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office in Wales, from bearing arms, and from holding any castle or defending any house; no Welsh child was to be educated or apprenticed to any trade, no
Englishman could be convicted in any suit brought by a Welshman, Welshmen were to be severely penalised when marrying English women, any Englishman marrying a Welsh woman was disenfranchised, and all public assembly was forbidden. These laws sent a message to any of those who were wavering that the English viewed all the Welsh with equal suspicion. Many Welshmen who had tried to further their careers in English service now felt pushed into the rebellion as the middle ground between Owain and Henry disappeared.
1705:'s army was badly defeated and Mortimer was captured. It is reported that the Welsh women following Owain's army, killed the wounded English soldiers and mutilated the bodies of the dead, supposedly in revenge for plundering and rape by the English soldiery the previous year. Glyndŵr offered to release Mortimer for a large ransom, but Henry IV refused to pay. Mortimer could be said to have had a greater claim to the English throne than himself, so his speedy release was not an option. In response, Sir Edmund negotiated an alliance with Owain and married one of Owain's daughters,
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670:– loyal to the new king – then appears to have used his influence to have that decision overturned. Owain Glyndŵr possibly had his appeal rejected. Another story is that de Grey deliberately withheld a Royal Summons for Glyndŵr to join the new king's Scottish campaign of August 1400. Technically, as a tenant-in-chief to the English king, Glyndŵr was obliged to provide troops, as he had done in the past. By not responding to the hidden summons he seems, perhaps unwittingly, to have incurred Henry's wrath.
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1791:. On 10 July 1403, Hotspur declared against the king by challenging his cousin Henry's right to the throne and by raising his standard in revolt in Cheshire at Chester, a bastion of support for King Richard II. Henry of Monmouth, then only 16, turned to the north to meet Hotspur. On 21 July, Henry arrived in Shrewsbury just before Hotspur, forcing the rebel army to camp outside the town. Henry forced the
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582:, and systematically built up his power in nearby Wales. Wales was ruled through a patchwork of semi-autonomous feudal states, bishoprics, shires, and territory under direct royal rule. Richard eliminated his rivals and took their land or gave it to his favourites. As he did so, he raised an entire class of Welsh people to fill the new posts created in his new
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2202:, but nothing was to come of it. In 1416 Maredudd was himself offered a Pardon but refused. Perhaps his father Owain was still alive and he was unwilling to accept it while he lived. He finally accepted a Royal Pardon on 8 April 1421, suggesting that Owain Glyndŵr was finally dead. There is some evidence to suggest, in the poetry of the Welsh
1526:
2348:, could not intermarry with the English and were prevented from holding any office of the crown. Furthermore, in legal practice, a statement by a Welshman could not be used as evidence to implicate an Englishman in court. However, there were several occasions where Welshmen were granted the legal status of Englishmen, such as
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in 1403 and 1404 made his peace and accepted a fine. Somehow he avoided paying a penny. For many years after his surrender and despite official proscriptions, he sheltered rebels on the run, levied fines on 200 individuals that had not supported him, rode around the county with his retinue, and even
1664:
The core
Lancastrian supporters would have none of this. They struck back with anti-Welsh legislation, the Penal Laws against Wales 1402 which were designed to establish English dominance in Wales. The laws included prohibiting any Welshman from buying land in England, from holding any senior public
1649:
and were increasingly worried about the news from North Wales. Hotspur complained that he was not receiving sufficient support from the king and that the repressive policy of Henry was only encouraging revolt. He argued that negotiation and compromise could persuade Owain to end his revolt. In fact,
1631:
house was known to be sympathetic towards Owain, and Henry intended to remind them of their loyalties and prevent the revolt from spreading any further south. After much harassment by Owain's forces he reached the abbey. Henry was in no mood to be merciful. His army partially destroyed the abbey and
528:
Early in 1406, Owain's forces suffered defeats at
Grosmont and Usk, in the south east of Wales. Despite the initial successes of the rebellion from 1400–1406, the Welsh were severely outnumbered and the Welsh populace increasingly exhausted by an English blockade combined with pillaging and violence
1591:
with 120 men-at-arms and 300 archers, he knew it would take a great deal more to get inside so formidable a fortress and was forced to negotiate. A compromise was reached which would have resulted in pardons issued, but on 20 April, the king overruled Percy's local decision. It was not until Gwilym
1799:
had also managed to reach
Shrewsbury. Thus, on 22 July, Henry was able to fight before the full strength of the rebels was present and on ground of his own choosing. The battle lasted all day, Prince Henry was badly wounded in the face by an arrow but continued to fight alongside his men. When the
2252:
Welsh, had not been affected in some way. The cost in loss of life, loss of livelihood, and physical destruction was enormous. Wales, already a poor country on the border of
England, was further impoverished by pillage, economic blockade and communal fines. Reports by travellers speak of ruined
2056:
At the same time, the
English were adopting a different strategy. Rather than focusing on punitive expeditions favoured by his father, the young Henry of Monmouth adopted a strategy of economic blockade. Using the castles that remained in English control he gradually began to retake Wales while
516:
following a dispute with a neighbouring
English lord. In 1404, after a series of successful castle sieges and battlefield victories, Owain was crowned prince of Wales in the presence of Scottish, French, Spanish and Breton envoys. He summoned a national parliament, where he announced plans to
1911:
were funneling funds to support the rebellion. Furthermore, the Percy rebellion was still viable; even after the defeat of the Percy
Archbishop Scrope in May. In fact the Percy rebellion was not to end until 1408 when the Sheriff of Yorkshire defeated Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland at
1632:
executed a monk suspected of bearing arms against him. However, he failed to engage Owain's forces in any large numbers. Owain's forces harassed him and engaged in hit-and-run tactics on his supply chain, but refused to fight in the open. Henry's army was forced to retreat. They arrived at
1490:
were both military leaders of a contingent of soldiers raised in 1396 to protect North Wales against any invasion by the French. They joined the king in his military expedition to
Ireland in 1398. When Glyndŵr announced his revolt, Rhys, Gwilym and their third brother,
2052:
as he ministered to the dying and wounded on both sides. More serious for the rebellion, English forces landed in
Anglesey from Ireland. Over the next year they would gradually push the Welsh back until the resistance in Anglesey formally ended toward the end of 1406.
1644:
on 2 November 1401. The English saw that if the revolt prospered it would inevitably attract disaffected supporters of the deposed King Richard, rumours of whose survival were widely circulating. They were concerned about the potential for disaffection in
577:
had launched a bold plan to consolidate his hold on his kingdom and break the power of the magnates who constantly threatened his authority. As part of this plan, Richard began to shift his power base from the southeast and London towards the county of
665:
landowners in Wales. Glyndŵr had been engaged in a long-running land dispute with them. He seems to have appealed to Parliament (though which one is not clear) to resolve the issue, with the courts under King Richard finding in his favour.
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appeared before the Chief Justitiar of the county and agreed to pay a communal fine for their adherence to Glyndŵr. Gradually the same pattern was repeated throughout the country. In July the Earl of Arundel's north-east Lordship around
644:
For some time, supporters of the deposed king remained at large. On 10 January 1400 serious civil disorder broke out in Chester in support of the Epiphany Rising. An atmosphere of disorder was building along the Anglo-Welsh border.
