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put the company into liquidation. This and other problems with this project and its cost and time overruns, is usually considered the cause of the liquidation of
Railtrack. In 2002 Bechtel was invited to join the project. The upgrade went substantially over budget. Regular updates were then conducted
71:
took on the franchise to run train services on the routes in 1997 and as part of the agreement wanted an upgrade to the railway line to allow for faster more frequent trains to grow the business. On
December 23 1994 the feasibility study was published. The upgrade started in 1998 and was completed in
358:
has long being considered a bottleneck on the WCML and improvements including signalling, track renewal and other work finished in
October 2022. Further work continued in 2023 and included work on the drains and embankments. The work also included substantial realigning of tracks and platforms to
362:
More power-hungry trains and further electric freight means at many times there is an overload of the power supply on the WCML. Parts of the route, including
Preston- Carlisle is sometimes called congested infrastructure due to power supply constraints. Future upgrades will be planned to enhance
346:
During modernisation, much of the signaling was renewed and concentrated in Rugby. However, money ran out and so the south end of the line still uses
Wembley which controls assets that fail frequently. This point of failure will need to be addressed in the future. Other upgrades are continuing.
303:
Road congestion reduction has been harder to quantify but modelling that has been done suggests 26,000 fewer car journeys on the M1 and M40 motorways as a direct result along with as many as 7 million fewer car journeys between the cities of London and
Manchester.
294:
made the statement in 2004 that "level crossings create the greatest potential for catastrophic risk on the railways". Other crossings were also removed with subsequent reduction and modernisation of the overhead line. This also reduced maintenance costs.
312:
On the London to
Manchester route alone between 2009 and 2017, the modernisation resulted in a 77% increase in rail passengers; 23,000 tonnes of carbon saving and a 27% reduction in air passengers. The air passenger reduction was between Manchester and
337:
In addition to journey time reductions, another result of the modernisation was an increase in capacity such that a 20 minute frequency of trains (3 per hour) between London and
Manchester and London and Birmingham at key hours resulted.
2487:"EUSTON MAIN LINE ELECTRIFICATION, A Technical Conference sponsored jointly by the British Railways Board and the Institutions of Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Locomotive, and Railway Signal Engineers, 25–26th October 1966"
139:
by various UK Parliament departments. The
Strategic Rail Authority published a document in June 2003 which re-examined and clarified many of the assumptions and specified the direction and scope of the whole project.
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has stated that the benefits are 1) Road congestion reduction. 2) Carbon emissions reduction. 3) Economic and 4) Passenger benefits. It is claimed it was part of the reason that the
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concept was in effect a part of that upgrade. It relied on tilting trains to increase speed on the route rather than major civil engineering interventions.
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in their paper entitled "Transformation of the West Coast Main Line" stated there are 40% more long distance services overall. There are 25% more between
197:
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The benefits of the project are claimed to be capacity improvements, journey time reductions of up to 28% in some cases and improved safety. Although
1906:
1830:
2582:
539:
2324:
Britain's new railway: Electrification of the London-Midland main lines from Euston to
Birmingham, Stoke-on-Trent, Crewe, Liverpool and Manchester
1749:
1713:
1651:
1615:
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Britain's new railway: Electrification of the London-Midland main lines from Euston to Birmingham, Stoke-on-Trent, Crewe, Liverpool and Manchester
645:
1081:
602:
1785:
1549:
1321:
2023:
1296:
1059:
2425:
287:
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242:. The length of the project was just short of 11 years (110 months) and the final contract cost of approximately 9 billion pounds. The
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889:
574:
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2404:
1351:
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rail flyover were completed after these dates. The project is sometimes given the acronym WCRM - West Coast Route Modernisation.
749:
72:
2009. It came under parliamentary and media scrutiny because of cost and schedule overruns. Further improvements such as the
2130:
1428:
221:
855:
1579:
73:
1691:
1021:
2502:
Brentnall, E. G. (1966). "Paper 2: Signalling and Telecommunications Works on the Euston Main Line Electrification".
104:
to Glasgow in the 1970s. Some innovative electrical engineering technology was used on the project including lighter
355:
128:
was concerned about cost overruns. Railtrack asked the government for more money to complete the project but the
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Work to replace bridge at Watford completed to enable line speed increase from 90 mph to 125 mph.
322:
291:
93:
56:
926:
2602:
2523:
Butland, A. N. (1966). "Paper 3: Civil Engineering Works of the Euston Main Line Electrification Scheme".
1511:
1382:
152:
1264:
984:"The Advanced Passenger Train: An economic alternative to the construction of new track for High Speed"
594:
1956:
482:
First trains use the Norton Bridge rail flyover completed on budget and 18 months ahead of schedule.
