691:
Calves are darker in color when they are very young. African manatees measure up to 4.5 m (15 ft) in length, and weigh about 360 kilograms (790 pounds). African manatees are typically extremely slow, moving between 4.8 km and 8.0 km (3 and 5 mi) per hour, although when scared by predators they can travel at speeds of about 32 km (20 mi) per hour. The
African manatee's large forelimbs, or flippers, are used to paddle and to bring food to its mouth. Vegetation is then chewed by the manatee's strong molars, which are its only teeth. When the manatee is born, each jaw has two vestigial incisors, which the manatee loses as it matures. If the African manatee's molars happen to fall out, new molars grow in their place. The manatee's flippers, which have nails, are also used to graze other manatees. The African manatee does not have any hind limbs. From the exterior, the African manatee looks very similar to the American manatee; however, the African manatee is different from the Amazonian manatee, which has characteristic white markings on its abdomen.
675:
761:. They tend to travel silently, eat, and be active towards the end of the day and during the nighttime. During the daytime, the African manatee dozes in shallow (1 to 2 meter deep) water. In countries such as Sierra Leone, African manatees migrate upstream when flooding occurs in June and July. This flooding can lower the availability of food for the manatees as well as lower the salinity of waterways. African manatees live in groups of 1 to 6. They have very few natural predators, two of which are sharks and crocodiles. They are also very social, spending a majority of their day bonding by touch, verbal communication, and smell. This creates a deep bond between them. When it is time to migrate due to a weather change, manatees will travel in larger groups to find warmer water and food.
770:
3 years of age, and they give birth every 3 to 5 years of their estimated 30-year lifespan. Males take a longer time to mature (about 9 to 10 years) and can rarely fertilize an egg at the age of 2 or 3 years. African manatees breed year-round. When males and females mate, it is not monogamous; multiple males will usually mate with one female. When the opportunity to mate with a female is at stake, males will fight with each other by pushing and shoving. Female
African manatees give birth to one calf at a time after about a 13-month pregnancy. Calves can swim on their own at birth. Although the African manatee's social organization is not well understood, research shows the most common and tightly knit bonds are between a mother and her calf.
703:. Although they tend to stay in freshwater, theory suggests that, through transoceanic currents, the species reached West Africa during the late Pliocene. The West African manatee's appearance is thought to be the result of these currents and species movement. The African manatee's ancestors passed down advantageous migration and food traits. The African manatee is not restricted to a certain area, and does not have to rely heavily on only one ecosystem for support. This evolution of the African manatee's diversity may be part of its key attribute to survival. They are more diverse than other manatees due to their ability to survive in salt water, although they do need access to fresh water for drinking purposes.
787:
is little data to show if this has any negative long-term effects on the population as a whole. At several hydroelectric dams including the Kanji dam on the Niger River and the
Akosombo dam on the Volta River manatees have been caught and killed in the turbines and intake valves. Thick congestion of boats in waterways may cause the manatees to have deadly run-ins with the vessels. However, even natural occurrences, such as droughts and tidal changes, can often strand manatees in unsuitable habitats. Some are killed accidentally by fishing trawls and in nets which are intended for catching sharks.
823:
species (such as population, economic value, and habitat range) by conducting surveys in their countries. Other
African countries also contributed reports that broadened the collective knowledge of the African manatee. Because of the work done during this phase, the general public, young children, and experienced scientists alike are receiving better information than ever before as to how to protect the African manatees. Phase I also allowed for up-close examination of the African manatee's way of life through field work.
683:
108:
808:
66:
229:
779:
online as pets, and they are sometimes shipped internationally. Anyone visiting such countries will notice manatee meat being sold on the streets and in marketplaces, but the lack of law enforcement protects the poachers from punishment. Residents of countries such as Mali and Chad use the oil of the
African manatee in belief that it can cure ailments such as ear infections,
661:, and fish found in nets. The percentage of the diet that is composed of non-plant material varies based on location, with manatees living off the coast having a lifetime average of 50% non-plant material. The West African manatee is the only sirenian that seems to intentionally consume non-plant material. A majority of the African manatee's diet is made up of a variety of
42:
790:
Some behaviors of
African manatees provoke humans to hunt them. When manatees become tangled in fishing nets, they can damage them. People in countries such as Sierra Leone believe that killing the manatees to reduce the species size lowers the chances of the fishing nets requiring expensive repairs.