1514:. This was the historical burial place of the Tudor family. Rhys ap Tudur led an ambush of the king's forces at a place called Rhos Fawr ('the Great Moor'). After they were engaged, the Englishmen fled back to the safety of
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1611:('little England beyond Wales'), charged down on them. Owain rallied his much smaller army and fought back, reportedly killing 200. The situation was sufficiently serious for the king to assemble another
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and Welsh commerce had almost ground to a halt. Land that had previously been productive was now empty wasteland with no tenants to work the land. As late as 1492, a Royal Official in lowland
1587:'s Chronicon, "feigned to come for his accustomed work". Once inside, the Welsh carpenter attacked the two guards and threw open the gate to allow entry to the rebels. When Percy arrived from
391:
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Most of the country agreed to pay all the usual taxes, but the Tudurs knew that they needed a bargaining chip if they were to lift the dire threat hanging over them. They decided to capture
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died in the final battle and Owain's wife Margaret along with two of his daughters (including Catrin) and three of his Mortimer granddaughters were taken prisoner and incarcerated in the
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586:. For these people, the final years of the reign of Richard II were full of opportunities. To the English magnates, it was a further sign that Richard was dangerously out of control.
2186:
began to adopt a more conciliatory attitude to the Welsh. Royal Pardons were offered to the major leaders of the revolt and other opponents of his father's regime. In a symbolic and
2128:, one of Owain's most faithful commanders, was captured and taken to London for execution. A chronicle of the time states that Rhys Ddu was: "…laid on a hurdle and so drawn forth to
641:. With Richard removed, the opportunities for advancement for Welsh people became more limited. Many Welsh people seem to have been uncertain where this left them and their future.
297:
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1903:
had ceased active resistance and were making their own treaties with the rebels. It was rumoured that old allies of Richard II were sending money and arms to the Welsh and the
1592:
ap Tudur began to write directly to the king that an agreement was reached on 24 June. However, this was on the condition that nine of the defenders be turned over to justice.
2175:, was communicating with Owain and reinforcements were sent to the major castles in the north and south. Outlaws and bandits left over from the rebellion were still active in
1935:
with the French. The result was a formal treaty that promised French aid to Owain and the Welsh. Joint Welsh and Franco-Breton forces had already attacked and laid siege to
1955:
In 1406, he announced his national programme. He declared his vision of an independent Welsh state with a parliament and separate Welsh church. There would be two national
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and established a new destiny for them. Others eventually surrendered and made peace with the new order. Henry Dwn who, with the French and Bretons, had laid siege to
2276:
Many prominent families were ruined. In 1411, John Hanmer pleaded poverty as the reason he could not pay the fines imposed on him. The Tudors no longer lorded it over
1800:
cry went out that Hotspur had fallen, the rebels' resistance began to falter and crumble. By the end of the day, Hotspur was dead and his rebellion was over. Over 300
4004:
5468:
2293:. Others could not fit into the new order. An unknown number of Owain's supporters went into exile. Henry Gwyn ("White Henry") — heir to the substantial Lordship of
1431:. This was a revolutionary statement in itself. Owain's men quickly spread through north-east Wales. On 18 September, the town of Ruthin and De Grey's stronghold of
2105:
384:
2198:. In 1415 Henry V offered a Pardon to Owain, as he prepared for war with France. There is evidence that the new King Henry V was in negotiations with Owain's son,
1556:– to bring the country to order. An amnesty was issued in March which applied to all rebels with the exception of Owain and his cousins, Rhys and Gwilym ap Tudur.
544:
in February 1409, effectively ending Owain's territorial rule, although Owain himself was never captured or killed. He ignored two offers of a pardon from the new
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Owain remained free but now he was a hunted guerilla leader. The revolt continued to splutter on. In 1410, Owain readied his supporters for a last raid deep into
2014:. The exact date and order of these battles is subject to dispute. However, they may have resulted in the death of Rhys Gethin at Grosmont and Owain's brother,
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On 16 September 1400, Owain acted, and was proclaimed Prince of Wales by a small band of followers who included his eldest son, his brothers-in-law, and the
1337:
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2163:. These were the last flashes of the revolt. This was the last time that Owain was seen alive by his enemies. As late as 1414, there were rumours that the
1536:
In 1401, the revolt began to spread. Much of northern and central Wales went over to Owain. Multiple attacks were recorded on English towns, castles, and
1502:
ready to invade Wales. In a lightning campaign, Henry led his army around North Wales. He was harassed constantly by bad weather and the attacks of Welsh
3715:
3322:
377:
501:. During the rebellion's height between 1403 and 1406, Owain exercised control over the majority of Wales after capturing several of the most powerful
1837:. Senior churchmen and important members of society flowed to his banner. English resistance was reduced to a few isolated castles, walled towns, and
2132:
through the City and was there hanged and let down again. His head was smitten off and his body quartered and sent to four towns and his head set on
2074:
was under siege. During the siege, cannons were used by the English in one of the first recorded instances of artillery fire in Britain, That autumn
1772:
were leaving their studies for Owain and Welsh labourers and craftsmen were abandoning their employers in England and returning to Wales in droves.
633:
were asked for the first time in their life to decide their loyalties. The Welsh had generally supported King Richard, who had succeeded his father,
2280:
and northwest Wales as they had done throughout the late 14th century. The family seemed finished until the third Tudor brother, Maredudd, went to
2124:
raid. Whatever was intended, the raid went terribly wrong and many of the leading figures still at large were captured. Rhys Ddu ("Black Rhys") of
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By 1415, full English rule was returned to Wales. The leading rebels were dead, imprisoned, or impoverished through massive fines. Scarcely a
1583:, 1 April, all but five of the garrison were in the little church in the town when a carpenter appeared at the castle gate, who, according to
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1689:. He held him for a year until he received a substantial ransom from King Henry. In June 1402, Owain's forces encountered an army led by Sir
1650:
as early as 1401, Hotspur may have been in secret negotiations with Owain and other leaders of the revolt to try to negotiate a settlement.
31:
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2231:'s Day in Harvest (21 September), and thereafter his hiding place was unknown. Very many said that he died; the seers maintain he did not.
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cutting off trade and the supply of weapons. By 1407 this strategy was beginning to bear fruit. In March, 1,000 men from all over
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1967:. By this time, most French forces had withdrawn after politics shifted in Paris toward the peace party. Even Owain's so-called "
2375:
The revolt was the last major manifestation of a Welsh independence movement before the annexation of Wales into England by the
2002:. Although it is very difficult to understand what happened at these two battles, it appears that Henry of Monmouth or possibly
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1603:. Owain and his army of a few hundred were camped at the bottom of the Hyddgen Valley when about fifteen hundred English and
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was still citing the devastation caused by the revolt as the reason he was unable to deliver promised revenues to the King.
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and after six years died in prison. King Henry also showed that the English were engaged in more and more ruthless tactics.
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2379:. The Acts were passed during the reign of King Henry VIII of England, of the Tudor dynasty, and came into effect in 1543.
