447:
3405:
Limited, 2001. Excerpt from pg 24: "Under Soviet auspices and in accordance with Soviet nationalism, historical
Azerbaijan proper was reinterpreted as 'Southern Azerbaijan', with demands for liberation and, eventually, for 're'-unification with Northern (Soviet) Azerbaijan a breathtaking manipulation. No need to point to concrete Soviet political activities in this direction, as in 1945–46 etc. The really interesting point is that in the independent former Soviet republics, this typically Soviet ideological pattern has long outlasted the Soviet Union."
81:
3926:
3851:
3542:
3529:
917:
3570:
3517:
3504:
2146:
3620:
3591:
132:
3608:
3583:
3558:
2133:
757:
of the province's name – it is often assumed that
Azerbaijani is the main language of the province as a whole. However, our own preliminary investigations of this topic, which are based on district-by-district calculations... suggest that Kurdish may in fact be the mother tongue of a slight majority of the province's population.
756:
As is the case for most other parts of Iran, there are no reliable or detailed data on language distribution in West
Azerbaijan Province. A number of districts in the province are majority Azerbaijani-speaking, including the capital city of Orumieh (Urmia). Because of this – and perhaps also because
3404:
Bert G. Fragner, 'Soviet
Nationalism': An Ideological Legacy to the Independent Republics of Central Asia ' in Van Schendel, Willem(Editor) . Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World: Nationalism, Ethnicity and Labour in the Twentieth Century. London , GBR: I. B. Tauris & Company,
630:
expelled them and reasserted
Iranian suzerainty over the region and far beyond. The Russian (Tsarist) army occupied the region in 1909, and again in 1912–1914 and 1915–1918 period. The Ottomans occupied the region in 1914–1915 and 1918–1919 periods. The Soviet forces occupied the region in 1941,
586:
gained an important role in all over the region. After
Hadhabanis, three other Kurdish principalities, Mukriyans in the southern part, Bradosti in the middle, and Donboli in the northern part ruled the region for centuries, who temporarily sided with either the Ottomans or Safavids. The
906:
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 2,831,779 people in 655,260 households. The following census in 2011 counted 3,080,576 inhabitants in 822,152 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 3,265,219 in 935,956 households.
1990:, and in Mahabad 11.6 °C. According to the same data, the highest temperature in the province reaches 34 °C in July, and the lowest temperature is –16 °C in January. The maximum change of temperature in summer is 4 °C and in winter 15 °C.
2663:
The
Armenian defeat in the Battle of Avarayr in 451 proved a pyrrhic victory for the Persians. Though the Armenians lost their commander, Vartan Mamikonian, and most of their soldiers, Persian losses were proportionately heavy, and Armenia was allowed to remain
2634:
So spirited was the
Armenian defense, however, that the Persians suffered enormous losses as well. Their victory was pyrrhic and the king, faced with troubles elsewhere, was forced, at least for the time being, to allow the Armenians to worship as they
701:
Periodic severe fighting from 1979 until the 1990s near to boundaries of Iraq-Iran between
Kurdish militia belonging to Kurdish political parties and the Iranian government. During the early 1980s parts of the province were outside central government's
642:
The districts of Maku, Khoy, Salmas, and
Arasbaran, and the region of Urmia, according to 19th-century administrative division became a part of the northwestern Iranian province of Azerbaijan. In 1937 the province was renamed to
1977:
Cold northern winds affect the province during winter and cause heavy snow. According to existing meteorological data, local temperatures vary within the province. Average temperature differs from 9.4 °C in
2879:
4351:
3901:
2035:
illustrate the strategic importance and tumultuous history of the province through the millennia. Overall, the province enjoys a wealth of historical attractions, with 169 sites registered by the
3054:
582:. The Seljuk Turkic tribes, who the local Hadhabani Kurds initially resisted, eventually conquered the region in the 11th and early 12th centuries. During Timurid rule in the 14th century,
1294:
3131:
2300:
307:
3882:
2479:"کوردستان میدیا: دۆخی ئاسەوارە مێژووییەکانی پارێزگای ئورمیە بە هۆی دابین نەکردنی بوودجە و کەمتەرخەمی بەرپرسانی رێژیم زۆر نالەبارە و ئەگەری لە ناو چوونیان و فەوتانیان هەیە"
2623:
446:
2396:"Current issues in Kurdish linguistics: Kordestan Province in the Atlas of the Languages of Iran: Research process, language distribution, and language classification"
922:
The population history and structural changes of West Azerbaijan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
513:
one. Although the Persians were victorious on the battlefield itself, the battle proved to be a major strategic victory for Armenians, as Avarayr paved the way to the
3175:
2532:"Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the country divisions of West Azerbaijan province, centered in the city of Urmia"
3481:
94:
3454:
3160:مردم این بخش به زبانهای تركی و كردی گفت‌وگو می‌كنند و از لحاظ مذهبی تركی زبانان پیرو مذهب شیعۀ دوازده امامی، و كردی زبانها، سنی شافعی مذهب‌اند
3670:
3367:
3211:
2070:"There they lie in peace away from their homeland, and the testimonial epitaphs on their tombs signify their endeavor and devotion to humanity."
80:
3875:
2036:
184:
732:
There are no official statistics on the ethnic or linguistic makeup of Western Azerbaijan. Most of the population of the province consists of
2692:
2090:
562:
were actively trying to round off their eastern territories, in an attempt to absorb the unstable Armenian dynasties. In 1021-1022 emperor
2569:
2403:
558:
revolted, the grip of the Abbasid caliphate weakened, allowing some native dynasties to rise. By the first half of the 11th century, the
3765:
288:
647:(Northwestern Province). Shortly after it the province of Azerbaijan was divided into a western and eastern part which were renamed to
3705:
3474:
2773:
2308:
1299:
According to the 2016 census, 2,136,203 people (over 65% of the population of West Azerbaijan province) live in the following cities:
2137:
4370:
3868:
3393:
2866:
2747:
2684:
2596:
626:
but during the Afghan invasion (1722–1728) more than a century later, the Ottomans captured the northwestern regions of Iran, until
2857:"As a matter of fact, only untrustworthy and late traditions place Zoroaster's birthplace at Urmia." Tarbiyat, Muḥammad Ali (1935)
688:
2531:
2263:
466:
sphere of influence. Mannaeans in turn spoke a language related to Urartian. After the fall of Assyria, the region was known as
3815:
3663:
2656:
2095:
490:
441:
429:
382:
2763:
3467:
3183:
2765:
Studies in Caucasian History I. New Light on the Shaddadids of Ganja II. The Shaddadids of Ani III. Prehistory of Saladin
2478:
2062:
and a team of American medical associates. Cochran and his colleagues were buried in an old cemetery in the vicinity of
1998:
Permanent settlements were established in the province as early as the 6th millennium BC as excavation at sites such as
497:
civilisation. On 26 May 451 AD, a very important battle was fought that would prove pivotal in Armenian history. On the
4183:
1443:
38:
3276:
3307:
4380:
4375:
4317:
3656:
2988:
3308:"The city of Nelas was separated from Vazineh District and annexed to Sardasht County in West Azerbaijan province"
595:
and local Bradosti Kurds took place in this region. After a long and bloody siege led by the Safavid grand vizier
4151:
1892:
1623:
4156:
3805:
3710:
3597:
1727:
1483:
386:
374:
31:
3371:
2014:
is another significant site, where a metal plaque dating from 800 BC was found that depicts a scene from the
3820:
3790:
2628:
607:
ordered a general massacre in Bradost and Mukriyan (reported by Eskandar Beg, Safavid historian in the book
295:
4307:
4302:
3939:
195:
719:, Chichest or Ganzak; recent scholarship, however, indicates that sites in Central Asia are more likely.
