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461:"The social organization characteristic of ... Weeden Island sites appears to have lain somewhere between the basically egalitarian structure of Archaic hunter-gatherers and the chiefdoms characteristic of Mississippian society...over these centuries, the social, political, and ideological institutions of later Weedon Island agricultural communities and their contemporaries evolved into those associated with the Mississippian".
648:
chewing on some bones indicate that the body was exposed for a while after death before burial. A tomb of wood and earth was erected over the grave. The tomb and building were then burned, and the ashes scattered. After a ceramic bird head was pushed into the ground at the foot of the grave, a layer of dirt was spread over all of the mound. Three radiocarbon dates for this event average to 354.
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31:
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found most often in the mounds, but occasionally elsewhere in the village. The sacred vessels, which were found only in the mounds, were elaborately decorated and sometimes were in the shape of animals. Some of the sacred vessels apparently were imported, but the ones with animal shapes usually were made from local clay.
647:
The mounds served different purposes. The one named (arbitrarily) 'B' had a rectangular building on it that has been interpreted to be a temple or the residence of the priest who conducted ceremonies for the dead. The presumed holder of that office was buried inside the building. Evidence of animals
667:
Pottery at the McKeithen site has been classified as secular, prestige, and sacred. Secular pots were undecorated, or had minimal decoration, and were all made with clay from local sources. Prestige ware was decorated with lines and dots and sometimes 'painted' with red clay. This prestige ware was
659:
Mound 'C' held a charnel house where bundled bones, typically a skull and limb bones, were stored. After some period of time, the bundles were buried around the periphery of the mound. In about 475, approximately 36 bone bundles were removed from the charnel house and buried. The charnel house was
631:
on his property before vandals destroyed them. The McKeithen site was a village next to a stream with three mounds. These three mounds were created in an isosceles triangle, with the main axis of the triangle pointing towards the summer solstice sunrise. The mounds were likely built between 350-475
655:
where bodies were cleaned and buried temporarily. A wall of posts screened a number of burial pits from the village. Posts up to two feet in diameter apparently were used to mark graves. The decomposed bodies were later removed, and bones were bundled and moved to mound 'C'. Numerous potsherds and
360:
Recent efforts have refined the Weeden Island culture concept so that the term "Weeden Island" includes several distinct regional manifestations which exhibited the same basic ceremonial complex (most likely associated with shared sociopolitical patterns), but that exhibited significant geographic
82:
and house sites. The two types of ceramics have separate histories, and the secular ceramics show considerable variation between regions. Milanich, et al. compare the Weeden Island sacred complex to the
Hopewell and Mississippian complexes, i.e., a ceremonial complex practiced by several cultures.
404:
Several attempts have been made to segregate Weeden Island components into chronological phases based on temporal changes in settlement patterns, artifact assemblage, and ceremonial activities, all of which recognize an inherent distinction between the material culture of earlier and later Weedon
518:, found primarily in burial mounds, and the utilitarian pottery found in village sites and shell middens. The prevalence of undecorated pottery and the lack of major excavations means that the chronology of the Weeden Island culture in the north peninsular Gulf coast is poorly understood.
664:, was left on the remains of the fire after its bottom was knocked out. At least 17 ceramic vessels, including hollow figurines of animals, were broken and left atop the graves of the bone bundles. The whole mound was then covered with a six-foot layer of earth.
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204:. The Manasota culture developed around 500 BCE, 700 years before the development of the Weeden Island sacred complex. The secular component of the Manasota culture had no connection with the secular components of heartland Weeden Island cultures.
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indicate "that there was a sharp dichotomy between sacred and the secular" artifacts (particularly ceramics) within the Weeden Island culture, though this pattern has not been observed west of the
Aucilla River.
200:
in 1923 and 1924. Archaeologists now recognize that the Weedon Island site is well outside the heartland of the Weeden Island culture. The Weedon Island site was part of the Weeden Island-related late
656:
many small fire pits are interpreted as evidence of ceremonies connected with processing the bodies. In 354 the wall of posts and other posts were piled up over the empty grave pits and burned.