769:
The sex of an individual
African manatee can only be determined by close examination of the manatee's underside. The only visible distinction between males and females is the genital openings. However, males tend to be smaller than females. Some female African manatees are sexually mature as young as
690:
The
African manatee's body is widest at the middle, and its tail resembles a paddle. The manatee is gray in color with small, colorless hairs that cover its body. However, algae and other tiny organisms often grow on an African manatee's body, so its body sometimes appears brown or greenish in color.
794:
Many of the
African manatees that venture up the Niger River starve to death. At certain times each year, the Niger River dries up due to the hot temperatures and lack of rain. Many manatees migrate there during the rainy season. When the water dries up the manatees are unable to get to other bodies
786:
There are even more threats to the
African manatees' habitat and life: urban and agricultural development, increased damming, and increased use of hydroelectric power in the rivers of countries like CĂ´te d'Ivoire and Ghana. The building of dams has led to genetic isolation of some populations. There
331:
African manatees inhabit the widest ranges of habitats of any sirenian species, ranging from offshore islands in the Atlantic to rivers in the western Sahel, equatorial rainforest rivers, and so on. It has been reported that coastal populations ascend rivers during the rainy season and descend again
837:), meaning international export or import is strictly regulated. Laws exist to protect the African manatee in every country in which it lives, but these laws are not well enforced. Due to this mass lack of enforcement and minimal education, the African manatee population is being steadily depleted.
636:
The areas with the highest manatee populations are Guinea-Bissau, the lagoons of CĂ´te d'Ivoire, the southern portions of the Niger River in Nigeria, the Sanaga River in Cameroon, the coastal lagoons in Gabon, and the lower parts of the Congo River. As part of a study completed in CĂ´te d'Ivoire to
822:
From November 2004 until December 2007, the West African Manatee Conservation Project completed Phase I. During this phase, residents of six African countries (Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, and Sierra Leone) created a database of previously unknown information about the
778:
The African manatee is a vulnerable species because of its meat, oil, bones, and skin, which can bring great wealth to poachers. Specifically they are used to make walking sticks and toy spinning tops. In some countries, such as Nigeria and Cameroon, African manatees are sold to zoos, aquariums,
665:
found above or hanging over the water. African manatees that inhabit rivers mostly eat the overhanging plants growing on the river banks. The diet of African manatees living in estuaries consists solely of mangrove trees. Each day, the African manatee eats about four to nine percent of its body
798:
Manatees do not have many true predators. Apart from humans, they are threatened by sharks, crocodiles, and alligators but this is rare because of a difference in habitat. In West Africa Crocodiles make up the majority of manatee predators besides humans.
453:, and Lake de Tréné. Due to fluctuating flow rates and water levels in rivers, some of these permanent lakes serve as refuges for manatees in connecting rivers during the dry season. From north to south, the river systems that contain manatees include: the
830:. During Phase II, the information collected in Phase I will be even more widely distributed around the areas in which the African manatee lives. Phase II will focus on furthering the existing research and adjusting legislation and education.
726:
also flips over canoes and entices their occupants to visit her kingdom. Scientists from the Institute of Aquatic Biology of the Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Wildlife Department in Ghana have concluded that
666:
weight in wet vegetation. Microorganisms within the African manatee's large intestine, which measures up to 20 metres or 66 feet in length, aid it in digesting the large quantity and variety of vegetation that it consumes daily.
299:
of this taxon are known. Although African manatees live in both coastal areas and isolated inland areas, genetic evidence suggests no significant differences between the two populations. The African manatee falls under the
951:
1842:
637:
assess where the majority of African manatees favor living, a sample of African manatees was radio-tagged and tracked. The tracking observed most of the sample in coastal lagoons, mangroves, and other
738:, who performs research for CSIR, when female African manatees surface for air, they resemble goddesses. Entsua-Mensah explains that the female manatee's breasts create the illusion of a woman-fish.
