379:
340:
225:
348:
14 and 15 would be demolished. A new Lock 15 would be built on the Zuid-Willemsvaart just upstream of the junction with the Wessem-Nederweert Canal. Another lock was planned at the start of the
Noordervaart. These three locks were planned to get a lock chamber of 65 m long, a passage width of 7.50 m, and a depth of 2.50 m. The canal itself would be 30 m wide at the surface. A the bottom it would be 16 m wide, and deep 2.70 m in the center, and 2.50 m at the edges.
29:
479:
470:
for fully loaded 600 tons ships, and occasional use by 1,350 ton ships. For the Wessem-Nederweert Canal the plan foresaw that it had to be dredged out 30–50 cm, and that a bridged had to be lifted to allow a higher air draft. At
Panheel the lock gates would have to be made a bit higher. In a second phase of the plan, a new much larger lock for 1,200 tons ships would have to be built next to the existing Panheel Lock.
387:
of national importance. The traditional route from
Rotterdam to Maastricht and Liège was over the Zuid-Willemsvaart that started in 's-Hertogenbosch, and ended in Maastricht. Now, skippers began to use the canalized Meuse and the Wessem-Nederweert Canal to only use the upper part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart, which stretched from Nederweert to Maastricht.
419:
Wessem-Nederweert Canal. On the other hand, small ships that used the Zuid-Willemsvaart got a shorter route to
Maastricht, and could use the Wessem-Nederweert Canal instead of the upper part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart. Also, some traffic to Liège, especially German coal continued to use the canal because of the high toll at the Lanaye Locks.
394:, which had been opened in October 1927. This connected the Rhine to the Meuse close to the German border. In a few years traffic on this new canal grew from 5,000 ships in 1928 to 24,000 ships in the crisis year 1931. This generated new traffic on the Wessem-Nederweert Canal, e.g. coal barges from the
515:
promoted the canal, and the part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart that connected to
Belgium, to a national waterway. This meant that the plans were again to be executed. In 1992 the new lock at Panheel was finished. However, the original 1966 plan called for a canal depth of 3.50 m. Therefore, only part
469:
In 1966, the maintenance situation of the Zuid-Willemsvaart was problematic, with almost all locks needing urgent replacement. Therefore, Rijkswaterstaat came up with an overall plan to modernize the Zuid-Willemsvaart, and the connected Wessem-Nederweert Canal. The idea was to make the canal suitable
465:
In 1965 the Wessem-Nederweert Canal was busier than any part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart. Compared to the connected canalized Meuse and
Juliana Canal, it was less relevant. The number of ships on the canal was about two-thirds of that on those waters, and in tonnage transport was only about a quarter or
386:
Almost as soon as it was opened, the Wessem-Nederweert Canal became busy, because it made the shortcut of the Meuse even shorter between 's-Hertogenbosch and
Maasbracht. The opening of the canalized Meuse between Maasbracht and Grave in October 1929 made the Wessem-Nederweert Canal a transport artery
347:
In 1917 the design of the Wessem-Nederweert Canal was ready, and a disappropriation law was brought to parliament. The canal would run from Wessem to
Nederweert, where it met the Zuid-Willemsvaart. Near the Meuse Panheel Lock would control the water level in the canal. On the Zuid-Willemsvaart, locks
326:
In 1914 the canalization between
Maasbracht and Grave was brought on the government budget. Before this was granted, an investigation was done whether it would not be cheaper to dig a canal from Maasbracht to the Zuid-Willemsvaart in combination with an upgrade of the latter. This alternative proved
490:
announced his decision to upgrade the canal. This led to a more elaborate plan to upgrade the canal to CEMT class IV. It was expected that if
Belgium also upgraded, traffic on the canal would grow by about 60%, because part of the traffic to Belgium over the Juliana Canal would be rerouted over the
339:
524:
The more elaborate 1985 plan for the Wessem-Nederweert Canal specified some works on the bridges over the canal. It called for making the Kelperbrug 0.73 m higher. The air draft of the Kelpen railroad bridge would have to be heightened by 0.20 m to 5.95 m, and a new Schoorbrug was
355:
In summer, the Meuse was very dry, because Belgium used most of its water in irrigation projects. It was therefore necessary to save water. The biggest loss of water on the canal was caused by the operation of the locks. Therefore, Panheel Lock would get storage basins, which reduced its water
418:
As foreseen, the 1935 opening of the Juliana Canal put an end to the heyday of the Wessem-Nederweert Canal. The traffic from the Ruhr to Maastricht now had a better connection. Navigation from the western parts of the Netherlands to Maastricht could start to use big ships that did not fit the
327:
more expensive, but it was found that the construction of a (smaller) canal from Wessem to Nederweert would be useful. It would benefit North-Brabant and Zeeland, and while the canalization was in progress, ships of up to 400 ton could transport coal via the Zuid-Willemsvaart, and the
411:, which were in part owned by the state, were in financial trouble. In June 1928 the government was involved in a two-year contract between the railways and the coal mines, which severely limited use of the coal trestle. In July 1929 the coal trestle was finally taken into use, with
431:
all bridges on the Wessem-Nederweert Canal were destroyed. The lock at Panheel and Lock 15 at Nederweert were damaged. By September 1940 navigation resumed. In November 1944 the western allies crossed the canal at several places.