1349:
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valley in southeastern
Alabama. Undefined Weeden Island culture variants are found in southeastern Alabama and southwestern Georgia outside the Kolomoki/Wakulla Weeden Island areas.
3113:
3184:
2139:
1342:
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Primary habitation sites were concentrated along the coast, with smaller sites adjacent to inland waterways. The inhabitants left numerous shell middens, composed primarily of
511:
in the area have been disturbed or destroyed by artifact hunters and "borrowing" for road-building material, and there have been no major excavations of sites in the region.
604:
The McKeithen Weeden Island culture was a regional variant of early Weeden Island culture in north
Florida. The area of the McKeithen Weeden Island culture was north of the
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381:
in northernmost inland
Florida; the Manasota culture located within the central Peninsular Gulf Coast; the Northwest culture, extending from the Aucilla River through the
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51:
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burned, then a fire was built of top of it for a feast. A large bowl with animal heads on its rim, which may have been used for serving ceremonial drinks such as the
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1216:
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Weeden Island cultures are defined by ceramics, which fall into two categories, sometimes called secular and sacred. Sacred ceramics are found primarily in
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1211:
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1989:
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and Green Point traditions. It persisted in some areas until the end of the
Woodland period ca. 1200. Weeden Island sites have been found from
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1026:
988:
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were also consumed. Horticulture was absent or a late introduction, although the inhabitants of the southern end of the region (Pasco and
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culture, located in the lower
Chattahoochee Valley; the later Wakulla Weeden Island culture, in the lower Chattahoochee Valley, the lower
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1949:
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1964:
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122:, from which the Swift Creek culture had also developed. The sacred or ceremonial component of Weeden Island developed out of the
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The north peninsular Gulf coast variant of the Weeden Island culture existed along the Gulf of Mexico coast of
Florida from the
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529:, the northernmost part of the region. Later sites in Taylor County show some influence from the Fort Walton culture. In
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State of
Florida Office of Cultural and Historical Programs: Chapter 8. North Peninsular Gulf Coast, 2500 B.P.-A.D. 1600
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Island manifestations. It is most widely accepted that the Weeden Island culture be split into two time periods: the
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Milanich, Jerald T.; Cordell, Ann S.; Knight, Vernon J. Jr.; Kohler, Timothy A.; Sigler-Lavelle, Brenda J. (1997) .
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2512:
1999:
1939:
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480:
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2717:
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2246:
2072:
1824:
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605:
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63:
998:
Milanich, Jerald T. (2002). "Weeden Island
Cultures". In Anderson, David G.; Mainfort, Robert C. Jr. (eds.).
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variant of the Weeden Island culture. Later sites in the southern part of the region show influence from the
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as have other variants of the Weeden Island culture. While a number of sites have been surveyed, most of the
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Anon. 1993. "Chapter 6. North-central Florida, 2500 N>P>-A>D> 1702", in Milanich, Jerald, Ed.