4322:
3444:
3245:
3219:
3107:
2911:
2739:
200:
3136:
2884:
2706:
2504:
2431:
2367:
2339:
2189:
358:
276:
3850:
4327:
4282:
3785:
3755:
2362:
2032:
695:
636:
571:
548:
463:
409:
354:
3435:
2334:
810:
have a mixed population of both Azerbaijanis and Kurds. Salmas moreover has a Christian minority.
350:
4312:
4168:
3770:
3760:
3735:
3630:
1201:
596:
486:
394:
250:
3422:
2957:
2679:, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century, Palgrave Macmillan,
2788:: publisher: Routledge & Kegan Paul, University of California, Volume 2, Issues 5-8, p. 476
2561:
2395:
2002:
establish. In Hasanlu, a famous Golden Vase was found in 1958. The province is the location of
752:. On the question of linguistic majority of the province, linguist Anonby argued in 2019 that:
4100:
3775:
3725:
3679:
3459:
3389:
2862:
2769:
2759:
2743:
2688:
2680:
2652:
2592:
2016:
1413:
1137:
977:
779:
623:
604:
506:
437:
370:
342:
327:
272:
258:
71:
3337:
4083:
3986:
3981:
3964:
3934:
3780:
3745:
3730:
3700:
3695:
3449:
3246:"Approval letter regarding country divisions in Miandoab County of West Azarbaijan province"
3112:
3085:
3036:
2992:
2939:
2916:
2889:
2619:
2562:"همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)"
2177:
2082:
2075:
2047:
2003:
1931:
1573:
1121:
1009:
993:
787:
775:
616:
600:
588:
559:
555:
319:
284:
264:
166:
58:
3019:بیشتر مردم این شهرستان را آذربایجانیها تشکیل می‌دهند، اما شماری از روستاهای آن کردنشین است.
4178:
4146:
4117:
4044:
3840:
3825:
3810:
3795:
3750:
3690:
3635:
3439:
3354:
2239:
2208:
2055:
1403:
1185:
1153:
1073:
795:
783:
745:
533:
398:
390:
144:
528:
satrapy to the east. The name Adhurpadagan, later Arabicized to Azerbaijan, derives from
3925:
2426:
4337:
4297:
4292:
4277:
4272:
4066:
4037:
4015:
3720:
3151:
2539:
2059:
1333:
1105:
1089:
1041:
799:
771:
514:
401:
280:
149:
2709:. In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W. P. Heinrichs (eds.).
4364:
4267:
4129:
4110:
3969:
3835:
3740:
3715:
3116:
3089:
3040:
2943:
2920:
2585:
2268:
1999:
1663:
1383:
1169:
803:
498:
3277:"Approval letter regarding reforms of country divisions in West Azerbaijan province"
3010:
2894:
4224:
4212:
4190:
3947:
3800:
2051:
1523:
1249:
1233:
1217:
961:
945:
807:
767:
733:
681:
632:
612:
482:
362:
450:
The region of the modern province as Matiene, as opposed to Atropatene to the east
3860:
3368:"Penn Museum - University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology"
3283:(in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commmission. Archived from
2996:
4244:
4205:
4173:
4161:
4139:
4076:
4059:
4027:
3993:
2226:
2150:
1905:
1703:
1643:
1633:
1603:
1493:
1353:
1057:
1025:
791:
579:
525:
433:
2453:
17:
4287:
4105:
4032:
3547:
3534:
1987:
1979:
1966:
1879:
1840:
1553:
1453:
916:
716:
627:
544:
478:
471:
413:
378:
246:
412:. The province covers an area of 39,487 km, or 43,660 km including
109:
96:
4200:
4088:
1918:
1543:
1463:
1363:
741:
712:
529:
521:
494:
455:
241:
3388:
University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
2115:
3284:
2742:
and Brian C. Collins. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., Lanham, Maryland (1999),
2132:
517:(484 AD), which affirmed Armenia's right to practice Christianity freely.