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1720:, besieged by Glyndŵr in 1403, showing (from left to right) the Black Tower, the Chamberlain's Tower, and the Eagle Tower.
1706:
509:. The revolt was the last major manifestation of Welsh independence before the annexation of Wales into England in 1543.
1740:, one of the main English power-bases in the west, fell and was occupied by Owain. Owain then turned around and attacked
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A series of penal laws were put in place, intended to prevent any further uprisings. These remained until the reign of
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1863:. The Indenture agreed to divide England and Wales between the three of them. Wales would extend as far as the rivers
1823:
as his chancellor. Soon afterwards he was said by Adam of Usk to have called his first Parliament (or more properly a
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for example, that a few diehards continued to fight on even after 1421 under the leadership of Owain's son-in-law
1990:
There were other signs the revolt was encountering problems. Early in the year Owain's forces suffered defeats at
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The uprising began in 1400, when Owain Glyndŵr, a descendant of several Welsh royal dynasties, claimed the title
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1498:
King Henry IV, on his way back from invading Scotland, turned his army towards Wales. By 26 September he was in
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613:, supposedly to discuss the restitution of Henry's lands. Richard was imprisoned at the English border city of
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35:
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of English nobles in January 1400, but his death was not generally known for some time. In Wales, people like
597:, returned to reclaim his lands. Henry raised an army and marched to meet the king. Richard hurried back from
2289:
plotted the murder of the King's justice. Nevertheless, his grandson fought alongside Henry V in 1415 at the
2038:, King Henry had three hundred prisoners beheaded in front of Usk Castle. John ap Hywel, Abbot of the nearby
1579:, it was well stocked and easily reinforced from the sea; and in any case, the Tudurs only had forty men. On
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was another permanent exile. By 1415 he was in Paris. He was to live another 20 years being first Bishop of
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In 1403 the revolt became truly national in Wales. Owain struck out to the west and the south. Recreating
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and was part-Welsh. Until then, the Welsh were prevented from holding property or land within the Welsh
1838:
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521:, establish an independent Welsh church, and build two universities. Owain also formed an alliance with
435:
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1518:. By 15 October, Henry was back in Shrewsbury, where he released some prisoners, and two days later at
401:
223:
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The date of his death remains uncertain but the tentative consensus is that he may have died in 1415.
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1506:. When he arrived on Anglesey, he harried the island, burning villages and monasteries including the
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and Welsh resistance continued in small pockets of the country for several more years utilising
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Things were improving on the international front too. Although negotiations with the Lords of
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1916:. Owain was capitalising on the political situation to make the best deal he possibly could.
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K. T. President, accompanying Transcripts of three Letters illustrative of English History
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on 28 October 1401 with little to claim for their efforts. The year came to end with the
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2082:. Last minute desperate envoys were sent to the French for help. There was no response.
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submitted. One by one the Lordships began to surrender. By midsummer, Owain's castle at
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was badly damaged by Owain's raid. By 23 September Owain was moving south, attacking
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969:
2222:(Panton MS. 22) finish in the year 1422. The last entry regarding the prince reads:
2120:. Many of his most loyal commanders were present. It may have been a last desperate
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were a prominent Anglesey family who were closely associated with King Richard II.
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In the summer of 1404, Owain captured and garrisoned the great western castles of
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was attacked and the walled town burned. Owain pushed on down the valley of the
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1452:
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2719:
2372:, in secret. Henry VI saw to his release and inclusion in the Royal Household.
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1876:
1783:(son of Henry IV and the future Henry V) attacked and burned Owain's homes at
1737:
1729:
1628:
1615:. This time he attacked in October through central Wales. From Shrewsbury and
1499:
1495:, openly swore allegiance; they were Glyndŵr's cousin on their mother's side.
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860:
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1964:
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reports began to come in of banditry and lawlessness. King Henry appointed
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Owain also scored his first major victory in the field in May or June, at
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But by then things were changing. King Henry IV died in 1413 and his son
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552:. Owain disappeared in 1415, when he was recorded to have died. His son,
533:
2953:"BBC Wales – History – Themes – Chapter 10: The revolt of Owain Glyndwr"
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to attempt to coordinate action but nothing was to come of that either.
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before being taken to London. Parliament quickly made Henry Bolingbroke
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1984:
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in November 1403. The Welsh could also count on semi-official aid from
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In the north of Wales, Owain's supporters launched a further attack on
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1815:. Anxious to demonstrate his seriousness as a ruler, he held court at
525:, and in 1405 a French army landed in Wales to support the rebellion.
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1779:(this time with French support) and almost captured it. In response,
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3110:. Little Logaston, Woonton Almeley, Herefordshire : Logaston Press.
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Lords of March would take all of southern and western England and
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In the same year, 1402, Owain captured his arch enemy, Reynald or
1672:
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1564:
1524:
476:
84:
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Anti-English sentiment, and discrimination towards the Welsh
4070:
1943:(which was a French vassal at the time) and the then independent
1923:
were unsuccessful, Owain had reasons to hope that the French and
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1980:
1891:, would take the north of England. Local English communities in
1859:" in February 1405 with Edmund Mortimer and Henry Percy the 1st
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Owain Glyn Dŵr and the War of Independence in the Welsh Borders
373:
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262:
2035:
2019:
1995:
1931:
and his brother-in-law, John Hanmer, to France to negotiate a
1757:
681:
2726:
Esq. F.R.S. Secretary, addressed to the Right Honourable the
2148:(no doubt to discourage any further thoughts of rebellion).
1736:
and castles fell or their inhabitants surrendered. Finally,
30:"Welsh Revolt" redirects here. For other Welsh revolts, see
1927:
might be more welcoming. In May 1404, Owain had dispatched
3178:
The Last Mab Darogan: The Life and Times of Owain Glyn Dŵr
1959:(one in the south and one in the north) and return to the
601:
to Wales to deal with Bolingbroke, but he was arrested by
2970:
Owen Glyndwr and the Last Struggle for Welsh Independence
2265:. Grass grew in the market squares of many towns such as
1640:, an inconclusive battle fought during Owain's siege of
1455:
followed quickly afterward. On 22 September the town of
2767:
2765:
2336:; also known as Henry Tudor, he was descended from the
2151:
In 1412, Owain captured, and later ransomed, a leading
1389:
Castle sacked or occupied by Welsh forces (dates held)
2830:
2828:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2297:— left Wales forever and was to die in the service of
2022:
and the capture of Gruffudd. Gruffudd was sent to the
1855:
Owain demonstrated his new status by negotiating the "
1804:
had died and up to 20,000 men were killed or injured.
1768:. Royal officials reported that Welsh students at the
657:'s English neighbour. Successive holders of the title
2701:
2699:
2697:
2930:. Abergavenny, Monmouthshire : Blorenge Books.
536:
and large parts of south Wales. In 1408 they seized
5815:
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5597:
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5469:
Independent Nation: Should Wales Leave the UK?
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3197:"OWAIN GLYNDWR (c. 1354 - 1416), 'Prince of Wales'"
3084:
2006:defeated substantial Welsh raiding parties led by
1732:. Village after village rose to join him. English
1685:in an ambush in late January or early February at
2102:. They were all to die in the Tower before 1415.