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640:. The three mounds flanked the plaza on three sides. Wood and charcoal found in the village have yielded
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meet. To the east of this Weeden Island heartland, Weeden Island secular components developed out of the
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The Weeden Island culture was not uniform over the north peninsular Gulf coast. Ceramics related to the
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Period (700 AD - 1200 AD). Some Weeden Island II cultures later developed into local variants of the
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The site on Weedon Island where Weeden Island sacred ceramics were first described was excavated by
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variants of Weeden Island groups used slightly different subsistence strategies dictated by local
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Scholars believe that the secular components of Weeden Island cultures emerged from the
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Associated culture - Weeden Island ceremonialism adopted by non-Weeden Island culture
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1914:
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609:
472:
370:
27:
Cultures that existed during the Late Woodland period of the North American Southeast
17:
1097:
616:
drainage basin. It lasted about 500 years, from 200 to 700. It was succeeded by the
361:
variations. These include: the North peninsular Gulf Coast variant, found along the
3168:
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3011:
2912:
2867:
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2632:
2612:
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2168:
1959:
1869:
1834:
1779:
1609:
1594:
1308:
1257:
1201:
533:, to the south of Taylor County, later sites appear to have been influenced by the
514:
As in other Weeden Island areas, there is a difference between ceremonial/prestige
981:
Archaeology of Northern Florida, A.D. 200-900: The McKeithen Weeden Island Culture
1064:
3021:
2902:
2882:
2747:
2607:
2597:
2482:
2226:
2080:
1979:
1859:
1689:
1669:
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1160:
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30:
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are found scattered at early sites throughout the area, but particularly so in
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2955:
2827:
2742:
2657:
2567:
2117:
2066:
1994:
1874:
1814:
1659:
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CE. Abundant evidence of occupation was found in a crescent around a presumed
569:
131:
127:
91:
2832:
2662:
1739:
1186:
1176:
1144:
1134:
577:
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shells. Fish of various kinds were another important component of the diet.
166:
154:
143:
139:
59:
3031:
2995:
2945:
2807:
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2026:
1829:
1247:
573:
180:
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2522:
2399:
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557:
515:
386:
245:
Flint River valley (Georgia) and Choctawhatchee River valley (Alabama)
111:
107:
1002:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. pp. 352–372.
2384:
1318:
593:
549:
508:
79:
1052:
3128:
633:
589:
565:
561:
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75:
29:
3088:
581:
553:
2121:
1338:
1068:
759:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 196–97.
623:
The McKeithen culture is named after a landowner who invited
1550:
54:. The name for this group of cultures was derived from the
183:
marine resources accurately characterizes Weeden Island
34:
One of the living mounds at the Weedon island type site.
1531:
499:. This region has not received as much attention from
1021:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
983:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
964:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
945:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
1524:
1040:. State of Florida Division of Historical Resources.
479:. It also included such inland wetland areas as the
3004:
2936:
2468:
2197:
2044:
2008:
1543:
1409:
1225:
1127:
436:cultures in the panhandle). It was followed by the
916:
90:during the Middle Woodland Period (ca. 200 - 500
78:, while secular ceramics are found primarily in
397:valley, in southwestern Georgia, and the upper
2062:Protection of Native American sites in Florida
1217:University of Tennessee Agriculture Farm Mound
1119:List of archaeological periods (North America)
424:The Weeden Island culture was preceded by the
2133:
1350:
1080:
264:North peninsular coast Weeden Island culture
8:
1182:Little Maquoketa River Mounds State Preserve
962:Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe
756:Handbook ofNorth American Indians: Southeast
2057:Indigenous peoples of the Everglades region
1373:Indigenous peoples of Pre-Columbian Florida
319:Undefined Weeden Island culture variant(s)
309:Undefined Weeden Island culture variant(s)
2140:
2126:
2118:
1357:
1343:
1335:
1087:
1073:
1065:
2648:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
444:in the McKeithen culture area and by the
495:), as well as coastal sites such as the
211:
165:in some areas), a trend toward the semi-
676:
448:in the Northwest area (the panhandle).
440:in the Cades Pond culture area, by the
900:. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press.
58:(despite the dissimilar spellings) in
1019:Archaeology of the Florida Gulf Coast
7:
261:Florida north peninsular Gulf coast
3119:Norse colonization of North America
943:Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida
248:"heartland" Weeden Island cultures
3241:Archaeological cultures of Florida
3221:Native American history of Florida
923:. London: Thames and Hudson, Ltd.
467:North peninsular Gulf coast region
25:
1304:Extreme weather events of 535–536
451:Several archaeologists including
3236:Formative period in the Americas
2073:List of shell ring sites#Florida
1366:
1096:
636:, which was essentially bare of
290:Weeden Island Northwest culture
277:McKeithen Weeden Island culture
208:Geographic and temporal variants
3226:Archaeological sites in Florida
3139:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
818:URL retrieved January 14, 2008.
