1168:
79:
1412:
1269:, who was apparently descended from another brother of Ceawlin. This was one of several occasions on which the kingship of Wessex is said to have passed to a remote branch of the royal family with an unbroken male line of descent from Cerdic; these claims may be genuine, or may reflect the spurious assertion of descent from Cerdic to legitimise a new dynasty. Æscwine's reign only lasted two years, and in 676 the throne passed back to the immediate family of Cenwealh with the accession of his brother
2063:
4030:
2323:
1826:. Edmund and Eadred both lost control of Northumbria at the beginning of their reigns but regained it by their deaths. Northumbira's acceptance of West Saxon rule in 954 meant the final unification of the kingdom of England. When Eadred died in 955, he was succeeded by Edmund's elder son Eadred, whose incompetent rule may have led to the division of England between Wessex under Eadred and Mercia and Northumbria under his younger brother
2048:
1972:
841:
1869:
1751:
2015:
1558:
1632:, which details the location and garrisoning requirements of thirty-three forts, whose positioning ensured that no one in Wessex was more than a long day's ride from a place of safety. In the 890s these reforms helped him to repulse the invasion of another huge Danish army – which was aided by the Danes settled in England – with minimal losses.
1331:, which formed an important boundary between east and west Wessex. Near the end of his life he followed in Cædwalla's footsteps by abdicating and making a pilgrimage to Rome. The throne then passed to a series of other kings who claimed descent from Cerdic but whose supposed genealogies and relationship to one another are unknown.
1323:, who also claimed to be a descendant of Cerdic through Ceawlin, but again through a long-separated line of descent. Ine was the most durable of the West Saxon kings, reigning for 38 years. He issued the oldest surviving English code of laws apart from those of the kingdom of Kent, and established a second West Saxon bishopric at
2174:
1581:, to reinforce the Great Heathen Army. The reinforced army invaded Wessex and, although Æthelred and Alfred won some victories and succeeded in preventing the conquest of their kingdom, a number of defeats and heavy losses of men compelled Alfred to pay the Danes to leave Wessex. The Danes spent the next few years subduing
1639:
consisting primarily of Saxon jewellery and silver ingots but also coins; the latter date to around 879 CE. According to a news report, "experts believe it was buried by a Viking during a series of raids known to have taken place in the area at that time", while Wessex was ruled by Alfred the Great
950:
However, a war arose in Kent due to a dispute between
Hengest and Vortigern's son. After losing several battles, the Saxons finally defeated the British by treacherously attacking them once the two parties had convened for a meeting. Some additional details of the Hengest and Horsa legend are found
1621:
In 879 a Viking fleet that had assembled in the Thames estuary sailed across the channel to start a new campaign on the continent. The rampaging Viking army on the continent encouraged Alfred to protect his
Kingdom of Wessex. Over the following years Alfred carried out a dramatic reorganisation of
1762:
continued to be attacked by the Danish settlers in
England, and by small Danish raiding forces from overseas, but these incursions were usually defeated, while there were no further major invasions from the continent. The balance of power tipped steadily in favour of the English. In 911 Ealdorman
1334:
During the 8th century Wessex was overshadowed by Mercia, whose power was then at its height, and the West Saxon kings may at times have acknowledged
Mercian overlordship. They were, however, able to avoid the more substantial control which Mercia exerted over smaller kingdoms. During this period
1585:
and some of them settled in
Northumbria, but the rest returned to Wessex in 876. Alfred responded effectively and was able with little fighting to bring about their withdrawal in 877. A portion of the Danish army settled in Mercia, but at the beginning of 878 the remaining Danes mounted a winter
1540:
took advantage of his absence to seize his father's throne. On his return, Æthelwulf agreed to divide the kingdom with his son to avoid bloodshed, ruling the new territories in the east while Æthelbald held the old heartland in the west. Æthelwulf was succeeded by each of his four surviving sons
1838:
in 1016, he established earldoms based on the former kingdoms of
Northumbria, Mercia and East Anglia, but initially administered Wessex personally. Within a few years, however, he had created an earldom of Wessex, encompassing all of England south of the Thames, for his English henchman
1995:
continued to wear the Wessex
Brigade badge until the late 1980s when its individual companies too readopted their parent regular regimental cap badges. The now disbanded West Somerset Yeomanry adopted a Wessex Wyvern rampant as the centre piece for its cap badge, and the current
2083:(whose feast day on 25 May is also celebrated as "Wessex Day") is sometimes flown by Wessex regionalists as an alternative to the Wyvern. The flag is effectively an inverted version of the Cross of Saint George, although it is also thought to have been derived from the arms of
1144:
Celtic, rather than Anglo-Saxon
Germanic, names. The name Cerdic is derived from the British name Caraticos. This may indicate that Cerdic was a native Briton, and that his dynasty became anglicised over time. Other members of the dynasty possessing Celtic names include
886:
There were no conflicts between the
British and the Saxons for a time, but following "a dispute about the supply of provisions" the Saxons warred against the British and severely damaged parts of the country. In time, however, some Saxon troops left Britain; under
698:, an earthwork 10 km (6 mi) long and 100 m (110 yd) wide, which was oriented to the midwinter sunset. Although agriculture and hunting were pursued during this long period, there is little archaeological evidence of human settlements. By the
1640:
and Mercia by
Ceolwulf II. Two imperial coins recovered from the treasure hunters depict the two kings, "indicating an alliance between the two kingdoms—at least, for a time—that was previously unknown to historians", according to the report. A report by
1652:
Alfred also reformed the administration of justice, issued a new law code and championed a revival of scholarship and education. He gathered scholars from around England and elsewhere in Europe to his court, and with their help translated a range of
1699:
1690:
1681:
2154:
minted by him. The heraldic design continued to represent both Wessex and Edward in classical heraldry and is found on a number of church windows in derived shields such as the Arms of the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster
1025:, a British stronghold. The battle appears to have ended as a draw, and the expansion of Wessex ended for about thirty years. This is likely due to losses suffered during the battle and an apparent peace agreement with the Britons.
1830:
in 957, although some historians argue that it was intended from the start that the kingdom would be divided when Edgar came of age, which occurred in 957. Eadwig died in 959 and Edgar became king of the whole of England.
1648:"The presence of both kings on the two emperor coins suggests some sort of pact between the pair. But the rarity of the coins also suggests that Alfred quickly dropped his ally, who was just about written out of history".
1234:'s daughter, and when he repudiated her, Penda again invaded and drove him into exile for some time, perhaps three years. The dates are uncertain but it was probably in the late 640s or early 650s. He spent his exile in
878:
managed to continue for a time without any major disruptions. However, when finally faced with northern invaders, a certain unnamed ruler in Britain (called "a proud tyrant" by Gildas) requested assistance from the
1503:, or high king of Britain. This position of dominance was short-lived, as Wiglaf returned and restored Mercian independence in 830, but the expansion of Wessex across south-eastern England proved permanent.
