275:
459:
127:, chose to leave the established churches and form independent church bodies. Many left for America and Australia. The dispute over ecumenism overshadowed other controversies within German Lutheranism. The group which eventually became the Wends of Texas was part of this movement, its members distinguished in their specific ethnic identity as Wends, i.e. a Slavic minority living within a predominantly German environment.
163:
22:
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30:
151:, England, where they were expecting to begin their voyage across the sea. Upon arrival they found their intention to travel on one large ship was fouled as two smaller ships awaited them. After negotiating and waiting for news to come back, their would-be ship line transported them to their requested ship among the
307:
began studying and documenting the Texas Wends and their journey, leading to the development of the Texas
Wendish Heritage Museum near the original St. Paul Church, Cemetery, and Picnic Ground. This study began to bring the Wends back together, represented by a Wendish Festival started in 1988 and is
356:
With a renewal of the sense of
Wendish culture since the 1970s, the Texas Wendish Heritage Society preserves the history and culture of this group with their museum located in Serbin. The 3000+ artifacts, documents, and original log buildings of Johann Killian and his congregation serve as the chief
876:
Jan Kilian (1811–1884). Pastor, Poet, Emigrant. Sammelband der internationalen
Konferenz zum 200. Geburtstag des lutherischen Geistlichen, Bautzen, 23.–24. September 2011. Papers of the International Conference on the Occasion of the 200th Birthday of the Lutheran Minister, Bautzen, 23–24 September
344:
are still composed largely of descendants of the original
Lusatian pioneers; though without many Wendish speaking pastors, the culture largely exists today in the Texas Wendish Heritage Museum, which continues to publish a newsletter, hosts the annual Wendish Festival, organizes trips for Wends to
319:
Very little literature written in
Wendish has been translated into German, much less into English. In 2018, a Texas university student translated a collection of seven Wendish poems from German into English. The poems all stressed Wendish identity, written originally in Wendish. In 2018, they had
235:
to the list of his preaching languages. The use of German had made such inroads into the community that gravestones for Kilian and his family were carved in German. His sons continued the
Wendish preaching and teaching, but with them ended the last of major Wendish language exposure to the small
205:
Upon arrival in
Houston, many of the Wends did not have enough money to continue the journey inland other than to travel on foot, carrying what they could. Along the way many stopped short of the congregation's planned destination in other German communities. Ultimately arriving in present-day
134:
on March 23, 1854, to make decisions on what was to be done. It was decided to meet again in May to call a pastor. May 25, 1854, saw the call of John Kilian as pastor of the newly formed congregation and plans began to form for the emigration to Texas.
222:
Through their first winter they survived in little more than dug-outs and meager shelters. Through the coming year, they finished building their first church and school, and continued to preserve their culture. Kilian persevered, preaching in both
361:
culture, traditions, and background. The festival has grown to be a premiere celebration of
Wendish culture, with attendants from all over the world gathering to share their stories, eat Wendish noodles and streusel coffee cake, participate in
271:. Among C Company was a Wend, Johann Kieschnik, who, while in custody, was immediately sought out by his captors for his services as a shoemaker. Several Wendish men became seriously ill, and died in federal captivity.
85:
in 1854. The term also refers to the other emigrations (and all descendants) occurring before and after this group. However, none came close to the size or importance of the
Wendish culture in Texas.
819:
Texas Wends: Their first half-century - With historical, biographical & genealogical information on the Serbin Wends, the
Schatte & Moerbe families in particular
373:
The original church bell, having been brought from Lusatia and since replaced in the St. Paul Lutheran Church's bell tower, now rests at Concordia University Texas in
1088:
580:
130:
Resisting the merger of Lutheranism and Calvinism being forced by the national church, this group, comprising members of many congregations and villages, met at
120:
962:
1078:
1083:
295:
Expanding land and economic opportunities enticed many to start new Wendish communities and churches throughout Texas and gradually throughout the
267:, having been recruited by a Captain Robert Voigt, Company C. The unit was eventually captured and sent to detainment by federal troops in 1863 at
193:(then about half the size of Galveston). By the time they had left Galveston, a total of 73 had died from various ailments, 55 of which died from
248:. Many Wendish homesteads continued to grow and develop profitable cotton crop during this time. As a result of high premiums on cotton from the
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123:. The unification of the two branches of German Protestantism sparked a great deal of controversy. Many Lutherans, termed
1017:
357:
voice of this bygone era. A Wendish Fest has occurred annually every fourth Sunday in September since 1988 to celebrate
244:
The Wendish valued strong work ethic and having emigrated seeking liberty, did not feel it necessary to participate in
948:
304:
1068:
741:
783:
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370:. They continue to decorate eggs in their cultural fashion and their egg noodles are never far from the table.