600:McKeithen Weeden Island culture
379:McKeithen Weeden Island culture
409:Period (200 AD - 700 AD) and
377:in north-central Florida; the
253:Wakulla Weeden Island culture
237:Wakulla Weeden Island culture
146:on the Chattahoochee River at
1:
537:, which developed out of the
46:that existed during the Late
3104:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
3054:Eastern Agricultural Complex
1042:- retrieved October 31, 2007
960:Milanich, Jerald T. (1995).
2488:Bandelier National Monument
2362:List of Mississippian sites
2149:Pre-Columbian North America
1590:Big Mound Key-Boggess Ridge
1532:North peninsular Gulf coast
1207:St. Croix River Access Site
1038:Florida Historical Contexts
828:Florida Historical Contexts
612:to the western edge of the
552:shells, but also including
226:Chattahoochee River valley
3257:
2908:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
2513:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
2222:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
1840:Ortona Prehistoric Village
753:Fogelson, Raymond (2004).
608:, extending east from the
3177:
3149:Three Sisters agriculture
2155:
2099:
1379:
1286:
1109:
1061:, New George Encyclopedia
1017:Wiley, Gordon R. (1949).
779:Milanich 1994:163, 325-26
716:Milanich et al.:10, 21-22
481:Cove of the Withlacoochee
475:southward to what is now
321:
311:
282:
269:
220:
217:
3231:Pinellas County, Florida
2688:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
2247:Buttermilk Creek complex
1825:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
1630:Cayson Mound and Village
1140:Beattie Park Mound Group
915:Fagan, Brian M. (2005).
896:Brown, Robin C. (1994).
417:, collectively known as
52:North American Southeast
2888:Town Creek Indian Mound
2858:Sierra de San Francisco
2713:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
1273:Suwannee Valley culture
618:Suwannee Valley culture
588:counties) were growing
442:Suwannee Valley culture
301:900 - European contact
192:Smithsonian Institution
187:activities in general.
163:small-scale agriculture
50:(500 - 1000 CE) of the
44:archaeological cultures
42:are a group of related
2543:Coso Rock Art District
2430:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
2333:List of Hopewell sites
1760:Letchworth-Love Mounds
1705:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
1565:Aqui Esta Burial Mound
1555:
1499:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
1263:Princess Point complex
1243:Clemson Island culture
1103:Late Woodland cultures
1053:Weedon Island Preserve
1000:The Woodland Southeast
898:Florida's First People
788:Milanich, et al.:22-23
434:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
345:North central Florida
153:Although the multiple
40:Weeden Island cultures
35:
3211:Weeden Island culture
2951:Arlington Springs Man
2793:Portsmouth Earthworks
2017:Manasota Key Offshore
2000:Yon Mound and Village
1775:Mark Pardo Shellworks
1745:Kimball Island Midden
1554:
1314:Mississippian culture
1278:Weeden Island culture
1059:Weeden Island Culture
919:Ancient North America
743:Milanich 1994:221-222
734:Milanich et al.:22-23
707:Milanich et al.:19-22
592:at the time of first
543:Safety Harbor culture
415:Mississippian culture
33:
18:Weedon Island Culture
3216:Late Woodland period
3159:Transoceanic contact
3049:Container Revolution
2623:Gila Cliff Dwellings
2588:Etowah Indian Mounds
2032:Warm Mineral Springs
1605:Bowers Bluff Middens
1309:Fort Ancient culture
725:Milanich 1994:8, 156
685:"Weedon Island Site"
399:Choctawhatchee River
138:, and from south of
3079:Green Corn Ceremony
2893:Turkey River Mounds
2683:Lake Jackson Mounds
2503:Blue Spring Shelter
1935:Shell Bluff Landing
1880:Pompano Beach Mound
1820:Myakkahatchee Creek
1770:Madira Bickel Mound
1750:Lake Jackson Mounds
1401:Post-Archaic period
1299:Belle Glade culture
1253:Monongahela culture
939:Milanich, Jerald T.
