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145:) in Cana with his disciples. Jesus' mother (unnamed in the Gospel of John) told Jesus, "They have no wine," and Jesus replied, "Woman, what concern is that to you and to me? My hour has not yet come." His mother then said to the servants, "Do whatever he tells you". Jesus ordered the servants to fill containers with water and to draw out some and take it to the chief
225::10). This could be interpreted by saying simply that it is always darkest before the dawn, but good things are on the way. The more usual interpretation, however, is that this is a reference to the appearance of Jesus, whom the author of the Fourth Gospel regards as being himself "the good wine". According to Bill Day, the miracle may also be interpreted as the
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cast doubt on the value of such finds for identifying the town meant by John, since such vessels are not rare and it would be impossible to link a particular set of vessels to the miracle. "Just the existence of stone vessels is not enough to prove that this is a biblical site." Several stone jars of
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thought that it is very likely that it was one of Mary's relatives who was being married. This would mean Mary and her relatives would be embarrassed if they appeared inhospitable by running out of wine, giving Mary a reason to ask Jesus to intervene. Sheen further suggests that as Jesus arrived with
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This first miracle, which confirmed the faith of our Lord's disciples, was wrought at Mary's intercession, for it was by her persuasion that He first manifested His glory by a striking miracle at Cana instead of at
Jerusalem. Let us contemplate Mary's compassion on the distress of the poor bride and
220:
Interpreted allegorically, the good news and hope implied by the story are in the words of the steward of the Feast when he tasted the good wine, "Everyone serves the good wine first, and then the inferior wine after the guests have become drunk. But you have kept the good wine until now"
534:'. They were shaped and finished on a very big lathe, given a pedestal foot and simple decoration. Such stone jars would hold large quantities of water for washing and kitchen needs. Flat discs of stone served as lids. The jars at Cana may have been similar to these", wrote
212:
The gospel account of Jesus being invited to a wedding, attending, and using his divine power to save the celebrations from disaster are taken as evidence of his approval for marriage and earthly celebrations. It has also been used as an argument against the
435:
cautions that Cana is a very common name, with no known text offering any clue as to which of the dozen towns going by the name would be the correct one, and calls the common choice of Kafr Qanna near
Nazareth "probably just a pious guess".
153:
that he had departed from the custom of serving the best wine first by serving it last. John adds that: "Jesus did this, the first of his signs, in Cana of
Galilee, and it revealed his glory; and his disciples believed in him".
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says Jesus used when he turned water into wine". But
American scientists excavating the rival site of Khirbet Qana north of it, also claimed to have found pieces of stone jars from the time of Jesus. Fellow archaeologist
201:
additional guests, they may have contributed to the wines running short. When his mother advises Jesus that their hosts are running out of wine, he says "Woman, what has this to do with me?" Sheen sees an echo of the
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The fact of our Lord taking part in the marriage-feast teaches us that it is lawful and pleasing to God that we should take part in innocent recreations and harmless pleasures, rejoicing with those who
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of
Genesis 3:15 "I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers", marking the commencement of Jesus' redemptive ministry. Jesus will again address her as "Woman" in
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observed about
Nazareth in his day: "it excels in wine and oil, fruits and honey." So, if a miracle of turning water into wine had actually occurred at the site, it would have likely have had
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by turning water into wine at her request. The location of Cana has been subject to debate among biblical scholars and archaeologists; several villages in
Galilee are possible candidates.
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306:, who among others was said to fill empty barrels that had been left locked inside a temple overnight with wine. However, scholars generally agree that the Gospel of John was written
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Many throughout history have sought to recover the lost jars. On 21 December 2004, archaeologists reported finding in Kafr Kanna "pieces of large stone jars of the type the
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of 1914, a tradition dating back to the 8th century identifies Cana with the modern Arab town of Kafr Kanna, in
Galilee, about 7 km (4.3 mi) northeast of
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The Coptic
Orthodox Church, alone among the apostolic churches, teaches that the wine was non-alcoholic. However, the second century Coptic Saint
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492:(Greek Catholics), supported by their Church, believe the southern Lebanese village of Qana to have been the actual location of this event.
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would appear to indicate the opposite when he states that, although the Lord approved of drinking wine, he did not approve of drunkenness.
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based on John 2:11 holds that this is the first public miracle of Jesus. It is considered to have symbolic importance as the first of the
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argued that biblical scholars had misinterpreted early texts, translating to 'wine' when the more sensible translation would have been '
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The account is taken as evidence of Jesus' approval of marriage and earthly celebrations, and has also been used as an argument against
2014:
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The ruined village of
Khirbet Qana (Kanet el-Jelil), about six miles (9.7 km) further north, is an option presented as certain by
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By His presence at the marriage-feast of Cana Jesus honoured and sanctified marriage, which had already been instituted in Paradise.