4332:
4249:
4122:
4049:
3957:
3315:
2169:
2028:
1814:
1683:
1673:
1563:
1473:
592:
575:
563:
510:
467:
3314:(in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from
3252:(in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from
3218:(in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 04. Archived from
3182:(in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 04. Archived from
2824:
2538:(in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from
2307:(in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 04. Archived from
4239:
4071:
4020:
4008:
4003:
1969:, the province of West Azerbaijan is located on the northwest of Iran.
1853:
1801:
1593:
1513:
1433:
1393:
1373:
425:
405:
711:
Some Muslim researchers have proclaimed that the birth of the prophet
4234:
4134:
3974:
3575:
3522:
3509:
2024:
1827:
1613:
1533:
1313:
619:
region, where many of their descendants still reside of as of today.
536:
459:
346:
3648:
655:(Third Province), respectively. In 1961 Fourth province was renamed
4229:
4217:
4195:
4093:
4054:
3952:
3915:
2394:
Anonby, Erik; Mohammadirad, Masoud; Jaffer, Sheyholislami (2019).
2063:
1983:
1944:
1866:
1788:
1762:
1714:
1693:
1653:
1583:
1503:
1343:
1323:
737:
674:
667:
631:
resulting in the establishment of a short-lived, Soviet-supported
540:
502:
335:
159:
3998:
3625:
2120:
2007:
1775:
1423:
832:
749:
583:
567:
366:
331:
137:
37:
This article is about the Iranian province. For other uses, see
3864:
3652:
3463:
2363:"ASSYRIANS IN IRAN i. The Assyrian community (Āšūrīān) in Iran"
2105:
454:
The major known ancient civilization in the region was that of
4352:
List of cities, towns and villages in West Azerbaijan Province
3902:
List of cities, towns and villages in West Azerbaijan Province
3427:
3417:
547:
empire, who later was reinstated as the satrap of Media under
3253:
2100:
599:, which lasted from November 1609 to the summer of 1610, the
2110:
827:
3312:
Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
2074:
The province today has the following major institutions of
554:
In the 7th century this area was under Islamic rule. After
2985:
Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843–1914
2085:
1295:
List of cities in West Azerbaijan province by population
3432:
1982:
to 11.6 °C in Mahabad, while it is 9.8 °C in
2814:, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1946, p.97
2801:, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1946, p.94
3418:
Official website of West Azerbaijan Governor's Office
3212:"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)"
3176:"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)"
2301:"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)"
615:
in the region while deporting many Kurdish tribes to
505:
in West Azerbaijan province, the Armenian army under
2454:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
1965:
With an area of 43,660 square kilometers, including
4346:
4260:
3933:
3908:
2006:, site of some of the world's earliest evidence of
819:
West Azerbaijan Province Historical Population
470:(or Matiene) in Greek sources. Matiene bordered on
294:
257:
240:
232:
224:
219:
211:
206:
193:
182:
177:
165:
155:
143:
125:
53:
3433:West Azerbaijan Provincial Management Organization
2584:
666:Shaikh Ubeidullah Attacks, west and south of Lake
2726:, "Azerbaijan: Pre-Islamic History", K. Shippmann
2066:. Urmia University website says this about them:
574:, and obtained the surrender of royalty from the
3386:Hajji Firuz Tepe, Iran: the neolithic settlement
2677:The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times
2649:Faith in History: Armenians Rebuilding Community
662:Some events in the 19th and 20th centuries are:
603:was captured. All the defenders were killed and
85:Location of West Azerbaijan province within Iran
2427:"IRAN vii. NON-IRANIAN LANGUAGES (10). Aramaic"
754:
3445:West Azerbaijan Cultural Heritage Organization
3206:
3204:
3170:
3168:
3876:
3664:
3475:
3384:Voigt, Mary M. and Meadow, Richard H. (1983)
2909:Eagleton, W.; Neumann, R. (2012). "Mahābād".
2651:. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 40.
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
8:
2591:. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers.
2389:
2387:
2385:
818:
524:incorporated the area into the neighbouring
3490:Places adjacent to West Azerbaijan province
3130:R. I. Cole, Juan; Hassanpour, Amir (1990).