1979:to shift the allegiance of the Welsh Church from
3083:Griffiths, Ralph Alan; Thomas, Roger S. (1985).
2140:were also beheaded and their heads displayed at
1728:'s campaign in the west, Owain marched down the
653:The revolt reportedly began as an argument with
3058:1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History
2882:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2604:
2577:
2565:
2527:
1845:Tripartite Indenture and the Year of the French
1375:Castle unsuccessfully besieged by Welsh forces
45:
27:Welsh uprising against English rule, 1400–1415
4997:
4086:
3316:
3283:When was Wales? : a history of the Welsh
2451:
2449:
2447:
1987:, produced no effect. The moment had passed.
1470:About the same time, the Tudur brothers from
1350:(1400–1415). Click on the icons for details.
649:The dispute between Owain Glyndŵr and de Grey
385:
298:
8:
3008:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
2112:did not continue to support Glyndŵr's revolt
1824:
1540:throughout the north. Even in the south in
505:in the country, and formed a parliament at
5004:
4990:
4982:
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4555:
4551:
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4330:
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3228:Renewal and Reformation: Wales c.1415-1642
2664:
392:
378:
370:
305:
291:
283:
51:
42:
5612:Opposition to Prince of Wales investiture
3236:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192852779.001.0001
2010:("Swarthy Rhys") and Owain's eldest son,
3125:Jones, Gareth Elwyn; Smith, Dai (1999).
3050:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2906:
2819:
2783:
2426:
2078:surrendered. In 1409 it was the turn of
573:In the last decade of the 14th century,
560:in 1421, formally ending the rebellion.
5607:Opposition to the Prince of Wales title
2550:
2419:
2388:
2360:. However, the Tudor brothers' father,
1683:Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn
1529:Memorial to the slain of the Battle of
1382:Castle possibly sacked by Welsh forces
668:Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn
603:Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland
199:
3259:. Cardiff : University of Wales.
2894:
2795:
2705:
2652:
2438:
5192:Welsh rebellions against English rule
3150:. London: J. Murray. pp. 12–13.
2834:
2807:
2771:
2688:
2676:
2640:
2628:
2616:
2589:
2515:
2491:
2467:
1819:and appointed the deft and brilliant
1522:with little to show for his efforts.
32:Welsh rebellions against English rule
7:
5587:1986 Cardiff Temple of Peace bombing
5444:Welsh Football Fans for Independence
5166:Welsh Football Fans for Independence
2503:
2479:
1368:Castle garrisoned by English forces
57:'Owain Glyndŵr' by A.C.Michael, 1918
5399:Welsh Socialist Republican Movement
5039:Republicanism in the United Kingdom
3768:Council for Wales and Monmouthshire
2980:The Rise and Fall of Owain Glyn Dŵr
2364:was arrested as he had married the
2240:The aftermath of rebellion in Wales
2159:("Crooked David"), in an ambush in
1889:Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester
532:By 1407 the English had recaptured
421:Second War of Scottish Independence
5617:Opposition to the 1996 investiture
5219:Covenant Society of the Free Welsh
1619:, Henry IV's forces drove through
1571:garrison amounted to just fifteen
1552:– the warrior son of the powerful
517:reintroduce the traditional Welsh
25:
5029:Nationalism in the United Kingdom
2344:, were forbidden from serving on
2227:1415 – Owain went into hiding on
5841:
5840:
5667:Dorothy Edwards (Welsh novelist)
4965:
4207:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542
4052:
4040:
3748:Council of Wales and the Marches
3472:
3091:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
1829:or "gathering") of all Wales at
1417:Possible route of 1405 campaign
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
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1363:
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189:
172:
155:
146:
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109:
5787:Alice Matilda Langland Williams
5449:Labour for an Independent Wales
5141:Labour for an Independent Wales
3087:The Making of the Tudor Dynasty
3047:Wales and the Wars of the Roses
3026:Owain Glyndwr - Prince of Wales
2455:
2301:facing his old comrades at the
621:and then King. Richard died in
5308:Commission on Justice in Wales
1971:Letter", in which he promised
1410:Franco-Welsh campaign of 1405
1:
5303:Proposed Welsh justice system
4843:Non-Christian belief systems
3202:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
3195:Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959).
2398:is also the word used in the
2190:gesture, the body of deposed
489:was a Welsh rebellion led by
70:
3997:History of Cardiff City F.C.
3006:The Revolt of Owain Glyn Dŵr
2377:Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542
2248:or family in Wales, English
1660:Penal laws against the Welsh
461:Armagnac–Burgundian conflict
426:War of the Breton Succession
5503:Treachery of the Blue Books
5315:Proposed full fiscal powers
5298:Proposed further devolution
3219:Owain Glyndwr and his Times
3165:Lloyd, John Edward (1931).
2883:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
2871:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
2859:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
2847:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
2605:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
2578:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
2566:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
2528:Griffiths & Thomas 1985
2404:National Assembly for Wales
2155:supporter of King Henry's,
625:, shortly after the failed
5933:
5823:Opposition to independence
5672:Henry William John Edwards
5429:All Under One Banner Cymru
4939:Prince of Wales's feathers
3759:United Kingdom (1801–1922)
3434:Settlement in the Americas
3285:. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
3281:Williams, Gwyn A. (1985).
3253:Williams, Glanmor (2005).
3226:Williams, Glanmor (1993).
3221:. Dartford: Perry and Son.
3171:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2927:In search of Owain Glyndŵr
1977:Avignon Pope Benedict XIII
1848:
1657:
605:as he was on his way from
29:
5897:Medieval history of Wales
5836:
5535:National symbols of Wales
5394:Welsh Republican Movement
5023:
4961:
4554:
4483:
4229:
4109:
4034:
3620:Titles of the Welsh Court
3470:
3207:National Library of Wales
3106:Hodges, Geoffrey (1995).
3061:. New York. p. 212.
3055:Grant, R.G., ed. (2011).
3044:Evans, Howell T. (1915).
2748:10.1017/s0261340900018646
2402:for the 1999-established
2200:Maredudd ab Owain Glyndŵr
2012:Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr
1478:against the English. The
674:The Welsh revolt, 1400–15
556:, accepted a pardon from
411:
324:
195:Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr
140:
103:
61:
50:
4513:Housing and construction
3754:Kingdom of Great Britain
2136:." Philip Scudamore and
2048:, was killed during the
635:Edward, the Black Prince
36:List of Anglo-Welsh wars
5917:Battles involving Wales
5882:15th-century rebellions
5877:14th-century rebellions
5636:Plaid Cymru politicians
4897:1904–1905 Welsh revival
4892:Welsh Methodist revival
4026:Early modern Witchcraft
3914:1904–1905 Welsh revival
3600:List of rulers in Wales
3176:Parry, Charles (2010).
2978:Brough, Gideon (2017).
2356:, the half brothers of
2219:Annals of Owain Glyndwr
1951:The rebellion flounders
1403:Welsh campaign of 1403
1396:Welsh campaign of 1400
609:to meet Bolingbroke at
5577:Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru
5513:Welsh Language Society
5214:History of Plaid Cymru
5151:Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru
5105:Anti-British sentiment
3702:contemporary Welsh law
3215:Tout, Thomas Frederick
3023:Davies, R. R. (2009).
