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and it is said most anciently that the farmers only had to work the government fields 3 days a year; though it is unknown whether this is true, it is also said that the most ancient had houses given away, and 3 days was all that was required. In addition, it was stated the market of the goods would
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While all fields were government- or aristocrat-owned, the private fields were managed exclusively by farmers and the produce was entirely the farmers'. It was only produce from the communal fields, worked on by all eight families, that went to the government for famine distribution or the
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not be taxed; only a small fee for a stall, and travelers weren't taxed. It is later said in other texts that taxes were put on the market goods when a merchant was looking from side to side and people thought he was plotting.
91:; this character represents the theoretical appearance of land division: a square area of land was divided into nine identically sized sections; the eight outer sections (私田;
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and other states soon followed suit, though King Hui of Wei and King Xuan of Qi did think about restoring it after
Mencius talked to them. They ultimately did not.
466:
Bloom, I. (1999), "The evolution of
Confucian tradition in antiquity", in De Bary, William Theodore; Chan, Wing-tsit; Lufrano, Richard John; et al. (eds.),
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system; and the center section (公田; gōngtián) was communally cultivated on behalf of the government, or in some cases, the landowning aristocrat or duke.
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describes examples from the Xia and Shang dynasties, these could be mythological or imagined. The name comes from
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as kinship ties between aristocrats became meaningless. When the system became economically untenable in the
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The brown border between the farms resembles the character for
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method existing between the ninth century BCE (late
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aristocrats and which, in turn, could go to the king as
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system, the well-field system became strained in the
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19:"Jingtian" redirects here. For the actress, see
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