232:. Other significant Westlaw features include KeyCite, a citation checking service, which customers use to determine whether cases or statutes are still good law, and a customizable tabbed interface that lets customers bring their most-used resources to the top. Other tabs organize Westlaw content around the specific work needs of litigators, in-house corporate practitioners, and lawyers who specialize in any of over 150 legal topics. Most customers are attorneys or law students, but other individuals can also obtain accounts.
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results per content type, or to view all results for a particular content type. Filters can also be applied to refine the result list even further. On the results page, users can also see links to related secondary sources relevant to their research. WestlawNext also provides folders for storing portions of the research selected by the user.
380:– a system of legal precedents – to ensure the courts deliver consistent rulings on similar legal issues, regardless of the political or social status of the parties involved. As such, legal professionals must be certain that the legal citations they use to reinforce their arguments are accurate and still "good law."
340:
West introduced
WestlawNext on February 8, 2010. The main advances are that a user can start a search without first selecting a database, which is helpful because WestLaw has over 40,000 databases, and the search screen allows one to click checkboxes to select the jurisdiction and nature of material
383:
KeyCite leverages
Westlaw technologies, West's attorney-authored case law headnotes and the West Key Number System to determine and immediately alert legal professionals that case law they are reviewing has been either overturned, or may have history that deems the precedential value of the opinion
460:." The West Key Number System was created by West Publishing Company and can be described as a highly detailed index of over 110,000 legal topics and sub-topics. The index serves as the backbone for legal information published by West, which appears in the company's print publications, and now on
275:
from 1968 to 1973. The original name stood for "Queen's
University Investigation of Computers and Law." It was directed by Hugh Lawford and Richard von Briesen, and the original code was based on an internal IBM text search project called INFORM/360. The IBM code turned out to be incomplete and
527:
on behalf of their clients. While there is no known case of identity theft involving
Westlaw, the company responded to the controversy by announcing it had eliminated access to full SSNs for 85 percent of its clients who previously could retrieve this information, mostly lawyers and government
345:
across multiple content types. Users can either enter descriptive terms or
Boolean connectors and select a jurisdiction. Documents are ranked by relevance. WestlawNext also supports retrieving documents by citation, party name or KeyCite reference. An overview page enables users to see the top
373:
Verification of citations is necessary, because lawyers must determine whether a case has been reversed, overruled, or modified by a subsequent case before citing it in court. Further, when interpreting a statute it is necessary to examine previous judicial interpretations. The United States
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required substantial modifications. In 1973, the project was commercialized in the form of a new company called QL Systems and a new product name, QL/SEARCH. In 1976, QL Systems licensed the QL/SEARCH software to West
Publishing as the original foundation for what would become Westlaw.
268:. Westlaw Ireland (IE) was established in 2002, covering information found in Round Hall publications as well as legislation, books, cases, current awareness and full-text articles from many of the country's notable legal journals. Westlaw is used in over 68 countries.
552:, the company entered into an agreement to pay West $ 50,000 per year to license West's pagination and text corrections. No other publisher was offered similar terms, and the terms of the agreement were kept secret until they came out during discovery in the
519:(D-NY) publicized the fact that Westlaw has a database containing a large amount of private information on practically all living Americans. Besides widely available information such as addresses and phone numbers, Westlaw also includes
494:
Law school professors occasionally use it for their classes, and it is used by librarians and career services offices. Students can also create and manage their own courses for law reviews, journals and any student organization.
483:. It is used as an online extension of the classroom. Teachers use it to post syllabi, PowerPoint presentations, class materials and announcements. TWEN is also used for emailing, forum posting, live chats, polling, linking to
391:, on which American legal professionals had relied for generations. Shepard's had become such a necessary part of American legal research that the process of citation checking is still informally referred to as "Shepardizing."
417:
West also provides BriefTools, which replaces West CiteLink, and provides citation checking and file retrieval services within a word processing document. Another version only inserts
Westlaw links into documents.
