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Wessem-Nederweert Canal

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14 and 15 would be demolished. A new Lock 15 would be built on the Zuid-Willemsvaart just upstream of the junction with the Wessem-Nederweert Canal. Another lock was planned at the start of the Noordervaart. These three locks were planned to get a lock chamber of 65 m long, a passage width of 7.50 m, and a depth of 2.50 m. The canal itself would be 30 m wide at the surface. A the bottom it would be 16 m wide, and deep 2.70 m in the center, and 2.50 m at the edges.
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for fully loaded 600 tons ships, and occasional use by 1,350 ton ships. For the Wessem-Nederweert Canal the plan foresaw that it had to be dredged out 30–50 cm, and that a bridged had to be lifted to allow a higher air draft. At Panheel the lock gates would have to be made a bit higher. In a second phase of the plan, a new much larger lock for 1,200 tons ships would have to be built next to the existing Panheel Lock.
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of national importance. The traditional route from Rotterdam to Maastricht and Liège was over the Zuid-Willemsvaart that started in 's-Hertogenbosch, and ended in Maastricht. Now, skippers began to use the canalized Meuse and the Wessem-Nederweert Canal to only use the upper part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart, which stretched from Nederweert to Maastricht.
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Wessem-Nederweert Canal. On the other hand, small ships that used the Zuid-Willemsvaart got a shorter route to Maastricht, and could use the Wessem-Nederweert Canal instead of the upper part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart. Also, some traffic to Liège, especially German coal continued to use the canal because of the high toll at the Lanaye Locks.
394:, which had been opened in October 1927. This connected the Rhine to the Meuse close to the German border. In a few years traffic on this new canal grew from 5,000 ships in 1928 to 24,000 ships in the crisis year 1931. This generated new traffic on the Wessem-Nederweert Canal, e.g. coal barges from the 515:
promoted the canal, and the part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart that connected to Belgium, to a national waterway. This meant that the plans were again to be executed. In 1992 the new lock at Panheel was finished. However, the original 1966 plan called for a canal depth of 3.50 m. Therefore, only part
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In 1966, the maintenance situation of the Zuid-Willemsvaart was problematic, with almost all locks needing urgent replacement. Therefore, Rijkswaterstaat came up with an overall plan to modernize the Zuid-Willemsvaart, and the connected Wessem-Nederweert Canal. The idea was to make the canal suitable
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In 1965 the Wessem-Nederweert Canal was busier than any part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart. Compared to the connected canalized Meuse and Juliana Canal, it was less relevant. The number of ships on the canal was about two-thirds of that on those waters, and in tonnage transport was only about a quarter or
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Almost as soon as it was opened, the Wessem-Nederweert Canal became busy, because it made the shortcut of the Meuse even shorter between 's-Hertogenbosch and Maasbracht. The opening of the canalized Meuse between Maasbracht and Grave in October 1929 made the Wessem-Nederweert Canal a transport artery
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In 1917 the design of the Wessem-Nederweert Canal was ready, and a disappropriation law was brought to parliament. The canal would run from Wessem to Nederweert, where it met the Zuid-Willemsvaart. Near the Meuse Panheel Lock would control the water level in the canal. On the Zuid-Willemsvaart, locks
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In 1914 the canalization between Maasbracht and Grave was brought on the government budget. Before this was granted, an investigation was done whether it would not be cheaper to dig a canal from Maasbracht to the Zuid-Willemsvaart in combination with an upgrade of the latter. This alternative proved
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announced his decision to upgrade the canal. This led to a more elaborate plan to upgrade the canal to CEMT class IV. It was expected that if Belgium also upgraded, traffic on the canal would grow by about 60%, because part of the traffic to Belgium over the Juliana Canal would be rerouted over the
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The more elaborate 1985 plan for the Wessem-Nederweert Canal specified some works on the bridges over the canal. It called for making the Kelperbrug 0.73 m higher. The air draft of the Kelpen railroad bridge would have to be heightened by 0.20 m to 5.95 m, and a new Schoorbrug was
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In summer, the Meuse was very dry, because Belgium used most of its water in irrigation projects. It was therefore necessary to save water. The biggest loss of water on the canal was caused by the operation of the locks. Therefore, Panheel Lock would get storage basins, which reduced its water
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As foreseen, the 1935 opening of the Juliana Canal put an end to the heyday of the Wessem-Nederweert Canal. The traffic from the Ruhr to Maastricht now had a better connection. Navigation from the western parts of the Netherlands to Maastricht could start to use big ships that did not fit the
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more expensive, but it was found that the construction of a (smaller) canal from Wessem to Nederweert would be useful. It would benefit North-Brabant and Zeeland, and while the canalization was in progress, ships of up to 400 ton could transport coal via the Zuid-Willemsvaart, and the
411:, which were in part owned by the state, were in financial trouble. In June 1928 the government was involved in a two-year contract between the railways and the coal mines, which severely limited use of the coal trestle. In July 1929 the coal trestle was finally taken into use, with 431:
all bridges on the Wessem-Nederweert Canal were destroyed. The lock at Panheel and Lock 15 at Nederweert were damaged. By September 1940 navigation resumed. In November 1944 the western allies crossed the canal at several places.
