112:
in between the pieces. This joint type is common with gas and arc welding. For thicker joints, the edge of each member of the joint must be prepared to a particular geometry to provide accessibility for welding and to ensure the desired weld soundness and strength. The opening or gap at the root of the joint and the included angle of the groove should be selected to require the least weld metal necessary to give needed access and meet strength requirements. Only metal up to 4.5mm thick is usually used for square butt joints.
20:
86:, or cracking. For strong welds, the goal is to use the least amount of welding material possible. Butt welds are prevalent in automated welding processes, such as submerged-arc welding, due to their relative ease of preparation. When metals are welded without human guidance, there is no operator to adjust non-ideal joint preparation. Because of this necessity, butt welds can be utilized for their simplistic design to be fed through automated welding machines efficiently.
121:
requires less filler material because there are two narrower V-joints compared to a wider single-V joint. Also the double-V joint helps compensate for warping forces. With a single-V joint, stress tends to warp the piece in one direction when the V-joint is filled, but with a double-V-joint, there are welds on both sides of the material, having opposing stresses, straightening the material.
490:
machining due to the need for high accuracy. The chipping method is used to prepare parts that were produced by casting. The use of grinding to prepare pieces is reserved for small sections that cannot be prepared by other methods. Air carbon arc cutting is common in industries that work with stainless steels, cast iron, or ordinary carbon steel.
103:
the weld has been welded from both sides. With double welding, the depths of each weld can vary slightly. A closed weld is a type of joint in which the two pieces that will be joined are touching during the welding process. An open weld is the joint type where the two pieces have a small gap in between them during the welding process.
489:
For steel materials, oxyacetylene cutting is the most common form of preparation. This technique is advantageous because of its speed, low cost, and adaptability. Machining is the most effective for reproducibility and mass production of parts. The preparation of J or U joints is commonly prepared by
133:
that easily accepts filler material and the other piece is square. A J-groove is formed either with special cutting machinery or by grinding the joint edge into the form of a J. Although a J-groove is more difficult and costly to prepare than a V-groove, a single J-groove on metal between a half an
120:
Single V welds are similar to a bevel joint, but instead of only one side having the bevelled edge, both sides of the weld joint are beveled. In thick metals, and when welding can be performed from both sides of the work piece, a double-V joint is used. When welding thicker metals, a double-V joint
102:
There are many types of butt welds, but all fall within one of these categories: single-welded butt joints, double-welded butt joint, and open or closed butt joints. A single welded butt joint is the name for a joint that has only been welded from one side. A double-welded butt joint is created when
111:
The square groove is a butt welding joint with the two pieces being flat and parallel to each other. This joint is simple to prepare, economical to use, and provides satisfactory strength but is limited by joint thickness. The closed square butt weld is a type of square-groove joint with no spacing
477:
In common welding practices, the welding surface must be prepared to ensure the strongest weld possible. Preparation is needed for all forms of welding and all types of joints. Generally, butt welds require very little preparation, but some is still needed for the best results. Plate edges can be
146:
Single-U butt welds are welds that have both edges of the weld surface shaped like a J, but once they come together, they form a U. Double-U joints have a U formation on both the top and bottom of the prepared joint. U-joints are the most expensive edge to prepare and weld. They are usually used
182:
Selection of the right weld joint depends on the thickness and process used. The square welds are the most economical for pieces thinner than 3/8”, because they don’t require the edge to be prepared. Double-groove welds are the most economical for thicker pieces because they require less weld
175:
Thin sheet metals are often flanged to produce edge-flange or corner-flange welds. These welds are typically made without the addition of filler metal because the flange melts and provides all the filler needed. Pipes and tubing can be made from rolling and welding together strips, sheets, or
77:
Butt welds are welds where two pieces of metal to be joined are in the same plane. These welds require only some preparation and are used with thin sheet metals that can be welded with a single pass. Common issues that can weaken a butt weld are the entrapment of
95:
422:
493:
Prior to welding dissimilar materials, one or both faces of the groove can be buttered. The buttered layer can be the same alloy as the filler metal or a different filler metal that will act as a buffer between the two metals to be joined.
452:
Rules for Steel
Vessels, cruciform joints may be considered a double barrier if the two substances requiring a double barrier are in opposite corners diagonally. Double barriers are often required to separate
194:
Below are listed ideal joint thicknesses for the various types of butt. When the thickness of a butt weld is defined it is measured at the thinner part and does not compensate for the weld reinforcement.
179:
Flare-groove joints are used for welding metals that, because of their shape, form a convenient groove for welding, such as a pipe against a flat surface.
134:
inch and three-quarters of an inch thick provides a stronger weld that requires less filler material. Double-J butt welds have one piece that has a
656:
479:
187:
is common for closed single-bevel, closed single J, open single J, and closed double J butt joints. The use of gas and
449:
191:
is ideal for double-bevel, closed double-bevel, open double-bevel, single-bevel, and open single-bevel butt welds.
52:
155:
The Tee Weld Joint is formed when two bars or sheets are joined perpendicular to each other in the form of a
147:
on thick base metals where a V-groove would be at such an extreme angle that it would cost too much to fill.