2967:Bradley, A.G. (1901).
2924:Barber, Chris (2004).
2665:Jones & Smith 1999
2113:
1861:Earl of Northumberland
1839:fortified manor houses
1825:
1797:Earl of Northumberland
1756:to the coast, burning
1721:
1678:
1554:Earl of Northumberland
1533:
661:of Dyffryn Clwyd were
569:The fall of Richard II
482:
316:Owain Glyndŵr's Revolt
141:Commanders and leaders
5887:15th century in Wales
5657:Rhiannon Davies Jones
5582:1969 Abergele bombing
5187:English rule in Wales
4902:Welsh Church Act 1914
4669:British Sign Language
3732:Principality of Wales
3716:History of the courts
3449:Industrial revolution
3230:. Oxford: Clarendon.
3146:Latimer, Jon (2001).
3131:. Gomer. p. 72.
2718:Ellis, Henry (1832).
2108:
1833:where he was crowned
1715:
1676:
1550:Henry "Hotspur" Percy
1528:
575:Richard II of England
480:
436:War of the Two Peters
115:Principality of Wales
5867:Wars involving Wales
5807:T. Marchant Williams
5707:John Barnard Jenkins
5523:Renames in Snowdonia
5518:Welsh standard names
4458:British Armed Forces
4298:Wales–England border
3875:Historical documents
2334:Henry VII of England
2299:Charles VI of France
2259:Strata Florida Abbey
2110:Charles VI of France
2032:Battle of Pwll Melyn
2030:says that after the
2000:Battle of Pwll Melyn
1973:Charles VI of France
1857:Tripartite Indenture
1851:Tripartite Indenture
1770:University of Oxford
1625:Strata Florida Abbey
1338:class=notpageimage|
659:Baron Grey de Ruthyn
589:In 1399, the exiled
523:Charles VI of France
481:Glyndŵr's great seal
5902:Henry IV of England
5828:British nationalism
5782:Arthur Owen Vaughan
5677:Hywel Teifi Edwards
5434:Proposed referendum
5126:Cymdeithas yr Iaith
5073:proposed referendum
4617:Scheduled monuments
4593:Literature in Welsh
4493:Banking and finance
4271:Mountains and hills
4197:Statute of Rhuddlan
3670:Constitutional laws
3580:King of the Britons
3439:Early modern period
3180:. Novasys Limited.
3128:The People of Wales
2973:. New York: Putnam.
2370:Catherine of Valois
2358:Henry VI of England
2338:Tudors of Penmynydd
2303:Battle of Agincourt
2291:Battle of Agincourt
2257:and Abbeys such as
1693:, the uncle of the
1613:punitive expedition
1563:'s great castle at
1480:Tudors of Penmynydd
529:by English armies.
446:Despenser's Crusade
431:Castilian Civil War
161:Sir Edmund Mortimer
5712:Julian Lewis Jones
5682:Evan Vincent Evans
5487:The Bards of Wales
5034:Celtic nationalism
4784:Healthcare service
4405:Secretary of State
4187:Edwardian conquest
4177:Medieval Welsh law
4162:Kingdom of Gwynedd
4003: •
3989: •
3975: •
3959:Geological history
3926: •
3867: •
3863: •
3803: •
3778: •
3774: •
3770: •
3742:Kingdom of England
3708: •
3704: •
3700: •
3696: •
3655:Medieval Welsh law
3622: •
3556: •
3537: •
3424:Edwardian conquest
3406: •
3402: •
3396:In the Middle Ages
2728:Earl of Aberdeen,
2114:
2076:Aberystwyth Castle
1871:including most of
1750:Abergavenny Castle
1726:Llywelyn the Great
1722:
1701:in central Wales.
1679:
1669:The revolt spreads
1534:
595:Duchy of Lancaster
538:Aberystwyth Castle
495:Kingdom of England
483:
403:Hundred Years' War
135:Kingdom of England
5872:Glyndŵr rebellion
5854:
5853:
5642:Julian Cayo-Evans
5459:Wales Green Party
5226:Tryweryn flooding
5202:Glyndŵr rebellion
5058:National identity
5013:Welsh nationalism
4979:
4978:
4957:
4956:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4541:
4540:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4395:Political parties
4311:
4310:
4202:Glyndŵr rebellion
4157:Early Middle Ages
4068:
4067:
3910:Christian history
3889:historic counties
3690:England and Wales
3605:Rulers of Gwynedd
3483:Medieval kingdoms
3429:Glyndŵr rebellion
3266:978-0-7083-1941-3
3245:978-0-19-167055-8
3187:978-0-9565553-0-4
3157:978-0-7195-5605-0
3138:978-1-85902-743-1
3117:978-1-873827-24-6
3098:978-0-31250-745-9
3036:978-1-84771-763-4
3015:978-0-19-285336-3
2937:978-1-872730-33-2
2255:Montgomery Castle
2253:castles, such as
2196:Westminster Abbey
2016:Tudur ap Gruffudd
1781:Henry of Monmouth
1777:Caernarfon Castle
1718:Caernarfon Castle
1677:Banner of Glyndwr
1642:Caernarfon Castle
1638:Battle of Tuthill
1493:Maredudd ap Tudur
1361:Important battle
1346:Wales during the
623:Pontefract Castle
591:Henry Bolingbroke
554:Maredudd ab Owain
550:guerrilla tactics
519:laws of Hywel Dda
487:Glyndŵr rebellion
474:
473:
466:Lancastrian phase
456:Glyndŵr rebellion
367:
366:
281:
280:
211:Tudur ap Gruffudd
124:Kingdom of France
99:
98:
46:Glyndŵr rebellion
16:(Redirected from
5924:
5892:History of Wales
5844:
5843:
5802:Rhydwen Williams
5792:Gwyn A. Williams
5737:Laura McAllister
5717:Michael D. Jones
5647:Charlotte Church
5236:Cofiwch Dryweryn
5006:
4999:
4992:
4983:
4972:Wales portal
4970:
4969:
4968:
4642:
4556:
4552:
4481:
4448:Modern Welsh law
4363:Local government
4331:
4322:
4227:
4192:Late Middle Ages
4167:Kingdom of Powys
4152:Anglo-Welsh Wars
4095:
4088:
4081:
4072:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4011:British military
3991:with other teams
3938:history-specific
3928:woollen industry
3920:Economic history
3885:Local government
3857:Welsh literature
3698:former march law
3629:British monarchs
3624:English monarchs
3476:
3386:Anglo-Welsh wars
3381:In the Roman era
3332:History of Wales
3325:
3318:
3311:
3302:
3296:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3249:
3222:
3210:
3191:
3172:
3161:
3148:Deception in War
3142:
3121:
3102:
3090:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3051:
3040:
3019:
2997:
2974:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2554:
2548:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2407:
2393:
2194:was interred in
1828:
1516:Beaumaris Castle
1429:Dean of St Asaph
1416:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1345:
1344:
1297:
1281:
1265:
1249:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
963:
949:
940:
931:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
877:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
737:
728:
714:
700:
691:
684:
683:
499:Late Middle Ages
451:1383–1385 Crisis
406:
404:
394:
387:
380:
371:
319:
317:
307:
300:
293:
284:
274:
265:
256:
246:
236:
228:Jean II de Rieux
226:
219:
209:
201:
193:
186:
176:
169:
159:
150:
133:
122:
113:
75:
72:
63:
62:
55:
43:
21:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5832:
5811:
5623:
5593:
5565:Meibion Glyndŵr
5560:Free Wales Army
5546:
5473:
5439:Opinion polling
5415:
5404:Clear red water
5321:
5259:
5255:Epynt clearance
5175:
5146:Meibion Glyndŵr
5131:Free Wales Army
5109:
5100:Other movements
5044:
5043:
5019:
5010:
4980:
4975:
4966:
4964:
4953:
4908:
4837:Presbyterianism
4795:
4765:
4697:Welsh Americans
4673:
4631:
4537:
4523:Slate quarrying
4462:
4438:Counsel General
4424:
4307:
4276:Protected areas
4216:
4182:Norman invasion
4118:
4105:
4099:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4041:
4039:
4030:
3987:team since 2004
3964:Genetic history
3840:
3785:
3720:
3710:Wales-only acts
3706:Wales-only laws
3643:
3610:Rulers of Powys
3595:Prince of Wales
3568:
3477:
3468:
3414:Norman invasion
3334:
3329:
3299:
3293:
3280:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3252:
3246:
3225:
3213:
3194:
3188:
3175:
3164:
3158:
3145:
3139:
3124:
3118:
3105:
3099:
3082:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3054:
3043:
3037:
3022:
3016:
3000:
2994:
2977:
2966:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2763:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2704:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2576:
2572:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2286:Kidwelly Castle
2242:
2192:King Richard II
2100:Tower of London
2096:Edmund Mortimer
2024:Tower of London
2004:Sir John Talbot
1961:traditional law
1953:
1937:Kidwelly Castle
1901:Montgomeryshire
1853:
1847:
1835:Prince of Wales
1691:Edmund Mortimer
1671:
1662:
1656:
1654:Anti-Welsh laws
1617:Hereford Castle
1567:. Although the
1512:Bangor, Gwynedd
1508:Llanfaes Friary
1484:Gwilym ap Tudur