28:
22:
1285:
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The late 20th and early 21st century modernisation began without public sector involvement but with
2007:
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213:
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and extensive use of headspans. Substantial new signalling also took place in this timeframe. The
1881:
957:
792:
1982:
1931:
624:
2544:
Emerson, A. H. (1966). "Paper 4: Electrification of the London Midland Main Line from Euston".
1171:
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2015:
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329:. The number of flights between cities served by the WCML declined 67% since 2004 pre-COVID.
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2574:– 1974 British Rail information booklet about the completion of electrification to Glasgow.
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Major track renewal, signalling and simplification of track layout at Carstairs completed.
2070:
318:
181:
165:
101:
1111:
2269:"Carstairs station reopens ending three-month blockade of West Coast Main Line junction"
32:
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2153:"Orphanage Road bridge to be replaced as work to upgrade railway at Watford continues"
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741:
564:
423:
401:
235:
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In the middle of the 20th century the line was upgraded substantially as part of the
68:
1142:"The Modernisation of the West Coast Main Line - National Audit Office (NAO) Report"
682:"The Modernisation of the West Coast Main Line - National Audit Office (NAO) Report"
290:
during the modernisation was one factor in improving the safety. A spokesperson for
79:
544:
359:
give line speed increases and needed a 12-week closure but was completed on time.
2126:
1420:
1527:
1398:
2546:
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Conference Proceedings
2525:
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Conference Proceedings
2504:
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Conference Proceedings
2435:
275:
271:
238:
were part of the driver for the project, the client is actually listed as the
158:
52:
44:
2384:
2183:"Passengers benefiting from £250m railway upgrade between Stafford and Crewe"
2019:
1907:"Take a look at the new Carstairs Junction after 12-week remodelling project"
1535:
1406:
1055:
1013:
788:
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1687:
819:
397:
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Quadrupling the two track section in the Trent Valley including TAME viaduct
121:
48:
2486:
2415:
2397:
On the Wrong Line: How Ideology and Incompetence Wrecked Britain's Railways
1425:
Crown International | Expertise in innovative road and rail infrastructure
2294:"Railway upgrades to close Trent Valley line for nine days from Saturday"
942:
434:
Estimate of programme cost increases from £2.5 billion to £14.5 billion.
267:
105:
2469:
Line By Line: The West Coast Main Line, London Euston to Glasgow Central
796:
772:
201:
Armitage former station WCML widening geograph-3236678-by-Ben-Brooksbank
40:
2046:"CNN.com - Railtrack investors annoyed but better off - June 27, 2002"
1831:"West Coast Main Line upgrades to continue during August Bank Holiday"
1815:
Abbott, James (March 2022). "Keeping the premier line up to scratch".
1516:
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering
2583:
Department of Transport – 2006 – West Coast Main Line – Update Report
1387:
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering
263:
36:
2497:(6 (Part 3F)). Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMECH). 1966–67.
190:
Over 2000 signals modified or renewed with better line of sight etc.
171:
Over 800 points, switches and crossings renewed, improved or removed
96:. Further electrification was discussed in 1968. The line north of
983:
220:
212:
204:
196:
97:
78:
506:
Carstairs station reopens after a 12 week closure and blockade.
498:
Further simplification of Carstairs and passing loop installed.
2453:"Network Rail A Guide to Overhead Electrification Revision 10"
1014:"APT tilting train: The laughing stock that changed the world"
250:
decided to move its main operations from London to the north.
247:
450:
First section of Trent Valley four-tracking scheme opened.
1856:"Carstairs junction upgrade is key to modernising network"
2578:
Rail Industry Web page monitoring progress of the project
773:"Intercity Travel and the London Midland Electrification"
535:
21st-century modernisation of the Great Western Main Line
2445:
Overhead Line Electrification for Railways - 6th edition
2364:
Newsletter of the Friends of the National Railway Museum
550:
History of rail transport in Great Britain 1995 to date
625:"West Coast Main Line Modernisation feasibility study"
1352:"MAJOR IMPROVEMENTS FOR RUGBY STATION GIVEN APPROVAL"
1512:"West Coast route modernisation: River Tame viaduct"
426:
ask SRA to intervene and get project back on track.
1383:"Modernising the UK's west coast main line railway"
1082:"Railtrack makes final departure from stock market"
856:"50 years of electrifying the West Coast Main Line"
595:"UK West Coast Route Modernisation Project - SEBoK"
1880:DEM, David Shirres BSc CEng MIMechE (2 May 2023).
956:DEM, David Shirres BSc CEng MIMechE (2 May 2023).
225:WCML Broughton wicketkeeper electrification anchor
1510:Baker, A. H. W.; Webb, D.; Fearnhead, R. (2007).