523:Swift Creek culture
446:Fort Walton Culture
419:proto-Mississippian
297:Fort Walton culture
88:Swift Creek culture
3164:Underwater panther
2838:Rosenstock Village
2708:Marmes Rockshelter
2693:L'Anse aux Meadows
1985:Waddells Mill Pond
1930:Shark River Slough
1765:Little Salt Spring
1556:
1192:Memorial Park Site
644:of AD 200 to 750.
497:Crystal River site
375:Cades Pond culture
350:Cades Pond culture
316:Southwest Georgia
306:Southeast Alabama
287:Northwest Florida
179:areas and coastal/
124:Hopewell tradition
56:Weedon Island site
36:
3198:
3197:
3190:Pre-Columbian era
2991:Spirit Cave mummy
2788:Plum Bayou Mounds
2698:Lynch Quarry Site
2217:Ancient Beringian
2115:
2114:
2107:Pre-Columbian era
2052:Beaver Lake point
1945:Third Gulf Breeze
1755:Lake Pithlachocco
1675:Fort Walton Mound
1332:
1331:
1324:St. Johns culture
1268:Springwells phase
1156:Brinsfield I Site
1028:978-0-8130-1603-0
990:978-0-8130-1538-5
930:978-0-5002-8532-9
838:Milanich 1994:348
642:radiocarbon dates
627:to excavate some
383:Florida Panhandle
358:
357:
221:Weeden Island II
148:Columbus, Georgia
16:(Redirected from
3248:
3134:Projectile point
2971:Leanderthal Lady
2898:Upward Sun River
2873:Stallings Island
2863:Shell ring sites
2813:Recapture Canyon
2728:Moorehead Circle
2573:El Fin del Mundo
2558:Cueva de la Olla
2364:
2351:Maritime Archaic
2335:
2165:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2119:
2075:
1655:Devil's Den Cave
1620:Butcherpen Mound
1575:Bear Lake Mounds
1534:
1527:
1387:
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1370:
1359:
1352:
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1100:
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994:
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689:
681:
651:Mound 'A' was a
426:Deptford culture
411:Weeden Island II
336:Manasota culture
230:Kolomaki culture
218:Weeden Island I
212:
202:Manasota culture
198:J. Walter Fewkes
136:Okefenokee Swamp
120:Deptford culture
21:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3185:Genetic history
3173:
3027:Ceremonial pipe
3000:
2981:Minnesota Woman
2938:
2932:
2753:Ocmulgee Mounds
2733:Morrison Mounds
2678:Kolomoki Mounds
2668:Kimball Village
2528:Candelaria Cave
2470:
2464:
2445:Suwannee Valley
2380:Old Cordilleran
2360:
2331:
2199:
2193:
2159:
2151:
2146:
2116:
2111:
2095:
2071:
2040:
2010:
2004:
1990:Wakulla Springs
1970:Upper Tampa Bay
1885:Portavant Mound
1855:Persimmon Mound
1800:Mount Elizabeth
1545:
1539:
1530:
1523:
1509:Suwannee Valley
1411:
1405:
1383:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1333:
1328:
1282:
1238:Avonlea culture
1233:Alachua culture
1221:
1212:Sommerheim Park
1197:Nottingham Site
1123:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1055:- official site
1049:
1029:
1016:
1010:
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972:
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724:
720:
715:
711:
706:
702:
692:
690:
687:
683:
682:
678:
674:
614:St. Johns River
602:
535:Alachua culture
469:
438:Alachua culture
428:(and the later
407:Weeden Island I
331:Tampa Bay area
210:
170:hunter-gatherer
94:) in the lower
72:
64:Pinellas County
48:Woodland period
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3254:
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3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
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3111:
3109:Mound Builders
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:Medicine wheel
3091:
3086:
3084:Horned Serpent
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
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3046:
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3036:
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2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
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2835:
2830:
2825:
2823:Roberts Island
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Old Stone Fort
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2723:Moaning Cavern
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2673:Kincaid Mounds
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2553:Cuarenta Casas
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2508:Bluefish Caves
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2469:Archaeological
2466:
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2299:
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2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2267:Caloosahatchee
2264:
2259:
2254:
2252:Caborn-Welborn
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2198:Archaeological
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2156:
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2152:
2147:
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2137:
2130:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2091:Suwannee point
2088:
2083:
2078:
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2076:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
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1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
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1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1905:Roberts Island
1902:
1897:
1895:Princess Mound
1892:
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1867:
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1732:
1730:Josslyn Island
1727:
1722:
1717:
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1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1665:Douglass Beach
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
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1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:Big Mound City
1582:
1580:Big Heart West