1435:were attacked.
1425:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
983:
982:
974:
973:
965:
964:
956:
955:
954:
950:
942:
941:
933:
932:
924:
923:
915:
914:
906:
905:
897:
896:
888:
887:
879:
878:
870:
869:
868:
864:
856:
855:
847:
846:
838:
837:
829:
828:
820:
819:
811:
810:
802:
801:
793:
792:
784:
783:
775:
774:
766:
765:
757:
756:
748:
747:
739:
738:
730:
729:
721:
720:
719:
715:
707:
706:
705:
701:
693:
692:
676:
651:
639:Prince of Wales
627:Epiphany Rising
571:
566:
514:prince of Wales
503:English castles
475:
470:
416:Edwardian phase
407:
402:
400:
398:
368:
363:
320:
315:
313:
311:
269:
260:
251:
241:
221:
215:
204:
188:
182:
171:
165:
154:
117:
95:English victory
87:
73:
56:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5930:
5928:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5912:1410s in Wales
5909:
5907:1400s in Wales
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5859:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5742:J. E. Meredith
5739:
5734:
5729:
5727:Saunders Lewis
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5652:Dennis Coslett
5649:
5644:
5639:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5562:
5556:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5532:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5497:Welsh language
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5425:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5332:In parliament
5329:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5295:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5269:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5211:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4518:Power stations
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4360:
4355:
4353:First Minister
4350:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4328:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4281:National parks
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4114:List of topics
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104: articles
4100:
4098:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4049:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4013:
4008:
3994:
3980:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3944:Health service
3941:
3931:
3917:
3907:
3905:Jewish history
3902:
3892:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3854:
3852:Welsh language
3848:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3764:United Kingdom
3761:
3756:
3751:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3626:
3617:
3615:Fifteen Tribes
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3547:
3542:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3454:Modern history
3451:
3446:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3411:
3393:
3383:
3378:
3371:Roman conquest
3368:
3358:
3353:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3298:
3297:
3292:978-0140225891
3291:
3278:
3265:
3250:
3244:
3223:
3211:
3192:
3186:
3173:
3168:Owen Glendower
3162:
3156:
3143:
3137:
3122:
3116:
3103:
3097:
3080:
3067:
3052:
3041:
3035:
3020:
3014:
2998:
2992:
2975:
2964:
2949:
2936:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:, p. 122.
2899:
2897:, p. 324.
2887:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2839:
2824:
2812:
2810:, p. 154.
2800:
2798:, p. 293.
2788:
2776:
2774:, p. 183.
2761:
2710:
2693:
2691:, p. 115.
2681:
2679:, p. 360.
2669:
2657:
2645:
2643:, p. 137.
2633:
2631:, p. 109.
2621:
2619:, p. 212.
2609:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2555:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2443:
2431:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2400:Welsh language
2387:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2319:titular bishop
2307:Gruffydd Young
2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2211:Phylib ap Rhys
2173:John Oldcastle
2094:fell in 1409.
2092:Harlech Castle
2084:Gruffydd Young
2080:Harlech Castle
1952:
1949:
1929:Gruffydd Young
1846:
1843:
1821:Gruffydd Young
1766:Newport Castle
1762:Cardiff Castle
1670:
1667:
1658:Main article:
1655:
1652:
1607:settlers from
1597:Mynydd Hyddgen
1531:Mynydd Hyddgen
1422:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1348:Glyndŵr Rising
1336:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1012:
1011:
1003:
1002:
994:
993:
985:
984:
976:
975:
967:
966:
958:
957:
952:
951:
944:
943:
935:
934:
926:
925:
917:
916:
908:
907:
899:
898:
890:
889:
881:
880:
872:
871:
866:
865:
858:
857:
849:
848:
840:
839:
831:
830:
822:
821:
813:
812:
804:
803:
795:
794:
786:
785:
777:
776:
768:
767:
759:
758:
750:
749:
741:
740:
732:
731:
723:
722:
717:
716:
709:
708:
703:
702:
695:
694:
686:
685:
679:
678:
677:
675:
672:
650:
647:
593:, heir to the
570:
567:
565:
562:
542:Harlech Castle
540:, followed by
472:
471:
469:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
441:Caroline phase
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
412:
409:
408:
399:
397:
396:
389:
382:
374:
365:
364:
362:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
329:Mynydd Hyddgen
325:
322:
321:
312:
310:
309:
302:
295:
287:
279:
278:
230:
143:
142:
138:
137:
127:
106:
105:
101:
100:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
83:
81:
77:
76:
67:
59:
58:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5929:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5847:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5797:Orig Williams
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5772:Michael Sheen
5770:
5768:
5767:William Price
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5732:Emyr Llywelyn
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5722:William Jones
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5697:Emrys ap Iwan
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5687:Gwynfor Evans
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5599:Republicanism
5596:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5570:Operation Tân
5568:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5409:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5389:Plaid Glyndŵr
5387:
5385:
5384:Forward Wales
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5316:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5293:Yes for Wales
5291:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5197:Owain Glyndŵr
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:Organisations
5112:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5090:Republicanism
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5017:republicanism
5014:
5007:
5002:
5000:
4995:
4993:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4974:
4973:
4960:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4932:national flag
4930:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4664:Welsh English
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4588:Gorsedd Cymru
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:Police forces
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:Republicanism
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4103:
4096:
4091:
4089:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3969:Football team
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3895:Music history
3893:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Milford Haven
3814:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:Local history
3788:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Welsh Marches
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Language laws
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3590:King of Wales
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3294:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3256:Owain Glyndŵr
3251:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3081:
3070:
3068:9780785835530
3064:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3002:Davies, R. R.