483:
503:
478:
prepared for butt joints in various ways, but the five most common techniques are oxyacetylene cutting (
19:
63:, and tee. These types may have various configurations at the joint where actual welding can occur.
595:
Skorupa, M. (August 1992). "Fatigue Life
Prediction of Cruciform Joints Failing at the Weld Toe".
442:
437:
is a specific joint in which four spaces are created by the welding of three plates of metal at
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shape. This weld is made from the resistance butt welding process. It can also be performed by
688:
652:
164:
160:
706:
530:
609:
184:
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according to a particular geometry. There are five types of joints referred to by the
700:
684:
648:
635:
466:
72:
56:
28:
515:
BS 499-2C: "Welding terms and symbols. European arc welding symbols in chart form"
94:
525:
512:
ISO 9692: "Welding and allied processes. Recommendations for joint preparation."
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399:
395:
188:
163:. Usually two flat pieces of poly are welded at 90 degrees to each other, and
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60:
48:
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83:
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40:
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Single-J butt welds are when one piece of the weld is shaped like a
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36:
18:
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or gouging. Each technique has unique advantages to their use.
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16:
Location where metal or plastic workpieces are joined together
610:
ABS Rules For Steel
Vessels Part 5C - Specific Vessel Types
138:
shape from both directions and the other piece is square.
425:
Diagram of a cruciform joint between 3 plates of metal
666:
The James F. Lincoln Arc
Welding Foundation (1978).
509:
AWS A03.0: "Standard welding terms and definitions"
35:is a point or edge where two or more pieces of
674:: The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation.
445:when subjected to continuously varying loads.
8:
199:Workpiece thickness limits per joint type
197:
43:are joined together. They are formed by
542:
482:), machining, chipping, grinding, and
7:
585:James F. Lincoln Foundation, 7-4,7-5
638:: Reinhold Publishing Corporation.
402:(0.1046 in or 2.657 mm)
14:
668:Principles of Industrial Welding
620:James F. Lincoln Foundation, 7-7
333: in (12.70–19.05 mm)
183:material and time. The use of
1:
645:Welding Skills and Technology
252: in (4.76–9.53 mm)
651:: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
480:oxy-fuel welding and cutting
576:James F. Lincoln Foundation
450:American Bureau of Shipping
723:
501:
441:. Cruciform joints suffer
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387: in (19.05 mm)
369: in (19.05 mm)
351: in (19.05 mm)
632:Metallurgical Dictionary
630:Henderson, J.G. (1953).
392:Flange (edge of corner)
306: in (9.53 mm)
288: in (9.53 mm)
270: in (9.53 mm)
225: in (6.35 mm)
53:American Welding Society
484:air carbon-arc cutting
473:Plate edge preparation
426:
99:
24:
679:Funk, Edward (1985).
504:List of welding codes
424:
98:Butt joint geometries
97:
22:
643:Smith, Dave (1984).
537:References and notes
293:Double-V butt joint
275:Single-V butt joint
176:plates of material.
681:Handbook of Welding
257:Double-bevel joint
230:Single-bevel joint
200:
427:
212:Square butt joint
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107:Square butt joints
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25:
689:Breton Publishers
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161:Extrusion Welding
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597:Welding Research
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531:Mechanical joint
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165:extrusion welded
59:, corner, edge,
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433:cruciform joint
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374:Double-U joint
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356:Single-U joint
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338:Double-J joint
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311:Single-J joint
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167:on both sides.
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502:Main article:
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410:All thickness
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185:fusion welding
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71:Main article:
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3:
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685:Massachusetts
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670:. Cleveland,
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658:0-07-000757-8
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467:potable water
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407:Flare groove
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33:welding joint
30:
23:Welding joint
21:
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439:right angles
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396:Sheet metals
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82:, excessive
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73:Butt welding
47:two or more
32:
29:metalworking
26:
526:Fillet weld
204:Joint type
189:arc welding
683:. Boston,
599:: 269–275.
567:Smith, 473
398:less than
207:Thickness
151:Tee-Joints
67:Butt welds
49:workpieces
498:Standards
463:chemicals
417:Cruciform
701:Category
649:New York
636:New York
520:See also
459:seawater
400:12 gauge
142:U-joints
125:J-joints
116:V-joints
84:porosity
707:Welding
469:, etc.
448:In the
443:fatigue
382:⁄
364:⁄
346:⁄
328:⁄
318:⁄
301:⁄
283:⁄
265:⁄
247:⁄
237:⁄
220:⁄
45:welding
41:plastic
655:
359:Up to
278:Up to
215:Up to
171:Others
377:Over
341:Over
296:Over
260:Over
90:Types
37:metal
672:Ohio
653:ISBN
558:Funk
465:and
457:and
80:slag
57:butt
31:, a
455:oil
61:lap
39:or
27:In
703::
687::
647:.
634:.
461:,
429:A
239:16
55::
691:.
661:.
384:4
380:3
366:4
362:3
348:4
344:3
330:4
326:3
323:–
320:2
316:1
303:8
299:3
285:8
281:3
267:8
263:3
249:8
245:3
242:–
235:3
222:4
218:1
157:T
136:J
131:J
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