2810:The Kurdish Question, by W. G. Elphinston,
2797:The Kurdish Question, by W. G. Elphinston,
622:The Safavid control was firmly restored by
3883:
3869:
3861:
3671:
3657:
3649:
3482:
3468:
3460:
2262:OpenStreetMap contributors (24 May 2024).
1742:
1301:
817:
50:
2893:
924:
445:
2254:
2161:
1986:, 10.8 °C in Khoy, 9.4 °C in
639:, from November 1945 to November 1946.
493:, functioning as one of the cradles of
293:
256:
239:
218:
215:37,437 km (14,455 sq mi)
205:
176:
154:
124:
89:
3306:Mokhbar, Mohammad (24 December 1401).
2221:
2219:
2217:
2203:
2201:
2058:was also established there, headed by
2037:Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran
694:The foundation and destruction of the
687:The foundation and destruction of the
397:. West Azerbaijan province is part of
385:, as well as the Iranian provinces of
3100:
3098:
3082:Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition
3033:Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition
2936:Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition
2116:Islamic Azad University of Piranshahr
715:was in this area, in the vicinity of
231:
223:
210:
192:
181:
164:
142:
77:
7:
3497:
3275:Davodi, Parviz (18 September 1386).
2091:Urmia University of Medical Sciences
334:, whose capital and largest city is
3455:Lake Urmia UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
3423:West Azerbaijan's Government Portal
3250:Laws and Regulations Portal of Iran
2736:Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan
2193:
2181:
323:
194: • Representative of the
62:
3281:Islamic Parliament Research Center
2861:Tehran, p. 162, reissued in 1999,
2768:page 52, CUP Archive, 1 jan. 1953
2572:from the original on 23 June 2014.
2121:Islamic Azad University of Mahabad
673:Simko Insurrections, west of Lake
408:by Turkey's short border with the
25:
3244:Jahangiri, Ishaq (31 July 2021).
2505:"Erdhejê parêzgeha Urmiyê hejand"
2406:from the original on 15 July 2021
2106:Islamic Azad University of Salmas
2086:دانشگاه ارومیه | Urmia University
489:and made up an important part of
3924:
3849:
3618:
3606:
3589:
3581:
3568:
3556:
3540:
3527:
3515:
3502:
3117:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6560
3090:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7169
3041:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0640
2944:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7746
2921:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4770
2812:Journal of International Affairs
2799:Journal of International Affairs
2583:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1999).
2144:
2131:
2101:Islamic Azad University of Urmia
915:
438:Azerbaijan (Iran) § History
130:
79:
2895:10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_7182
2111:Islamic Azad University of Khoi
2050:was first built by an American
1744:
520:In the late 4th century AD the
2530:Habibi, Hassan (7 July 1369).
2096:Urmia University of Technology
786:are populated by Kurds, while
740:, with smaller populations of
689:Azerbaijan People's Government
442:History of the name Azerbaijan
430:Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
383:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
1:
4328:Baghchejogh museum and palace
3607:
3557:
3450:Recent photos from Azerbaijan
2675:Richard G. Hovannisian, 2004,
698:in 1946 in County of Mahabad;
474:situated east of Lake Urmia.
3590:
3582:
3061:(in Persian). 21 August 2018
2997:10.1017/CBO9781139522496.006
2848:Balādâorī and Ebn Kordādâbeh
2707:"Ādharbaydjān (Azerbāydjān)"
2568:(in Persian). 22 June 2014.
2023:Ruins such as these and the
659:by the Iranian authorities.
345:of the country, bordered by
2027:world heritage site at the
39:Azerbaijan (disambiguation)
4397:
3766:Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
3055:"تاریخچه شهرستان میاندوآب"
2989:Cambridge University Press
2647:Susan Paul Pattie (1997).