2999:
2995:
2993:9781786721105
2989:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2954:
2950:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2907:Williams 1985
2903:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2888:
2885:, p. 33.
2884:
2879:
2876:
2873:, p. 32.
2872:
2867:
2864:
2861:, p. 29.
2860:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2837:, p. 19.
2836:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2820:Williams 1993
2816:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2784:Williams 1993
2780:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2724:Henry Ellis,
2723:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2607:, p. 22.
2606:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2592:, p. 84.
2591:
2586:
2583:
2580:, p. 17.
2579:
2574:
2571:
2568:, p. 21.
2567:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2530:, p. 19.
2529:
2524:
2521:
2518:, p. 81.
2517:
2512:
2509:
2506:, p. 10.
2505:
2500:
2497:
2494:, p. 75.
2493:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2470:, p. 70.
2469:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2441:, p. 21.
2440:
2435:
2432:
2429:, p. 12.
2428:
2427:Williams 2005
2423:
2420:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:Queen dowager
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2165:Herefordshire
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:Rhys ap Tudur
2135:
2134:London Bridge
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2050:Battle of Usk
2047:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:Herefordshire
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1881:Herefordshire
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:Earl of March
1692:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:Pembrokeshire
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1488:Rhys ap Tudur
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:guerrilla war
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:Ruthin Castle
1430:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1264:
1255:
1248:
1239:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
948:
939:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:
727:
713:
699:
690:
673:
671:
669:
664:
660:
656:
655:Owain Glyndŵr
648:
646:
642:
640:
636:
632:
631:Owain Glyndŵr
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
576:
568:
563:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
526:
524:
520:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:Owain Glyndŵr
488:
479:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
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439:
437:
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410:
405:
395:
390:
388:
383:
381:
376:
375:
372:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
349:Stalling Down
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
323:
318:
308:
303:
301:
296:
294:
289:
288:
285:
277:
273:
268:
264:
259:
255:
249:
245:
239:
238:King Henry IV
235:
231:
229:
225:
220:
218:
212:
208:
202:
196:
192:
187:
185:
179:
175:
170:
168:
162:
158:
153:
152:Owain Glyndŵr
149:
145:
144:
139:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
116:
112:
108:
107:
102:
94:
91:
90:
86:
82:
79:
78:
68:
65:
64:
60:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5777:R. S. Thomas
5757:Arthur Owens
5702:Carwyn James
5692:Eirwen Gwynn
5662:Ithel Davies
5634:
5453:Welsh Labour
5421:Independence
5408:Welsh Labour
5358:
5340:
5272:Referendums
5201:
5063:Independence
4963:
4949:Welsh Dragon
4817:Christianity
4637:Demographics
4595: /
4420:Wales Office
4385:Local rulers
4234:Biodiversity
4201:
4137:Bibliography
4016:Rent control
4005:1962–present
3977:1977–present
3776:Wales Office
3772:Welsh Office
3585:Royal houses
3428:
3356:Bibliography
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3255:
3227:
3218:
3200:
3177:
3167:
3147:
3127:
3107:
3086:
3072:. Retrieved
3057:
3046:
3025:
3005:
2979:
2969:
2956:. Retrieved
2941:. Retrieved
2926:
2917:Bibliography
2902:
2890:
2878:
2866:
2854:
2849:, p. 5.
2842:
2822:, p. 5.
2815:
2803:
2791:
2786:, p. 4.
2779:
2739:
2736:Archaeologia
2735:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2684:
2672:
2660:
2648:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2585:
2573:
2551:Bradley 1901
2523:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2482:, p. 9.
2475:
2463:
2434:
2422:
2395:
2391:
2374:
2354:Jasper Tudor
2331:
2327:North Africa
2275:
2249:
2243:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2184:King Henry V
2181:
2171:leader, Sir
2150:
2115:
2086:was sent to
2055:
1989:
1957:universities
1954:
1918:
1914:Bramham Moor
1854:
1806:
1774:
1723:
1716:The ward of
1680:
1663:
1594:
1569:Conwy Castle
1558:
1535:
1497:
1469:
1463:and sacking
1461:Powis Castle
1426:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1285:
1269:
1253:
1237:
652:
643:
611:Flint Castle
607:Conwy Castle
588:
572:
558:King Henry V
546:King Henry V
531:
527:
511:
493:against the
486:
484:
455:
314:
267:Richard Grey
248:King Henry V
216:
183:
166:
126:(until 1408)
104:Belligerents
40:
18:Welsh Revolt
5752:John Osmond
5364:Green Party
5348:Plaid Ifanc
5342:politicians
5336:Plaid Cymru
5248:RAF Penrhos
5231:Capel Celyn
5156:Plaid Cymru
5095:Irredentism
5085:Nationalism
5050:Nationalism
4944:Royal Badge
4887:Saint David
4827:Catholicism
4822:Anglicanism
4498:Coal mining
4488:Agriculture
4390:Nationalism
3983:Rugby union
3954:Plaid Cymru
3880:Archaeology
3694:English law
3659:manuscripts
3491:Brycheiniog
3375:of Anglesey
3365:archaeology
3272:22 February
3029:. Y Lolfa.
2984:I.B. Tauris
2943:22 February
2895:Davies 1997
2796:Davies 1997
2742:: 137–147.
