39:
28:
115:
Each of the
Wehrkreise was tasked to deploy one division by 1 October 1920 (resulting in the 1st through 7th Divisions of the Reichswehr, with the divisional ordinal number matching the cardinal number of the respective Wehrkreis). These seven (infantry) divisions were additionally joined by three
686:
Several cardinal numbers were not assigned to a particular
Wehrkreis and skipped in the numbering. These were 14 (XIV), 15 (XV), 16 (XVI) and 19 (XIX). As the Wehrkreis system was initially tightly bound to the army corps (with each of the thirteen original districts as well as the two Austrian
1431:
782:. General Nasution viewed the Wehrkreise system were important for each Indonesian army districts to mount resistance independently. Barry Turner has noted the similarities of Indonesian
687:
districts being assigned an army corps of the matching ordinal number with its headquarters in that
Wehrkreis), these numbers were skipped as they were taken up by the motorized corps (
1158:
1156:
1154:
703:). The four corps were not inherently bound to one particular military district (but naturally ended up with some connections to their respective peacetime headquarters regardless).
786:
implemented by
Nasution with the Germans in aspect of dividing of tier forces between the mobile force units and the partisan elements. He also noted the similarities of Nasution
406:, which was formed in October 1934, initially disguised as "Heeresdienststelle Breslau". The corps was then given its proper designation as VIII Army Corps in 1935. After the
1421:
359:
1010:. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 (in German). Vol. 3. Osnabrück: Verlag E. S. Mittler & Sohn GmbH.
980:. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 (in German). Vol. 2. Osnabrück: Verlag E. S. Mittler & Sohn GmbH.
446:, which was formed in October 1934, initially disguised as "Heeresdienststelle Kassel". The corps was then given its proper designation as IX Army Corps in 1935.
1070:
Verzeichnis der
Friedensgarnisonen 1932–1939 und Stationierungen im Kriege 1939–1945: Wehrkreise XVII, XVIII, XX, XXI und besetzte Gebiete Ost und Südost
759:
in response to the Dutch positional advantages in artificial line that covered in that agreement. General
Simatupang noted that he use the term of
1426:
1072:. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 (in German). Vol. 16. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag.
1038:. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 (in German). Vol. 17. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag.
946:. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 (in German). Vol. 16. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag.
1100:. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 (in German). Vol. 4. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag.
1347:
751:
formation of their army; this was formalized in a "strategy command order" issued by
Sudirman that same year, which formally adopted the
663:
123:
were the home to the army corps of the same number and all subordinate units of that formation. The corps commander also commanded the
183:
66:. The task of military districts was the organization and the handling of reinforcements and resupplies for local military units. The
1392:
1266:
1211:
1174:
808:
778:
rationalize that this strategy enabled the
Indonesian army to conduct guerilla warfare in following conflict with Dutch army during
138:
of 1938. During the war, four were added, and some
Districts had territory added to them from other countries conquered by Germany.
716:
1105:
1077:
1043:
951:
915:
870:
720:
38:
1126:
1323:
Martijn
Eickhoff (2023). PURWANTO, BAMBANG; FRAKKING, ROEL; WAHID, ABDUL; VAN KLINKEN, GERRY; EICKHOFF, MARTIJN (eds.).
800:, the second and longest serving president Indonesian republic, once serving as brigade commander under jurisdiction of
611:
486:. It contained territories in northern-central Germany, including large parts of what in the modern day is southeastern
112:(which combined under them several military units across Wehrkreis lines) were soon reduced in number from four to two.