2335:"ARMENIANS OF MODERN IRAN"
2264:"West Azerbaijan Province"
1943:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1774:
1761:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1292:
423:
189:Mohammad-Sadegh Motamedian
48:Province in Region 3, Iran
36:
29:
3922:
3899:
3847:
3706:Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
3686:
3495:
2958:"درباره شهرستان پیرانشهر"
2878:Hassanpour, Amir (1989).
2859:Dānishmandān-i Āzarbayjān
2425:Windfuhr, Gernot (2006).
2333:Amurian, A.; Kasheff, M.
926:West Azerbaijan Province
845:—
458:, a buffer state between
375:Sulaymaniyah Governorates
90:
78:
69:
4371:West Azerbaijan province
3892:West Azerbaijan province
3598:East Azerbaijan province
3587:West Azerbaijan province
2784:Ehsan Yar-Shater, 1982,
2138:West Azerbaijan Province
911:Administrative divisions
501:, at what is modern-day
316:West Azerbaijan province
57:
55:West Azerbaijan Province
32:East Azerbaijan province
30:Not to be confused with
3428:Urmia sport news agency
3342:Encyclopædia Britannica
2750:(retrieved 7 June 2006)
2587:Armenian Van/Vaspurakan
1739:Cities and larger towns
566:led his army as far as
477:The region is known as
404:. It is separated from
4308:St. Thaddeus Monastery
3816:Sistan and Baluchestan
2962:Payame Noor University
2711:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2194:غربی آذربایجان اوستانی
2054:missionary in 1878. A
759:
728:Language and ethnicity
651:(Fourth Province) and
570:within 175 km of
549:Alexander of Macedonia
451:
236:87/km (230/sq mi)
4323:Jameh Mosque of Urmia
3108:Encyclopedia of Islam
2934:Minorsky. "Us̲h̲nū".
2912:Encyclopedia of Islam
2786:Encyclopaedia Iranica
2740:Tadeusz Swietochowski
2705:Minorsky, V. (2007).
2458:hdi.globaldatalab.org
2242:after the 2016 census
2229:after the 2006 census
2211:after the 2016 census
2140:at Wikimedia Commons
449:
201:Seyed Mehdi Ghoreishi
3374:on 16 December 2008.
3318:on 28 September 2023
3189:on 20 September 2011
3137:Encyclopedia Iranica
3105:Bosworth. "Salmās".
3080:Minorsky, "Suldūz",
2983:Ateş, Sabri (2013).
2885:Encyclopedia Iranica
2724:Encyclopædia Iranica
2629:Encyclopædia Iranica
2432:Encyclopedia Iranica
2368:Encyclopedia Iranica
2340:Encyclopedia Iranica
611:) and resettled the
324:استان آذربایجان غربی
277:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
233: • Density
63:استان آذربایجان غربی
3216:Syracuse University
2542:on 20 December 2023
2174:Āzarbāyjān-e Gharbī
927:
820:
696:Republic of Mahabad
684:occupation in 1944;
677:from 1918 to 1922;
637:Republic of Mahabad
410:Azerbaijan Republic
326:) is one of the 31
106: /
4313:Chapel of Dzordzor
4169:Shahin Dezh County
3631:Kurdistan province
3438:2006-01-05 at the
3225:on 20 January 2023
3031:Minorsky. "Mākū".
2760:Minorsky, Vladimir
2622:(17 August 2011).
925:
609:Alam Aray-e Abbasi
560:Byzantine emperors
491:historical Armenia
452:
225: • Total
212: • Total
4381:Iranian Kurdistan
4376:Provinces of Iran
4358:
4357:
4318:St. George Church
4101:Piranshahr County
3858:
3857:
3680:Provinces of Iran
3646:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3357:a-gharbi.rmto.ir
3256:on 4 October 2021
3059:www.miandoabma.ir
2829:countrystudies.us
2693:978-1-4039-6421-2
2620:Hewsen, Robert H.