1067:, who succeeded Cynric in about 581, is the son of Cynric; he usually is named as the father of Cuthwine. Ceawlin's reign is thought to be more reliably documented than those of his predecessors, though the
1726:
The Danish conquests had destroyed the kingdoms of Northumbria and East Anglia and divided Mercia in half, with the Danes settling in the north-east while the south-west was left to the English king
1296:, although Kent regained its independence almost immediately and Sussex followed some years later. His reign ended in 688 when he abdicated and went on pilgrimage to Rome where he was baptised by
2252:
remains a common term for the area. Many organisations that cover the area of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, and Wiltshire use the name Wessex in their company or organisation name; for example
1799:
under Edward's power. In 918 Æthelflæd died and Edward took over direct control of Mercia, extinguishing what remained of its independence and ensuring that henceforth there would be only one
4117:
826:, he told them to manage their own defences. Economic decline occurred after these events: circulation of Roman coins ended and the importation of items from the Roman Empire stopped.
4112:
1513:
raids on Wessex, which occurred frequently from 835 onwards. In 851 a huge Danish army, said to have been carried on 350 ships, arrived in the Thames estuary. Having defeated King
1140:, and in the genealogies of the West Saxon dynasty, is open to considerable doubt. This is largely because the founder of the dynasty and a number of his alleged descendants had
822:
declared himself Augustus of the West, and left for Gaul, taking with him Roman troops. Finally, in 410, when Romano-British officials requested military assistance from Emperor
581:. During his reign Alfred issued a new law code, gathered scholars to his court and was able to devote funds to building ships, organising an army and establishing a system of
1586:
invasion of Wessex, taking Alfred by surprise and overrunning much of the kingdom. Alfred was reduced to taking refuge with a small band of followers in the marshes of the
1565:
In 865, several of the Danish commanders combined their respective forces into one large army and landed in England. Over the following years, what became known as the
288:
1991:
of the 1960s adopted a cap badge featuring the heraldic beast, until the regiments took back up individual regimental badges in the late 1960s. The Territorial Army
1351:
claimed that the Britons and Saxons inhabited Exeter "as equals" until 927.) As a result of the Mercian conquest of the northern portion of its early territories in
1312:. Evidence suggests that Dorset, north Hampshire, eastern Devon and southern Wiltshire were substantially under West Saxon control by the beginning of the reign of
794:
from the north, west and east. The invaders reportedly defeated or co-opted Roman forces in most parts of northern and western Britain. However, the Roman general
1795:, from Mercia to Wessex. Between 913 and 918 a series of English offensives overwhelmed the Danes of Mercia and East Anglia, bringing all of England south of the
1207:
at his accession. However, he too was baptised only a few years later and Wessex became firmly established as a Christian kingdom. Cynegils's godfather was King
2000:
adopted a similar device in 2014 when the Regiment moved from wearing individual squadron county yeomanry cap badges to a unified single Regimental cap badge.
1549:. This occurred because the first two brothers died in wars with the Danes without issue, while Æthelred's sons were too young to rule when their father died.
814:
attempted to restore control, with a campaign against the Picti, but this was undermined in 401 when Stilicho transferred troops to the Continent to fight the
1622:
the government and defences of Wessex, building warships, organising the army into two shifts which served alternately and establishing a system of fortified
1284:, who claimed descent from Ceawlin. Cædwalla reigned for just two years, but achieved a dramatic expansion of the kingdom's power, conquering the kingdoms of
1100:
2296:
810:, ruling Britain, Gaul, Spain and Roman Africa. Following the death of Maximus in 388, Roman authority in Britain again declined. During the late 390s,
802:
defeated further raids. However, there was increasing internal conflict across the Roman Empire. During 383–4, in the context of the overthrow of Emperor
1855:, and as the Norman kings soon did away with the great earldoms of the late Anglo-Saxon period, 1066 marks the extinction of Wessex as a political unit.
1451:. With his accession the throne became firmly established in the hands of a single lineage. Early in his reign he conducted two campaigns against the "
1545:, who had previously inherited the eastern territories from his father and who reunited the kingdom on Æthelbald's death, then Æthelred, and finally
78:
4102:
1162:
819:
1742:. The process by which this transformation of the status of Mercia took place is unknown, but it left Alfred as the only remaining English king.
1730:, allegedly a Danish puppet. When Ceolwulf's rule came to an end he was succeeded as ruler of "English Mercia" not by another king but by a mere
1199:
by a West Saxon king, but it was not accompanied by the immediate conversion of all the West Saxons: Cynegils' successor (and probably his son),
1010:
along with five thousand of his men (though the historicity of Natanleod has been disputed), and Cerdic became the first king of Wessex in 519.
1987:, and postwar regional 43 (Wessex) Brigade adopted a formation sign consisting of a gold wyvern on a black or dark blue background. The regular
2146:
The attributed arms of Wessex are also known as the "Arms of Edward the Confessor", and the design is based on an emblem historically used by
3272:
3251:
3232:
2933:
1133:. The genealogies do not agree on Cynegils' pedigree: his father is variously given as Ceola, Ceolwulf, Ceol, Cuthwine, Cutha or Cuthwulf.
2869:
1594:, bringing about their final withdrawal from Wessex to settle in East Anglia. Simultaneous Danish raids on the north coast of France and
2959:
3303:
1071:
s dates of 560 to 592 are different from the revised chronology. Ceawlin overcame pockets of resisting Britons to the northeast, in the
452:
137:
2825:
870:
1187:, which happened at the end of the 630s, perhaps in 640. Birinus was then established as bishop of the West Saxons, with his seat at
3982:
2687:
2465:
835:
3052:
1764:
2292:
2265:
558:, usurped the throne, the kingdom was divided to avoid war. Æthelwulf was succeeded in turn by his four sons, the youngest being
1960:
in 1911, a (red) dragon had become the accepted heraldic emblem of the former kingdom. This precedent was followed in 1937 when
3447:
3427:
1984:
922:, he adapted Gildas' narrative and added details, such as the names of those involved. To the "proud tyrant" he gave the name
694:). The area has many other earthworks and erected stone monuments from the Neolithic and Early Bronze periods, including the
356:
331:
317:
4092:
2798:
2739:
2662:
2640:
2601:
2584:
2261:
1811:, bringing the whole of England under one ruler for the first time. The Kingdom of Wessex had thus been transformed into the
1944:. Nevertheless, the association with Wessex was only popularised in the 19th century, most notably through the writings of
1175:
It is in Cynegils' reign that the first event in West Saxon history that can be dated with reasonable certainty occurs: the
2281:
1851:
in 1066, Harold became king, reuniting the earldom of Wessex with the crown. No new earl was appointed before the ensuing
1459:
in 825. During the course of these campaigns he conquered the western Britons still in Devon and reduced those beyond the
1347:
control over much of Devon, although Britons retained a degree of independence in Devon until at least the 10th century. (
894:
A lengthy conflict ensued, in which neither side gained any decisive advantage until the Britons routed the Saxons at the
4043:
4020:
2985:
2203:
for their home county of Dorset and its neighbouring counties in the south and west of England. Hardy's Wessex excluded
1063:
Cynric became the ruler of Wessex after Cerdic died in 534, and reigned for twenty-six years. The sources do agree that
898:. After this, there occurred a peaceful period for the Britons, under which Gildas was living at the time he wrote the
4107:
4097:
4087:
1431:(Series K type 32a) dating to 720–750 and minted in Kent. It is edged in a dotted triangle pattern. Its origin is the
983:
landed in southern Hampshire in 495, but this account is not regarded by historians as reliable due to duplication of
852:
Theories about the settlement of Saxons, Jutes and Angles in Britain are divided into two categories by the historian
763:, built another major road that integrated Wessex, running eastwards from Exeter through Dorchester to Winchester and
4034:
3457:
3452:
3442:
2346:
2328:
2004:
1852:
1238:, and was converted to Christianity there. After his return, Cenwealh faced further attacks from Penda's successor
703:
161:
1167:
461:(the latter of which drew on and adapted an early version of the List), which sometimes conflict. Wessex became a
3497:
3432:
3098:
2147:
1920:
1603:
737:
1876:, depicting the death of Harold II, 14 October 1066. His "Wyvern Standard" can be clearly seen at the left side.