1244:"West Coast Main Line progress report April 2004"
1981:Shirres BSc CEng MIMechE, David (10 July 2023).
522:area for upgrades, resignalling, new track etc.
168:were either removed or modernised - 77 in total.
2243:"£164m overhaul for key cross-border rail line"
1819:. Vol. 79. Key Publishing. pp. 56–59.
1265:"West Coast Main Line progress report May 2006"
1208:"The Modernisation of the West Coast Main Line"
1172:"The Modernisation of the West Coast Main Line"
834:"Route Improvements Weaver Junction to Glasgow"
100:was modernised by further electrification from
1481:"Lichfield Trent Valley Four Tracking Project"
260:Campaign for Better Transport (United Kingdom)
244:Campaign for Better Transport (United Kingdom)
2213:"First trains use Norton Bridge rail flyover"
712:"First trains use Norton Bridge rail flyover"
8:
1750:"Transformation of the West Coast Main Line"
1652:"Transformation of the West Coast Main Line"
1714:"Transformation of the West Coast Mainline"
1616:"Transformation of the West Coast Mainline"
742:"West Coast Main Line - Railway Technology"
646:"Transformation of the West Coast Mainline"
560:North West England electrification schemes
466:Works start on the Norton Bridge project.
777:Journal of Transport Economics and Policy
370:
1381:Spoors, Richard; Martin, James (2005).
586:
31:is a key strategic railway line in the
2608:Railway upgrades in the United Kingdom
2598:Transport policy in the United Kingdom
2467:Buck, Martin; Rawlinson, Mark (2000).
2399:(rev. ed.). London: Aurum Press.
1596:from the original on 19 September 2020
1272:Department for Transport UK government
1251:Strategic Rail Authority UK government
442:High-speed tilting trains introduced.
2471:. Swindon: Freightmaster Publishing.
2223:from the original on 9 September 2019
2163:from the original on 22 November 2021
1694:from the original on 13 February 2009
1188:from the original on 26 November 2016
927:"BR electrifies West-Coast extension"
722:from the original on 9 September 2019
7:
1796:from the original on 16 January 2021
1560:from the original on 16 January 2021
1332:from the original on 16 January 2021
1302:from the original on 2 December 2007
2133:from the original on 16 August 2021
2071:"High-speed tilting train on track"
1957:"Carstairs Junction fully reopened"
1421:"Gantry Pole | Crown International"
752:from the original on 27 August 2011
570:Railway electrification in Scotland
540:Felixstowe–Nuneaton railway upgrade
1688:"Rail level crossings discouraged"
1431:from the original on 4 August 2021
1024:from the original on 25 April 2017
575:Transpennine north railway upgrade
514:9 day closure of the route in the
14:
2558:10.1243/PIME_CONF_1966_181_105_02
2537:10.1243/PIME_CONF_1966_181_107_02
2516:10.1243/PIME_CONF_1966_181_108_02
2373:Permanent Way Institution Journal
2371:"On board with electrification".
2193:from the original on 30 July 2021
2127:"West Coast rail works completed"
2107:from the original on 21 July 2021
2077:from the original on 30 July 2021
1491:from the original on 21 July 2021
1461:from the original on 21 July 2021
1362:from the original on 21 July 2021
1224:from the original on 17 June 2021
1152:from the original on 21 July 2021
1122:from the original on 21 July 2021
1092:from the original on 29 July 2021
994:from the original on 29 July 2021
854:Sonagra, Radhika (18 July 2024).
692:from the original on 21 July 2021
605:from the original on 21 July 2021
555:Midland Main Line railway upgrade
412:Railtrack goes into liquidation.
351:2020 onwards ongoing improvements
342:Issues - future work still needed
274:and 150% more between London and
217:Barton WCML AutoTransformer ready
1932:"Carstairs Junction remodelling"
1882:"Remodelling Carstairs Junction"
1786:"West Coast Route Modernisation"
1766:from the original on 4 July 2021
1730:from the original on 4 July 2021
1668:from the original on 4 July 2021
1632:from the original on 4 July 2021
1580:"West Coast Route Modernisation"
1550:"West Coast Route Modernisation"
1322:"West Coast Route Modernisation"
958:"Remodelling Carstairs Junction"
662:from the original on 4 July 2021
421:Secretary of State for Transport
133:Secretary of State for Transport
116:Post privatisation modernisation
2267:Johnson, Thomas (30 May 2023).
2097:"MAKING TRACKS IN TRENT VALLEY"
2026:from the original on 5 May 2021
1983:"The future of electrification"
1451:"MAKING TRACKS IN TRENT VALLEY"
1286:"West Coast Main Line Strategy"
1062:from the original on 5 May 2021
270:; 50% more between London and
1:
2358:Wickens, Alan (Summer 1988).