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1063:
181:, Ireland, to have the ship quarantined and the disease complete its cycle. Continuing on, they landed in
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185:, after passing the health inspection. Finding the largest city of Texas (at that time) beset by
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Hunt, Samantha. "Preservation of a Dying Culture: A Study of Sorbian/Wendish Poetry."
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479:, vol. 11 (15 ed.), Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., p. 198,
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303:, with many Wendish families moving to cities across the world. During this time,
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and other traditional competitions, and keep alive the way of life brought from
321:
54:
384:
268:
849:. (The University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures. San Antonio, Texas)
156:
29:
835:. (University of Texas bulletin, no. 3417. Austin, Texas: The University)
388:
Bag of Wendish noodles, made by volunteers as a fundraiser for the museum.
940:
377:. That institution was founded by Texas Wends and is affiliated with the
346:
309:
279:
112:
826:
Transcontinental Encounters: Central Europe Meets the American Heartland
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still continuing. In the 1990s, the Wends began organizing trips to the
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144:
108:
78:
74:
814:. The Naylor Company. San Antonio, Texas. ASIN B0007DXAP2 OCLC 1224161
833:
So-Called Wends of Germany and their Colonies in Texas and Australia
935:
581:"Roster of Company C, 1st Battalion Infantry, Waul's Texas Legion"
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313:
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50:
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28:
20:
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are a group of people descended from a congregation of 558
925:
349:, and is open throughout the year with special events, in
231:
as more German migrants moved closer. Eventually he added
901:
Second Edition (Austin: Concordia University Press, 2008)
884:
In Search of Home, Nineteenth-Century Wendish Immigration
177:. After setting sail, they were forced to drop anchor at
821:. (The Anson Jones Press. Salado, Texas) ASIN B0007E9MBC
353:, celebrating the traditions and history of the Wends.
784:"CTX 101: 5 Concordia Landmarks You Should Know About"
256:, evading federal troops and bandits and boosting the
670:"Projekat Rastko - Luzica / Project Rastko - Lusatia"
537:"Projekat Rastko - Luzica / Project Rastko - Lusatia"
519:"Projekat Rastko - Luzica / Project Rastko - Lusatia"
908:
Concordia Historical Institute Quarterly. Fall 2012.
886:(College Station: Texas A & M University Press)
976:
899:A Rock Against Alien Waves: A History of the Wends
173:While in Liverpool, the group was exposed to the
53:people under the leadership and pastoral care of
633:translated by Kito Lorenc. Leipzig: Reclam 1981.
621:l 2, 59-72 (2018). Sam Houston State University.
119:churches in his territory to unite, forming the
312:and have sustained relations with the residing
210:, they founded the Low Pin Oak Settlement (now
828:(Austin, TX: Concordia University Press, 2005)
956:
906:An Exciting Find in a Wendish Vault in Texas.
619:The Measure: An Undergraduate Research Journa
8:
254:smuggled cotton for sale on European Markets
265:1st Battalion Infantry, Waul's Texas Legion
963:
949:
941:
915:(Austin: Concordia University Press, 2011)
824:Cravens, Craig and David Zersen, editors.
155:'s line of packet ships, the Ben Nevis in
770:Texas Wendish Heritage Society and Museum
749:Texas Wendish Heritage Society and Museum
436:"Remember the Wends? Hardly Anyone Does"
263:Several Wendish men served honorably in
121:Evangelical Church of the Prussian Union
704:. The Institute of Texan Cultures. 2018
427:
250:Union blockade of the Gulf and borders
864:(Austin: Concordia University Press)
16:Ethnoreligious community in Texas, US
7:
475:, ed. (1974), "Lutheran Churches",
332:The towns and surrounding areas of
1079:European American culture in Texas
913:The Poetry and Music of Jan Kilian
702:University of Texas at San Antonio
562:"TSHA | Wartime Cotton Trade"
175:1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak
14:
1084:Sorbian-American culture in Texas
862:Shores of Hope: Wends Go Overseas
579:Weise, Stephen (April 18, 2018).