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made a similar suggestion, arguing that Jesus was a polygamist and that the event at Cana was his wedding to Mary Magdalene,
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by which Jesus' divine status is attested, and around which the gospel is structured. Jesus will later return to Cana, where
149:(household official, master of the feast). After tasting it, without knowing where it came from, the steward remarked to the
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Truth and Fiction in The Da Vinci Code: A Historian Reveals What We Really Know about Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and Constantine
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423:) has been subject to debate among scholars. Modern scholars maintain that since the Gospel of John was addressed to
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Some commentators have speculated about the identity of the unnamed bridegroom. One tradition, represented by
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1759:(11). The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The American Schools of Oriental Research: 3–14 (see p.
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2015:"The Wedding at Cana: Foreordination to the Transformation of the Bread and Wine – Literature – Resources"
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in 1878, but has little going for it and has been rejected in more recent scholarship as a candidate.
193::46–54 describes him healing a Capernaum official's young son; the second sign in the Gospel of John.
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of the time, it is unlikely that the evangelist would mention a place that did not exist. However,
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291:. However, the idea that Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene is usually dismissed by scholars as
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The story has had considerable importance in the development of Roman Catholic theology. Bishop
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1751:(October 1923). "Some Archaeological and Topographical Results of a Trip through Palestine".
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bridegroom, her living faith in the omnipotence of Jesus, and her confidence in His goodness.
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1365:"Jesus Christ and Dionysus: Rewriting Euripides in the Byzantine Cento – Oxford Scholarship"
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How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God?: Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus
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Print about the Wedding at Cana. Made at the end of the 16th century. Preserved in the
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2040:"The Feast of the Wedding in Cana of Galilee | Saint Mina Coptic Orthodox Church"
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560:'. However, this has been dismissed by other writers, who pointed out that the Greek
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368:(died 1921) points out three lessons that are to be drawn from this account at Cana:
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Can the Bible Be Trusted?: Old and New Testament Introduction and Interpretation
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Discoveries from Bible Times: Archaeological Treasures Throw Light on the Bible
1698:
1205:(Revised ed.). New York: Harper & Row – via Columbia University.
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in 1923, whose name "Qana" is also etymologically closer to Cana than "Kanna".
450:, locally identified at least since the 8th century with the biblical location;
209:, when he entrusts his mother to his disciple John, "Woman, behold, your son."
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2132:"Here Comes the Bride: Re-Envisioning the Wedding at Cana in the 12th Century"
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Selective Geographical Problems in the Life of Christ (doctoral dissertation)
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Reed, Jonathan L. (2000). Freedman, David Noel; Allen C. Myers (eds.).
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argues that the idea that the image of Jesus was influenced by ancient
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Homan, Michael M. (2010). "Did the Ancient Israelites Drink Beer?".
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the type described by the Gospel of John were found for instance in
1138:
Geisler, N. L. (1982). "A Christian Perspective on Wine-Drinking".
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was available if the gospel author wanted to refer to barley beer.
462:, southern Lebanon, in an area that was part of historical Galilee.
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230:
83:
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48:, one of the locations considered to be the site of the biblical
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1538:"XIV. First Miracle of Jesus — He changes Water into Wine"
1216:
Volfing, Annette (November 2001). "The Biographical Tradition".
557:
459:
253:
162:
The Wedding Feast takes place in Cana shortly after the call of
95:
49:
19:
This article is about the miracle of Jesus. For other uses, see
4133:
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1430:
Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth
530:: "At least six of them stood in the basement kitchen of the '
842:
supposedly performed an identical miracle when he served as a
495:
The spring of 'Ain Kanah ("Kanah Spring") near the village of
439:
The main candidates for the town from the Gospel of John are:
1826:"Archaeologist says she's found site of Jesus' first miracle"
1101:
Towner, W. S. (1996). "Wedding". In P. J. Achtermeier (ed.).
1804:
Tent Work in Palestine: A Record of Discovery and Adventure
1697:
1590:"Lebanese Town Lays Claim To Jesus Christ's First Miracle"
609:. It is counted as one of the 7 Minor Feasts of the Lord.
361:
significance for observers familiar with Greek mythology.
2173:"The Marriage Feast at Cana in the Commentary on St John"
2276:
1931:
The Missiological Motifs of the Miracles of Jesus Christ
1456:""What good thing can come out of Nazareth?" (updated)"
1121:"The Marriage Feast At Cana, in The World's First Love"
2019:
Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States
1753:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
1077:
Symbols and Spirituality: Reflecting on John's Gospel
1264:
Hyde, Orson (6 October 1854). "Conference message".
217:
practiced among certain Protestant Christian sects.