4122:
3437:
2269:
2031:
1961:
1735:
1517:
in battle, the Danes moved on to invade Wessex, but were decisively crushed by Egbert's son and successor King
991:. Although the entry mentions Cynric as Cerdic's son, a different source lists him as the son of Cerdic's son,
895:
425:
269:
216:
2188:
2178:
2168:
3296:
3103:
1957:
1411:
1255:
31:
3414:
3329:
2304:
1896:
1840:
1827:
1800:
1235:
947:. The daughter of Hengest, Rowena, later arrived on a ship of reinforcements, and Vortigern married her.
594:
555:
120:
2007:
was granted arms, the sinister supporter assigned was a blue wyvern, described by the College of Arms as
3987:
2826:"MILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF VIKING TREASURE THAT COULD REWRITE HISTORY STOLEN, METAL DETECTORISTS CONVICTED"
2716:
1997:
1965:
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1606:
and Cornish may have resulted in the suppression of Cornish autonomy with the death by drowning of King
1348:
1208:
1014:
971:
953:
457:
2911:
1525:. This victory postponed Danish conquests in England for fifteen years, but raids on Wessex continued.
1313:
3242:
Keynes, Simon (1998). "Alfred and the Mercians". In Blackburn, Mark A.S.; Dumville, David N. (eds.).
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130:
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1843:. For almost fifty years the vastly wealthy holders of this earldom, first Godwin and then his son
1542:
1472:
1364:
1227:
631:
2963:
2847:
554:, a Danish army arrived in the Thames estuary, but was decisively defeated. When Æthelwulf's son,
3914:
3718:
3354:
3289:
2376:
David N. Dumville, 'The West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List and the Chronology of Early Wessex',
1822:. Edmund's sons were young children when he died in 946, so he was succeeded by his full brother
1812:
1662:
1591:
1566:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1130:
1126:
1095:
in 577, after the pause caused by the battle of Mons Badonicus, opened the way to the southwest.
961:
then records subsequent Saxon arrivals, including that of Cerdic, the founder of Wessex, in 495.
931:
853:
823:
745:
613:, who conquered England in 1016, created the wealthy and powerful earldom of Wessex, but in 1066
578:
349:
943:, Hengest and Horsa fought the invaders of Britain under the condition of gaining the Island of
1657:
texts into English, doing much of the work personally, and orchestrated the composition of the
1006:
in 501 and killed a high-ranking British nobleman. In 508, Cerdic and Cynric slew British king
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which was later to form the basis of local administration throughout England (and eventually,
911:
684:
660:
485:
322:
526:
grew, Wessex largely retained its independence. It was during this period that the system of
3419:
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3244:
Kings, currency, and alliances: history and coinage of southern England in the ninth century
2890:
2300:
2239:
2230:
2217:
2113:
2023:
1940:
indicates that an association with an image of a dragon in south west Britain pre-dated the
1937:
1844:
1772:
1611:
1546:
1492:
1448:
1440:
1153:. Cædwalla, who died as late as 689, was the last West Saxon king to possess a Celtic name.
1141:
992:
980:
976:
818:. Two subsequent Roman rulers of Britain were murdered. In 407, a Roman officer in Britain,
807:
795:
791:
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586:
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550:
king. However, Mercian independence was restored in 830. During the reign of his successor,
539:
531:
421:
389:
228:
2934:"Civic Heraldry of England and Wales – Cornwall and Wessex Area – Wiltshire County Council"
774:
In the mid-4th century there were increasing raids on Roman Britain by peoples such as the
4082:
3778:
3673:
3581:
3339:
2277:
2204:
2100:
2084:
2069:
1992:
1964:
was granted arms. Two gold Wessex dragons were later granted as supporters to the arms of
1953:
1926:
1911:
depicts a fallen golden dragon, as well as a red/golden/white dragon at the death of King
1908:
1873:
1847:, were the most powerful men in English politics after the king. Finally, on the death of
1788:
1587:
1522:
1471:. In 825 or 826 he overturned the political order of England by decisively defeating King
1352:
1212:
1076:
779:
676:
656:
574:
489:
157:
1919:. Dragon standards were in fairly wide use in Europe at the time, being derived from the
1768:
609:, conquered Northumbria in 927, and England became a unified kingdom for the first time.
602:
3192:
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3140:
2960:"Civic Heraldry of England and Wales – Cornwall and Wessex Area – Dorset County Council"
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to the Kings of Wessex. These arms appear in a manuscript of the 13th century, and are
2027:
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1218:
These attacks marked the beginning of sustained pressure from the expanding kingdom of
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Wessex continued its gradual advance to the west, overwhelming the British kingdom of
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with attached farms were established across Wessex, along with the important towns of
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1818:Æthelstan never married and when he died in 939 he was succeeded by his half-brother
1784:
1590:, but after a few months he was able to gather an army and defeated the Danes at the
1320:
1301:
1293:
1053:
1048:. The thirty-year period of peace was temporarily interrupted when, according to the
1022:
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across the kingdom. This system is recorded in a 10th-century document known as the
840:
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1661:. As a result of these literary efforts and the political dominance of Wessex, the
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462:
432:
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are minor groups seeking increased political autonomy for the region. A number of
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Unification of England and Defeat of the Danelaw in the 10th century under Wessex.
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J.N.L. Myres (1989) The English Settlements. Oxford University Press, pp. 146–147
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as well) originated in Wessex, and had been established by the mid-8th century.
1367:
now probably formed the northern boundary of Wessex, while its heartland lay in
1356:
1304:
appears to have been fortified around this period, and the former Roman Road at
1281:
1150:
1084:
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741:
547:
515:. The throne subsequently passed to a series of kings with unknown genealogies.