237:
The Wessem-Nederweert Canal is 17 km long, 2.5 meter deep, and varies in width from 30 to 50 meter. The maximum dimensions for ships on the canal are: length 96 m, beam 9,5 m, draft 2,10 m. This is
498:
for the Uffelse Beek was replaced to allow greater depth of the canal. Actual execution of the plans started with the construction of the second Panheel Lock in April 1986. In October 1986 an 89 m long culvert
369:
After preliminary work, construction of the Wessem-Nederweert Canal got up to steam in 1918. In 1925, the work of actually digging the canal was started. On 2 April 1928 the canal was opened for shipping.
378:
301:. In the economic center of the Netherlands, the Limburg coal would be more expensive than German coal, because the latter was transported at very low cost by large ships that descended the Rhine.
290:
deposits, but almost none of these could be exploited due to problems with groundwater. After technical difficulties were overcome, coal mining quickly became a serious activity from 1893 onwards.
528:
In 2008, a new higher Schoorbrug was opened. In 2016, Limburg province and Rijkwaterstaat reached an initial agreement for a new Kelperbrug. The new bridge would have to allow greater use of
466:
a third of that on the canalized Meuse and Juliana Canal. A remarkable fact about shipping on the canal was that less than 5% of the ships headed in the direction of Maastricht was loaded.
487:
323:
was designed in 1913. This design had locks suitable for a Rhine ship of 2,000 tons, with a length of 200 m, beam of 12 m and draft of 2.80 m.
239:
356:
consumption by 60%, leaving a projected average loss of 0.54 m/s. From the air, this led to a very typical view of a lock hemmed in by two basins.
250:
Panheel Lock is the only lock on the canal. It is a double lock consisting of the original Panheel Lock, and a more recent larger lock next to it. The
1469:
224:
156:
116:
331:. When the latter was ready, the Wessem-Nederweert Canal would shorten the route from Maasbracht to Tilburg from 220 km to 90 km.
735:
511:
By 1990, the canal became part of environmental considerations about giving preference to water transport over road transport. Minister
508:
In 1987 the whole upgrade plan was halted, and postponed by 5 years. Construction of the second Panheel Lock would be left unfinished.
428:
505:
was placed to channel the Tungelroysche Beek below the canal. By May 1987 construction of the new Panheel Lock was well underway.
352:
for the fixed bridges would be 5.20 m. The disappropriation did take a later expansion to 2,000 tons ships into account.
841:
401:
The original idea to create all these works, the transport of Limburg coal, started slowly. In Maasbracht a coal trestle
149:
109:
283:
727:
Verbetering Zuid-Willemsvaart en kanaal Wessem-Nederweert, Zuid-Willemsvaart in Limburg, en Kanaal Wessem-Nederweert
860:
1438:
408:
293:
It was expected that coal mining would lead to industrialization of South Limburg. However, transporting
275:
1276:
28:
1156:
1009:
991:
391:
1120:
315:. The first plans for the Meuse consisted of dredging and removing all kind of obstacles. North of
309:
The plans that led to improving the Meuse for shipping were known as the Canalization of the Meuse
1048:
1027:
297:
to and from South Limburg was expensive, because it depended on rail transport, and the shallow
1384:
1366:
1348:
1330:
1312:
1294:
1258:
1138:
1102:
1084:
1066:
755:
725:
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197:
97:
781:
768:
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691:
679:
910:
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810:
745:
328:
794:
412:
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canalization was thought to be an effective solution. Between Maastricht and Maasbracht a
407:
was made, where rail cars could be tipped in order to load coal into ships. However, the
478:
1463:
529:
320:
213:
756:"Kernkwaliteiten van de Zuid-Willemsvaart, kanaal Wessem-Nederweert, Maximakanaal"
251:
750:, vol. B Kanaal Wessem Nederweert, Rijkswaterstaat, directie Limburg, 1985
316:
294:
201:
101:
171:
158:
131:
118:
349:
258:
254:
close to the Meuse has a much lower level than that west of Panheel Lock.