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2193:"Mark and John: A Wedding at Cana—Whose and Where?"
1157:Smith, D. M. (1988). "John". In Mays, J. L. (ed.).
682:
The calling of Apostle John at the Marriage at Cana
264:that the event was the wedding of Jesus himself to
241:and Jesus as the spiritual saviour of all people.
1708:. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1482:"The History of the Grape-Vine in the Holy Land"
1031:. Brill Archive. p. 590. GGKEY:ZY15HUEX1RJ.
4356:Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter
1218:John the Evangelist and Medieval German Writing
370:
274:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
2628:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
1312:. Author Solutions, Incorporated. p. 54.
4145:
3072:
2292:
318:by the local synagogue for recognizing Jesus
8:
1161:. San Francisco: Harper. pp. 1044–1076.
1105:. San Francisco: Harper. pp. 1205–1206.
1069:
1067:
1065:
1048:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 71.
248:among others, holds that the bridegroom was
112:) has run out, Jesus delivers a sign of his
1629:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 212.
1220:. Oxford: Oxford Academic. pp. 11–59.
341:The view of the valley looking out towards
4152:
4138:
4130:
3106:
3079:
3065:
3057:
2623:New Testament places associated with Jesus
2618:Historical background of the New Testament
2299:
2285:
2277:
2219:
1994:St. Verena American Coptic Orthodox Church
1911:"Did Jesus actually turn water into beer?"
1583:
1581:
1579:
235:changing water (the Nile river) into blood
2205:"The Significance of the Wedding at Cana"
1377:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198726487.001.0001
1287:. Harvest House Publishers. p. 239.
1226:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246847.003.0002
1203:Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Art
488:Some Lebanese Christians, especially the
409:The exact location of "Cana in Galilee" (
272:was an element of mainstream practice of
102:. When his mother notices that the wine (
16:Miracle in the New Testament of the Bible
2950:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)
1655:
1653:
1543:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture
1114:
1112:
597:of the Wedding of Cana three days after
4377:Raising of the son of the widow of Nain
4275:Jesus healing in the land of Gennesaret
1618:
1616:
1614:
1017:
898:
638:
252:himself, a tradition that goes back to
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
334:is usually dismissed by scholars as a
4361:Exorcising a boy possessed by a demon
3347:Jesus and the woman taken in adultery
1663:The Identification of Cana of Galilee
1562:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 540–541.
1174:The Moses Connection in John's Gospel
1080:. Don Bosco Publications. p. 8.
838:Sixth-century Irish missionary Saint
568:always means wine, and that the word
7:
4315:Healing the man with a withered hand
4245:Healing the two blind men in Galilee
2136:Church History and Religious Culture
1962:Saarnivaara, Uuras (29 April 2008).
1909:Kneale, Stephen (23 November 2016).
1807:. R. Bentley & Son. p. 154.
1310:A Disparity in Doctrine and Theology
135:states that Jesus was at a wedding (
4331:Jesus in the synagogue of Capernaum
1454:Moore, Michael (16 February 2008).
174::2, Cana was Nathanael's hometown.
4300:Healing the paralytic at Capernaum
4290:Healing the mother of Peter's wife
4265:Healing the deaf mute of Decapolis
2941:(traditional maternal grandfather)
2935:(traditional maternal grandmother)
873:Life of Jesus in the New Testament
71:) is the name of the story in the
14:
4351:Exorcising the blind and mute man
4341:Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac
4295:Healing the paralytic at Bethesda
1588:Salameh, Rima (29 January 1994).
1535:Knecht, Friedrich Justus (1910).
1427:Ehrman, Bart D. (20 March 2012).
374:The power of Mary's intercession.
187:seven signs in the Gospel of John
4305:Healing the royal official's son
4285:Healing the man blind from birth
4230:Jesus healing the bleeding woman
4213:
3041:
3040:
1702:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1626:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1342:. USA: Oxford University Press.
806:
788:
767:
747:
720:
700:
673:
641:
624:Wedding at Cana (disambiguation)
25:Water into Wine (disambiguation)
21:Wedding at Cana (disambiguation)
4250:Healing the centurion's servant
3852:Pillar New Testament Commentary
2947:(paternal grandfather per Luke)
2203:Shea, Mark (10 September 2012)
2199:. Biblical Archaeology Society.
2066:"07 - Feast of Cana of Galilee"
1928:Rao, Bandari Prabhaker (2010).
1556:Charlesworth, James H. (2006).
1103:Harper Collins Bible Dictionary
1074:Winstanley, Michael T. (2008).
396:Identification of biblical Cana
353:. The early 6th-century writer
4240:Healing the blind near Jericho
2651:Quest for the historical Jesus
2191:Tabor, James (27 April 2023).