641:
growths. They were also found in the grassy estuaries of big rivers with mangroves and in protected coastal spots with less than 3 metres (10 ft) of water containing both mangroves and marine
332:
during the dry season. The movement and habitat of the African manatee has been threatened by the building of agricultural and hydroelectric dams along rivers that isolate populations, such as the
1524:
2161:
2176:
955:
431:
waters to freshwater: in oceans, rivers, lakes, coastal estuaries, reservoirs, lagoons, and bays on the coast. African manatees rarely inhabit waters with a temperature below
674:
1428:
1904:
1170:
2166:
1969:
1530:
1318:
2111:
1878:
1917:
1142:
2156:
2146:
1995:
1009:
1196:
2131:
1256:
1573:
2070:
1943:
1402:
364:
2126:
1961:
292:
1922:
1462:
1346:
2141:
1229:
437:
Manatees have been found as far as 75 kilometres (47 mi) offshore, where there are shallow coastal flats and calm
1956:
1367:
1174:
1036:"First Satellite Tracking of the African Manatee (Trichechus senegalensis) and Movement Patterns in the Senegal River"
1794:
107:
2136:
1974:
514:
1821:
2151:
1098:
633:. Manatees move up these rivers until they are unable to proceed because of shallow waters or strong waterfalls.
1432:
1392:
Senghor, LĂ©opold SĂ©dar, "Chants d'ombre" "Selected poems of LEOPOLD SEDAR SENGHOR", CUP Archive, pp. 103, 125
745:
of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania, the manatee is regarded as sacred and highly respected, because in the
2088:
719:), a recurring character in many coastal legends, is a goddess of the sea and a symbol of wealth and beauty.
340:
has permanently isolated the Senegal River manatee population from the coast, as has the Felou Dam in Mali.
1485:"Macro-habitat preferences by the African manatee and crocodiles – ecological and conservation implications"
1279:
833:
The African manatee is listed on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (
218:
1756:
827:
1138:
1034:
Keith-Diagne, Lucy W.; de Larrinoa, Pablo Fernandez; Diagne, Tomas; Gonzalez, Luis Mariano (2021-01-15).
2121:
2021:
1566:
562:
494:
360:
202:
791:
In addition, African manatees can destroy rice crops by drifting into fields during the rainy season.
2171:
2075:
1865:
1803:
1294:
490:
478:
1711:
898:
746:
735:
614:
316:
55:
978:
699:
The West African manatee is a descendant of trichechids found in coastal South America during the
454:
368:
2116:
2039:
1740:
1063:
1001:
486:
102:
70:
1808:
682:
2026:
1909:
2008:
1829:
1702:
1310:
1200:
1055:
566:
546:
482:
446:
372:
312:
602:
2062:
1559:
1496:
1302:
1047:
993:
893:
638:
510:
2013:
1935:
1982:
1252:
522:
466:
1847:
610:
554:
450:
1298:
807:
574:
526:
428:
1306:
1119:
Keith Diagne, Lucy. (2014). Phylogenetics And Feeding Ecology Of The African Manatee,
2105:
1930:
1067:
884:
875:
812:
606:
518:
506:
498:
392:
75:
228:
17:
1834:
1675:
1551:
758:
742:
630:
598:
586:
470:
462:
458:
420:
333:
169:
1406:
1484:
1225:
2052:
2034:
1948:
1891:
1788:
1454:
1338:
626:
622:
618:
594:
582:
578:
558:
550:
538:
1630:
1620:
780:
642:
590:
570:
542:
534:
502:
474:
442:
404:
380:
296:
1779:
1059:
1035:
1051:
715:
654:
530:
337:
320:
273:
119:
1371:
920:
1501:
1314:
826:
Due to the large-scale success of Phase I, a Phase II is to be enacted by
1987:
1773:
1614:
1608:
1602:
700:
438:
352:
139:
1857:
2083:
1883:
1693:
1583:
1005:
658:
441:
creeks filled with seagrass. Inland lakes where manatees dwell include
416:
412:
396:
308:
265:
261:
257:
179:
159:
41:
1094:
1896:
1816:
1657:
1648:
1596:
388:
344:
269:
149:
129:
1750:
997:
2047:
834:
816:
806:
681:
673:
662:
408:
384:
376:
348:
301:
288:
92:
86:
1870:
2000:
424:
400:
356:
284:
The African manatee was officially declared a species under the
1754:
1555:
749:, it is viewed as the guardian of the secrets of the future.
