:
9324:
9317:
9307:
9297:
9289:
9287:
9281:
9280:
9278:
9277:
9266:
9260:
9254:
9253:
9251:
9250:
9240:
9232:
9230:
9221:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9211:
9200:
9194:
9188:
9187:
9184:
9183:
9180:
9179:
9177:
9176:
9166:
9156:
9146:
9136:
9129:
9118:
9116:
9110:
9109:
9107:
9106:
9099:
9091:
9089:
9077:
9071:
9070:
9068:
9067:
9057:
9047:
9037:
9027:
9017:
9007:
8997:
8987:
8977:
8967:
8957:
8954:Archaeodobenus
8946:
8940:
8934:
8933:
8931:
8930:
8923:
8916:
8909:
8901:
8899:
8886:
8885:
8880:
8873:
8872:
8869:
8868:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8841:
8838:
8837:
8834:
8833:
8830:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8822:
8821:
8820:
8814:
8812:
8802:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8783:
8773:
8763:
8756:
8749:
8739:
8732:
8725:
8715:
8704:
8702:
8696:
8695:
8693:
8692:
8682:
8672:
8664:
8662:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8652:
8642:
8634:
8632:
8626:
8625:
8623:
8622:
8612:
8602:
8592:
8582:
8572:
8562:
8552:
8542:
8531:
8525:
8520:
8517:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8510:
8509:
8499:
8496:Properiptychus
8489:
8479:
8472:
8465:
8458:
8451:
8441:
8431:
8421:
8410:
8408:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8398:
8391:
8380:
8378:
8372:
8371:
8369:
8368:
8358:
8348:
8338:
8328:
8318:
8308:
8298:
8291:
8284:
8274:
8264:
8253:
8251:
8245:
8244:
8242:
8241:
8230:
8224:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8201:
8195:
8190:
8184:
8179:
8176:
8175:
8173:
8172:
8162:
8152:
8141:
8135:
8130:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8112:
8106:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8090:
8083:
8076:
8069:
8061:
8059:
8050:
8049:
8047:
8046:
8039:
8032:
8025:
8018:
8011:
8004:
7997:
7989:
7987:
7970:
7969:
7966:Pan-Pinnipedia
7964:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7953:
7947:
7941:
7935:
7929:
7923:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7905:
7903:
7902:
7895:
7888:
7880:
7871:
7870:
7867:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7851:
7847:M. strigidorsa
7842:
7833:
7824:
7815:
7806:
7800:Least weasel (
7797:
7788:
7779:
7770:
7761:
7752:
7746:Haida ermine (
7743:
7734:
7730:M. eversmannii
7725:
7716:
7707:
7697:
7695:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7675:
7666:
7657:
7648:
7638:
7636:
7625:
7619:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7602:
7593:
7583:
7581:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7559:
7557:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7536:
7526:
7524:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7512:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7496:
7495:
7485:
7483:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7471:
7462:
7458:L. longicaudis
7453:
7447:Marine otter (
7444:
7434:
7432:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7420:
7410:
7404:
7390:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7369:
7359:
7357:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7345:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7318:
7316:
7305:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7274:
7264:
7262:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7232:
7226:
7217:
7211:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7204:
7203:
7194:
7185:
7176:
7167:
7161:Beech marten (
7158:
7149:
7140:
7130:
7128:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7108:
7098:
7096:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7084:
7074:
7072:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7050:
7044:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7025:
7016:
7007:
6998:
6989:
6979:
6977:
6961:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6944:
6938:Asian badger (
6935:
6926:
6916:
6914:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6893:
6884:
6880:A. albogularis
6874:
6872:
6861:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6837:Honey badger (
6833:
6831:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6809:
6803:
6798:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6764:
6758:
6756:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6729:
6719:
6717:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6696:
6686:
6684:
6673:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6646:
6637:
6628:
6618:
6616:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6587:
6578:
6574:P. cancrivorus
6568:
6566:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6542:B. sumichrasti
6537:
6527:
6525:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6503:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6474:
6465:
6456:
6446:
6444:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6415:
6405:
6403:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6374:
6368:Hooded skunk (
6364:
6362:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6341:
6332:
6323:
6313:
6311:
6292:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6260:
6258:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6235:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6202:
6193:
6187:Weddell seal (
6184:
6178:Leopard seal (
6174:
6168:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6141:
6131:
6129:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6095:
6093:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6071:
6065:
6048:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6013:
6004:
5998:Caspian seal (
5994:
5992:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5971:
5965:Spotted seal (
5961:
5959:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5938:
5929:
5919:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5894:
5888:Bearded seal (
5884:
5878:
5861:
5857:or true seals)
5855:(earless seals
5845:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5828:
5819:
5810:
5801:
5792:
5783:
5774:
5764:
5762:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5723:
5721:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5679:
5669:
5667:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5645:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5619:
5617:
5606:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5567:
5565:
5555:
5554:
5546:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5511:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5491:
5489:
5473:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5446:
5437:
5428:
5418:
5416:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5395:
5385:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5359:
5357:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5341:A. melanoleuca
5335:
5333:
5322:
5307:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5274:
5265:
5259:Eastern wolf (
5256:
5247:
5241:African wolf (
5238:
5229:
5223:Domestic dog (
5220:
5210:
5208:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5187:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5161:
5151:
5149:
5138:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5109:
5103:Sechuran fox (
5100:
5096:L. gymnocercus
5091:
5082:
5076:Darwin's fox (
5073:
5063:
5061:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5040:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4989:
4983:
4968:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4939:
4930:
4921:
4912:
4903:
4894:
4885:
4876:
4867:
4858:
4849:
4845:V. bengalensis
4839:
4837:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4806:
4796:
4794:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4747:
4737:
4735:
4724:
4714:
4707:
4706:
4698:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4658:
4649:
4640:
4631:
4621:
4619:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4598:
4589:
4585:B. crassicauda
4579:
4577:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4556:
4547:
4538:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4512:
4503:
4494:
4485:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4416:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4212:
4203:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4119:G. grandidieri
4114:
4104:
4102:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4051:
4041:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4018:
4008:
4002:
3993:
3976:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3914:
3904:
3898:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3859:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3761:
3752:
3743:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3707:
3698:
3689:
3683:Letaba genet (
3680:
3671:
3665:Common genet (
3662:
3653:
3644:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3596:
3586:
3584:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3493:
3483:
3477:
3462:
3450:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3431:P. zeylonensis
3426:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3389:Paguma larvata
3384:
3375:
3366:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3292:
3287:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3175:
3166:
3160:Domestic cat (
3157:
3147:
3145:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3120:
3116:P. rubiginosus
3111:
3102:
3093:
3089:P. bengalensis
3083:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3063:Pallas's cat (
3059:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2956:
2950:Iberian lynx (
2947:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2704:
2695:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2628:Snow leopard (
2624:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2578:
2565:
2555:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2475:
2470:
2463:
2462:
2454:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2441:Laurasiatheria
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2336:External links
2334:
2331:
2330:
2285:
2244:
2226:
2217:CCAMLR Science
2206:
2149:
2134:
2069:
2034:(3): 286–290.