1729:. New York: Robert Appleton Co
1025:Loos, Hendrik van der (1965).
300:Jesus in comparative mythology
181:mentions the wedding at Cana,
1:
4280:Jesus healing an infirm woman
2171:Gils, Félix (December 1986).
1737:– via Catholic Answers.
850:, replenishing the supply of
822:
685:
653:
636:are numerous in art history.
4310:Healing the ear of a servant
1990:"Wedding at Cana of Galilee"
570:
562:
419:
94:are invited to a wedding at
4382:Raising of Jairus' daughter
3491:The truth will set you free
2197:Biblical Archaeology Review
1896:Biblical Archaeology Review
1866:. Lion Books. p. 184.
1675:Dallas Theological Seminary
1460:University of the Holy Land
1253:. Harper. pp. 187–199.
1249:Spong, John Shelby (1992).
549:Biblical Archaeology Review
77:miracle attributed to Jesus
4492:
4336:Jesus exorcising at sunset
4078:Ohrid Glagolitic fragments
2601:Five Discourses of Matthew
2248:Return of Jesus to Galilee
2209:National Catholic Register
1400:Hurtado, Larry W. (2005).
621:
414:
268:. In 1854, at a time when
233:' first public miracle of
140:
131:The second chapter of the
107:
18:
4447:
4270:Healing a man with dropsy
4211:
4114:American Standard Version
3847:Second Apocalypse of John
3433:Disciple whom Jesus loved
3036:
2314:
2261:
2252:
2244:
2222:
2148:10.1163/18712428-09502001
1369:Oxford Scholarship Online
1159:Harper's Bible Commentary
1125:www.catholictradition.org
1119:Sheen, Fulton J. (1952).
730:The Wedding Feast at Cana
4403:Transfiguration of Jesus
4185:Coin in the fish's mouth
4180:Miraculous catch of fish
3479:That they all may be one
2828:In comparative mythology
2112:Adomnan of Iona (1995).
1363:Pollmann, Karla (2017).
1285:Inside Today's Mormonism
1283:Abanes, Richard (2007).
1042:Royster, Dmitri (1999).
798:Ghent University Library
4346:Jesus exorcising a mute
4255:Jesus cleansing a leper
3322:Bread of Life Discourse
2981:Interactions with women
2183:(20): 45–65. Article 8.
2130:Clark, Anne L. (2015).
1799:Conder, Claude Reignier
1660:Laney, J. Carl (1977).
366:Friedrich Justus Knecht
82:In the Gospel account,
4235:Blind man of Bethsaida
4205:Jesus walking on water
3781:Via et veritas et vita
3572:Mary, sister of Martha
3485:Via et veritas et vita
2991:Mary, sister of Martha
2611:Oral gospel traditions
1719:Ward, Bernard (1908).
1696:Ward, Bernard (1908).
1045:The Miracles of Christ
693:Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen
601:, i.e. on the 13th of
433:Jerome Murphy-O'Connor
393:
364:The German theologian
314:who had recently been
278:Latter-day Saint elder
69:marriage feast at Cana
52:
4476:Life of Christ in art
4408:Resurrection of Jesus
4190:Feeding the multitude
4119:World English Version
3473:Quod scripsi, scripsi
3402:Resurrection of Jesus
2718:Life of Christ Museum
2713:Life of Christ in art
2044:www.stminahamilton.ca
1934:. ISPCK. p. 33.
1726:Catholic Encyclopedia
1705:Catholic Encyclopedia
1559:Jesus and Archaeology
1266:Journal of Discourses
1028:The Miracles Of Jesus
834:Saint Columba miracle
579:Clement of Alexandria
468:Catholic Encyclopedia
355:Antoninus Placentinus
260:suggests in his book
177:Although none of the
65:wedding feast at Cana
35:
4260:Cleansing ten lepers
4195:Cursing the fig tree
3825:Johannine literature
3748:I am (biblical term)
3407:Restoration of Peter
2534:Sayings on the cross
2492:Entry into Jerusalem
1836:The Associated Press
1480:Goor, Asaph (1966).
1197:Hall, James (1979).
894:Bibical verses cited
815:The Marriage at Cana
507:Vessels and beverage
4451:Christianity Portal
3872:(J. S. Bach, 1724)
3818:John the Evangelist
3808:Johannine community
3774:Resurrectio et Vita
3537:Joseph of Arimathea
3450:Feast of Dedication
3337:Healing a paralytic
3332:Healing a blind man
3023:Race and appearance
2961:(traditional uncle)
2867:Jesus the Splendour
2509:Agony in the Garden
2424:Sermon on the Mount
2265:Jesus and Nicodemus
1406:. Wm. B. Eerdmans.
1308:Roberts, E (2011).