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30:"West Saxons" redirects here. For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxons, see
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broke away from Mercian control. In 829 he conquered Mercia, driving its King
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into exile, and secured acknowledgement of his overlordship from the king of
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continues, stating that "Port, and his two sons Bieda and Mægla", landed at
923:
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and his conversion may have been connected with an alliance against King
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states that the Saxons were completely defeated in the battle, in which
573:, but were forced to withdraw. In 878 they forced Alfred to flee to the
569:
in 871, and Alfred was compelled to pay them to leave. They returned in
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J.T. Koch (2006) Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO,
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1230:, encouraging the kingdom's reorientation southwards. Cenwealh married
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1146:
1064:
1041:
936:
803:
719:
668:
566:
466:
444:
336:
2596:
J.T. Koch (2006) Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO,
1614:. No subsequent 'Kings' of Cornwall are recorded after this time, but
3838:
3798:
3748:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3621:
3601:
3596:
3566:
3561:
3539:
3349:
3344:
2212:
2192:
2108:
2104:
1900:
1885:
1881:
1823:
1796:
1776:
1759:
1582:
1510:
1480:
1468:
1380:
1360:
1309:
1285:
1223:
1219:
1033:
880:
865:
787:
768:
715:
535:
523:
512:
448:
440:
436:
191:
109:
2215:, which he called "Christminster", was visited as part of Wessex in
1427:
and it weighs 36 g (1.3 oz). Embedded with an Anglo-Saxon
1222:. In time this would deprive Wessex of its territories north of the
1439:
In 802 the fortunes of Wessex were transformed by the accession of
3875:
3865:
3743:
3376:
2173:
2172:
2013:
1970:
1867:
1749:
1738:, who acknowledged Alfred's overlordship and married his daughter
1654:
1615:
1556:
1484:
1428:
1410:
1396:
1388:
1340:
1231:
1166:
1118:, or "Britain-ruler". Ceawlin was deposed, perhaps by his nephew,
988:
839:
815:
775:
753:
679:, but the final phase of Stonehenge was erected by the so-called "
641:
527:
1929:, and there is no evidence that it explicitly identified Wessex.
910:
One of the "English" traditions about the Saxon arrival concerns
3668:
1835:
1624:
1618:
records Cornwall as a separate kingdom from Wessex in the 890s.
1533:
1424:
1308:
blocked by the Britons to prevent the West Saxons' advance into
1289:
1125:
Six years later, in about 594, Ceol was succeeded by a brother,
1119:
1013:
The Saxons attacked Cerdicesford in 519, intending to cross the
915:
617:
reunited the earldom with the crown and Wessex ceased to exist.
582:
3285:
1273:. Centwine is known to have fought and won battles against the
2009:"an heraldic beast which has long been associated with Wessex"
1447:
of the ruling dynasty that claimed descent from Ine's brother
598:
570:
1280:
Centwine was succeeded by another supposed distant relative,
790:, as well as the Saxons. In 367, these tribes simultaneously
3193:"Dorset Council leader confirms devolution partnership plan"
3167:"Dorset Council devolution deal plan vague, councillors say"
2540:
See the "Genealogical Tables" in the appendices to Swanton,
2018:
Crampton's 70's flag, designed for the modern Wessex region.
1697:
1688:
1679:
3227:(3. ed., repr ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
2732:
The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: the Middle Ages
546:, were conquered. He also obtained the overlordship of the
647:
of the area that would become Wessex was traversed by the
2870:"Detectorists stole Viking hoard that 'rewrites history'"
2848:"Detectorists stole Viking hoard that 'rewrites history'"
1541:
ruling one after another: the rebellious Æthelbald, then
987:
entries and evidence that the area was first occupied by
891:, the British subsequently defeated those who remained.
451:. The two main sources for the history of Wessex are the
3141:"Dorset Council asked to support joint devolution talks"
926:, and the Saxon commanders he named Hengest and Horsa.
1258:
was soon abandoned as Mercian power pushed southwards.
798:
had recaptured most areas by the end of 368. In 380–1,
3119:"BBC Two announces new drama series, The Last Kingdom"
2079:
A white cross on a field of red, known as the Flag of
1675:
874:. In brief, it states that after the Romans left, the
4018:
1598:
occurred in the 870s – prior to the establishment of
1112:
later repeated this claim, referring to Ceawlin as a
1758:
After the invasions of the 890s, Wessex and English
3975:
3468:
3397:
3322:
3246:. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 1–46.
1665:of this period became the standard written form of
370:
284:
266:
251:
239:
222:
210:
198:
175:
156:
146:
126:
116:
88:
41:
3063:College of Arms MS L.14, dating from the reign of
2730:Hooper, Nicholas Hooper; Bennett, Matthew (1996).
2413:
2401:
2389:
2225:, which is known in the novels as "North Wessex".
1983:the wyvern has been used to represent Wessex: the
1771:, in charge of Mercia. Alfred's son and successor
1635:In 2015, two individuals found a large hoard near
1316:in 685, but details of their conquest is unclear.
1265:, held the throne for a year; she was followed by
1098:Ceawlin is one of the seven kings named in Bede's
1032:is believed to have been fought around this time.
4118:States and territories disestablished in the 880s
2779:Albert S. Cook, Asser's life of King Alfred, 1906
1834:After the conquest of England by the Danish king
1602:in 911 – and recorded Danish alliances with both
1415:Anglo-Saxon–Viking coin weight, used for trading
1242:, but was able to expand West Saxon territory in
1171:The Celtic and Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in around 600
27:Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the south of Great Britain
2756:"Celtic Kingdoms of the British Isles: Dumnonii"
2633:Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England,
2570:, Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies, 33, pp, 1–8.
2238:is the primary setting, focusing on the rule of
1746:Unification of England and the Earldom of Wessex
1129:, who was succeeded in his turn in about 617 by
759:, "a military camp"). The Romans, or rather the
659:near Dover, and was probably connected with the
2992:. Royal.gov.uk. 28 October 2010. Archived from
2680:Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England
2458:Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England
2163:Cultural and political identity in modern times
929:Further details were added to the story in the
4113:States and territories established in the 510s
2734:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–23.
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
3297:
2791:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
2505:"Cerdicesford" is known with certainty to be
2072:, of which Saint Aldhelm was the first bishop
1779:and the surrounding area, probably including
1203:, who came to the throne in about 642, was a
597:from the Danes and became ruler of Mercia in
8:
3079:by Winston Churchill, published in 1675 and
2276:units also use the name Wessex, such as the
2034:which depicts a gold wyvern on a red field.
1101:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
920:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
740:, from the 1st century AD, numerous country
447:, though this is considered by some to be a
268:• Alfred the Great declares himself as
3221:Hunter Blair, Peter; Keynes, Simon (2006).
2901:, Vol. 8, No. 2. (Apr., 1933), pp. 223–235.
1767:died, leaving his widow, Alfred's daughter
3304:
3290:
3282:
1719:Wessex and areas under its control in 897.
1714:Wessex and areas under its control in 886.
1709:Wessex and areas under its control in 871.
1506:Egbert's later years saw the beginning of
1261:After Cenwealh's death in 673, his widow,
511:codes and established a second West Saxon
77:
38:
3029:"Banners of English saints: St. Aldhelm"
3027:Tomislav Todorovic (17 September 2016).
4025:
3091:
3089:
2357:
1487:from the Mercians, while with his help
1407:Hegemony of Wessex and the Viking raids
1250:. He established a second bishopric at
1163:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
856:(1956), namely "Welsh" and "English".
115:
3518:Bilmingas (part of south Lincolnshire)
3224:An introduction to Anglo-Saxon England
2555:Language and History in Early Britain.
2364:
1215:, who had previously attacked Wessex.
864:The Welsh tradition is exemplified by
577:, but were eventually defeated at the
507:), issued one of the oldest surviving
2962:. Civicheraldry.co.uk. Archived from
2936:. Civicheraldry.co.uk. Archived from
2568:British Caraticos, Old English Cerdic
2557:Edinburgh. pp. 554, 557, 613 and 680.