2017:
1990:(3): 165–166.
1974:
1931:
1887:
1872:
1851:
1824:(1): 216–218.
1808:
1781:
1762:(4): 643–652.
1745:
1726:(2): 158–172.
1706:
1644:
1625:(2): 227–250.
1609:
1583:
1548:
1499:
1484:
1443:
1424:(3): 563–574.
1408:
1367:
1348:(4): 573–586.
1317:
1298:(3): 464–470.
1282:
1261:(3): 286–290.
1241:
1217:
1210:
1179:
1156:
1119:
1112:
1094:
1081:(1): 143–149.
1061:
1041:
1026:
995:
939:
938:
936:
933:
932:
931:
924:
921:
900:
897:
868:is uncertain.
849:climate change
844:in the 1980s.
833:
830:
798:
795:
787:crabeater seal
755:
752:
717:
714:
669:austral summer
581:
578:
543:Adélie penguin
535:gentoo penguin
455:
452:
419:
416:
414:
411:
359:and a broader
339:
336:
310:Southern Ocean
271:
270:
264:
258:
252:
248:
247:
239:
238:
231:
220:
219:
213:
212:
205:
203:
199:
198:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
93:
92:
74:
71:
70:
65:
62:
61:
59:Trinity Island
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9837:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9772:
9770:
9753:
9748:
9744:
9740:
9735:
9731:
9727:
9722:
9718:
9714:
9709:
9705:
9701:
9696:
9692:
9688:
9683:
9679:
9675:
9669:
9665:
9660:
9656:
9652:
9647:
9643:
9639:
9634:
9630:
9626:
9621:
9617:
9613:
9608:
9604:
9600:
9595:
9591:
9587:
9582:
9578:
9574:
9569:
9565:
9561:
9556:
9552:
9548:
9543:
9539:
9535:
9529:
9525:
9520:
9516:
9512:
9507:
9503:
9498:
9492:
9488:
9483:
9477:
9473:
9472:
9470:
9468:
9464:
9460:
9455:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9430:
9427:
9420:
9416:
9407:
9381:
9380:
9376:
9374:
9373:
9369:
9367:
9366:
9362:
9360:
9359:
9352:
9350:
9349:
9345:
9343:
9342:
9341:Arctocephalus
9338:
9337:
9335:
9333:
9329:
9323:
9322:
9318:
9316:
9315:
9308:
9306:
9305:
9298:
9296:
9295:
9291:
9290:
9288:
9286:
9282:
9276:
9275:
9268:
9267:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9255:
9249:
9248:
9241:
9239:
9238:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9229:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9216:
9210:
9209:
9202:
9201:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9189:
9175:
9174:
9167:
9165:
9164:
9157:
9155:
9154:
9147:
9145:
9144:
9137:
9135:
9134:
9130:
9128:
9127:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9115:
9111:
9105:
9104:
9100:
9098:
9097:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9088:
9087:Dusignathinae
9081:
9078:
9076:
9072:
9066:
9065:
9058:
9056:
9055:
9048:
9046:
9045:
9038:
9036:
9035:
9034:Proneotherium
9028:
9026:
9025:
9018:
9016:
9015:
9008:
9006:
9005:
8998:
8996:
8995:
8988:
8986:
8985:
8978:
8976:
8975:
8968:
8966:
8965:
8958:
8956:
8955:
8948:
8947:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8935:
8929:
8928:
8924:
8922:
8921:
8917:
8915:
8914:
8910:
8908:
8907:
8903:
8902:
8900:
8898:
8891:
8887:
8883:
8878:
8874:
8865:
8861:
8859:
8852:
8818:
8817:
8816:
8815:
8813:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8789:
8788:
8784:
8782:
8781:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8757:
8755:
8754:
8750:
8748:
8747:
8740:
8738:
8737:
8733:
8731:
8730:
8726:
8724:
8723:
8716:
8714:
8713:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8701:
8697:
8691:
8690:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8673:
8671:
8670:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8657:
8651:
8650:
8643:
8641:
8640:
8636:
8635:
8633:
8631:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8619:Sarmatonectes
8613:
8611:
8610:
8603:
8601:
8600:
8593:
8591:
8590:
8583:
8581:
8580:
8573:
8571:
8570:
8563:
8561:
8560:
8553:
8551:
8550:
8543:
8541:
8540:
8533:
8532:
8529:
8526:
8523:
8518:
8508:
8507:
8506:Virginiaphoca
8500:
8498:
8497:
8490:
8488:
8487:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8473:
8471:
8470:
8466:
8464:
8463:
8462:Leptonychotes
8459:
8457:
8456:
8452:
8450:
8449:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8432:
8430:
8429:
8428:Australophoca
8422:
8420:
8419:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8403:
8397:
8396:
8392:
8390:
8389:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8377:
8373:
8367:
8366:
8359:
8357:
8356:
8349:
8347:
8346:
8339:
8337:
8336:
8329:
8327:
8326:
8319:
8317:
8316:
8309:
8307:
8306:
8299:
8297:
8296:
8292:
8290:
8289:
8285:
8283:
8282:
8275:
8273:
8272:
8265:
8263:
8262:
8255:
8254:
8252:
8250:
8246:
8240:
8239:
8232:
8231:
8228:
8225:
8222:
8217:
8211:
8210:
8203:
8202:
8199:
8196:
8193:
8188:
8185:
8182:
8177:
8171:
8170:
8163:
8161:
8160:
8159:Pinnarctidion
8153:
8151:
8150:
8149:Pacificotaria
8143:
8142:
8139:
8136:
8133:
8128:
8122:
8121:
8114:
8113:
8110:
8107:
8104:
8099:
8089:
8088:
8084:
8082:
8081:
8077:
8075:
8074:
8073:Potamotherium
8070:
8068:
8067:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8058:
8051:
8045:
8044:
8040:
8038:
8037:
8033:
8031:
8030:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8019:
8017:
8016:
8012:
8010:
8009:
8005:
8003:
8002:
7998:
7996:
7995:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7986:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7967:
7962:
7958:
7952:
7948:
7946:
7942:
7940:
7936:
7934:
7930:
7928:
7924:
7922:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7909:
7901:
7896:
7894:
7889:
7887:
7882:
7881:
7878:
7850:
7848:
7843:
7841:
7839:
7834:
7832:
7830:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7816:
7814:
7812:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7798:
7796:
7794:
7789:
7787:
7785:
7784:M. lutreolina
7780:
7778:
7776:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7753:
7751:
7749:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7735:
7733:
7731:
7726:
7724:
7722:
7717:
7715:
7713:
7708:
7706:
7704:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7686:
7685:
7680:
7674:
7672:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7649:
7647:
7645:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7634:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7620:
7610:
7608:
7603:
7601:
7599:
7594:
7592:
7590:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7579:
7574:
7568:
7566:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7544:
7542:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7523:
7522:
7517:
7511:
7509:
7504:
7503:
7500:
7494:
7492:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7482:
7481:
7476:
7470:
7468:
7463:
7461:
7459:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7440:L. canadensis
7436:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7419:
7417:
7414:Giant otter (
7412:
7411:
7408:
7405:
7395:
7391:
7377:
7375:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7344:
7342:
7337:
7336:
7333:
7327:
7325:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7314:
7309:
7306:
7296:
7292:
7282:
7280:
7275:
7273:
7271:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7241:
7239:
7234:
7233:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7212:
7202:
7200:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7186:
7184:
7182:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7172:M. gwatkinsii
7168:
7166:
7164:
7159:
7157:
7155:
7150:
7148:
7146:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7119:
7118:
7113:
7107:
7105:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7094:
7089:
7083:
7081:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7059:
7057:
7052:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7039:
7033:
7031:
7026:
7024:
7022:
7017:
7015:
7013:
7012:M. orientalis
7008:
7006:
7004:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6990:
6988:
6986:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6968:
6967:
6962:
6952:
6950:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6927:
6925:
6923:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6862:
6852:
6848:
6842:
6840:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6824:
6818:
6816:
6815:Taxidea taxus
6811:
6810:
6807:
6804:
6801:
6796:
6792:
6788:
6783:
6779:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6755:
6751:
6737:
6735:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6725:N. meridensis
6721:
6720:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6704:
6702:
6697:
6695:
6693:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6677:
6674:
6664:
6660:
6654:
6652:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6629:
6627:
6625:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6607:
6606:
6601:
6595:
6593:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6545:
6543:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6512:
6510:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6482:
6480:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6466:
6464:
6462:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6435:
6434:
6429:
6423:
6421:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6411:M. javanensis
6407:
6406:
6404:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6382:
6380:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6349:
6347:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6337:C. leuconotus
6333:
6331:
6329:
6328:C. humboldtii
6324:
6322:
6320:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6293:
6287:
6279:
6275:
6269:
6267:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6240:
6236:
6210:
6208:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6159:
6155:
6149:
6147:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6104:
6102:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6080:
6078:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6056:
6052:
6049:
6039:
6035:
6021:
6019:
6016:Baikal seal (
6014:
6012:
6010:
6007:Ringed seal (
6005:
6003:
6001:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5979:
5977:
5974:Harbor seal (
5972:
5970:
5968:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5946:
5944:
5939:
5937:
5935:
5932:Ribbon seal (
5930:
5928:
5926:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5897:Hooded seal (
5895:
5893:
5891:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5850:
5846:
5836:
5834:
5833:A. tropicalis
5829:
5827:
5825:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5759:Arctocephalus
5755:
5749:
5747:
5742:
5741:
5738:
5732:
5730:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5708:
5706:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5687:
5685:
5684:Z. wollebaeki
5680:
5678:
5676:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5660:
5654:
5652:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5634:
5628:
5626:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5610:
5607:
5601:
5596:
5592:(eared seals:
5587:
5582:
5576:
5574:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5544:
5540:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5454:
5452:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5433:U. thibetanus
5429:
5427:
5425:
5424:U. americanus
5420:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5401:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5342:
5339:Giant panda (
5337:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5323:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5300:
5282:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5225:C. familiaris
5221:
5219:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5183:Lycaon pictus
5179:
5178:
5175:
5169:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5139:
5131:
5127:
5117:
5115:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5048:
5046:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5022:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4998:
4996:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4961:
4957:
4947:
4945:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4879:Tibetan fox (
4877:
4875:
4873:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4833:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4811:N. viverrinus
4807:
4805:
4803:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4752:U. littoralis
4748:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4725:
4717:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4696:
4692:
4666:
4664:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4627:H. flavescens
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4517:U. vitticolla
4513:
4511:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4422:
4421:Xenogale naso
4417:
4415:
4413:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4195:
4194:sensu stricto
4190:
4186:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4122:
4120:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4023:Fossa fossana
4019:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3946:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3917:Brown hyena (
3915:
3913:
3911:
3910:Hyaena hyaena
3906:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3737:Hausa genet (
3735:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3640:G. angolensis
3636:
3634:
3632:
3631:G. abyssinica
3627:
3626:
3624:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3540:V. tangalunga
3536:
3534:
3532:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3474:sensu stricto
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3348:Paradoxurinae
3345:
3339:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3316:Otter civet (
3314:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3210:
3208:
3207:F. silvestris
3203:
3201:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3125:P. viverrinus
3123:Fishing cat (
3121:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3098:P. javanensis
3094:
3092:
3090:
3087:Leopard cat (
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2934:L. canadensis
2932:Canada lynx (
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2756:C. temminckii
2752:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2721:Marbled cat (
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2691:sensu stricto
2688:
2683:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2540:P. pardicolor
2536:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:Polar Biology
1978:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1941:Polar Biology
1935:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1873:9780872010000
1869:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:Polar Biology
1552:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:Polar Biology
1510:
1503:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:9781862912212
1207:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1168:: 1048–1051.
1167:
1160:
1157:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:Wilson, D. E.
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
983:
978:
974:
970:
969:
964:
962:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
941:
934:
930:
927:
926:
922:
920:
918:
914:
913:least concern
910:
906:
898:
896:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
869:
867:
863:
862:South Georgia
859:
855:
850:
845:
843:
839:
831:
829:
825:
822:
818:
816:
808:
803:
796:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
774:before 1988.
773:
769:
765:
761:
753:
751:
748:
747:vocalisations
744:
740:
732:
715:
713:
711:
710:mitochondrial
707:
703:
699:
694:
690:
686:
682:
677:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
626:
621:
617:
615:
614:vocalisations
611:
606:
602:
598:
591:
586:
579:
577:
575:
574:leopard seals
571:
570:killer whales
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:Antarctic cod
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:top predators
468:
466:
461:
453:
451:
449:
446:movement and
445:
441:
437:
433:
424:
417:
412:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
344:
337:
335:
333:
332:
331:Leptonychotes
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:James Weddell
303:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:
278:
249:
245:
240:
235:
229:
227:
221:
218:
217:Binomial name
214:
210:
209:
204:
201:
200:
195:
190:
189:
188:Leptonychotes
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
103:
98:
94:
88:
83:
82:Least Concern
72:
68:
63:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:Weddell seal
33:
30:
19:
9466:
9377:
9370:
9363:
9356:
9346:
9339:
9319:
9314:Proterozetes
9312:
9304:Oriensarctos
9302:
9292:
9274:Thalassoleon
9272:
9247:Pithanotaria
9245:
9235:
9206:
9192:Panotariidae
9171:
9163:Protodobenus
9161:
9151:
9141:
9131:
9124:
9101:
9094:
9062:
9052:
9042:
9032:
9022:
9014:Pelagiarctos
9012:
9002:
8992:
8982:
8972:
8962:
8952:
8925:
8920:Desmatophoca
8918:
8911:
8904:
8855:
8785:
8778:
8768:
8758:
8751:
8744:
8736:Histriophoca
8734:
8727:
8720:
8710:
8687:
8677:
8667:
8660:Cystophorini
8647:
8637:
8617:
8607:
8597:
8587:
8577:
8567:
8557:
8547:
8537:
8504:
8494:
8484:
8474:
8467:
8461:
8460:
8453:
8446:
8436:
8426:
8416:
8393:
8386:
8363:
8353:
8343:
8333:
8325:Palmidophoca
8323:
8313:
8303:
8293:
8286:
8279:
8269:
8259:
8238:Magnotherium
8236:
8207:
8169:Pteronarctos
8167:
8157:
8147:
8118:
8085:
8078:
8071:
8064:
8057:Semantoridae
8041:
8034:
8029:Pachycynodon
8027:
8020:
8013:
8008:Amphicynodon
8006:
8001:Amphicticeps
7999:
7992:
7949:Infraorder:
7846:
7837:
7828:
7819:
7810:
7801:
7792:
7783:
7774:
7765:
7756:
7747:
7738:
7729:
7720:
7711:
7702:
7682:
7670:
7661:
7652:
7643:
7631:
7606:
7597:
7588:
7576:
7564:
7552:
7541:L. sumatrana
7540:
7531:
7519:
7507:
7490:
7478:
7466:
7457:
7448:
7439:
7427:
7415:
7373:
7364:
7352:
7340:
7324:V. peregusna
7323:
7311:
7278:
7269:
7249:
7237:
7224:Lyncodontini
7215:Ictonychinae
7199:M. zibellina
7198:
7189:
7180:
7171:
7162:
7154:M. flavigula
7153:
7144:
7136:M. americana
7135:
7115:
7103:
7091:
7079:
7067:
7056:Eira barbara
7055:
7029:
7021:M. personata
7020:
7011:
7002:
6993:
6984:
6964:
6948:
6939:
6931:M. canescens
6930:
6921:
6909:
6897:
6888:
6879:
6867:
6838:
6826:
6814:
6733:
6724:
6712:
6700:
6691:
6679:
6650:
6641:
6632:
6623:
6603:
6591:
6582:
6573:
6553:
6541:
6540:Cacomistle (
6532:
6520:
6509:Potos flavus
6508:
6478:
6469:
6460:
6451:
6431:
6419:
6410:
6390:
6378:
6369:
6357:
6345:
6336:
6327:
6318:
6298:
6265:
6206:
6197:
6188:
6186:
6179:
6145:
6136:
6116:
6100:
6088:
6076:
6061:(monk seals)
6017:
6008:
5999:
5987:
5975:
5966:
5954:
5942:
5933:
5924:
5898:
5889:
5832:
5824:A. townsendi
5823:
5814:
5806:A. philippii
5805:
5796:
5787:
5778:
5770:A. australis
5769:
5757:
5745:
5728:
5716:
5704:
5683:
5674:
5662:
5650:
5624:
5612:
5572:
5451:U. maritimus
5450:
5449:Polar bear (
5441:
5440:Brown bear (
5432:
5423:
5411:
5399:
5390:
5389:Sloth bear (
5364:
5352:
5340:
5328:
5278:
5269:
5260:
5251:
5242:
5233:
5224:
5215:
5203:
5192:Cuon alpinus
5191:
5182:
5166:L. mesomelas
5165:
5156:
5144:
5113:
5104:
5095:
5094:Pampas fox (
5086:
5077:
5068:
5056:
5044:
5035:
5019:S. venaticus
5018:
5006:
4994:
4993:Maned wolf (
4975:Cerdocyonina
4943:
4942:Fennec fox (
4934:
4925:
4917:V. rueppelli
4916:
4907:
4898:
4889:
4888:Arctic fox (
4881:V. ferrilata
4880:
4871:
4870:Corsac fox (
4862:
4853:
4844:
4843:Bengal fox (
4822:
4810:
4801:
4789:
4777:
4751:
4750:Island fox (
4742:
4730:
4663:H. sanguinea
4662:
4653:
4644:
4636:H. ichneumon
4635:
4626:
4614:
4602:
4593:
4584:
4572:
4560:
4551:
4542:
4533:
4516:
4507:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4471:
4463:U. edwardsii
4462:
4454:U. brachyura
4453:
4444:
4432:
4420:
4411:
4381:
4372:
4363:
4355:C. alexandri
4354:
4342:
4330:
4321:
4309:
4297:
4280:
4272:M. gambianus
4271:
4259:
4247:
4231:S. suricatta
4230:
4218:
4193:
4168:
4159:
4147:
4135:
4118:
4109:
4097:
4085:
4055:
4046:
4034:
4022:
4013:
3990:carnivorans)
3971:
3942:
3930:
3918:
3909:
3877:
3865:
3835:Herpestoidea
3798:Herpestoidea
3765:
3757:G. victoriae
3756:
3747:
3746:Cape genet (
3738:
3730:G. servalina
3729:
3720:
3719:King genet (
3712:G. piscivora
3711:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3676:G. johnstoni
3675:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3630:
3612:
3601:P. leightoni
3600:
3591:
3573:
3548:
3539:
3531:V. megaspila
3530:
3522:V. civettina
3521:
3509:
3497:
3488:
3473:
3457:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3335:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3206:
3197:
3189:F. margarita
3188:
3179:
3170:
3169:Jungle cat (
3161:
3152:
3140:
3124:
3115:
3107:P. planiceps
3106:
3097:
3088:
3078:Prionailurus
3076:
3064:
3034:
3022:
3010:
3009:Jaguarundi (
2993:
2981:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2921:
2909:
2900:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2856:L. geoffroyi
2855:
2846:
2845:Pampas cat (
2834:
2818:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2755:
2746:
2734:
2723:P. marmorata
2722:
2710:
2690:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2617:
2605:
2596:
2584:
2539:
2530:
2513:
2486:
2439:Superorder:
2433:Infraclass:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2143:
2137:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2031:
2027:
2020:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1909:
1905:
1863:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1664:
1660:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1586:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1493:
1487:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1345:
1341:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1235:
1201:
1165:
1159:
1149:November 17,
1147:. Retrieved
1143:the original
1132:
1122:
1103:
1097:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1055:
1016:
998:
986:. Retrieved
972:
966:
960:
929:Warren Zapol
902:
886:
878:oil drilling
870:
858:growth rates
846:
835:
826:
823:
819:
812:
809:, Antarctica
807:Neko Harbour
790:
782:
776:
763:
757:
735:
716:Vocalisation
678:
638:analyses of
629:
594:
567:
520:
469:
457:
448:tidal action
429:
377:
349:
330:
329:
318:life history
281:
280:
277:Weddell seal
276:
274:
225:
223:
207:
206:
187:
186:
160:
29:
9780:Lobodontins
9734:SeaLifeBase
9581:iNaturalist
9491:Wikispecies
9237:Callorhinus
9228:Callorhinae
9103:Gomphotaria
9096:Dusignathus
9064:Titanotaria
9054:Pseudotaria
8984:Nanodobenus
8729:Halichoerus
8630:Erignathini
8589:Monotherium
8579:Monachopsis
8539:Cryptophoca
8476:Ommatophoca
8406:Lobodontini
8365:Terranectes
8355:Pristiphoca
8295:Neomonachus
8271:Auroraphoca
8209:Devinophoca
8120:Enaliarctos
7838:M. sibirica
7820:M. putorius
7793:M. nigripes
7775:M. lutreola
7748:M. haidarum
7644:N. africana
7607:A. congicus
7598:A. cinereus
7589:A. capensis
7489:Sea otter (
7467:L. provocax
7374:I. striatus
7295:Ictonychini
7190:M. melampus
7102:Wolverine (
7080:P. pennanti
7003:M. moschata
6994:M. everetti
6940:M. leucurus
6898:A. hoevenii
6889:A. collaris
6839:M. capensis
6734:N. olivacea
6649:Olinguito (
6605:Bassaricyon
6592:P. pygmaeus
6522:Bassariscus
6495:Procyonidae
6470:S. putorius
6461:S. gracilis
6379:M. mephitis
6370:M. macroura
6264:Red panda (
6244:Musteloidea
6205:Ross seal (
6158:Lobodontini
6090:Neomonachus
6018:P. sibirica
5976:P. vitulina
5941:Grey seal (
5923:Harp seal (
5815:A. pusillus
5779:A. forsteri
5614:Callorhinus
5548:Pinnipedia
5507:Musteloidea
5279:C. simensis
5243:C. lupaster
5112:Hoary fox (
5105:L. sechurae
5078:L. fulvipes
5069:L. culpaeus
4965:(true dogs)
4924:Swift fox (
4899:V. macrotis
4791:Nyctereutes
4700:Caniformia
4645:H. ochracea
4603:B. nigripes
4594:B. jacksoni
4481:U. javanica
4398:Herpestinae
4373:C. obscurus
4364:C. ansorgei
4344:Crossarchus
4200:(mongooses)
4189:Herpestidae
4169:S. durrelli
4160:S. concolor
4110:G. fasciata
4047:E. goudotii
3968:Herpestidae
3878:P. cristata
3739:G. thierryi
3694:G. maculata
3658:G. cristata
3649:G. bourloni
3402:Paradoxurus
3360:Binturong (
3299:Hemigalinae
3276:Viverroidea
3239:Viverroidea
3198:F. nigripes
3050:Leopard cat
3035:P. concolor
2952:L. pardinus
2901:L. tigrinus
2892:L. pardalis
2883:L. jacobita
2874:L. guttulus
2847:L. colocola
2606:N. nebulosa
2576:Pantherinae
2456:Feliformia
1534:11336/93207
1463:: 563–574.
1387:: 109–122.
988:19 November
838:exploration
764:L. weddelli
731:Adélie Land
706:longissimus
590:Adélie Land
488:crustaceans
484:cephalopods
395:colouration
393:of similar
338:Description
314:Weddell Sea
291:circumpolar
268: Range
256: Water
18:Weddel seal
9769:Categories
9379:Phocarctos
9358:Hydrarctos
9348:Arctophoca
9294:Eumetopias
9173:Valenictus
9114:Odobeninae
9075:Neodobenia
9044:Prototaria
9004:Osodobenus
8994:Neotherium
8964:Imagotaria
8938:Odobenidae
8913:Atopotarus
8906:Allodesmus
8882:Otarioidea
8819:see below↓
8810:Otarioidea