868:Chronology of Jesus
483:William F. Albright
250:John the Evangelist
183:Christian tradition
75:at which the first
4413:Ascension of Jesus
4387:Lazarus of Bethany
4109:King James Version
3905:The Gospel of John
3897:The Gospel of John
3842:Apocryphon of John
3763:Gate for the Sheep
3758:Light of the World
3455:"Love one another"
3382:Farewell Discourse
3357:Raising of Lazarus
3342:Healing a sick son
3008:Rejection of Jesus
2685:Christ myth theory
2502:Farewell Discourse
2114:Life of St Columba
2088:"Bruiloft te Kana"
1968:. Wipf and Stock.
1915:Building Jerusalem
1838:. 21 December 2004
1498:10.1007/BF02861926
1433:. Harper Collins.
1199:"Marriage at Cana"
1172:Day, Bill (1997).
848:Finnian of Movilla
456:, also in Galilee;
420:Kana tēs Galilaias
415:Κανὰ τῆς Γαλιλαίας
53:
4458:
4457:
4434:Ministry of Jesus
4200:Calming the storm
4168:Control of nature
4161:Miracles of Jesus
4127:
4126:
3303:
3302:
3054:
3053:
2976:Language of Jesus
2923:Brothers of Jesus
2795:Session of Christ
2671:Mara bar Serapion
2472:Great Commandment
2367:Flight into Egypt
2275:
2274:
2270:
2262:Succeeded by
2046:. 20 January 2011
1636:978-90-5356-503-2
1569:978-0-8028-4880-2
1440:978-0-06-208994-6
1413:978-0-8028-2861-3
1386:978-0-19-872648-7
1349:978-0-19-518140-1
1319:978-1-4497-1210-5
1294:978-0-7369-1968-5
1140:Bibliotheca Sacra
1087:978-0-9555654-0-3
1055:978-0-88141-193-5
883:Miracles of Jesus
878:Ministry of Jesus
846:in Ireland under
780:Giotto di Bondone
713:Jacopo Tintoretto
605:according to the
490:Lebanese Melkites
466:According to the
425:Jewish Christians
387:Lawful pleasures.
312:Jewish Christians
59:(also called the
4483:
4370:Raising the dead
4217:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4131:
4104:Wycliffe Version
3837:Textual variants
3813:John the Apostle
3532:John the Baptist
3423:In the beginning
3372:Passion of Jesus
3352:Walking on water
3327:Feeding the 5000
3107:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3058:
3044:
3043:
2919:(alleged father)
2773:Person of Christ
2646:Historical Jesus
2477:Olivet Discourse
2405:Great Commission
2301:
2294:
2287:
2278:
2268:
2245:Preceded by
2224:Wedding at Cana
2220:
2200:
2184:
2167:
2142:(2–3): 155–181.
2118:
2117:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1831:NBC News Digital
1822:
1809:
1808:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1677:. pp. 91–92
1668:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1620:
1609:
1608:
1605:Associated Press
1602:
1600:
1585:
1574:
1573:
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1546:
1540:
1532:
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1477:
1471:
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1397:
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1360:
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1194:
1188:
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1135:
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1128:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1071:
1060:
1059:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1007:
1002:
996:
991:
985:
980:
974:
969:
963:
958:
952:
947:
941:
936:
930:
925:
919:
914:
908:
903:
852:sacramental wine
827:
824:
810:
792:
776:Marriage at Cana
771:
756:Marriage at Cana
751:
724:
709:Marriage at Cana
704:
690:
687:
677:
658:
655:
650:Marriage at Cana
645:
634:Marriage at Cana
573:
567:
422:
416:
293:pseudohistorical
179:synoptic Gospels
144:
127:Biblical account
111:
61:marriage at Cana
4491:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4471:Wedding at Cana
4461:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4443:
4417:
4391:
4365:
4319:
4218:
4209:
4175:Wedding at Cana
4163:
4158:
4128:
4123:
4082:
3911:
3869:St John Passion
3856:
3791:
3732:
3723:Solomon's Porch
3641:
3547:Mother of Jesus
3495:
3466:Noli me tangere
3438:Doubting Thomas
3411:
3317:Wedding at Cana
3310:(chronological)
3309:
3299:
3237:
3098:
3090:
3085:
3055:
3050:
3032:
2964:
2883:
2815:In other faiths
2809:
2732:
2728:Transfiguration
2689:
2632:
2562:
2462:Transfiguration
2336:
2328:
2310:
2305:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2250:
2240:
2225:
2218:
2190:
2177:Spiritan Papers
2170:
2129:
2126:
2124:Further reading
2121:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2068:. 4 August 2020
2064:
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2049:
2047:
2038:
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2013:
2012:
2008:
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1996:
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1983:
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1797:
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1792:
1769:10.2307/1354763
1749:Albright, W. F.