2314:on 30 August 2022
2136:Media related to
2017:Epic of Gilgamesh
1953:
1952:
1736:
1735:
1286:
1285:
904:
903:
509:clashed with the
507:Vardan Mamikonian
313:
312:
110:37.867°N 44.883°E
16:(Redirected from
4388:
4283:Takht-e Soleymān
4084:Oshnavieh County
3987:Qarah Zia od Din
3982:Chaypareh County
3965:Chaldoran County
3928:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3862:
3853:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3650:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3610:
3609:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3560:
3559:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3461:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3370:. Archived from
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3287:on 13 April 2014
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2875:
2869:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2821:
2815:
2808:
2802:
2795:
2789:
2782:
2776:
2757:
2751:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2702:
2696:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2590:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2566:Hamshahri Online
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2391:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2297:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2259:
2243:
2236:
2230:
2223:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2186:Parêzgeha Urmiyê
2183:
2166:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2135:
2083:Urmia University
2076:higher education
2048:Urmia University
2043:Higher education
2033:Takht-i-Suleiman
2004:Tepe Hajji Firuz
1932:Qarah Zia od Din
1743:
1574:Qarah Zia od Din
1302:
928:
919:
834:
829:
821:
766:The counties of
601:Castle of Dimdim
589:battle of DimDim
576:Artsruni dynasty
556:Babak Khorramdin
487:Armenian history
325:
305:
270:local languages:
259:Main language(s)
185:Governor-general
136:
134:
133:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
111:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
83:
64:
51:
27:Province of Iran
21:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4342:
4338:Ghoutour Bridge
4303:St. Mary Church
4256:
4147:Sardasht County
4118:Poldasht County
4045:Miandoab County
3937:
3929:
3920:
3904:
3895:
3889:
3859:
3854:
3845:
3831:West Azerbaijan
3806:Razavi Khorasan
3711:East Azerbaijan
3682:
3677:
3647:
3642:
3636:Zanjan province
3619:
3617:
3594:
3569:
3567:
3541:
3539:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3516:
3514:
3503:
3501:
3491:
3488:
3440:Wayback Machine
3414:
3409:
3403:
3399:
3383:
3379:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3353:
3349:
3344:. 29 June 2023.
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2991:. p. 176.
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2809:
2805:
2796:
2792:
2783:
2779:
2758:
2754:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2674:
2670:
2659:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2483:Kurdistan Media
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2393:
2392:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2299:
2298:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2240:Sardasht County
2238:Separated from
2237:
2233:
2225:Separated from
2224:
2215:
2209:Miandoab County
2207:Separated from
2206:
2199:
2184:, romanized as
2182:پارێزگای ئورمیە
2167:
2163:
2158:
2151:Iran portal
2145:
2143:
2129:
2056:medical faculty
2045:
1996:
1975:
1963:
1958:
1753:
1741:
1297:
1291:
913:
816:
764:
730:
725:
709:
707:Zoroaster claim
657:West Azerbaijan
444:
422:
387:East Azerbaijan
303:
302:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
269:
131:
129:
114:
112:
108:
105:
100:
97:
95:
93:
92:
86:
74:
65:
56:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:West Azarbaijan
15:
12:
11:
5:
4394:
4392:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4363:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4298:Shalmash Falls
4295:
4293:Zarrineh River
4290:
4285:
4280:
4278:Bastam Citadel
4275:
4273:Kelashin Stele
4270:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4067:Naqadeh County
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4016:Mahabad County
4013:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3944:
3942:
3931:
3930:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3821:South Khorasan
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:North Khorasan
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3653:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3580:
3578:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3537:
3512:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3413:
3412:External links
3410:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3377:
3359:
3347:
3329:
3298:
3267:
3236:
3200:
3164:
3158:(in Persian).
3143:
3122:
3094:
3072:
3046:
3023:
3017:(in Persian).
3002:
2975:
2949:
2926:
2901:
2870:
2850:
2841:
2825:"Iran - Kurds"
2816:
2803:
2790:
2777:
2774:978-0521057356
2752:
2728:
2716:
2697:
2668:
2657:
2639:
2611:
2597:
2575:
2553:
2522:
2509:KurdistanMedia
2496:
2470:
2445:
2417:
2402:. p. 10.