992:. 2011.2 (89). The American Society of Mammalogists: 1–3.
264:
that inhabits much of the western region of Africa – from
734:
is based on the West African manatee. According to Dr.
343:
African Manatees can be found in West African regions:
272:. It is the only manatee species to be found in the
1523:
Dr. Dagou, Mame; Greatrix, Emma (November 3, 2007),
1763:
1691:
1674:
1646:
1629:
1526:
Conservation Prospects for the West African Manatee
1370:. Sirenian International, Inc. 2002. Archived from
1164:
1162:
1160:
1455:"African Manatee - Manatee Facts and Information"
1339:"African Manatee - Animal Facts and Information"
1139:"West African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis)"
2162:Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1169:Jefferson, T.A.; Leatherwood, S.; Webber, M.A.
1405:. Infoqis Publishing, Co. 2009. Archived from
1133:
1131:
1129:
954:. Sea World. December 30, 2011. Archived from
899:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22104A81904980.en
1567:
1220:
1218:
8:
2177:Taxa named by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link
1429:"African manatee (Trichechus senegalensis)"
657:; and are known to occasionally eat clams,
1751:
1688:
1643:
1574:
1560:
1552:
946:
944:
942:
940:
227:
64:
40:
31:
1500:
897:
869:
845:
706:According to people of western Africa,
1232:from the original on November 19, 2010
1199:. Paradise Earth. 2008. Archived from
1145:from the original on November 20, 2010
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
1333:
1331:
1259:from the original on 14 December 2010
1253:""Trichechus senegalensis" (On-line)"
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
7:
2167:Mammals of the Republic of the Congo
2089:B434B80D-DB48-4708-9F2B-5260EF9090A5
977:Husar, Sandra L. (6 January 1978).
885:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1431:. Wildscreen. 2011. Archived from
1101:from the original on March 5, 2016
25:
1307:10.1038/scientificamerican0794-66
581:, Ngosso, Andokat, Mene, Munaya,
2112:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
1015:from the original on 21 May 2014
365:Democratic Republic of the Congo
106:
1465:from the original on 2016-11-23
1349:from the original on 2016-11-23
1324:from the original on 2016-03-04
1278:O'Shea, Thomas J. (July 1994),
293:Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link
1:
2157:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa
2147:Mammals of Equatorial Guinea
686:Skull of an African manatee
49:African manatee in Nigeria
2193:
874:Keith Diagne, L. (2016) .
481:, Tombali, Cacine, Kogon,
2132:Mammals described in 1795
1737:
1591:
1251:Dr. Macrini, Ted (2004).
1171:"Trichechus senegalensis"
1095:"Trichechus senegalensis"
597:, Bamaingui, Bahr-Kieta,
235:
226:
208:
201:
103:Scientific classification
101:
84:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
1097:. Encyclopedia of Life.
427:. Manatees are found in
1848:trichechus-senegalensis
1822:trichechus-senegalensis
1809:Trichechus_senegalensis
1795:Trichechus senegalensis
1765:Trichechus senegalensis
1173:. nlbif. Archived from
1141:. Animal Corner. 2012.
1121:Trichechus senegalensis
1052:10.1578/am.47.1.2021.21
981:Trichechus senegalensis
878:Trichechus senegalensis
783:, and skin conditions.
757:The African manatee is
678:African manatee on land
447:Inner Niger River Delta
286:Trichechus senegalensis
249:Trichechus senegalensis
212:Trichechus senegalensis
2127:Mammals of West Africa
1368:"West African Manatee"
1255:. Digital Morphology.