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The Wessem-Nederweert Canal is 17 km long, 2.5 meter deep, and varies in width from 30 to 50 meter. The maximum dimensions for ships on the canal are: length 96 m, beam 9,5 m, draft 2,10 m. This is
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for the Uffelse Beek was replaced to allow greater depth of the canal. Actual execution of the plans started with the construction of the second Panheel Lock in April 1986. In October 1986 an 89 m long culvert
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After preliminary work, construction of the Wessem-Nederweert Canal got up to steam in 1918. In 1925, the work of actually digging the canal was started. On 2 April 1928 the canal was opened for shipping.
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deposits, but almost none of these could be exploited due to problems with groundwater. After technical difficulties were overcome, coal mining quickly became a serious activity from 1893 onwards.
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In 2008, a new higher Schoorbrug was opened. In 2016, Limburg province and Rijkwaterstaat reached an initial agreement for a new Kelperbrug. The new bridge would have to allow greater use of
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a third of that on the canalized Meuse and Juliana Canal. A remarkable fact about shipping on the canal was that less than 5% of the ships headed in the direction of Maastricht was loaded.
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was designed in 1913. This design had locks suitable for a Rhine ship of 2,000 tons, with a length of 200 m, beam of 12 m and draft of 2.80 m.
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consumption by 60%, leaving a projected average loss of 0.54 m/s. From the air, this led to a very typical view of a lock hemmed in by two basins.
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Panheel Lock is the only lock on the canal. It is a double lock consisting of the original Panheel Lock, and a more recent larger lock next to it. The
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By 1990, the canal became part of environmental considerations about giving preference to water transport over road transport. Minister
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In 1987 the whole upgrade plan was halted, and postponed by 5 years. Construction of the second Panheel Lock would be left unfinished.
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was placed to channel the Tungelroysche Beek below the canal. By May 1987 construction of the new Panheel Lock was well underway.
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for the fixed bridges would be 5.20 m. The disappropriation did take a later expansion to 2,000 tons ships into account.
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The original idea to create all these works, the transport of Limburg coal, started slowly. In Maasbracht a coal trestle
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Verbetering Zuid-Willemsvaart en kanaal Wessem-Nederweert, Zuid-Willemsvaart in Limburg, en Kanaal Wessem-Nederweert
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It was expected that coal mining would lead to industrialization of South Limburg. However, transporting
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The plans that led to improving the Meuse for shipping were known as the Canalization of the Meuse
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to and from South Limburg was expensive, because it depended on rail transport, and the shallow
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canalization was thought to be an effective solution. Between Maastricht and Maasbracht a
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was made, where rail cars could be tipped in order to load coal into ships. However, the
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close to the Meuse has a much lower level than that west of Panheel Lock.