8753:Pagophilus
8712:Batavipusa
8689:Pachyphoca
8669:Cystophora
8649:Platyphoca
8639:Erignathus
8599:Phocanella
8569:Leptophoca
8549:Frisiphoca
8486:Piscophoca
8438:Hadrokirus
8388:Callophoca
8376:Miroungini
8345:Pontophoca
8305:Eomonachus
8281:Messiphoca
8221:Monachinae
8181:Pinnipedia
8066:Necromites
8022:Kolponomos
7945:Caniformia
7943:Suborder:
7906:Genera of
7811:M. nudipes
7802:M. nivalis
7766:M. kathiah
7721:M. erminea
7712:M. altaica
7662:N. frenata
7653:N. felipei
7623:Mustelinae
7365:I. libycus
7279:G. vittata
7145:M. caurina
6922:M. anakuma
6800:Mustelidae
6787:Mustelidae
6763:see below↓
6754:Mustelidae
6651:B. neblina
6562:(raccoons)
6533:B. astutus
6531:Ringtail (
6507:Kinkajou (
6479:S. pygmaea
6420:M. marchei
6278:Mephitidae
6146:M. leonina
6038:Monachinae
6009:P. hispida
6000:P. caspica
5797:A. gazella
5729:N. cinerea
5625:C. ursinus
5563:Odobenidae
5516:see below↓
5496:see below↓
5480:Pinnipedia
5398:Sun bear (
5365:T. ornatus
5354:Tremarctos
5330:Ailuropoda
5268:Red wolf (
5234:C. latrans
5157:L. adustus
5114:L. vetulus
5087:L. griseus
5017:Bush dog (
4908:V. pallida
4906:Pale fox (
4890:V. lagopus
4861:Cape fox (
4741:Gray fox (
4499:U. smithii
4331:H. parvula
4322:H. hirtula
4210:Mungotinae
4099:Galidictis
4072:Galidiinae
4000:Euplerinae
3983:Eupleridae
3972:sensu lato
3943:C. crocuta
3876:Aardwolf (
3807:see below↓
3748:G. tigrina
3721:G. poensis
3703:G. pardina
3685:G. letabae
3667:G. genetta
3565:Genettinae
3549:V. zibetha
3469:Viverrinae
3458:sensu lato
3453:Viverrinae
3422:P. jerdoni
3289:Viverridae
3248:see below↓
3187:Sand cat (
2994:A. jubatus
2819:C. caracal
2712:Pardofelis
2531:P. linsang
2472:Feliformia
935:References
882:pesticides
866:plasticity
854:vulnerable
772:literature
652:Copulation
500:silverfish
365:laboratory
295:Antarctica
167:Pinnipedia
9285:Zalophini
9258:Otariinae
9219:Otariidae
9153:Pliopedia
9143:Ontocetus
8770:Planopusa
8746:Nanophoca
8448:Homiphoca
8418:Acrophoca
8335:Pliophoca
8315:Noriphoca
8261:Afrophoca
8249:Monachini
8043:Wangictis
8015:Drassonax
7951:Arctoidea
7939:Carnivora
7919:Kingdom:
7908:pinnipeds
7757:M. itatsi
7691:(weasels)
7554:Lutrogale
7491:E. lutris
7449:L. felina
7258:(grisons)
7181:M. martes
7124:(martens)
7042:Guloninae
6828:Mellivora
6701:N. narica
6642:B. medius
6633:B. gabbii
6624:B. alleni
6612:(olingos)
6581:Raccoon (
6433:Spilogale
6319:C. chinga
6300:Conepatus
6256:Ailuridae
6055:Monachini
5967:P. largha
5637:Otariinae
5600:sea lions
5595:fur seals
5586:Otariidae
5471:Mustelida
5442:U. arctos
5304:Arctoidea
5261:C. lycaon
5216:C. aureus
5146:Lupulella
5058:Lycalopex
4935:V. vulpes
4933:Red fox (
4897:Kit fox (
4872:V. corsac
4616:Herpestes
4229:Meerkat (
3988:(Malagasy
3890:Hyaeninae
3851:Hyaenidae
3766:G. felina
3180:F. lybica
2992:Cheetah (
2910:L. wiedii
2899:Oncilla (
2865:L. guigna
2836:Leopardus
2817:Caracal (
2810:C. aurata
2745:Bay cat (
2666:P. pardus
2664:Leopard (
2639:P. tigris
2597:N. diardi
2515:Prionodon
2415:Kingdom:
2404:Carnivora
2129:229930685
2113:0001-4966
2048:0376-6357
2004:0722-4060
1961:0722-4060
1926:1095-6433
1912:: 59–67.
889:fisheries
779:Ross seal
766:and this
685:brown fat
673:mortality
665:implanted
610:olfactory
555:vibrissae
492:sedentary
465:breathing
440:blizzards
418:Movements
413:Behaviour
397:and they
287:true seal
262: Ice
202:Species:
154:Carnivora
120:Kingdom:
114:Eukaryota
9651:14001044
9599:11270141
9531:BioLib:
9476:Wikidata
9365:Neophoca
9332:Otariini
9321:Zalophus
9133:Odobenus
9024:Pontolis
8927:Eodesmus
8780:Praepusa
8722:Gryphoca
8679:Miophoca
8609:Prophoca
8522:Phocinae
8455:Hydrurga
8395:Mirounga
8288:Monachus
8192:Phocidae
8087:Semantor
8036:Parictis
7994:Allocyon
7933:Mammalia
7927:Chordata
7925:Phylum:
7921:Animalia
7737:Ferret (
7671:N. vison
7532:L. lutra
7400:(otters)
7394:Lutrinae
7251:Galictis
7163:M. foina
7078:Fisher (
6966:Melogale
6949:M. meles
6869:Arctonyx
6714:Nasuella
6692:N. nasua
6669:(coatis)
6583:P. lotor
6359:Mephitis
6118:Mirounga
5868:Phocinae
5849:Phocidae
5718:Neophoca
5664:Zalophus
5571:Walrus (
5270:C. rufus
5252:C. lupus
5232:Coyote (
5067:Culpeo (
5008:Speothos
4944:V. zerda
4926:V. velox
4863:V. chama
4574:Bdeogale
4472:U. fusca
4311:Helogale
4281:M. mungo
4220:Suricata
4149:Salanoia
4056:E. major
4036:Eupleres
3867:Proteles
3856:(hyenas)
3620:(genets)
3171:F. chaus
3162:F. catus
3153:F. bieti
3033:Cougar (
2983:Acinonyx
2961:L. rufus
2959:Bobcat (
2908:Margay (
2890:Ocelot (
2863:Kodkod (
2784:Serval (
2747:C. badia
2736:Catopuma
2646:Jaguar (
2630:P. uncia
2619:Panthera
2586:Neofelis
2504:Feloidea
2435:Eutheria
2429:Mammalia
2423:Chordata
2421:Phylum:
2417:Animalia
2325:42629887
2223:: 49–74.
2201:34559555
2121:33379885
2064:32281684
2056:21718762
2012:46256980
1969:23069267
1776:35469722
1740:16621622
1701:28796829
1661:PLOS ONE
1639:84736733
1578:34761946
1543:29658268
1277:17548861
1036:62265494
1006:(2005).