445:
495:
390:
The canalized Meuse between Maasbracht and Grave also connected to the
449:
444:
on the Meuse expanded to an industrial schale, especially for making
441:
209:
717:
Verbetering Zuid-Willemsvaart en kanaal Wessem-Nederweert, Algemeen
477:
377:
338:
298:
223:
205:
395:
287:
279:
885:
730:, vol. III, Rijkswaterstaat, directie Noord-Brabant, 1966
720:, vol. I, Rijkswaterstaat, directie Noord-Brabant, 1966
938:
936:
824:"Nederlandsche Steenkolen en haar economisch belang II"
448:. The canal became important for the transport of this
830:, Nederlandsche vereniging voor economische geographie
817:, Nederlandsche vereniging voor economische geographie
811:"Nederlandsche Steenkolen en haar economisch belang I"
740:, vol. A, Rijkswaterstaat, directie Limburg, 1985
978:
747:
Verbetering Midden-Limburgse kanalen, Algemeen plan
737:
Verbetering Midden-Limburgse kanalen, Algemeen plan
187:
147:
107:
93:
85:
80:
72:
67:
59:
51:
46:
38:
21:
1331:"Bezuininiging veroorzaakt paniek bij ondernemers"
1439:"Nieuwe Kelperbrug over kanaal Wessem-Nederweert"
822:Van Waterschoot van der Gracht, W.A.J.M. (1910),
809:Van Waterschoot van der Gracht, W.A.J.M. (1910),
1413:
1401:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
415:itself providing rail transport to Maasbracht.
788:, Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs: 175–188
775:, Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs: 720–730
1043:
1041:
780:Heyning, C.T.C.; Van der Burgt, J.H. (1928),
8:
954:
927:
897:
795:"Officiële opening van de nieuwe Schoorbrug"
760:Kijk op de ruimtelijke kwaliteit van kanalen
842:Kanaal Wessem Nederweert Aerial photographs
710:, Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs, 1917
698:, Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs, 1914
686:, Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs, 1913
500:
452:
402:
310:
242:IV with a draft limitation of 2.10 m.
18:
1425:
1367:"Maij schrapt aanleg autoweg by Roermond"
278:, the Netherlands lacked iron as well as
228:Storage basins at the old lock of Panheel
1121:"Verschuivingen in de Binnenscheepvaart"
534:
257:There are 9 bridges over the canal. The
966:
942:
852:
828:Tijdschrift voor Economische Geographie
815:Tijdschrift voor Economische Geographie
782:"Het kanaal van Wessem naar Nederweert"
762:, Bureau Verbeek, Rijkswaterstaat, 2007
804:, Buurtvereniging Schoor, p. 9–13
440:After World War II, the extraction of
1301:. 30 October 1986. pp. 1 and 13.
491:upper part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart.
7:
886:Van Waterschoot van der Gracht 1910b
692:"Kanalisatie van de Maas in Limburg"
680:"Kanalisatie van de Maas in Limburg"
382:A coal trestle on the Juliana Canal
1349:"Protest uitstel kanalenrenovatie"
482:The current double lock at Panheel
429:German invasion of the Netherlands
14:
1103:"Overzicht van het groote geheel"
1014:De courant Het nieuws van den dag
261:of the bridges is about 5 meter.
1385:"Maasroute wordt fors aangepast"
979:Heyning & Van der Burgt 1928
486:In October 1982 the minister of
27:
1470:Canals in Limburg (Netherlands)
1313:"Sluis Panheel in de steigers"
1010:"Waterverbindingen in Limburg"
793:Wetermans, Wilhelmien (2008),
488:Transport and Water Management
1:
1067:"Scheepvaart Maas-Waalkanaal"
270:The South Limburg coal fields
216:that connects to Maastricht.
1445:(in Dutch). 22 November 2016
587:Largest of its two passages
516:of the plans were executed.
1414:Rijkswaterstaat & 1985B
1259:"Duiker gaat er vandaag in"
1246:Rijkswaterstaat & 1985A
1234:Rijkswaterstaat & 1985A
1032:Nederlandsche staatscourant
1028:"Ministerie van Waterstaat"
33:The Wessem-Nederweert Canal
1486:
1157:"Belangrijk oorlogsnieuws"
1139:"Kanaal Wessem-Nederweert"
867:(in Dutch). Rijkwaterstaat
861:"Kanaal Wessem-Nederweert"
769:"Kanaal Wessem-Nederweert"
343:1916 disappropriation plan
196:is a canal connecting the
1085:"Spoortarieven en mijnen"
911:"Kanalisatie van de Maas"
546:
540:
537:
305:Canalization of the Meuse
212:. Here it meets the wide
26:
1277:"Kanalen gemoderniseerd"
1049:"Waterwerken in Limburg"
767:Heyning, C.T.C. (1925),
543:
16:Canal in the Netherlands
645:Railroad bridge Kelpen
312:Kanalisatie van de Maas
194:Wessem-Nederweert Canal
22:Wessem-Nederweert Canal
501:
483:
453:
403:
383:
374:Of national importance
344:
311:
229:
172:51.275142°N 5.759467°E
132:51.164537°N 5.894026°E
1402:Rijkswaterstaat 1966b
1222:Rijkswaterstaat 1966b
1210:Rijkswaterstaat 1966a
1198:Rijkswaterstaat 1966a
1186:Rijkswaterstaat 1966a
1174:Rijkswaterstaat 1966a
481:
474:The 1982 upgrade plan
461:1966 improvement plan
381:
342:
276:Industrial Revolution
227:
55:17 km (11 miles)
1391:. 18 September 1991.