310:(such as westlaw.com) became an alternative that could be selected within the "Communications Setup" option in the client program, instead of a dial-up number. West's program was known as Westmate. It was based on
544:. LexisNexis's "star pagination" system, a feature that let users of either research system find the printed page of a case without looking to the actual book, was found to infringe West's copyrights by the
1345:
252:
in 1996. Several of
Thomson's law-related businesses outside the United States have their own Westlaw sites, and Westlaw's foreign content is available online. For instance, Westlaw Canada from
264:, case analysis and case status icons. More recently, Westlaw China was introduced, with laws and regulations, cases, digests, and status icons (similar to KeyCite flags), for the law of the
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that extracts citations from a word processing document and submits them to KeyCite or to
Westlaw for retrieval of full text documents. The software consists of a standalone program and
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West CiteAdvisor formats citations and creates a table of authorities. Like WestCheck, it is available online at citeadvisor.westlaw.com, or as software for a word processor.
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interfaces, with
Westlaw's being notable for the use of "web dialogs", emulating the piling of open books on a table. Westmate was discontinued on June 30, 2007.
1160:"Claim presumably limited to the United States, as Canadian legal publisher Maritime Law Book has maintained a similarly robust Key Number System for decades"
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and posting/submitting assignments. (In terms of this range of functionality, TWEN is similar to other educational systems such as Blackboard, marketed by
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The classic Westlaw.com platform was retired in August 2015. WestlawNext was renamed "Thomson Reuters Westlaw", effective in February 2016.
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94 Civ. 0589, 1997 WL 266972 (S.D.N.Y. May 19, 1997), affd. 48 U.S.P.Q.2d 1560; 158 F.3d 674 (2nd Circuit, 1998), cert. denied (
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In 2004, KeyCite was the most-used citation checking service in an annual survey of law firm technology use conducted by the
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Wheeler RJ Jr. (2010). "Does Westlawnext Really Change Everything: the Implications of Westlawnext on Legal Research".
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The Westlaw Litigator website provides access to legal calendaring and other litigation related applications.
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Westlaw Watch allows users to manage periodic monitoring of news and other databases for topics of interest.
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1066:"West Cite Advisor - Automated Citations from West– Law Books and Legal Information – West® | Westlaw®"
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652:"Assessing the Influence of Computer-Assisted Legal Research: A Study of California Supreme Court Opinions"
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that provides a list of all the authorities citing a particular case, statute, or other legal authority.
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Around 1989, both started offering programs for personal computers that emulated the terminals, and when
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Case law, articles, publications, news, court documents, lawyer marketing, law practice management tools
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available in over 60 countries. Information resources on Westlaw include more than 40,000 databases of
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In the mid-1990s, Alan Sugarman, who runs HyperLaw, sued West. The District Court in New York and the
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Westlaw is descended from QUIC/LAW, a Canadian computer-assisted legal research project operated by
213:, administrative codes, newspaper and magazine articles, public records, law journals, law reviews,
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held that West did not have copyright on the corrections it made on opinions or on the internal
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is a master classification system of U.S. law, and is claimed to be "the only recognized legal
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includes the Canadian Abridgment and KeyCite Canada, and Westlaw UK provides information from
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KeyCite was introduced to Westlaw in 1997 and was the first citator to seriously challenge
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Westlaw WebPlus provides a web search engine with a focus on legal information sites.
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523:(SSNs), previous addresses, dates of birth, and other information lawyers use to do
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add-in, either of which may be used, and a web site with the same functionality.
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Article from Minneapolis News about the history of West Publishing and Westlaw
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to LexisNexis in 2002.) Both Westlaw and LexisNexis started in the 1970s as
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Westlaw Today curates legal news and email alerts written by attorneys and
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329:; prior to that, Westmate had "jumps" indicated by triangles instead of "
299:. Westlaw's terminal was known as WALT, for West Automatic Law Terminal.
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714:"Westlaw China– Law Books and Legal Information – West® | Westlaw®"
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TWEN is Westlaw's online courseware that is specifically tailored for
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wanted. A new search algorithm, referred to as WestSearch, executes a
1210:"The most comprehensive Web site for law school students and faculty"
1022:"BriefTools– Law Books and Legal Information – West® | Westlaw®"
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West's chief competitor in the legal information retrieval market is
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1000:"WestCiteLink users: Improved tools are here–Legal Information–West"
283:. (Ironically, Lawford and von Briesen sold what by then was called
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1275:"Westlaw To Restrict Subscriber Access To Social Security Numbers"
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1044:"BriefTools Links Only Software Downloads–Legal Information–West"
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978:(8th ed.). New York: Foundation Press. pp. 312–340.