583:
555:
403:
1280:
1278:
108:
commands, each assigned to one of the seven initial Wehrkreise of the Weimar Republic (numbered I through VII). The
696:
523:
379:
247:
134:
At the start of the war, there were fifteen Districts in Germany. Two Austrian Districts had been added after the
791:
692:
495:
443:
383:
355:
351:
319:
279:
275:
251:
223:
219:
171:
790:
with theterritorial warfare conducted by Josip Broz Tito. This system also served as basis for Indonesian army
471:
315:
307:
167:
100:
1197:
186:(accepted by Lithuania on 23 March 1939); the Wehrkreis was later fed yet more territory in the form of the
75:
1166:
A. H. Nasution and Indonesia's Elites "People's Resistance" in the War of Independence and Postwar Politics
1036:
Verzeichnis der Friedensgarnisonen 1932–1939 und Stationierungen im Kriege 1939–1945. Wehrkreise VII–XIII
558:, which was formed on 1 October 1937 with headquarters at Nuremberg. The district was expanded after the
530:(1940), Wehrkreis XII was expanded through the addition of parts of Lorraine (such as the Nancy area).
944:
Verzeichnis der Friedensgarnisonen 1932–1939 und Stationierungen im Kriege 1939–1945. Wehrkreise I–VI
744:
511:
311:
282:
of the Reichswehr. It was later expanded through the addition of parts of northern Bohemia after the
87:
614:(after 1940: XVIII Mountain Corps), which was formed on 1 April 1938 with headquarters in Salzburg.
586:, which was formed on 1 April 1938 with headquarters at Vienna. The district was expanded after the
1203:
Gangsters and Revolutionaries The Jakarta People's Militia and the Indonesian Revolution, 1945-1949
888:
German Order of Battle 1944: The Regiments, Formations and Units of the German Ground Forces London
1353:
1298:
1228:
732:
675:
651:
631:
459:
419:
415:
187:
1325:"The violence of Dutch public security: Semarang and its Central Javanese hinterland, 1945-1949"
179:
1388:
1343:
1262:
1207:
1170:
1101:
1073:
1039:
947:
911:
866:
728:
724:
1335:
820:
756:
740:
688:
587:
559:
547:
527:
407:
323:
283:
67:
27:
1243:
1134:
779:
470:
coast, as well as parts of the Baltic Sea coast. Wehrkreis X was the home district of the
95:
763:
from a german book. The establishment of this doctrine resulted in the formation of five
700:
647:
303:
1415:
491:
271:
155:
1378:
1324:
775:
748:
627:
487:
463:
347:
159:
63:
59:
1382:
1201:
1164:
343:
239:
207:
666:
was also a Wehrkreis, with respective institutions being created in late 1942.
526:, which was formed on 1 October 1936 with headquarters at Wiesbaden. After the
250:(after June 1942: III Panzer Corps), which was formed in October 1934 from the
78:, supply, and equipment were (at least partially) entrusted to the Ersatzheer.
1138:
802:
519:
395:
339:
335:
215:
175:
163:
91:
768:
607:
579:
543:
539:
507:
467:
439:
434:
and contained territories in central Germany, including parts of modern-day
295:
211:
135:
32:
1357:
1144:..perang jangka panjang dijabarkan dalam organisasi dan sistem Wehrkreise..
643:
623:
50:, also known in some English-language publications by their German name as
17:
755:
system, since they viewed the German military district system enabled the
678:
was also a Wehrkreis, with respective institutions being created in 1943.
510:. Its territory was roughly equivalent to the modern-day German states of
1287:"The Political Role of the Indonesian Military: Past, Present and Future"
736:
599:
515:
203:
1339:
1302:
1286:
238:
and contained roughly the territories of the modern-day German state of
797:
603:
575:
551:
483:
455:
411:
399:
375:
263:
243:
571:
431:
371:
267:
235:
498:, which was formed on 1 October 1936 with headquarters at Hanover.
435:
299:
37:
26:
1432:
Military units and formations of the German Army in World War II
266:
and contained the territories of the modern-day German state of
863:
Hitler's Legions: The German Army Order of Battle, World War II
418:(1939), the territory was further extended to include parts of
214:, which also gave Wehrkreis II the largest share of the German
735:. The agreement forced Indonesian military commanders such as
518:, with the addition of a small part of northern Baden (around
474:, which was formed on 15 October 1935 from the Cavalry Corps.