1226:"West African Manatee"
1197:"West African manatee"
828:Wetlands International
819:
687:
679:
291:in 1795 by naturalist
236:African manatee range
2022:Paleobiology Database
1712:West Indian manatee (
1502:10.5194/we-12-39-2012
1459:www.manatee-world.com
1343:www.bioexpedition.com
1228:. Animal Info. 2006.
892:: e.T22104A97168578.
810:
695:Evolution and legends
685:
677:
361:Republic of the Congo
252:), also known as the
1483:Luiselli, L (2012).
1461:. 27 February 2014.
921:"Appendices | CITES"
307:with only two other
254:West African manatee
194:T. senegalensis
18:West African manatee
2142:Mammals of Cameroon
1703:Amazonian manatee (
1403:"Manatee Predators"
1345:. 30 October 2012.
1299:1994SciAm.271a..66O
1287:Scientific American
958:on January 18, 2012
811:African Manatee in
747:Serer creation myth
736:Mamaa Entsua-Mensah
317:West Indian manatee
56:Conservation status
820:
688:
680:
2137:Mammals of Angola
2099:
2098:
2009:Open Tree of Life
1757:Taxon identifiers
1748:
1747:
1733:
1732:
1721:African manatee (
1685:
1670:
1669:
1640:
1586:species by family
1203:on April 26, 2012
990:Mammalian Species
501:, Malem, Waanje,
373:Equatorial Guinea
327:Range and habitat
319:, which are also
313:Amazonian manatee
240:
239:
96:
79:
27:Species of mammal
16:(Redirected from
2184:
2152:Mammals of Gabon
2092:
2091:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2043:
2042:
2030:
2029:
2017:
2016:
2004:
2003:
1991:
1990:
1978:
1977:
1965:
1964:
1952:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1925:
1913:
1912:
1900:
1899:
1887:
1886:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1838:
1837:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1811:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1752:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1533:on July 22, 2012
1529:, archived from
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1284:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1166:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1135:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1091:
1072:
1071:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1014:
987:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
948:
935:
934:
932:
931:
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
901:
871:
434:
231:
214:
111:
110:
90:
73:
68:
67:
44:
35:African manatee
32:
21:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2025:
2020:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1986:
1983:Observation.org
1981:
1973:
1968:
1960:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1908:
1903:
1895:
1890:
1882:
1877:
1869:
1864:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1841:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1759:
1749:
1744:
1729:
1723:T. senegalensis
1681:
1680:
1678:
1666:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1625:
1587:
1580:
1550:
1545:
1536:
1534:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1466:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1321:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1168:
1167:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1075:
1040:Aquatic Mammals
1033:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1012:
998:10.2307/3503790
985:
976:
975:
971:
961:
959:
950:
949:
938:
929:
927:
919:
918:
914:
904:
902:
873:
872:
847:
843:
805:
776:
767:
755:
697:
672:
651:
521:, Niouniourou,
495:Little Scarcies
432:
329:
282:
244:African manatee
222:
216:
210:
197:
105:
97:
80:
69:
65:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2057:
2044:
2031:
2018:
2005:
1992:
1979:
1966:
1953:
1940:
1927:
1914:
1901:
1888:
1875:
1862:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1785:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1686:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1641:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1515:
1475:
1446:
1420:
1409:on May 1, 2010
1394:
1385:
1359:
1327:
1270:
1243:
1214:
1188:
1156:
1125:
1112:
1073:
1026:
969:
936:
912:
844:
842:
839:
804:
801:
775:
772:
766:
763:
754:
751:
713:(also spelled
701:Pliocene Epoch
696:
693:
671:
668:
650:
647:
491:Great Scarcies
336:in Ghana. The
328:
325:
281:
278:
238:
237:
233:
232:
224:
223:
217:
206:
205:
199:
198:
191:
189:
185:
184:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
99:
98:
85:
82:
81:
63:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2189:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1547:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1435:on 2011-11-30
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1374:on 2011-05-28
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1177:on 2014-03-02
1176:
1172:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
984:
982:
973:
970:
957:
953:
947:
945:
943:
941:
937:
926:
922:
916:
913:
900:
895:
891:
887:
886:
881:
879:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
846:
840:
838:
836:
831:
829:
824:
818:
814:
813:Toba Aquarium
809:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
782:
773:
771:
764:
762:
760:
752:
750:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
730:
725:
722:
718:
717:
712:
709:
704:
702:
694:
692:
684:
676:
669:
667:
664:
660:
656:
653:Manatees are
648:
646:
644:
640:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:, Missunado,
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:Guinea-Bissau
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
326:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:
298:
294:
290:
287:
279:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:
245:
234:
230:
225:
220:
215:
213:
207:
204:
203:Binomial name
200:
196:
195:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
104:
100:
94:
88:
83:
77:
72:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2122:EDGE species
1764:
1739:
1722:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1692:
1676:Trichechidae
1659:
1647:
1548:Bibliography
1535:, retrieved
1531:the original
1525:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1492:
1488:
1478:
1467:. Retrieved
1458:
1449:
1439:December 30,
1437:. Retrieved
1433:the original
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1407:the original
1397:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1372:the original
1362:
1351:. Retrieved
1342:
1293:(1): 66–72,
1290:
1286:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1246:
1234:. Retrieved
1207:December 31,
1205:. Retrieved
1201:the original
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:the original
1147:. Retrieved
1120:
1115:
1103:. Retrieved
1046:(1): 21–29.