2425:
1277:, but the details have not survived.
1044:. This defeat is not recorded in the
265:
250:
246:
221:
209:
197:
174:
170:
155:
83:Southern Britain in the ninth century
7:
2986:"The Arms of the Countess of Wessex"
435:believed that Wessex was founded by
2297:Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole
844:Imaginary depiction of Cerdic from
453:West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List
2814:The Burghal Hidage: Alfred's Towns
2717:"BBC – History – Alfred the Great"
2228:In the book and television series
2159:, which was founded by the king).
1573:and East Anglia. Then in 871, the
1455:", first in 813 and then again at
900:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae
871:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae
542:, and Mercia, along with parts of
25:
3983:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
2793:(3rd ed.). OUP. p. 57.
2284:– known as the 'Wessex Gunners'.
1017:and block a road which connected
935:, which was partially written by
836:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
651:, which can still be traced from
480:and was expanded under his rule.
4028:
2872:. The Guardian. 21 November 2019
2414:Hunter Blair & Keynes (2006)
2402:Hunter Blair & Keynes (2006)
2390:Hunter Blair & Keynes (2006)
2321:
2266:Wessex Constitutional Convention
2061:
2046:
1880:Wessex is often symbolised by a
752:(the ending -chester comes from
655:in Cornwall to the coast of the
354:
329:
315:
3264:Wessex in the Early Middle Ages
3083:by G W Collen published in 1833
2895:The Dragons of Wessex and Wales
2460:. Routledge. pp. 130–131.
1985:43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division
1975:Wessex Division Formation patch
1907:in 752 by the West Saxons. The
1561:England in the late 9th century
1108:over the southern English: the
518:During the 8th century, as the
502:
471:
4103:Peoples of Anglo-Saxon England
2657:. Dovecote Press. p. 19.
2262:Wessex Institute of Technology
1948:. By the time of the grant of
1903:being raised at the Battle of
1136:The tradition embodied in the
601:upon the death of his sister,
1:
2282:32nd Regiment Royal Artillery
2191:as a setting for many of his
2026:, the founder of the British
1536:and his eldest surviving son
1528:In 855–856 Æthelwulf went on
688:
257:
178:
93:
66:
2850:. BBC News. 21 November 2019
2828:. Newsweek. 22 November 2019
1803:. In 927 Edward's successor
1569:overwhelmed the kingdoms of
1521:in the exceptionally bloody
1343:). At this time Wessex took
1327:, covering the area west of
722:occupied the future Wessex.
474: 642–645, 648–672
59:Regnum Occidentalium Saxonum
3117:Una Maguire (9 July 2014).
1435:region and dates to 870–930
1052:, the Saxons conquered the
4139:
3945:Sumortūnsǣte and Glestinga
3017:. Retrieved 26 August 2015
3015:The Flag Institute: Wessex
2682:. Routledge. p. 137.
2347:List of monarchs of Wessex
2329:Anglo-Saxon England portal
2166:
2030:, designed a flag for the
2005:Sophie, Countess of Wessex
1853:Norman Conquest of England
1610:in 875 as recorded by the
1300:and died soon afterwards.
1160:
1157:Christianisation of Wessex
1122:, and died a year later.
1040:participated according to
833:
729:
667:, the ceremonial sites of
629:
565:Wessex was invaded by the
403:Kingdom of the West Saxons
43:Kingdom of the West Saxons
29:
3099:Oxford English Dictionary
3053:Wessex flag flying advice
2914:. Somerset County Council
2653:Hinton, David A. (1998).
2148:King Edward the Confessor
1925:standard employed by the
1696:
1687:
1678:
965:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
848:'s 1611 "Saxon Heptarchy"
738:Roman conquest of Britain
294:
280:
247:
235:
171:
76:
65:
2270:Wessex Regionalist Party
2242:and the war against the
1962:Wiltshire County Council
1932:A panel of 18th century
1499:. He thereby became the
1056:in 530 at a battle near
896:Battle of Mons Badonicus
426:King of the Anglo-Saxons
420:, from around 519 until
270:King of the Anglo-Saxons
3261:Yorke, Barbara (1995).
3104:Oxford University Press
2678:Yorke, Barbara (2002).
2613:Yorke 1995, pp. 190–191
2553:Kenneth Jackson (1953)
2456:Yorke, Barbara (1990).
2150:on the reverse side of
2091:Attributed coat of arms
1958:Somerset County Council
1775:, then annexed London,
1479:and seizing control of
883:in exchange for land.
589:, captured the eastern
530:was established. Under
117:Official languages
50:
32:Wessex (disambiguation)
2789:Sawyer, Peter (2001).
2195:, adopting his friend
2181:
2038:Cross of Saint Aldhelm
2019:
1976:
1897:Matthew of Westminster
1877:
1841:Godwin, Earl of Wessex
1801:Kingdom of the English
1755:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1650:
1562:
1436:
1246:at the expense of the
1172:
849:
830:Anglo-Saxon settlement
121:West Saxon Old English
58:
4093:886 disestablishments
3988:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
3597:Nox-gaga and Oht-gaga
2542:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
2446:Blair 2003, pp. 14–16
2437:Blair 2003, pp. 13–14
2179:Thomas Hardy's Wessex
2176:
2169:Thomas Hardy's Wessex
2017:
1998:Royal Wessex Yeomanry
1974:
1966:Dorset County Council
1915:, who was previously
1871:
1753:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1659:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1646:
1560:
1467:, to the status of a
1414:
1349:William of Malmesbury
1209:Oswald of Northumbria
1191:. This was the first
1170:
1138:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
972:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
954:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
906:The English tradition
843:
704:Celtic British tribes
458:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
92:Independent kingdom (
3632:Frithuwald's Sūþrīge
2704:Early Wars of Wessex
2655:Saxons & Vikings
2520:Early Wars of Wessex
2295:named "Wessex" with
2189:fictionalised Wessex
1849:Edward the Confessor
1669:for the rest of the
1553:Last English kingdom
1515:Beorhtwulf of Mercia
1189:Dorchester-on-Thames
889:Ambrosius Aurelianus
808:Augustus of the West
424:declared himself as
405:, also known as the
134:(before 7th century)
4055: /
4035:Anglo-Saxon England
2996:on 22 February 2008
2966:on 20 November 2016
2940:on 20 November 2016
2566:Parsons, D. (1997)
2291:proposed to form a
2053:Flag attributed to
1893:Henry of Huntingdon
1673:period and beyond.
1483:, Sussex, Kent and
1473:Beornwulf of Mercia
1254:, while the one at
939:. According to the
860:The Welsh tradition
692: 1600–1200 BC
632:Prehistoric Britain
626:Prehistoric Britain
253:• Established
141:(after 7th century)
4108:Regions of England
4098:Historical regions
4088:519 establishments
3424:Lists of monarchs
3199:. 16 December 2023
3033:Flags of the World
2912:"The Coat of Arms"
2631:Yorke, B. (1990),
2380:, 4 (1985), 21–66.