1790:www.networkrailconsulting.com
1757:Campaign for Better Transport
1721:Campaign for better transport
1659:Campaign for Better Transport
1623:Campaign for Better Transport
1554:www.networkrailconsulting.com
1326:www.networkrailconsulting.com
653:Campaign for better transport
388:Feasibility study published.
286:The removal and reduction of
1528:10.1680/bren.2007.160.4.163
1399:10.1680/cien.2005.158.3.112
1179:National Audit Organisation
209:Preston North WCML AT ready
2624:
2417:BRITISH RAIL-A new History
2414:WOLMAR, CHRISTIAN (2022).
2341:Electric Euston to Glasgow
1759:. March 2019. p. 12.
882:Electric Euston to Glasgow
20:
2298:Network Rail Media Centre
2247:Network Rail Media Centre
2187:Network Rail Media Centre
2157:Network Rail Media Centre
2101:Network Rail Media Centre
1961:Network Rail Media Centre
1860:Network Rail Media Centre
1661:. March 2019. p. 7.
1455:Network Rail Media Centre
1356:Network Rail Media Centre
771:Evans, Andrew W. (1969).
187:Track renewals- 430 miles
35:. It links the cities of
1911:Rail Technology Magazine
1835:Rail Technology Magazine
1690:. BBC. 7 November 2004.
240:Department for Transport
180:Power supply upgrade to
157:Proof House Junction in
126:Strategic Rail Authority
110:Advanced Passenger Train
16:UK Railway modernisation
458:Work mainly completed.
292:UK Railway Inspectorate
94:1955 Modernisation Plan
88:Previous modernisations
2491:Conference Proceedings
2360:"APT - With Hindsight"
1112:"West Coast Main Line"
906:"Electric all the way"
226:
218:
210:
202:
147:The upgrade involved:
84:
2326:. London: Ian Allan.
2217:A Little Bit of Stone
2008:"Blood on the tracks"
1146:National Audit Office
1044:"Blood on the tracks"
931:Electronics and Power
814:. London: Ian Allan.
716:A Little Bit of Stone
686:National Audit Office
404:to upgrade the line.
254:Capacity enhancements
224:
216:
208:
200:
153:Rugby railway station
151:Major remodelling of
82:
2572:Electric All The Way
2420:. : MICHAEL JOSEPH.
2129:. 14 December 2008.
2073:. 12 December 2005.
1181:. 22 November 2006.
1148:. 22 November 2006.
1088:. 14 November 2013.
1020:. 18 December 2015.
943:10.1049/ep.1974.0354
688:. 22 November 2006.
327:London City Airports
161:was also remodelled.
83:West Coast Main Line
29:West Coast Main Line
23:West Coast Main Line
2379:(1). January 2021.
2339:Nock, O.S. (1974).
2322:Nock, O.S. (1965).
2014:. 11 October 2001.
1050:. 11 October 2001.
880:Nock, O.S. (1974).
810:Nock, O.S. (1965).
634:. 23 December 1994.
373:
2273:New Civil Engineer
1427:. 25 August 2010.
988:Rail International
982:Jones, S. (1975).
746:Railway Technology
396:Agreement between
371:
333:Passenger benefits
227:
219:
211:
203:
85:
2566:External websites
2427:978-0-241-45620-0
2393:Wolmar, Christian
2219:. 29 March 2016.
1936:Scotlands Railway
1116:Bechtel Corporate
937:(11): 469. 1974.
718:. 29 March 2016.
599:www.sebokwiki.org
526:
525:
143:Technical aspects
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2462:. February 2015.
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520:Colwich Junction
385:December 23 1994
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308:Carbon emissions
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2316:Further reading
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1817:Modern Railways
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860:Network Rail
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2050:www.cnn.com
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1698:11 November
915:. May 1974.
503:May 30 2023
2592:Categories
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2227:9 December
2167:9 December
2137:9 December
2081:9 December
1865:31 October
581:References
495:March 2023
479:March 2016
471:April 2015
276:Manchester
272:Birmingham
159:Birmingham
53:Manchester
45:Birmingham
2385:2057-2425
2278:11 August
2020:0013-0613
1966:11 August
1941:11 August
1916:11 August
1891:11 August
1840:11 August
1536:1478-4637
1407:0965-089X
1056:0013-0613
967:11 August
789:0022-5258
511:July 2023
398:Railtrack
372:Timeline
356:Carstairs
323:Stanstead
122:Railtrack
61:Lancaster
49:Liverpool
2395:(2005).
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529:See also
431:May 2002
367:Timeline
315:Heathrow
268:Scotland
230:Benefits
177:renewals
106:catenary
65:Carlisle
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799:.
781:3
760:.
730:.
700:.
670:.
613:.
518:-
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