1043:
1039:
1029:
1019:November 13,
1017:. Retrieved
989:
980:
972:
962:December 30,
960:. Retrieved
956:the original
928:. Retrieved
924:
915:
903:. Retrieved
889:
883:
877:
832:
825:
821:
803:Conservation
797:
793:
789:
785:
777:
768:
765:Reproduction
756:
743:Serer people
740:
731:
728:
723:
720:
714:
710:
707:
705:
698:
689:
652:
635:
487:Sierra Leone
436:
433:18°C (64°F).
421:Sierra Leone
342:
334:Akosombo Dam
330:
304:
285:
283:
253:
248:
247:
243:
241:
211:
209:
193:
192:
180:
170:Trichechidae
29:
2172:Niger River
2035:SeaLifeBase
1892:iNaturalist
1789:Wikispecies
1705:T. inunguis
1619:Superorder
1613:Infraclass
1489:Web Ecology
905:28 February
670:Description
643:macrophytes
613:, Lovanzi,
579:Rio del Rey
567:Katsena Ala
2106:Categories
1714:T. manatus
1694:Trichechus
1682:(Manatees)
1649:Dugonginae
1631:Dugongidae
1621:Afrotheria
1537:January 8,
1469:2016-11-23
1413:January 7,
1378:January 8,
1353:2016-11-23
1280:"Manatees"
1263:January 8,
1236:January 7,
1181:January 8,
1149:January 5,
1105:January 7,
930:2022-01-14
841:References
795:of water.
781:rheumatism
741:Among the
639:herbaceous
473:, MansĂ´a,
443:Lake Volta
405:Mauritania
381:The Gambia
305:Trichechus
297:subspecies
181:Trichechus
89:Appendix I
71:Vulnerable
2117:Sirenians
1637:(Dugongs)
1495:: 39–48.