131:
passed to the corps second-in-command at the outbreak of war.
1121:
1119:
1117:
362:(1940), parts of eastern Belgium were added to Wehrkreis VI.
542:. It contained the territories of the historic provinces of
74:) managed the districts. Responsibilities such as training,
602:. It contained the southwestern and southeastern thirds of
466:, placing Wehrkreis X exclusively in charge of the German
374:
and contained the south of the modern-day German state of
206:
and included the territories of the historic provinces of
1261:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
398:
and contained the territory of the historic province of
723:. The background of such formations were caused by the
158:
and contained the territory of the German exclave of
326:(1940), it was extended to include parts of Alsace.
310:(about equivalent to the modern-day German state of
550:in what is today the northern half of modern-day
218:coast. Wehrkreis II was the home district of the
166:coast. Wehrkreis I was the home district of the
98:) took its place, and four commands of the type
646:. It contained the territories of the historic
298:, containing roughly the historic provinces of
1068:Tessin, Georg (1996). Zweng, Christian (ed.).
1034:Tessin, Georg (1996). Zweng, Christian (ed.).
942:Tessin, Georg (1996). Zweng, Christian (ed.).
522:). Wehrkreis XII was the home district of the
590:(1938) to include parts of southern Bohemia.
458:. It contained the territories of modern-day
270:as well as some southern parts of modern-day
8:
562:(1938) to include parts of western Bohemia.
494:. Wehrkreis XI was the home district of the
442:. Wehrkreis IX was the home district of the
382:, which was formed in October 1934 from the
354:, which was formed in October 1934 from the
318:, which was formed in October 1934 from the
278:, which was formed in October 1934 from the
222:, which was formed in October 1934 from the
170:, which was formed in October 1934 from the
58:), were administrative territorial units in
610:. Wehrkreis XVIII was the home district of
606:, added to the German Reich after the 1938
578:, added to the German Reich after the 1938
1387:. Cambridge University Press. p. 30.
582:. Wehrkreis XVII was the home district of
554:. Wehrkreis XIII was the home district of
402:. Wehrkreis VIII was the home district of
178:. Wehrkreis I was expanded to include the
1422:Commands (military formations) of Germany
1291:Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science
574:. It contained the northeastern third of
378:. Wehrkreis VII was the home district of
246:. Wehrkreis III was the home district of
626:. It contained the historic province of
350:. Wehrkreis VI was the home district of
314:). Wehrkreis V was the home district of
274:. Wehrkreis IV was the home district of
162:, making it also a coastal state on the
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
908:Deutsche Verbände und Truppen 1918–1939
832:
338:and contained the historic province of
1238:
1237:
1226:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
414:were added to the district. After the
1091:
1089:
856:
598:Wehrkreis XVIII was headquartered at
7:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
901:
899:
897:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
570:Wehrkreis XVII was headquartered at
538:Wehrkreis XIII was headquartered at
462:and most of the north of modern-day
394:Wehrkreis VIII was headquartered at
1334:. Amsterdam University Press: 109.
1206:. Equinox Publishing. p. 163.
664:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
642:Wehrkreis XXI was headquartered at
506:Wehrkreis XII was headquartered at
370:Wehrkreis VII was headquartered at
234:Wehrkreis III was headquartered at
650:, occupied by Germany in the 1939
630:, occupied by Germany in the 1939
622:Wehrkreis XX was headquartered at
482:Wehrkreis XI was headquartered at
430:Wehrkreis IX was headquartered at
334:Wehrkreis VI was headquartered at
262:Wehrkreis IV was headquartered at
202:Wehrkreis II was headquartered at
86:On 30 September 1919, much of the
42:Map of the Wehrkreise in 1943-1944
25:
809:General Offensive of 1 March 1949
454:Wehrkreis X was headquartered at
294:Wehrkreis V was headquartered at
154:Wehrkreis I was headquartered at
890:. London: Arms and Armour Press.