923:See also
907:and the
815:abundant
760:misspelt
754:Taxonomy
632:polygyny
608:through
601:breeding
597:birthing
580:Breeding
545:, and a
523:penguins
516:habitats
454:Foraging
432:fast ice
373:whiskers
322:fast ice
304:captain
177:Phocidae
173:Family:
144:Mammalia
134:Chordata
130:Phylum:
124:Animalia
110:Domain:
87:IUCN 3.1
9638:1005916
9573:2434784
9482:Q313166
9208:Eotaria
9126:Aivukus
8700:Phocini
8469:Lobodon
8080:Puijila
7937:Order:
7931:Class:
7739:M. furo
7684:Mustela
7633:Neogale
7480:Enhydra
7354:Ictonyx
7313:Vormela
7270:G. cuja
7197:Sable (
7104:G. gulo
7069:Pekania
7054:Tayra (
6851:Melinae
6663:Nasuina
6555:Procyon
5911:Phocini
5550:(seals)
5485:(seals)
5377:Ursinae
5319:(bears)
5314:Ursidae
5190:Dhole (
4980:(zorro)
4854:V. cana
4764:Vulpini
4732:Urocyon
4716:Canidae
4508:U. urva
4012:Fossa (
3932:Crocuta
3614:Genetta
3511:Viverra
3052:lineage
2974:lineage
2943:L. lynx
2799:Caracal
2773:lineage
2771:Caracal
2703:lineage
2701:Bay cat
2687:Felinae
2648:P. onca
2637:Tiger (
2557:Felidae
2427:Class:
2406:species
2402:Extant
2266:Bibcode
2192:8462891
2171:Bibcode
2091:Bibcode
1882:3813893
1846:5101897
1838:1378453
1692:5552091
1669:Bibcode
1602:May 30,
1465:Bibcode
1438:1379469
1389:Bibcode
1362:1936247
1342:Ecology
1312:3798043
842:sealing
832:Threats
768:synonym
743:singing
663:is not
636:genetic
531:seabird
527:phocids
512:pelagic
444:glacial
302:sealing
299:British
289:with a
236:, 1826)
183:Genus:
150:Order:
140:Class:
85: (
49:At the
9752:195932
9726:367355
9713:175259
9700:195932
9671:NZOR:
9612:180669
9372:Otaria
7429:Lontra
7117:Martes
6392:Mydaus
6286:skunks
5250:Wolf (
5130:Canina
4960:Canini
4824:Vulpes
4720:(dogs)
4261:Mungos
3575:Poiana
2657:P. leo
2655:Lion (
2561:(cats)
2323:
2199:
2189:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2010:
2002:
1967:
1959:
1924:
1880:
1870:
1844:
1836:
1774:
1738:
1699:
1689:
1637:
1576:
1541:
1436:
1360:
1310:
1275:
1208:
1110:
1104:Animal
1034:
1024:
874:mining
785:) and
741:, but
693:enzyme
689:lanugo
661:embryo
659:. The
640:mating
480:prawns
460:forage
391:lanugo
387:summer
353:length
316:. The
266:
260:
254:
234:Lesson
196:, 1872
9747:WoRMS
9739:69574
9687:80621
9625:11696
9594:IRMNG
9586:41731
9560:3TSK3
9547:28494
9423:Lists
8760:Phoca
8559:Kawas
7578:Aonyx
7521:Lutra
6911:Meles
6681:Nasua
5956:Phoca
5413:Ursus
5205:Canis
4832:foxes
3142:Felis
2321:S2CID
2295:Oikos
2125:S2CID
2060:S2CID
2008:S2CID
1965:S2CID
1834:JSTOR
1772:S2CID
1736:S2CID
1635:S2CID
1574:S2CID
1539:S2CID
1434:JSTOR
1358:JSTOR
1308:JSTOR
1010:. In
917:CITES
648:harem
563:snout
559:nerve
551:light
541:, an
537:, an
407:weigh
403:birth
399:moult
346:Skull
161:Clade
9695:OBIS
9664:9713
9659:NCBI
9620:IUCN
9607:ITIS
9568:GBIF
9542:BOLD
9534:2202
8787:Pusa
7093:Gulo
5989:Pusa
4434:Urva
3024:Puma
2972:Puma
2923:Lynx
2197:PMID
2117:PMID
2109:ISSN
2052:PMID
2044:ISSN
2000:ISSN
1957:ISSN
1922:ISSN
1878:OCLC
1868:ISBN
1842:PMID
1697:PMID
1604:2012
1273:PMID
1206:ISBN
1151:2017
1108:ISBN
1032:OCLC
1022:ISBN
990:2021
973:2015
876:and
739:song
644:size
634:and
605:twin
599:and
572:and
508:hunt
504:prey
498:and
490:. A
486:and
476:fish
405:and
383:coat
371:and
369:nose
361:head
357:neck
275:The
194:Gill
9646:MSW
9633:MDD
9555:CoL
9519:AFD
9506:ADW
2311:hdl
2303:doi
2299:121
2274:doi
2187:PMC
2179:doi
2099:doi
2087:148
2036:doi
1992:doi
1949:doi
1914:doi
1910:178
1826:doi
1799:doi
1764:doi
1728:doi
1687:PMC
1677:doi
1627:doi
1566:doi
1529:hdl
1521:doi
1473:doi
1461:281
1426:doi
1397:doi
1385:264
1350:doi
1300:doi
1263:doi
1170:doi
1083:doi
977:doi
805:At
793:).
436:ice
380:fur
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9749::
9736::
9723::
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9635::
9622::
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