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1549:
1547:
1544:Archaeological
1541:
1540:
1538:
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1536:
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1528:
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1511:
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1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1459:Leon-Jefferson
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1434:Caloosahatchee
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1410:Archaeological
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1396:Archaic period
1393:
1388:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1364:
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1339:
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1290:Related topics
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1153:
1147:
1142:
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1125:
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1122:
1121:
1116:
1114:Mound Builders
1110:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1048:
1047:External links
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1044:
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625:archaeologists
606:Santa Fe River
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274:North Florida
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3069:Falcon dancer
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3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:Miscellaneous
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:Melbourne Man
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:La Brea Woman
2964:
2962:
2961:Kennewick Man
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2935:
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2879:
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2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:Serpent Mound
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2849:
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2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Pueblo Bonito
2801:
2799:
2798:Poverty Point
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Pinson Mounds
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:Painted Bluff
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
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2739:
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2734:
2731:
2729:
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2706:
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2701:
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2679:
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2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
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2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2653:Horr's Island
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Effigy Mounds
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:Crystal River
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
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2506:
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2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2460:Weeden Island
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:Safety Harbor
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Poverty Point
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2395:Paleo-Indians
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2356:Mississippian
2354:
2352:
2349:
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2202:
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2190:
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2177:
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2158:
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2143:
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2123:
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2098:
2092:
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2087:
2086:Simpson point
2084:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
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2045:Miscellaneous
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2022:Melbourne Man
2020:
2018:
2015:
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1975:Useppa Island
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1941:
1938:
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1925:Safety Harbor
1923:
1921:
1918:
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1915:Rookery Mound
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1720:Indian Fields
1718:
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1715:Horr's Island
1713:
1711:
1710:Hinson Mounds
1708:
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1695:Halfway Creek
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1640:Crystal River
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1560:Apalachee Bay
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1519:Weeden Island
1517:
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1494:Safety Harbor
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1479:Orange period
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1294:Steuben point
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1071:
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1067:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1009:0-8173-1137-8
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
986:
982:
977:
973:
971:0-8130-1360-7
967:
963:
958:
954:
952:0-8130-1273-2
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
926:
921:
920:
913:
909:
907:1-56164-032-8
903:
899:
894:
893:
889:
880:
877:
871:
868:
862:
859:
853:
850:
847:Brown:41, 43.