1747:
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1486:Economic Botany
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1414:
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1350:
1334:Ehrman, Bart D.
1332:
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1320:
1307:
1306:
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1295:
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1277:
1263:
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1251:Born of a Woman
1248:
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933:
926:
922:
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911:
904:
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896:
891:
864:
840:Columba of Iona
836:
829:
828:
825:
811:
802:
801:
793:
784:
783:
772:
763:
762:
752:
743:
742:
739:Musée du Louvre
725:
716:
715:
705:
696:
695:
688:
678:
669:
668:
665:Musée du Louvre
656:
646:
626:
620:
615:
607:Coptic calendar
587:
546:In the journal
544:
514:
509:
407:
406:
405:
404:
398:
351:wine production
332:pagan mythology
324:Greek mythology
289:Mary of Bethany
262:Born of a Woman
198:Fulton J. Sheen
170:. According to
160:
129:
57:wedding at Cana
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4489:
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4479:
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4015:
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3995:
3990:
3985:
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3965:
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3955:
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3930:
3925:
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3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3718:Sea of Galilee
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:Pontius Pilate
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3567:Mary Magdalene
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3542:Judas Iscariot
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3238:
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3235:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3088:Gospel of John
3086:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2986:Mary Magdalene
2978:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2909:
2908:(legal father)
2903:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2854:
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2841:
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2825:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2760:
2759:
2758:
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2742:
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2734:
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2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2653:
2642:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2606:Gospel harmony
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
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2436:
2435:
2421:
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2419:
2409:
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2407:
2402:
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2387:
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2377:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2324:List of topics
2321:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2263:
2260:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2216:External links
2214:
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2201:
2188:
2168:
2125:
2122:
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2119:
2104:
2079:
2057:
2031:
2006:
1981:
1974:
1954:
1940:
1920:
1901:
1886:
1872:
1849:
1810:
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1392:
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1325:
1318:
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890:
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835:
832:
831:
830:
819:Maerten de Vos
813:
812:
805:
803:
795:
794:
787:
785:
782:, 14th century
774:
773:
766:
764:
760:Giorgio Vasari
754:
753:
746:
744:
735:Paolo Veronese
727:
726:
719:
717:
707:
706:
699:
697:
680:
679:
672:
670:
648:
647:
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628:Depictions of
619:
616:
614:
611:
586:
583:
543:
540:
513:
510:
508:
505:
464:
463:
457:
451:
402:
401:
400:
399:
397:
394:
392:
391:
384:
378:
320:as the Messiah
316:excommunicated
308:by a community
266:Mary Magdalene
246:Thomas Aquinas
203:Protevangelium
159:
158:Interpretation
156:
133:Gospel of John
128:
125:
73:Gospel of John
38:Wedding Church
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4488:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4453:
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4440:
4437:
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4427:
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4411:
4409:
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4398:
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4380:
4378:
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4316:
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4308:
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4225:
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4155:
4150:
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4143:
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4136:
4135:
4132:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4099:Latin Vulgate
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
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4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
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3979:
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3809:
3806:
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3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:Good Shepherd
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:Bread of Life
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
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3525:
3523:
3522:Herod Antipas
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
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3470:
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3436:
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3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3306:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3186:Book of Glory
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3124:Book of Signs
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3101:New Testament
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3047:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:Mental health
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2979:
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2973:
2971:
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2960:
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2904:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2838:In the Talmud
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2805:Cosmic Christ
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:Second Coming
2788:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2778:Pre-existence
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
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2700:
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2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
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2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2568:New Testament
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
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2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2445:Lord's Prayer
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:Unknown years
2378:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Date of birth
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2331:
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2320:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2269:John 03:01–21
2266:
2259:
2256:
2255:New Testament
2249:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2229:Life of Jesus
2221:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
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2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2115:
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2093:
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2067:
2061:
2058:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1975:9781556356995
1971:
1967:
1966:
1958:
1955:
1943:
1941:9788184650259
1937:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1875:
1873:9780745937403
1869:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1858:Millard, Alan
1853:
1850:
1837:
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1827:
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1819:
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1235:9780199246847
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1227:
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1219:
1212:
1209:
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1193:
1190:
1185:
1183:0-9662080-0-5
1179:
1175:
1168:
1165:
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962:
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871:
869:
866:
865:
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859:
857:
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809:
804:
799:
791:
786:
781:
777:
770:
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736:
732:
731:
723:
718:
714:
710:
703:
698:
694:
683:
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671:
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662:
651:
644:
639:
637:
635:
631:
625:
617:
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
593:observes the
592:
591:Coptic Church
584:
582:
580:
575:
572:
566:
565:
559:
555:
554:Michael Homan
551:
550:
541:
539:
537:
533:
529:
524:
523:Shimon Gibson
519:
511:
506:
504:
502:
498:
493:
491:
486:
484:
479:
477:
474:, in today's
473:
469:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
445:
442:
441:
440:
437:
434:
430:
426:
421:
412:
411:Ancient Greek
395:
388:
385:
382:
379:
375:
372:
371:
369:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
336:fringe theory
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
279:
275:
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228:
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192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
157:
155:
152:
148:
143:
138:
137:Ancient Greek
134:
126:
124:
122:
117:
115:
110:
105:
104:Ancient Greek
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
80:
79:takes place.