2293:devolved authority
2211:, but the city of
2182:
2020:
1977:
1878:
1813:Kingdom of England
1756:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1663:West Saxon dialect
1592:Battle of Edington
1567:Great Heathen Army
1563:
1437:
1423:. The material is
1319:His successor was
1314:Cædwalla of Wessex
1271:Centwine of Wessex
1173:
1131:Cynegils of Wessex
932:Historia Brittonum
854:Peter Hunter Blair
850:
675:were completed on
579:Battle of Edington
350:Kingdom of England
4016:
4015:
4003:Mercian Supremacy
3513:Spalda (Spalding)
3274:978-0-7185-1856-1
3267:. A&C Black.
3253:978-0-8511-5598-2
3234:978-0-521-53777-3
3173:. 18 October 2023
2760:The History Files
2702:Major, Albany F.
2522:(1912), pp. 11–20
2518:Major, Albany F.
2157:Westminster Abbey
2121:(alternatively a
1950:armorial bearings
1899:talk of a golden
1724:
1723:
1575:Great Summer Army
1083:. The capture of
969:According to the
912:Hengest and Horsa
685:Middle Bronze Age
661:ancient tin trade
496:. His successor,
407:Kingdom of Wessex
399:
398:
366:
365:
362:
361:
342:
341:
323:Sub-Roman Britain
16:(Redirected from
4130:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4024:
3420:Wiglaf of Mercia
3306:
3299:
3292:
3283:
3278:
3257:
3238:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3147:. 9 October 2023
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3102:(2nd ed.).
3093:
3084:
3081:Britannia Saxona
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2908:
2902:
2891:J. S. P. Tatlock
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2822:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2719:. www.bbc.co.uk.
2713:
2707:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2650:
2644:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2605:
2594:
2588:
2577:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2510:
2509:. (Major, p. 11)
2503:
2497:
2496:Yorke 2002, p. 4
2494:
2488:
2485:
2472:
2471:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2367:, p. 23-24.
2362:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2240:Alfred the Great
2231:The Last Kingdom
2218:Jude the Obscure
2068:Coat of arms of
2065:
2050:
2024:William Crampton
1938:Exeter Cathedral
1927:later Roman army
1864:Wyvern or dragon
1845:Harold Godwinson
1773:Edward the Elder
1676:
1612:Annales Cambriae
1547:Alfred the Great
1443:who came from a
1387:. The system of
993:Creoda of Wessex
981:Cynric of Wessex
977:Cerdic of Wessex
693:
690:
615:Harold Godwinson
605:. Edward's son,
585:. Alfred's son,
560:Alfred the Great
538:, Sussex, Kent,
506:
504:
484:later conquered
475:
473:
422:Alfred the Great
416:in the south of
392:
390:Southern England
381:
358:
357:
346:
345:
333:
332:
319:
318:
312:
311:
296:
295:
262:
259:
229:Alfred the Great
187:
183:
180:
142:
135:
102:
98:
95:
81:
71:
68:
39:
21:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4123:Former kingdoms
4073:
4072:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4019:
4017:
4012:
3971:
3464:
3393:
3318:
3310:
3275:
3260:
3254:
3241:
3235:
3220:
3217:
3212:
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3200:
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3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3165:
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3160:
3150:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3077:Divi Britannici
3075:For example in
3074:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2984:
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2979:
2969:
2967:
2958:
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2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2889:
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2801:
2788:
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2774:
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2753:
2749:
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2729:
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2724:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2635:London: Seaby,
2630:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2595:
2591:
2578:
2574:
2565:
2561:
2552:
2548:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2517:
2513:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2475:
2468:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2278:Wessex Regiment
2205:Gloucestershire
2171:
2165:
2093:
2085:Sherborne Abbey
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:Sherborne Abbey
2066:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2040:
1993:Wessex Regiment
1954:College of Arms
1909:Bayeux Tapestry
1874:Bayeux Tapestry
1866:
1861:
1789:Buckinghamshire
1748:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1588:Somerset Levels
1555:
1523:Battle of Aclea
1409:
1353:Gloucestershire
1213:Penda of Mercia
1165:
1159:
1077:Gloucestershire
967:
908:
862:
838:
832:
820:Constantine III
792:invaded Britain
780:Scottish people
734:
728:
691:
677:Salisbury Plain
657:English Channel
634:
628:
623:
575:Somerset Levels
501:
470:
395:
384:
377:
355:
330:
316:
273:
260:
254:
225:
224:• 871–886
213:
212:• 802–839
201:
200:• 688–726
188:
185:
181:
140:
136:
133:
104:
100:
96:
84:
69:
61:
53:
51:Ƿestseaxna rīċe
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Wessex, England
15:
12:
11:
5:
4136:
4134:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4075:
4074:
4038:
4037:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3993:Burghal Hidage
3990:
3985:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3474:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3273:
3258:
3252:
3239:
3233:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3184:
3158:
3132:
3109:
3085:
3068:
3056:
3045:
3019:
3007:
2977:
2951:
2925:
2903:
2883:
2861:
2839:
2817:
2806:
2799:
2781:
2772:
2747:
2740:
2722:
2708:
2695:
2688:
2670:
2663:
2645:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2589:
2572:
2559:
2546:
2533:
2524:
2511:
2498:
2489:
2473:
2466:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2404:, pp. 2–3
2394:
2382:
2369:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2342:Earl of Wessex
2339:
2333:
2332:
2316:
2313:
2305:North Somerset
2289:Dorset Council
2197:William Barnes
2167:Main article:
2164:
2161:
2092:
2089:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2028:Flag Institute
1989:Wessex Brigade
1917:Earl of Wessex
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1747:
1744:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1630:Burghal Hidage
1554:
1551:
1408:
1405:
1329:Selwood Forest
1298:Pope Sergius I
1228:(Bristol) Avon
1161:Main article:
1158:
1155:
1030:Mons Badonicus
1028:The battle of
966:
963:
907:
904:
876:Celtic Britons
861:
858:
834:Main article:
831:
828:
800:Magnus Maximus
761:Romano-British
736:Following the
730:Main article:
727:
724:
681:Wessex culture
665:Late Neolithic
630:Main article:
627:
624:
622:
619:
611:Cnut the Great
505: 689–726
465:kingdom after
397:
396:
394:
393:
382:
379:United Kingdom
374:
372:
368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
352:
343:
340:
339:
334:
326:
325:
320:
308:
307:
302:
292:
291:
286:
282:
281:
278:
277:
274:
267:
264:
263:
255:
252:
249:
248:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
233:
232:
226:
223:
220:
219:
214:
211:
208:
207:
202:
199:
196:
195:
189:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
90:
86:
85:
82:
74:
73:
63:
62:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4135:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4071:
4068:
4036:
4026:
4022:
4009:
4008:Tribal Hidage
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Southumbrians
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:Middle Angles
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:Andredes Leag
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Middle Saxons
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3276:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3008:
2995:
2991:
2990:Royal Insight
2987:
2981:
2978:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2884:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2689:9781134707256
2685:
2681:
2674:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2604:, pp. 392–393
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2587:, pp. 394–395
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2467:9781134707249
2463:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2135:between four
2132:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2118:cross patoncé
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:Saint Aldhelm
2071:
2064:
2056:
2055:Saint Aldhelm
2049:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2032:Wessex region
2029:
2025:
2022:In the 1970s
2016:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1946:E. A. Freeman
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:stained glass
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1785:Hertfordshire
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1752:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1577:arrived from
1576:
1572:
1568:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:Isle of Wight
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1164:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1054:Isle of Wight
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1023:Badbury Rings
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:
964:
962:
960:
956:
955:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
905:
903:
901:
897:
892:
890:
884:
882:
877:
873:
872:
867:
859:
857:
855:
847:
842:
837:
829:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
733:
732:Roman Britain
726:Roman Britain
725:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:Dorset Cursus
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
643:
639:
633:
625:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
499:
495:
494:Isle of Wight
491:
487:
483:
479:
468:
464:
460:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
418:Great Britain
415:
412:
408:
404:
391:
388:
383:
380:
376:
375:
373:
371:Today part of
369:
353:
351:
348:
347:
344:
338:
335:
328:
327:
324:
321:
314:
313:
310:
309:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
293:
290:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
256:
242:
238:
234:
230:
227:
218:
215:
206:
203:
193:
190:
166:
163:
159:
152:
149:
145:
139:
132:
129:
125:
122:
119:
111:
107:
91:
87:
80:
75:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4040:
3894:
3882:
3861:Northumbria:
3860:
3804:South Engele
3698:
3674:Ceasterware
3648:
3567:Godhelmingas
3556:
3524:
3478:East Anglia:
3477:
3388:
3360:Middel Seaxe
3263:
3243:
3223:
3215:Bibliography
3201:. Retrieved
3196:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3170:
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3144:
3135:
3123:. Retrieved
3112:
3097:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3059:
3048:
3036:. Retrieved
3032:
3022:
3010:
2998:. Retrieved
2994:the original
2989:
2980:
2968:. Retrieved
2964:the original
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2938:the original
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2906:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2864:
2852:. Retrieved
2842:
2830:. Retrieved
2820:
2809:
2790:
2784:
2775:
2763:. Retrieved
2759:
2750:
2731:
2725:
2711:
2703:
2698:
2679:
2673:
2654:
2648:
2632:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2592:
2575:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2549:
2541:
2536:
2531:Major, p. 19
2527:
2519:
2514:
2501:
2492:
2457:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2428:, p. 11
2426:Yorke (1995)
2421:
2409:
2397:
2385:
2377:
2372:
2360:
2286:
2274:British Army
2258:Wessex Water
2249:
2248:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2216:
2200:
2185:Thomas Hardy
2183:
2145:
2134:
2130:cross moline
2128:
2124:cross fleury
2122:
2112:
2103:by medieval
2097:coat of arms
2094:
2078:
2021:
2008:
2002:
1981:British Army
1978:
1931:
1921:
1890:
1879:
1833:
1817:
1757:
1725:
1651:
1647:
1642:The Guardian
1634:
1623:
1620:
1564:
1527:
1505:
1445:cadet branch
1438:
1333:
1318:
1306:Ackling Dyke
1302:Bokeley Dyke
1279:
1260:
1217:
1197:Christianity
1174:
1137:
1135:
1124:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1068:
1062:
1049:
1045:
1027:
1012:
999:
997:
984:
979:and his son
970:
968:
958:
952:
949:
940:
930:
928:
919:
909:
899:
893:
885:
869:
863:
851:
773:
756:
735:
706:such as the
640:onwards the
635:
564:
548:Northumbrian
517:
456:
433:Anglo-Saxons
430:
406:
402:
400:
386:
305:Succeeded by
304:
299:
138:Christianity
106:Client state
36:
4062: /
3854:Wreocensæte
3779:North Engle
3764:Lindisfaras
3734:Cilternsæte
3694:Modingahema
3448:Northumbria
3428:East Anglia
3367:Northumbria
3330:East Anglia
3313:Anglo-Saxon
3000:28 November
2876:24 November
2854:24 November
2832:24 November
2765:27 December
2487:Giles, p. 9
2416:, p. 3
2392:, p. 2
2365:Keynes 1998
2209:Oxfordshire
1809:Northumbria
1793:Oxfordshire
1671:Anglo-Saxon
1667:Old English
1579:Scandinavia
1571:Northumbria
1497:Northumbria
1489:East Anglia
1461:River Tamar
1357:Oxfordshire
1236:East Anglia
1104:as holding
1085:Cirencester
1058:Carisbrooke
1038:King Arthur
742:Roman villa
595:East Anglia
509:English law
411:Anglo-Saxon
300:Preceded by
47:Old English
4077:Categories
4059:51.2°N 2°W
3940:Sumorsaete
3925:Glastening
3910:Brycgstowl
3888:Haestingas
3871:Beodarsæte
3824:Stoppingas
3819:Spaldingas
3794:Pencersæte
3739:Duddensæte
3724:Beormingas
3719:Banesbyrig
3654:Andredsley
3627:Pæding-tun
3612:Waeclingas
3572:Haueringas
3545:Caningaege
3540:Daenningas
3530:Brahhingas
3503:Herstingas
3415:Frithuwald
3096:"Wessex".
2918:14 January
2800:0192854348
2741:0521440491
2664:1874336504
2643:pp.138–139
2641:1852640278
2602:1851094407
2585:1851094407
2311:councils.
2254:Wessex Bus
2101:attributed
2087:, Dorset.
1942:Victorians
1807:conquered
1740:Ethelfleda
1644:adds that
1637:Leominster
1530:pilgrimage
1453:West Welsh
1421:hacksilver
1256:Dorchester
1252:Winchester
1193:conversion
1106:"imperium"
1089:Gloucester
1069:Chronicle'
1015:River Avon
1004:Portsmouth
918:wrote his
846:John Speed
796:Theodosius
767:and on to
765:Silchester
750:Winchester
746:Dorchester
708:Durotriges
673:Stonehenge
649:Harrow Way
261: 519
186: 534
184: – c.
182: 519
147:Government
103:; 648–886)
101: 645
99: – c.
97: 519
70: 519
3955:Wiltsaete
3950:Sunningas
3935:Rēadingas
3915:Dornsaete
3900:Eorlingas
3866:Elmetsæte
3844:Weorgoran
3829:Sweordora
3809:Snotingas
3799:Reagesate
3769:Magonsæte
3754:Glestinga
3689:Limenwara
3679:Eastorege
3622:Woccingas
3577:Hroðingas
3562:Gillingas
3405:Bretwalda
3316:heptarchy
3203:24 August
3177:24 August
3151:24 August
3065:Henry III
2353:Footnotes
2337:Heptarchy
2309:Wiltshire
2287:In 2023,
2223:Berkshire
1968:in 1950.