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The canalized Meuse between Maasbracht and Grave also connected to the
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on the Meuse expanded to an industrial schale, especially for making
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Verbetering Zuid-Willemsvaart en kanaal Wessem-Nederweert, Algemeen
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Verbetering Midden-Limburgse kanalen, Algemeen plan
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Verbetering Midden-Limburgse kanalen, Algemeen plan
187: 147: 107: 93: 85: 80: 72: 67: 59: 51: 46: 38: 21: 1331:"Bezuininiging veroorzaakt paniek bij ondernemers" 1439:"Nieuwe Kelperbrug over kanaal Wessem-Nederweert" 822:Van Waterschoot van der Gracht, W.A.J.M. (1910), 809:Van Waterschoot van der Gracht, W.A.J.M. (1910), 1413: 1401: 1245: 1233: 1221: 1209: 1197: 1185: 1173: 415:itself providing rail transport to Maasbracht. 788:, Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs: 175–188 775:, Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs: 720–730 1043: 1041: 780:Heyning, C.T.C.; Van der Burgt, J.H. (1928), 8: 954: 927: 897: 795:"Officiële opening van de nieuwe Schoorbrug" 760:Kijk op de ruimtelijke kwaliteit van kanalen 842:Kanaal Wessem Nederweert Aerial photographs 710:, Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs, 1917 698:, Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs, 1914 686:, Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs, 1913 500: 452: 402: 310: 242:IV with a draft limitation of 2.10 m. 18: 1425: 1367:"Maij schrapt aanleg autoweg by Roermond" 278:, the Netherlands lacked iron as well as 228:Storage basins at the old lock of Panheel 1121:"Verschuivingen in de Binnenscheepvaart" 534: 257:There are 9 bridges over the canal. The 966: 942: 852: 828:Tijdschrift voor Economische Geographie 815:Tijdschrift voor Economische Geographie 782:"Het kanaal van Wessem naar Nederweert" 762:, Bureau Verbeek, Rijkswaterstaat, 2007 804:, Buurtvereniging Schoor, p. 9–13 440:After World War II, the extraction of 1301:. 30 October 1986. pp. 1 and 13. 491:upper part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart. 7: 886:Van Waterschoot van der Gracht 1910b 692:"Kanalisatie van de Maas in Limburg" 680:"Kanalisatie van de Maas in Limburg" 382:A coal trestle on the Juliana Canal 1349:"Protest uitstel kanalenrenovatie" 482:The current double lock at Panheel 429:German invasion of the Netherlands 14: 1103:"Overzicht van het groote geheel" 1014:De courant Het nieuws van den dag 261:of the bridges is about 5 meter. 1385:"Maasroute wordt fors aangepast" 979:Heyning & Van der Burgt 1928 486:In October 1982 the minister of 27: 1470:Canals in Limburg (Netherlands) 1313:"Sluis Panheel in de steigers" 1010:"Waterverbindingen in Limburg" 793:Wetermans, Wilhelmien (2008), 488:Transport and Water Management 1: 1067:"Scheepvaart Maas-Waalkanaal" 270:The South Limburg coal fields 216:that connects to Maastricht. 1445:(in Dutch). 22 November 2016 587:Largest of its two passages 516:of the plans were executed. 1414:Rijkswaterstaat & 1985B 1259:"Duiker gaat er vandaag in" 1246:Rijkswaterstaat & 1985A 1234:Rijkswaterstaat & 1985A 1032:Nederlandsche staatscourant 1028:"Ministerie van Waterstaat" 33:The Wessem-Nederweert Canal 1486: 1157:"Belangrijk oorlogsnieuws" 1139:"Kanaal Wessem-Nederweert" 867:(in Dutch). Rijkwaterstaat 861:"Kanaal Wessem-Nederweert" 769:"Kanaal Wessem-Nederweert" 343:1916 disappropriation plan 196:is a canal connecting the 1085:"Spoortarieven en mijnen" 911:"Kanalisatie van de Maas" 546: 540: 537: 305:Canalization of the Meuse 212:. Here it meets the wide 26: 1277:"Kanalen