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
4449:
4174:
3903:
3895:
3892:(Pärt, 1982)
3887:
3867:
3779:
3772:
3698:Jordan River
3688:Jacob's Well
3527:Jesus Christ
3483:
3471:
3464:
3442:
3367:Foot washing
3316:
3233:Epilogue: 21
2928:Holy Kinship
2879:Master Jesus
2857:Baháʼí Faith
2751:Christianity
2738:Christianity
2708:Christ Child
2703:Bibliography
2553:Resurrection
2467:Homelessness
2376:(apocryphal)
2357:Virgin birth
2347:Annunciation
2339:Jesus's life
2253:
2227:
2208:
2196:
2180:
2176:
2139:
2135:
2113:
2107:
2097:28 September
2095:. Retrieved
2092:lib.ugent.be
2091:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2043:
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2018:
2009:
1997:. Retrieved
1993:
1984:
1964:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1930:
1923:
1914:
1904:
1895:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1862:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1829:
1803:
1793:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1724:
1714:
1703:
1699:"Cana"
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1670:
1662:
1640:. Retrieved
1625:
1603:– via
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1558:
1551:
1545:. B. Herder.
1542:
1530:
1492:(1): 46–64.
1489:
1485:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
1449:
1429:
1422:
1402:
1395:
1368:
1358:
1338:
1328:
1309:
1303:
1284:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1250:
1244:
1217:
1211:
1202:
1192:
1173:
1167:
1158:
1152:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1124:
1102:
1096:
1076:
1044:
1037:
1027:
1020:
1000:
989:
978:
972:John 4:46–54
967:
956:
945:
934:
923:
912:
901:
837:
814:
775:
755:
728:
708:
681:
661:Gerard David
649:
633:
629:
627:
588:
576:
547:
545:
542:Wine or beer
536:Alan Millard
515:
494:
487:
480:
465:
454:Khirbet Qana
438:
408:
386:
380:
373:
363:
347:Khirbet Qana
340:
297:
261:
243:
219:
211:
195:
176:
161:
130:
118:
81:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:
29:
3916:Manuscripts
3908:(2014 film)
3900:(2003 film)
3881:Discography
3861:Adaptations
3830:Holy Spirit
3597:Simon Peter
3387:Crucifixion
3377:Last Supper
2954:Descendants
2912:Holy Family
2895:Genealogies
2862:Manichaeism
2768:Incarnation
2763:Christology
2756:1st century
2638:Historicity
2529:Crucifixion
2497:Last Supper
1594:Tulsa World
1176:. Mariner.
928:John 2:6–10
906:John 2:1–11
826: 1596
689: 1530
657: 1500
630:The Wedding
532:Burnt house
359:allegorical
328:Bart Ehrman
215:teetotalism
121:teetotalism
4465:Categories
4094:Greek Text
3803:Authorship
3632:Samaritans
3460:Jesus wept
3397:Empty tomb
2800:Son of God
2695:Depictions
2433:Beatitudes
2390:Temptation
2334:Chronology
2116:. Penguin.
1673:(Thesis).
1013:References
994:John 19:26
917:John 2:3–5
622:See also:
512:Stone jars
444:Kafr Kanna
381:Matrimony.
281:Orson Hyde
258:John Spong
207:John 19:26
151:bridegroom
88:his mother
42:Kafr Kanna
4324:Exorcisms
3923:Papyrus 2
3876:Structure
3787:True Vine
3741:" sayings
3693:Jerusalem
3678:Capernaum
3668:Bethsaida
3658:Bethabara
3637:Sanhedrin
3627:Sadducees
3622:Pharisees
3582:Nicodemus
3577:Nathanael
3444:Ecce homo
3362:Anointing
3028:Sexuality
3013:Criticism
2998:Christmas
2874:Mandaeism
2850:Ahmadiyya
2558:Ascension
2482:Anointing
2417:Disciples
2400:Selecting
2156:1871-241X
1785:163409706
1506:0013-0001
1465:11 August
1005:John 2:10
961:John 2:11
950:John 21:2
939:John 2:11
613:Influence
528:Jerusalem
429:Dominican
298:Studying
256:. Bishop
168:Nathanael
92:disciples
4396:Personal
3517:Caiaphas
3251:John 1:1
3111:Chapters
3046:Category
2917:Panthera
2902:(mother)
2661:Josephus
2514:Betrayal
2457:Miracles
2452:Parables
2412:Ministry
2395:Apostles
2352:Nativity
2237:Miracles
2233:Ministry
2164:43946289
2072:9 August
2050:9 August
2024:9 August
1999:9 August
1947:14 April
1860:(1997).