844:
841:
835:
832:
829:
824:
821:
817:
812:
809:
806:Fagan:460-461
803:
800:
794:
791:
785:
782:
776:
773:
768:
766:0-16-072300-0
762:
758:
757:
749:
746:
740:
737:
731:
728:
722:
719:
713:
710:
704:
701:
686:
680:
677:
671:
669:
665:
663:
657:
654:
649:
645:
643:
639:
635:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
610:Aucilla River
607:
599:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:Taylor County
524:
519:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
501:archeologists
498:
494:
491:(in southern
490:
486:
485:Citrus County
482:
478:
474:
473:Aucilla River
466:
462:
459:
458:
457:
454:
453:William Sears
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:Aucilla River
368:
364:
353:
351:
347:
344:
343:
339:
337:
333:
330:
329:
325:
324:
318:
315:
314:
308:
305:
304:
300:
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295:
292:
289:
286:
285:
279:
276:
273:
272:
266:
263:
260:
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255:
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250:
247:
244:
243:
239:
236:
233:
231:
228:
225:
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214:
213:
207:
205:
203:
199:
196:
195:archaeologist
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
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164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
96:Chattahoochee
93:
89:
84:
81:
77:
69:
67:
65:
61:
60:Old Tampa Bay
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
3169:Water glyphs
3124:Oasisamerica
3114:N.A.G.P.R.A.
3074:Folsom point
3064:Effigy mound
3044:Clovis point
3012:Aridoamerica
2913:Wickiup Hill
2868:Spiro Mounds
2848:Salmon Ruins
2843:Russell Cave
2638:Helen Blazes
2633:Grimes Point
2613:Fort Juelson
2603:Fort Ancient
2578:El Vallecito
2538:Chaco Canyon
2478:Angel Mounds
2459:
2440:Steed-Kisker
2390:Paleo-Arctic
2312:Glacial Kame
2297:Fort Ancient
2189:Post-Classic
2160:
1960:Turtle Mound
1955:Turner River
1950:Thomas Creek
1940:Spruce Creek
1920:Ross Hammock
1890:Porter's Bar
1870:Platt Island
1835:Ormond Mound
1810:Mount Taylor
1780:Miami Circle
1735:Jungle Prada
1725:J&J Hunt
1700:Helen Blazes
1685:Garden Patch
1610:Bubba Midden
1595:Bird Hammock
1518:
1469:Mount Taylor
1391:Paleoindians
1384:
1277:
1258:Oliver phase
1202:Ormond Mound
1037:
1018:
999:
980:
961:
942:
918:
897:
879:
870:
865:Brown:48-50.
861:
852:
843:
834:
827:
823:
811:
802:
793:
784:
775:
755:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
691:. Retrieved
679:
666:
658:
653:charnel area
650:
646:
622:
603:
547:
531:Dixie County
520:
513:
489:Gulf Hammock
477:Pasco County
470:
460:
450:
423:
418:
410:
406:
403:
389:; the early
367:Pasco County
359:
189:
175:of hardwood
173:exploitation
152:
100:Apalachicola
85:
73:
39:
37:
3154:Thunderbird
3022:Black drink
2986:Peñon woman
2923:Winterville
2903:Velda Mound
2883:Taos Pueblo
2778:Parkin Park
2763:Orwell site
2748:Nodena site
2643:Holly Bluff
2618:Four Mounds
2608:Fort Center
2533:Casa Grande
2483:Anzick site
2375:Monongahela
2302:Fort Walton
2277:Coles Creek
2242:Belle Glade
2227:Anishinaabe
2081:Shell works
1980:Velda Mound
1965:Twin Mounds
1850:Page-Ladson
1805:Mount Royal
1790:Monroe Lake
1690:Green Mound
1680:Galt Island
1670:Fort Center
1514:Swift Creek
1449:Fort Walton
1424:Belle Glade
1172:Fisher site
1168:(12-LR-329)
1161:Brokaw Site
883:Brown:52-3.
874:Brown:50-1.
856:Brown:46-8.