gemoderniseerd" 1049:"Waterwerken in Limburg" 767:Heyning, C.T.C. (1925), 543: 16:Canal in the Netherlands 645:Railroad bridge Kelpen 312:Kanalisatie van de Maas 194:Wessem-Nederweert Canal 22:Wessem-Nederweert Canal 501: 483: 453: 403: 383: 374:Of national importance 344: 311: 229: 172:51.275142°N 5.759467°E 132:51.164537°N 5.894026°E 1402:Rijkswaterstaat 1966b 1222:Rijkswaterstaat 1966b 1210:Rijkswaterstaat 1966a 1198:Rijkswaterstaat 1966a 1186:Rijkswaterstaat 1966a 1174:Rijkswaterstaat 1966a 481: 474:The 1982 upgrade plan 461:1966 improvement plan 381: 342: 276:Industrial Revolution 227: 55:17 km (11 miles) 1391:. 18 September 1991. 1188:, p. bijlage 3. 1125:Algemeen Handelsblad 1109:. 14 September 1935. 1071:Algemeen Handelsblad 992:"De Maaskanalisatie" 578:Panheel Lock bridge 427:During the May 1940 1163:. 17 November 1944. 917:. 22 February 1913. 704:"Uit ons parlement" 177:51.275142; 5.759467 168: /  137:51.164537; 5.894026 128: /  1389:Limburgsch Dagblad 1371:Limburgsch Dagblad 1355:. 2 December 1987. 1353:Limburgsch dagblad 1335:Limburgsch dagblad 1317:Limburgsch dagblad 1299:Limburgsch dagblad 1295:"250 ton te water" 1263:Limburgsch dagblad 1089:Limburgsch dagblad 1073:. 22 January 1932. 1055:. 24 October 1929. 998:. 20 October 1917. 484: 384: 345: 230: 1143:Limburger koerier 1127:. 12 August 1938. 1107:Limburger koerier 996:Limburger koerier 955:De Ingenieur 1917 928:De Ingenieur 1914 898:De Ingenieur 1913 670: 669: 513:Hanja Maij-Weggen 409:national railways 265:Context and Plans 198:Zuid-Willemsvaart 191: 190: 98:Zuid-Willemsvaart 1477: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1435: 1429: 1423: 1417: 1411: 1405: 1399: 1393: 1392: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1327: 1321: 1320: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1291: 1285: 1284: 1283:. 12 April 1986. 1281:Algemeen Dagblad 1273: 1267: 1266: 1255: 1249: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1099: 1093: 1092: 1081: 1075: 1074: 1063: 1057: 1056: 1045: 1036: 1035: 1034:. 29 March 1928. 1024: 1018: 1017: 1016:. 22 March 1928. 1006: 1000: 999: 988: 982: 976: 970: 964: 958: 952: 946: 940: 931: 925: 919: 918: 907: 901: 895: 889: 883: 877: 876: 874: 872: 857: 831: 818: 805: 799: 789: 776: 763: 751: 741: 731: 721: 711: 699: 687: 601:North and South 535: 504: 456: 406: 329:Wilhelmina Canal 314: 183: 182: 180: 179: 178: 173: 169: 166: 165: 164: 161: 143: 142: 140: 139: 138: 133: 129: 126: 125: 124: 121: 31: 19: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1448: 1446: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1424: 1420: 1412: 1408: 1400: 1396: 1383: 1382: 1378: 1373:. 27 June 1990. 1365: 1364: 1360: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1337:. 30 June 1987. 1329: 1328: 1324: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1265:. 30 June 1984. 1257: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1240: 1232: 1228: 1220: 1216: 1208: 1204: 1196: 1192: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1168: 1155: 1154: 1150: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1091:. 23 June 1928. 1083: 1082: 1078: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1047: 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Index


Zuid-Willemsvaart
Nederweert
coordinates
51°09′52″N 5°53′38″E / 51.164537°N 5.894026°E / 51.164537; 5.894026
coordinates
51°16′31″N 5°45′34″E / 51.275142°N 5.759467°E / 51.275142; 5.759467
Zuid-Willemsvaart
Nederweert
Meuse
Wessem
Juliana Canal

CEMT
canal pound
air draft
Industrial Revolution
coal
South Limburg
coal
bulk cargo
Meuse
Maasbracht
lateral canal
Wilhelmina Canal

Air draft

Maas–Waal Canal
Ruhr

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