1913:Harold II
1805:Æthelstan
1781:Middlesex
1769:Æthelflæd
1736:Aethelred
1732:ealdorman
1543:Æthelbert
1538:Æthelbald
1519:Æthelwulf
1501:Bretwalda
1457:Gafulford
1377:Berkshire
1373:Wiltshire
1369:Hampshire
1325:Sherborne
1142:Brittonic
1115:bretwalda
1110:Chronicle
1073:Chilterns
1050:Chronicle
1046:Chronicle
1019:Old Sarum
1008:Natanleod
1000:Chronicle
985:Chronicle
959:Chronicle
924:Vortigern
784:Attacotti
712:Atrebates
683:" of the
663:. In the
638:Neolithic
636:From the
607:Æthelstan
603:Æthelflæd
556:Æthelbald
552:Æthelwulf
513:bishopric
463:Christian
409:, was an
127:Religion
112:(645–648)
4064:51.2; -2
3976:See also
3960:Wihtwara
3930:Meonwara
3905:Basingas
3849:Westerne
3759:Husmerae
3709:Æbbingas
3704:Ælfingas
3669:Cantware
3664:Boroware
3642:Deningei
3637:Dæningas
3607:Tewingas
3602:Tetingas
3550:Gegingas
3470:Regiones
3410:Iclingas
3398:Monarchs
3372:Bernicia
3323:Kingdoms
3197:BBC News
3171:BBC News
3145:BBC News
3038:13 April
2970:6 August
2944:6 August
2899:Speculum
2507:Charford
2315:See also
2301:Somerset
2137:martlets
2109:blazoned
1765:Æthelred
1728:Ceolwulf
1608:Donyarth
1600:Normandy
1596:Brittany
1477:Ellendun
1465:Cornwall
1401:Scotland
1385:Somerset
1363:and the
1345:de facto
1337:Dumnonia
1292:and the
1282:Cædwalla
1263:Seaxburh
1244:Somerset
1240:Wulfhere
1226:and the
1201:Cenwealh
1181:Cynegils
1151:Cædwalla
1127:Ceolwulf
1081:Somerset
941:Historia
824:Honorius
812:Stilicho
700:Iron Age
653:Marazion
645:downland
591:Midlands
544:Dumnonia
520:hegemony
492:and the
482:Cædwalla
478:baptised
455:and the
428:in 886.
285:Currency
217:Ecgberht
151:Monarchy
131:Paganism
4047:51°12′N
3998:Danelaw
3920:Gewisse
3895:Wessex:
3883:Sussex:
3839:Undaium
3834:Tomsæte
3789:Pecsæte
3729:Bilsæte
3714:Arosæte
3699:Mercia:
3592:Haering
3508:Ikelgas
3488:Suffolk
3483:Norfolk
3355:Lindsey
3125:24 July
3106:. 1989.
2706:, p.105
2378:Peritia
2244:Vikings
2199:' term
2187:used a
2177:map of
2152:pennies
2105:heralds
1979:In the
1952:by the
1905:Burford
1859:Symbols
1604:Bretons
1433:Danelaw
1417:bullion
1393:Ireland
1275:Britons
1267:Æscwine
1248:Britons
1185:Birinus
1177:baptism
1147:Ceawlin
1065:Ceawlin
1042:Nennius
951:in the
937:Nennius
914:. When
804:Gratian
720:Dobunni
669:Avebury
621:History
467:Cenwalh
445:Gewisse
443:of the
414:kingdom
337:Gewisse
240:History
194:(first)
177:•
4083:Wessex
4050:2°00′W
4021:Portal
3965:Ytenes
3876:Loidis
3784:Pecset
3749:Gyrwas
3684:Lympne
3557:Surrey
3525:Essex:
3458:Wessex
3453:Sussex
3443:Mercia
3389:Wessex
3384:Sussex
3350:Hwicce
3345:Mercia
3271:
3250:
3231:
2797:
2738:
2686:
2661:
2639:
2600:
2583:
2464:
2280:, and
2264:. The
2260:, and
2250:Wessex
2236:Wessex
2213:Oxford
2201:Wessex
2193:novels
1901:dragon
1886:dragon
1882:wyvern
1824:Eadred
1820:Edmund
1797:Humber
1777:Oxford
1760:Mercia
1583:Mercia
1511:Viking
1508:Danish
1493:Wiglaf
1481:Surrey
1469:vassal
1463:, now
1449:Ingild
1441:Egbert
1389:shires
1381:Dorset
1361:Thames
1359:, the
1310:Dorset
1286:Sussex
1224:Thames
1220:Mercia
1034:Gildas
957:. The
945:Thanet
881:Saxons
866:Gildas
788:Franks
786:, and
769:London
757:castra
716:Belgae
587:Edward
536:Surrey
532:Egbert
528:shires
524:Mercia
486:Sussex
476:) was
449:legend
441:Cynric
437:Cerdic
385:
243:
231:(last)
192:Cerdic
167:
110:Mercia
89:Status
3744:Gaini
3649:Kent:
3498:Gywre
3433:Essex
3377:Deira
3335:Essex
3121:. BBC
2114:Azure
2003:When
1922:draco
1891:Both
1828:Edgar
1655:Latin
1625:burhs
1616:Asser
1485:Essex
1429:sceat
1397:Wales
1341:Devon
1232:Penda
1205:pagan
989:Jutes
868:, in
816:Goths
776:Picts
754:Latin
642:chalk
583:burhs
567:Danes
540:Essex
289:Penny
55:Latin
3617:Tota
3582:Haka
3535:Beda
3493:Elge
3438:Kent
3340:Kent
3269:ISBN
3248:ISBN
3229:ISBN
3205:2024
3179:2024
3153:2024
3127:2014
3040:2023
3002:2010
2972:2011
2946:2011
2920:2008
2878:2019
2856:2019
2834:2019
2795:ISBN
2767:2015
2736:ISBN
2684:ISBN
2659:ISBN
2637:ISBN
2598:ISBN
2581:ISBN
2462:ISBN
2307:and
2268:and
2207:and
2116:, a
2099:was
1895:and
1872:The
1836:Cnut
1791:and
1534:Rome
1425:lead
1419:and
1399:and
1383:and
1365:Avon
1355:and
1290:Kent
1149:and
1120:Ceol
1093:Bath
1091:and
1079:and
1021:and
998:The
916:Bede
748:and
718:and
671:and
593:and
490:Kent
439:and
431:The
401:The
162:List
158:King
72:–886
2897:in
2127:or
2111:as
1956:to
1936:at
1884:or
1532:to
1475:at
1321:Ine
1195:to
1183:by
1179:of
995:.
902:.
599:918
571:876
522:of
498:Ine
276:886
205:Ine
108:of
4079::
3195:.
3169:.
3143:.
3088:^
3031:.
2988:.
2893:,
2758:.
2476:^
2303:,
2299:,
2256:,
2246:.
2234:,
2143:.
2140:Or
2133:)
2095:A
2011:.
1888:.
1815:.
1787:,
1783:,
1734:,
1395:,
1379:,
1375:,
1371:,
1288:,
1087:,
1075:,
1060:.
975:,
782:,
778:,
771:.
714:,
710:,
702:,
689:c.
562:.
534:,
503:r.
488:,
472:r.
272:.
258:c.
179:c.
94:c.
67:c.
57::
49::
4023::
3305:e
3298:t
3291:v
3277:.
3256:.
3237:.
3207:.
3181:.
3155:.
3129:.
3042:.
3004:.
2974:.
2948:.
2922:.
2880:.
2858:.
2836:.
2803:.
2769:.
2744:.
2692:.
2667:.
2544:.
2470:.
2155:(
1339:(
687:(
500:(
469:(
387:∟
164:)
160:(
34:.
20:)
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