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services with dedicated terminals. The earliest versions used
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1249:"Schumer's letter to Westlaw (in PDF format) about the issue"
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United States District Court for the District of Minnesota
333:." Shortly after that, both publishers started developing
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around 1997, and then changed to a program compiled on a
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950:"WestlawNext has been renamed Thomson Reuters Westlaw"
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or key phones; then smaller terminals with internal
64:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
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A History of Online Information Services, 1963-1976
220:Most legal documents on Westlaw are indexed to the
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766:Bourne, Charles P.; Hahn, Trudi Bellardo (2003).
548:. After Lexis' appeals were turned down by the
217:, legal forms and other information resources.
770:. Cambridge: The MIT Press. pp. 313–315.
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801:"Prof's system revolutionized legal practice"
472:"TWEN" redirects here. For the magazine, see
8:
325:. This was the first program to incorporate
244:, a company whose headquarters have been in
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1321:Second Circuit Decision in HyperLaw v. West
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374:judiciary operates under the principle of
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424:Westlaw CourtExpress allows searching of
84:Learn how and when to remove this message
974:Mersky, Roy M.; Dunn, Donald J. (2002).
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1296:West Pub. Co. v. Mead Data Cent., Inc.,
825:Jean McKnight, "Wexis versus the Net",
642:
321:platform that incorporated portions of
248:, since 1992; West was acquired by the
1310:), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 1070 (1986).
515:incidents became public, U.S. Senator
45:contains content that is written like
799:Martin, Sandra (September 26, 2009).
656:97 Law Library Journal 285-298 (2005)
7:
1135:"Westlaw Today - Premium Legal News"
930:. Thomson Reuters. September 3, 2014
1507:International Thomson Organization
857:"SFALL Newsletter, September 2000"
25:
807:. Toronto: The Globe and Mail Inc
617:—another major competing database
554:Matthew Bender / HyperLaw v. West
468:The West Education Network (TWEN)
1605:Publications established in 1975
1600:1975 establishments in Minnesota
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1273:Chabrow, Eric (March 17, 2005).
1113:"Westlaw Litigator Requirements"
1046:. West.thomson.com. May 14, 2012
829:85, no. 4 (April 1997): 189-190.
402:Associated software and websites
34:
561:Second Circuit Court of Appeals
550:Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals
536:In the mid-1980s, Westlaw sued
240:Westlaw was created in 1975 by
1181:"Administrators Guide to TWEN"
976:Fundamentals of Legal Research
650:Hellyer, Paul (January 2005).
1:
1481:ONESOURCE State Apportionment
859:. Aallnet.org. Archived from
191:online legal research service
27:Online legal research service
508:In February 2005, after the
626:West American Digest System
499:Criticism and controversies
136:; 49 years ago
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924:"Retiring Westlaw Classic"
843:February 28, 2008, at the
504:Identity theft controversy
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266:People's Republic of China
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1139:legal.thomsonreuters.com
396:American Bar Association
1502:The Thomson Corporation
1235:March 31, 2005, at the
1212:. lawschool.westlaw.com
1115:. Litigator.westlaw.com
1088:"Using Westlaw WebPlus"
672:. Westlaw International
670:"Westlaw International"
521:Social Security numbers
1543:The Woodbridge Company
694:. Westlawecarswell.com
592:Black's Law Dictionary
578:American Jurisprudence
542:copyright infringement
454:West Key Number System
366:used in United States
222:West Key Number System
1416:Practical Law Company
1277:. Informationweek.com
599:Corpus Juris Secundum
306:became available, an
66:neutral point of view
1590:Online law databases
1474:Tax & accounting
1254:. Schumer.senate.gov
1190:. September 19, 2022
928:Legal Solutions Blog
827:Illinois Bar Journal
585:American Law Reports
209:, state and federal
1421:Sweet & Maxwell
1298:616 F. Supp. 1571 (
863:on February 5, 2012
389:Shepard's Citations
258:Sweet & Maxwell
250:Thomson Corporation
203:legal professionals
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58:promotional content
1093:. West.thomson.com
1068:. West.thomson.com
1024:. West.thomson.com
1002:. West.thomson.com
805:The Globe and Mail
716:. West.thomson.com
273:Queen's University
60:and inappropriate
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738:. Thomson Reuters
525:background checks
448:Key Number System
323:Internet Explorer
293:acoustic couplers
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