1169:. Lexington Books. p. 69.
104:were created, as well as seven
1427:Military districts and regions
1259:Suharto: A Political Biography
721:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
1384:Suharto A Political Biography
865:. Stein and Days Publishing.
358:of the Reichswehr. After the
322:of the Reichswehr. After the
242:and the historic province of
184:German ultimatum to Lithuania
1127:"Perintah Siasat No. 1/1948"
658:Protectorate Bohemia-Moravia
360:German occupation of Belgium
861:Mitcham, Samuel W. (1985).
747:to abandon the traditional
1448:
1131:Tentara Nasional Indonesia
1098:Die Landstreitkräfte 15–30
528:German victory over France
410:(1938), parts of northern
346:, and parts of modern-day
324:German victory over France
145:List of military districts
110:Reichswehrgruppenkommandos
1257:Elson, Robert E. (2001).
1008:Die Landstreitkräfte 6–14
792:Military Regional Command
416:German invasion of Poland
101:Reichswehrgruppenkommando
31:The Wehrkreise after the
978:Die Landstreitkräfte 1–5
308:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
648:region by the same name
1096:Tessin, Georg (1977).
1006:Tessin, Georg (1977).
976:Tessin, Georg (1975).
906:Tessin, Georg (1974).
43:
35:
1163:Barry Turner (2017).
910:(in German). Biblio.
886:Hogg, Ian V. (1975).
707:Usage outside Germany
119:In peacetime, the 13
41:
30:
807:district during the
745:Abdul Haris Nasution
727:that mounted by the
512:Rhineland-Palatinate
88:Imperial German Army
1340:10.2307/jj.399493.8
1285:Salim Said (1987).
1141:on 16 August 2007.
717:Indonesian military
670:Generalgouvernement
386:of the Reichswehr.
254:of the Reichswehr.
226:of the Reichswehr.
116:cavalry divisions.
90:was dissolved. The
733:Renville Agreement
676:General Government
652:Invasion of Poland
632:Invasion of Poland
460:Schleswig-Holstein
420:East Upper Silesia
188:Bialystok District
62:before and during
48:military districts
44:
36:
1349:978-94-6372-758-7
1236:External link in
729:Dutch East Indies
725:Operation Product
682:Gaps in numbering
312:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
127:. Command of the
106:Wehrkreiskommando
16:(Redirected from
1439:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1160:
1149:
1148:
1137:. Archived from
1123:
1112:
1111:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1065:
1050:
1049:
1031:
1012:
1011:
1003:
982:
981:
973:
958:
957:
939:
922:
921:
903:
892:
891:
883:
877:
876:
858:
821:Replacement Army
757:Defence in depth
741:T. B. Simatupang
719:in 1948, during
715:were adopted in
612:XVIII Army Corps
588:Munich Agreement
560:Munich Agreement
548:Upper Palatinate
408:Munich Agreement
284:Munich Agreement
68:Replacement Army
21:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1350:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1235:
1225:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1135:Indonesian Army
1125:
1124:
1115:
1108:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1053:
1046:
1033:
1032:
1015:
1005:
1004:
985:
975:
974:
961:
954:
941:
940:
925:
918:
905:
904:
895:
885:
884:
880:
873:
860:
859:
834:
829:
817:
780:Operation Kraai
731:, which caused
711:The concept of
709:
684:
672:
660:
640:
620:
596:
594:Wehrkreis XVIII
584:XVII Army Corps
568:
556:XIII Army Corps
536:
504:
480:
452:
428:
404:VIII Army Corps
392:
368:
332:
292:
260:
232:
200:
180:Memel Territory
152:
147:
141:
96:Weimar Republic
84:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1445:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1393:
1370:
1348:
1315:
1274:
1267:
1249:
1239:|author1=
1212:
1189:
1175:
1150:
1113:
1106:
1085:
1078:
1051:
1044:
1013:
983:
959:
952:
923:
916:
893:
878:
871:
831:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
816:
813:
805:Wehrkreise III
749:linear defense
708:
705:
701:XIX Army Corps
697:XVI Army Corps
689:XIV Army Corps
683:
680:
671:
668:
659:
656:
639:
636:
619:
616:
595:
592:
567:
566:Wehrkreis XVII
564:
535:
534:Wehrkreis XIII
532:
524:XII Army Corps
503:
500:
479:
476:
451:
448:
427:
424:
391:
390:Wehrkreis VIII
388:
380:VII Army Corps
367:
364:
342:, much of the
331:
328:
291:
288:
259:
256:
248:III Army Corps
231:
228:
199:
196:
151:
148:
146:
143:
83:
80:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1444:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1396:
1394:9780521773263
1390:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1268:0-521-77326-1
1264:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1230:
1215:
1213:9789793780719
1209:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1178:
1176:9781498560122
1172:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:In Indonesian
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
984:
979:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
960:
955:
949:
945:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
924:
919:
913:
909:
902:
900:
898:
894:
889:
882:
879:
874:
868:
864:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
833:
826:
822:
819:
818:
814:
812:
810:
806:
804:
799:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
767:districts in
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
706:
704:
702:
698:
694:
693:XV Army Corps
690:
681:
679:
677:
669:
667:
665:
657:
655:
653:
649:
645:
638:Wehrkreis XXI
637:
635:
633:
629:
625:
617:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
593:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
533:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
502:Wehrkreis XII
501:
499:
497:
496:XI Army Corps
493:
492:Saxony-Anhalt
490:and northern
489:
485:
477:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
449:
447:
445:
444:IX Army Corps
441:
437:
433:
425:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
389:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
366:Wehrkreis VII
365:
363:
361:
357:
353:
352:VI Army Corps
349:
345:
341:
337:
329:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
276:IV Army Corps
273:
272:Saxony-Anhalt
269:
265:
257:
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320:5th Division
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794:or KODAM.
450:Wehrkreis X
344:Lower Rhine
304:WĂĽrttemberg
290:Wehrkreis V
240:Brandenburg
208:Mecklenburg
150:Wehrkreis I
54:(singular:
18:Wehrkreis X
1416:Categories
1107:3764810971
1079:3764809418
1045:3764809418
953:3764817453
917:3764810009
872:0812829921
827:References
803:Yogyakarta
788:Wehrkreise
784:Wehrkreise
774:Historian
765:Wehrkreise
761:Wehrkreise
713:Wehrkreise
520:Heidelberg
340:Westphalia
216:Baltic Sea
182:after the
176:Reichswehr
164:Baltic Sea
156:Königsberg
121:Wehrkreise
92:Reichswehr
72:Ersatzheer
52:Wehrkreise
1229:cite book
769:West Java
753:Wehrkreis
608:Anschluss
580:Anschluss
544:Franconia
540:Nuremberg
508:Wiesbaden
468:North Sea
440:Thuringia
296:Stuttgart
286:of 1938.
212:Pomerania
136:Anschluss
129:Wehrkreis
125:Wehrkreis
56:Wehrkreis
33:Anschluss
1381:(2001).
1303:24491631
1200:(2009).
815:See also
737:Sudirman
600:Salzburg
516:Saarland
194:region.
190:and the
94:(of the
1400:5 April
1363:4 April
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1182:6 April
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604:Austria
576:Austria
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456:Hamburg
412:Moravia
400:Silesia
396:Breslau
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336:MĂĽnster
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204:Stettin
192:Sudauen
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306:, and
268:Saxony
236:Berlin
1354:JSTOR
1328:(PDF)
1299:JSTOR
644:Posen
436:Hesse
300:Baden
1402:2024
1389:ISBN
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1344:ISBN
1332:2023
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1263:ISBN
1244:help
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