693:22 December
662:black drink
570:Sea turtles
493:Levy County
430:Swift Creek
395:Flint River
385:to Mobile,
365:coast from
256:750 - 1200
240:750 - 1200
185:subsistence
161:(including
159:environment
3205:Categories
3099:Metallurgy
3059:Eden point
2956:Buhl Woman
2828:Rock Eagle
2818:River Styx
2743:Mummy Cave
2738:Moundville
2718:Mesa Verde
2703:Marksville
2450:Tchefuncte
2410:Plaquemine
2346:Las Palmas
2262:Calf Creek
2257:Cades Pond
2067:Shell ring
1995:Yent Mound
1910:Rock Mound
1900:River Styx
1815:Mullet Key
1660:Dismal Key
1650:Demere Key
1635:C. J. Ostl
1625:Cayo Pelau
1615:Burns Lake
1429:Cades Pond
1152:(12 MA 61)
1150:Bowen Site
890:References
578:alligators
539:Cades Pond
507:and shell
354:300 - 500
340:300 - 800
293:300 - 900
280:200 - 700
267:200 - 900
234:350 - 750
155:geographic
132:Mobile Bay
3144:Stickball
2833:Rock Hawk
2663:Key Marco
2455:Troyville
2435:St. Johns
2420:Red Ocher
2179:Formative
1845:Otis Hare
1795:Mound Key
1785:Mill Cove
1740:Key Marco
1600:Blueberry
1570:Bay Pines
1525:McKeithen
1504:St. Johns
1489:Pensacola
1187:Man Mound
1177:Hoye Site
1145:Book site
1135:Baum Site
797:Fagan:458
672:Citations
638:artifacts
596:contact.
574:tortoises
167:sedentary
144:fall line
140:Tampa Bay
3032:Chanunpa
3017:Ballgame
2996:Vero man
2946:Anzick-1
2918:Windover
2878:SunWatch
2808:Rassawek
2628:Glenwood
2518:Brewster
2370:Mogollon
2341:La Jolla
2327:Hopewell
2287:Deptford
2200:cultures
2037:Windover
2027:Vero man
1865:Pineland
1830:Nocoroco
1464:Manasota
1444:Deptford
1412:cultures
1248:Manahoac
1226:Cultures
941:(1994).
594:European
586:Hernando
391:Kolomoki
181:riverine
106:, where
104:drainage
3181:Related
3039:Chunkey
2939:remains
2928:Wupatki
2768:Paquime
2658:Huápoca
2523:Cahokia
2493:Bastian
2400:Patayan
2322:Hohokam
2307:Fremont
2282:Comondú
2237:Baytown
2232:Avonlea
2212:Alachua
2184:Classic
2174:Archaic
2162:Periods
2103:Related
2011:remains
1474:Norwood
1419:Alachua
1385:Periods
558:scallop
516:pottery
509:middens
387:Alabama
369:to the
348:middle
215:Region
177:hammock
142:to the
134:to the
126:-based
116:Georgia
112:Florida
108:Alabama
80:middens
70:History
2598:Folsom
2563:Cutler
2498:Benson
2385:Oneota
2317:Glades
2292:Folsom
2272:Clovis
2169:Lithic
1860:Pierce
1645:Cutler
1454:Glades
1439:Clovis
1319:Oneota
1025:
1006:
987:
968:
949:
927:
904:
763:
629:mounds
550:oyster
505:mounds
487:) and
373:; the
102:river
76:mounds
3129:Piasa
2937:Human
2568:Eaker
2471:sites
2405:Plano
2207:Adena
2009:Human
1875:Plaza
1546:sites
1128:Sites
688:(PDF)
634:plaza
590:maize
566:conch
562:whelk
334:late
3089:Kiva
1023:ISBN
1004:ISBN
985:ISBN
966:ISBN
947:ISBN
925:ISBN
902:ISBN
761:ISBN
695:2014
582:deer
580:and
564:and
554:clam
483:(in
432:and
363:Gulf
128:Yent
114:and
38:The
2593:Eva
62:in
3207::
620:.
576:,
572:,
560:,
556:,
545:.
421:.
150:.
110:,
92:CE
66:.
2141:e
2134:t
2127:v
1358:e
1351:t
1344:v
1088:e
1081:t
1074:v
1031:.
1012:.
993:.
974:.
955:.
933:.
910:.
769:.
697:.
98:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