1068:234312833
1060:0167-5427
952:"Manatee"
925:cites.org
759:nocturnal
716:Mami Wata
655:omnivores
523:Sassandra
513:, Morro,
467:Casamance
451:Lake Léré
449:in Mali,
338:Diama Dam
321:sirenians
274:Old World
188:Species:
126:Kingdom:
120:Eukaryota
2048:Species+
1962:11600013
1910:11175014
1871:46559226
1774:Wikidata
1741:Category
1660:D. dugon
1658:Dugong (
1615:Eutheria
1609:Mammalia
1603:Chordata
1597:Animalia
1595:Kingdom
1508:26 April
1463:Archived
1347:Archived
1319:archived
1257:Archived
1230:Archived
1143:Archived
1099:Archived
1010:Archived
753:Behavior
659:mollusks
603:Mitémélé
575:Akwayafe
515:St. John
511:St. Paul
483:Konkouré
439:mangrove
429:brackish
353:Cameroon
315:and the
280:Taxonomy
166:Family:
150:Mammalia
140:Chordata
136:Phylum:
130:Animalia
116:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
2084:ZooBank
1949:1000533
1884:2435294
1780:Q387297
1601:Phylum
1584:Sirenia
1582:Extant
1315:8066426
1295:Bibcode
1006:3503790
774:Threats
615:Kouilou
519:Bandama
507:Cavalla
499:Sherbro
455:Senegal
417:Senegal
413:Nigeria
397:Liberia
309:species
266:Senegal
262:manatee
258:species
256:, is a
176:Genus:
160:Sirenia
156:Order:
146:Class:
91: (
74: (
2076:255027
2063:110053
2060:uBio:
2001:255027
1975:327957
1923:180685
1855:ECOS:
1817:ARKive
1607:Class
1313:
1066:
1058:
1004:
631:Cuanza
629:, and
611:Ogooué
599:Logoné
587:Sanaga
555:Mekrou
471:Cacheu
463:Gambia
459:Saloum
445:, the
423:, and
389:Guinea
363:, the
359:, the
345:Angola
311:, the
270:Angola
221:, 1795
2071:WoRMS
2040:69580
2027:64979
2014:72667
1988:80531
1936:22104
1905:IRMNG
1897:46320
1835:58865
1322:(PDF)
1283:(PDF)
1064:S2CID
1013:(PDF)
1002:JSTOR
986:(PDF)
835:CITES
817:Japan
732:Water
729:Maame
724:Water
721:Maame
711:Water
708:Maame
663:flora
627:Bengo
623:Dande
619:Congo
607:Gabon
595:Chari
583:Wouri
563:Cross
559:Benue
551:Niger
547:Oueme
539:Volta
527:Comoé
409:Niger
385:Ghana
377:Gabon
349:Benin
302:genus
295:. No
289:taxon
93:CITES
87:CITES
2053:4306
1996:OBIS
1970:NCBI
1931:IUCN
1918:ITIS
1879:GBIF
1858:1488
1539:2011
1510:2023
1441:2011
1415:2011
1380:2011
1311:PMID
1265:2011
1238:2011
1209:2011
1183:2011
1151:2011
1107:2011
1056:ISSN
1021:2011
964:2011
907:2022
890:2015
649:Diet
591:Faro
571:Bani
543:Mono
535:Tano
503:Sewa
479:Buba
475:Geba
425:Togo
401:Mali
357:Chad
242:The
219:Link
1957:MSW
1944:MDD
1866:EoL
1843:CMS
1830:CoL
1804:ADW
1497:doi
1303:doi
1291:271
1048:doi
994:doi
894:doi
531:Bia
268:to
260:of
2108::
2086::
2073::
2050::
2037::
2024::
2011::
1998::
1985::
1972::
1959::
1946::
1933::
1920::
1907::
1894::
1881::
1868::
1845::
1832::
1819::
1806::
1791::
1776::
1493:12
1491:.
1487:.
1457:.
1341:.
1330:^
1317:,
1309:,
1301:,
1289:,
1285:,
1217:^
1159:^
1128:^
1076:^
1062:.
1054:.
1044:47
1042:.
1038:.
1008:.
1000:.
988:.
939:^
923:.
888:.
882:.
848:^
815:,
645:.
625:,
621:,
617:,
609:,
605:,
601:,
593:,
589:,
585:,
577:,
573:,
569:,
565:,
561:,
557:,
553:,
549:,
545:,
541:,
537:,
533:,
529:,
525:,
517:,
509:,
497:,
493:,
489:,
485:,
477:,
469:,
465:,
461:,
457:,
419:,
415:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
395:,
391:,
387:,
383:,
379:,
375:,
371:,
367:,
355:,
351:,
347:,
323:.
276:.
1725:)
1716:)
1707:)
1662:)
1575:e
1568:t
1561:v
1512:.
1499::
1472:.
1443:.
1417:.
1382:.
1356:.
1305::
1297::
1267:.
1240:.
1211:.
1185:.
1153:.
1123:.
1109:.
1070:.
1050::
1023:.
996::
983:"
979:"
966:.
933:.
909:.
896::
880:"
876:"
246:(
95:)
78:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