1188:, p. bijlage 3.
1125:Algemeen Handelsblad
1109:. 14 September 1935.
1071:Algemeen Handelsblad
992:"De Maaskanalisatie"
578:Panheel Lock bridge
427:During the May 1940
1163:. 17 November 1944.
917:. 22 February 1913.
704:"Uit ons parlement"
177:51.275142; 5.759467
168: /
137:51.164537; 5.894026
128: /
1389:Limburgsch Dagblad
1371:Limburgsch Dagblad
1355:. 2 December 1987.
1353:Limburgsch dagblad
1335:Limburgsch dagblad
1317:Limburgsch dagblad
1299:Limburgsch dagblad
1295:"250 ton te water"
1263:Limburgsch dagblad
1089:Limburgsch dagblad
1073:. 22 January 1932.
1055:. 24 October 1929.
998:. 20 October 1917.
484:
384:
345:
230:
1143:Limburger koerier
1127:. 12 August 1938.
1107:Limburger koerier
996:Limburger koerier
955:De Ingenieur 1917
928:De Ingenieur 1914
898:De Ingenieur 1913
670:
669:
513:Hanja Maij-Weggen
409:national railways
265:Context and Plans
198:Zuid-Willemsvaart
191:
190:
98:Zuid-Willemsvaart
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1285:
1284:
1283:. 12 April 1986.
1281:Algemeen Dagblad
1273:
1267:
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1255:
1249:
1243:
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1057:
1056:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1034:. 29 March 1928.
1024:
1018:
1017:
1016:. 22 March 1928.
1006:
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329:Wilhelmina Canal
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1373:. 27 June 1990.
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1337:. 30 June 1987.
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1270:
1265:. 30 June 1984.
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1091:. 23 June 1928.
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865:Rijkswaterstaat
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802:'t Buurtblaedje
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1145:. 27 May 1940.
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1001:
983:
981:, p. 180.
971:
969:, p. 721.
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957:, p. 288.
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1447:. Retrieved
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1428:, p. 9.
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1416:, p. 6.
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1200:, p. 1.
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869:. Retrieved
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786:De Ingenieur
785:
773:De Ingenieur
772:
759:
746:
736:
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708:De Ingenieur
707:
696:De Ingenieur
695:
684:De Ingenieur
683:
664:5.40 m
651:5.40 m
638:4.80 m
625:6.40 m
612:6.40 m
598:6.20 m
584:8.90 m
571:6.80 m
558:6.70 m
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523:
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423:World War II
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365:Construction
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1053:De Maasbode
915:Schuttevaêr
658:Schoorbrug
632:Kelperbrug
274:During the
252:canal pound
175: /
150:coordinates
135: /
110:coordinates
86:Start point
63:Operational
42:Netherlands
673:References
544:Air draft
494:In 1984 a
335:Final plan
317:Maasbracht
295:bulk cargo
246:Structures
233:Dimensions
202:Nederweert
160:51°16′31″N
120:51°09′52″N
108:Beginning
102:Nederweert
565:Trambrug
525:planned.
350:Air draft
259:air draft
163:5°45′34″E
123:5°53′38″E
94:End point
81:Geography
1464:Category
1443:1Limburg
619:Ellbrug
552:Polbrug
547:Remarks
532:barges.
446:concrete
404:kolentip
496:culvert
360:History
204:to the
148:Ending
68:History
39:Country
1449:28 May
871:13 May
530:pushed
502:zinker
450:gravel
442:gravel
436:Gravel
210:Wessem
60:Status
52:Length
848:Notes
798:(PDF)
538:Name
454:grind
299:Meuse
282:. In
208:near
206:Meuse
89:Meuse
1451:2022
873:2022
396:Ruhr
288:coal
280:coal
240:CEMT
76:1929
200:at
1466::
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1123:.
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1069:.
1051:.
1040:^
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1012:.
994:.
935:^
913:.
863:.
826:,
813:,
800:,
784:,
771:,
758:,
706:,
694:,
682:,
457:.
398:.
100:,
1453:.
875:.
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