1801:(1878).
1522:44623301
1336:(2004).
983:Gen 3:15
862:See also
758:, 1566,
733:, 1563,
711:, 1561,
599:Epiphany
472:Nazareth
431:scholar
390:rejoice.
343:Nazareth
304:Dionysus
270:polygamy
227:antitype
114:divinity
90:and his
4439:Miracle
4422:Related
4087:Sources
3796:Related
3713:Samaria
3683:Galilee
3663:Bethany
3607:Zebedee
3557:Malchus
3552:Lazarus
3416:Phrases
3295:20:1–31
2969:Related
2939:Joachim
2833:Judaism
2823:Jesuism
2723:Statues
2676:Gospels
2666:Tacitus
2656:Sources
2581:Matthew
2576:Gospels
2487:Passion
2440:Prayers
2385:Baptism
2374:Infancy
2319:Outline
2258:Events
1879:15 July
1842:15 July
1777:1354763
1733:16 July
1681:15 July
1642:15 July
1599:21 June
1514:4252702
741:, Paris
667:, Paris
448:Galilee
345:, from
172:John 21
147:steward
100:Galilee
3889:Passio
3728:Sychar
3708:Kidron
3646:Places
3617:Angels
3613:Groups
3602:Thomas
3587:Philip
3562:Martha
3507:Andrew
3500:People
3392:Burial
3308:Events
3243:Verses
3119:John 1
3003:Easter
2959:Clopas
2906:Joseph
2888:Family
2785:Relics
2746:Christ
2541:Burial
2519:Arrest
2162:
2154:
1972:
1938:
1870:
1783:
1775:
1721:"Cana"
1633:
1566:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1437:
1410:
1383:
1346:
1316:
1291:
1232:
1180:
1084:
1052:
854:for a
844:deacon
618:In art
571:sikera
518:Gospel
501:Conder
497:Reineh
476:Israel
285:Martha
276:, the
223:John 2
191:John 4
164:Philip
46:Israel
4429:Jesus
4223:Cures
3703:Judea
3512:Annas
3428:Logos
3290:18:38
3096:Bible
2845:Islam
2524:Trial
2428:Plain
2308:Jesus
2160:JSTOR
1781:S2CID
1773:JSTOR
1667:(PDF)
1518:S2CID
1510:JSTOR
1272:: 82.
889:Notes
595:feast
585:Feast
564:oinos
446:, in
239:Egypt
231:Moses
142:γάμος
109:οἶνος
84:Jesus
40:" in
36:The "
3739:I AM
3673:Cana
3653:Ænon
3285:14:6
3280:3:16
2945:Heli
2933:Anne
2900:Mary
2596:John
2591:Luke
2586:Mark
2546:Tomb
2235:and
2152:ISSN
2099:2020
2074:2024
2052:2024
2026:2024
2001:2024
1970:ISBN
1949:2010
1936:ISBN
1881:2021
1868:ISBN
1844:2021
1735:2021
1683:2021
1644:2021
1631:ISBN
1601:2021
1564:ISBN
1502:ISSN
1467:2021
1435:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1230:ISBN
1178:ISBN
1082:ISBN
1050:ISBN
856:mass
603:Tobi
589:The
558:beer
460:Qana
287:and
254:Bede
166:and
96:Cana
55:The
50:Cana
23:and
4073:128
4068:122
4063:121
4058:120
4053:119
4048:109
4043:108
4038:107
4033:106
2337:of
2186:PDF
2144:doi
1765:doi
1763:).
1494:doi
1373:doi
1222:doi
817:by
778:by
632:or
310:of
229:of
98:in
67:or
4467::
4028:95
4023:93
4018:90
4013:84
4008:80
4003:76
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3938:22
3275:42
3271:35
3269:;
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3263:25
3261:;
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3257:;
3255:20
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3221:19
3216:18
3211:17
3206:16
3201:15
3196:14
3191:13
3179:12
3174:11
3169:10
2231::
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2138:.
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2017:.
1992:.
1913:.
1834:.
1828:.
1813:^
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1111:^
1064:^
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654:c.
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3265:–
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3164:9
3159:8
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