2722:Letter from
2706:Pierce 1959
2653:Davies 2009
2439:Barber 2004
2295:Llansteffan
2263:Abbeycwmhir
2072:Aberystwyth
2028:Adam of Usk
2008:Rhys Gethin
1909:Franciscans
1905:Cistercians
1831:Machynlleth
1813:Aberystwyth
1795:before the
1785:Glyndyfrdwy
1760:and taking
1730:Tywi Valley
1623:toward the
1585:Adam of Usk
1581:Good Friday
1573:men-at-arms
1474:launched a
953:(1404–1409)
718:(1403–1405)
704:(1404–1408)
507:Machynlleth
497:during the
258:John Talbot
250:(1413–1415)
240:(1400–1413)
178:Rhys Gethin
74: 1415
5861:Categories
5816:Opposition
5762:Anne Penny
5747:Jan Morris
5379:Cymru Goch
5265:Devolution
5209:Cymru Fydd
5121:AUOB Cymru
5080:Devolution
4779:Healthcare
4739:Scientists
4702:Architects
4597:in English
4583:Eisteddfod
4358:Government
4343:Devolution
4326:Government
4303:Waterfalls
4172:Deheubarth
4142:Prehistory
4020:regulation
3869:in English
3801:as capital
3780:Devolution
3675:Penal laws
3501:Deheubarth
3496:Ceredigion
3464:Devolution
3459:World Wars
3443:witchcraft
3418:settlement
3390:rebellions
3361:Prehistory
3339:Chronology
2982:. London:
2958:15 January
2835:Evans 1915
2808:Lloyd 1931
2772:Parry 2010
2689:Parry 2010
2677:Parry 2010
2641:Parry 2010
2629:Parry 2010
2617:Grant 2011
2590:Parry 2010
2516:Parry 2010
2492:Parry 2010
2468:Parry 2010
2414:References
2362:Owen Tudor
2317:and later
2229:St Matthew
2157:Dafydd Gam
2142:Shrewsbury
2118:Shropshire
2059:Flintshire
2043:Cistercian
2040:Llantarnam
1893:Shropshire
1877:Shropshire
1849:See also:
1738:Carmarthen
1629:Cistercian
1575:and sixty
1504:guerrillas
1500:Shrewsbury
564:Background
359:Pwll Melyn
344:Shrewsbury
276:Dafydd Gam
5508:Welsh Not
5499:activism
5243:Penyberth
4832:Mormonism
4724:Musicians
4719:Inventors
4654:Languages
4646:Languages
4578:Education
4533:Transport
4503:Companies
4348:Elections
4222:Geography
4147:Roman Era
4001:1899–1962
3973:1876–1976
3934:Education
3680:Poor laws
3564:Seisyllwg
3554:Wenwynwyn
3545:Morgannwg
3516:Glywysing
2756:0261-3409
2504:Tout 1900
2480:Tout 1900
2396:Cynulliad
2271:Glamorgan
2177:Snowdonia
2046:monastery
1965:Hywel Dda
1826:Cynulliad
1754:River Usk
1742:Glamorgan
1699:Bryn Glas
1634:Worcester
1520:Worcester
1465:Welshpool
339:Bryn Glas
5846:Category
5552:Militant
5479:Cultural
5464:YesCymru
5451:(within
5326:Politics
5171:YesCymru
4883:History
4857:Hinduism
4852:Buddhism
4809:Religion
4754:in Welsh
4508:Forestry
4415:Unionism
4335:Politics
4317:Politics
4212:Colonies
4132:Timeline
3865:in Welsh
3861:medieval
3821:Monmouth
3811:Llanelli
3805:timeline
3725:Polities
3665:Treaties
3526:Gwynllwg
3346:Timeline
3217:(1900).
3004:(1997).
2342:boroughs
2315:Scotland
2278:Anglesey
2267:Oswestry
2207:Llawdden
2126:Cardigan
2088:Scotland
2064:Oswestry
1992:Grosmont
1945:Scotland
1941:Brittany
1885:Mortimer
1873:Cheshire
1789:Sycharth
1703:Mortimer
1647:Cheshire
1601:Pumlumon
1561:Edward I
1472:Anglesey
1457:Oswestry
1449:Hawarden
1441:Rhuddlan
584:fiefdoms
580:Cheshire
534:Anglesey
354:Grosmont
80:Location
5628:Figures
5492:Cymuned
5180:History
5068:polling
4914:Symbols
4877:Sikhism
4872:Druidry
4867:Judaism
4847:Bahá'ís
4749:Writers
4734:Royalty
4707:Artists
4627:Theatre
4612:Museums
4573:Castles
4560:Culture
4547:Society
4528:Tourism
4476:Economy
4368:History
4261:Islands
4256:Geology
4251:Climate
4124:History
4047:History
3948:UK-wide
3836:Wrexham
3831:Swansea
3826:Newport
3797:Cardiff
3539:culture
3535:history
3531:Gwynedd
3350:British
2169:Lollard
2146:Chester
2122:suicide
1998:at the
1985:Avignon
1925:Bretons
1921:Ireland
1817:Harlech
1809:Harlech
1802:knights
1605:Flemish
1589:Denbigh
1577:archers
1437:Denbigh
663:English
615:Chester
599:Ireland
334:Tuthill
217:†
197: (
184:†
167:†
5374:Propel
5359:Others
5161:Propel
4922:Anthem
4789:Boards
4771:Health
4692:Actors
4679:People
4622:Sports
4443:Courts
4410:Senedd
4378:Mayors
4373:Cities
4293:Rivers
3845:Topics
3573:Rulers
3511:Ergyng
3289:
3263:
3242:
3184:
3154:
3135:
3114:
3095:
3074:8 July
3065:
3033:
3012:
2990:
2934:
2754:
2720:"III.
2350:Edmund
2346:juries
2282:London
2246:parish
2167:based
2161:Brecon
2130:Tyburn
1969:Pennal
1933:treaty
1883:. The
1879:, and
1869:Mersey
1865:Severn
1793:battle
1734:manors
1707:Catrin
1687:Ruthin
1627:. The
1542:Brecon
1538:manors
1451:, and
867:(1401)
619:Regent
213:
180:
163:
92:Result
5540:flags
5369:Gwlad
5136:Gwlad
4927:Flags
4862:Islam
4759:Women
4744:Women
4729:Poets
4712:Women
4659:Welsh
4607:Music
4602:Media
4286:AONBs
4266:Lakes
4244:Flora
4239:Fauna
4102:Wales
4059:Wales
3924:slate
3639:Peers
3558:Fadog
3550:Powys
3521:Gwent
3506:Dyfed
3400:early
2383:Notes
2323:Hippo
2188:pious
2153:Welsh
2034:near
2018:, at
1746:Gwent
1697:, at
1621:Powys
1599:near
1565:Conwy
1546:Gwent
1510:near
1445:Flint
637:, as
85:Wales
69:1400–
5406:(of
5286:2011
5281:1997
5276:1979
5015:and
4683:list
3899:harp
3633:list
3408:late
3404:high
3287:ISBN
3274:2023
3261:ISBN
3240:ISBN
3182:ISBN
3152:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3112:ISBN
3093:ISBN
3076:2019
3063:ISBN
3031:ISBN
3010:ISBN
2988:ISBN
2960:2015
2945:2023
2932:ISBN
2752:ISSN
2352:and
2311:Ross
2261:and
2216:The
2204:Bard
2144:and
2068:Clun
2066:and
1994:and
1981:Rome
1975:and
1907:and
1899:and
1867:and
1811:and
1787:and
1764:and
1744:and
1544:and
1486:and
1453:Holt
1329:1405
1320:1403
1311:1400
1302:1405
1286:1405
1270:1403
1254:1402
1238:1401
485:The
66:Date
34:and
4568:Art
4430:Law
3648:Law
3232:doi
2744:doi
2456:BBC
2325:in
2321:of
2313:in
2036:Usk
2020:Usk
1996:Usk
1983:to
1963:of
1758:Usk
200:POW
5863::
3238:.
3205:.
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2986:.
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2764:^
2750:.
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2738:.
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2329:.
2305:.
2250:or
2213:.
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