501:"Dauban (Germany) map - nona.net"
299:. This intensified following the
189:, they hurriedly continued on to
1089:Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod
457:
320:been translated into German by
166:Kilian's gravestone in Serbin,
926:Texas Wendish Heritage Society
442:. December 8, 1982. p. 35
379:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
1:
874:Malinkowa, Trudla, ed. 2014.
408:which had articles in Wendish
405:Giddings Deutsches Volksblatt
25:Texas Wendish Heritage Museum
936:Worldwide Wendish Connection
1105:
788:Concordia University Texas
644:"31st Annual Wendish Fest"
605:"31st ANNUAL WENDISH FEST"
305:Concordia University Texas
105:King Frederick William III
931:Wendish Research Exchange
879:Bautzen: Domowina Verlag.
724:"Texas Wendish Heritage"
831:Engerrand, G.C. (1934)
477:Encyclopædia Britannica
62:
1074:Ethnic groups in Texas
971:Ethnic groups in Texas
728:Texas Wendish Heritage
648:Texas Wendish Heritage
389:
287:
170:
70:
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1008:Hispanics and Latinos
860:Malinkowa, T. (2009)
387:
277:
165:
139:Crossing the Atlantic
73:) who emigrated from
32:
24:
817:Caldwell, L. (1961)
695:"The Wendish Texans"
77:(part of modern-day
911:Zersen, David, ed.
882:Nielsen, G. (1989)
631:Sorbisches Lesebuch
278:Texas Wends at the
147:, they traveled to
897:Wukasch, Charles.
847:The Wendish Texans
845:Grider, S. (1982)
812:The Wends of Texas
810:Blasig, A. (1957)
566:www.tshaonline.org
390:
288:
171:
94:Nineteenth century
35:
33:Texas Wendish Bell
27:
1051:
1050:
984:African Americans
870:978-1-881848-12-7
417:Sorbian Americans
291:Twentieth century
59:Sorbian languages
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1069:History of Texas
1023:Native Americans
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314:Wends of Lusatia
301:Second World War
201:Arrival in Texas
183:Galveston, Texas
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805:Other sources
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791:. Retrieved
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763:"Newsletter"
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751:. June 2001.
748:
742:"Newsletter"
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706:. Retrieved
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677:. Retrieved
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652:. Retrieved
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589:November 22,
587:. Retrieved
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544:. Retrieved
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450:– via
444:. Retrieved
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262:
252:, the Wends
243:
221:
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187:yellow fever
172:
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111:ordered the
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42:
38:
36:
18:
793:January 26,
708:January 26,
679:January 27,
654:January 27,
546:January 26,
328:Present day
322:Kito Lorenc
286:, June 1994
159:, England.
55:John Kilian
39:Texas Wends
1058:Categories
1006:and other
423:References
399:Mato Kósyk
345:visit the
269:Yazoo City
218:Settlement
208:Lee County
179:Queenstown
63:Jan Kilian
1038:Spaniards
994:Filipinos
446:March 22,
168:in German
157:Liverpool
103:In 1817,
1013:Japanese
1004:Mexicans
505:nona.net
393:See also
347:Domowina
342:Giddings
310:Domowina
280:Domowina
236:colony.
117:Reformed
113:Lutheran
999:Germans
368:Lusatia
359:Wendish
284:Bautzen
258:economy
233:English
225:Sorbian
195:cholera
191:Houston
145:Hamburg
109:Prussia
99:Lusatia
89:History
79:Germany
75:Lusatia
51:Wendish
47:Sorbian
1028:Romani
989:Czechs
977:Groups
890:
868:
853:
839:
483:
375:Austin
351:Serbin
340:, and
334:Serbin
229:German
132:Dauban
67:German
877:2011.
766:(PDF)
745:(PDF)
698:(PDF)
584:(PDF)
338:Warda
83:Texas
81:) to
1018:Jews
888:ISBN
866:ISBN
851:ISBN
837:ISBN
795:2020
710:2020
681:2020
656:2020
591:2020
548:2020
481:ISBN
448:2014
227:and
149:Hull
115:and
37:The
282:in
214:).
107:of
41:or
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