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2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2072:
2071:
2060:Joseph Cochran
2044:
2041:
1995:
1992:
1974:
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729:
726:
724:
721:
708:
705:
704:
703:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
645:Shomal-e gharb
515:Nvarsak Treaty
421:
418:
311:
310:
299:
292:
291:
261:
255:
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244:
238:
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196:Supreme Leader
191:
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115:37.867; 44.883
88:
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54:
47:
26:
24:
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10:
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4268:Teppe Hasanlu
4266:
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2000:Teppe Hasanlu
1993:
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499:Avarayr Plain
496:
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363:Van Provinces
360:
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341:It is in the
339:
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183: •
172:
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139:
128:
119:
91:Coordinates:
82:
73:
68:
60:
52:
46:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4225:Urmia County
4213:Takab County
4191:Showt County
3948:Bukan County
3891:
3830:
3586:
3400:
3385:
3380:
3372:the original
3362:
3355:Introduction
3350:
3341:
3338:"Azerbaijan"
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3316:the original
3311:
3301:
3289:. Retrieved
3285:the original
3280:
3270:
3258:. Retrieved
3254:the original
3249:
3239:
3227:. Retrieved
3220:the original
3215:
3193:25 September
3191:. Retrieved
3184:the original
3179:
3159:
3155:
3152:"تخت سلیمان"
3146:
3135:
3125:
3106:
3081:
3075:
3063:. Retrieved
3058:
3049:
3032:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3005:
2984:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2964:(in Persian)
2961:
2952:
2935:
2929:
2910:
2904:
2883:
2873:
2858:
2853:
2844:
2832:. Retrieved
2828:
2819:
2811:
2806:
2798:
2793:
2785:
2780:
2764:
2755:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2710:
2700:
2676:
2671:
2662:
2648:
2642:
2633:
2627:
2614:
2602:. Retrieved
2586:
2578:
2565:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2540:the original
2535:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2511:(in Kurdish)
2508:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2485:(in Kurdish)
2482:
2473:
2463:13 September
2461:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2436:. Retrieved
2430:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2399:
2372:. Retrieved
2366:
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2338:
2328:
2316:. Retrieved
2309:the original
2304:
2274:. Retrieved
2272:(in Persian)
2267:
2257:
2234:
2185:
2173:
2164:
2142:
2130:
2073:
2052:Presbyterian
2046:
2031:compound of
2022:
2015:
2011:
2010:production.
1997:
1976:
1964:
1720:
1713:
1524:Nazok-e Olya
1298:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
921:
914:
905:
765:
762:Distribution
755:
734:Azerbaijanis
731:
723:Demographics
717:Lake Orumieh
710:
661:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:
633:puppet state
621:
613:Afshar tribe
608:
605:Shah Abbas I
591:between the
553:
526:Adhurpadagan
519:
483:Nor Shirakan
476:
453:
340:
315:
314:
289:Lishán Didán
263:
171:
45:
43:
4206:Yowla Galdi
4174:Shahin Dezh
4140:Tazeh Shahr
4077:Mohammadyar
4060:Chahar Borj
4028:Maku County
3994:Khoy County
3322:21 December
3291:21 November
3229:19 December
2834:27 December
2546:20 December
2361:Macuch, R.
2318:19 December
2227:Khoy County
2190:Azerbaijani
1994:Archaeology
1906:Shahin Dezh
1704:Tazeh Shahr
1644:Shahin Dezh
1494:Mohammadyar
1354:Chahar Borj
1308:Population
1202:Shahin Dezh
635:called the
434:Persarmenia
281:Azerbaijani
113: /
4365:Categories
4288:Lake Urmia
4184:Mahmudabad
4106:Piranshahr
3786:Mazandaran
3756:Kermanshah
3548:Azerbaijan
3535:Azerbaijan
2664:Christian.
2658:1560986298
2604:22 January
2250:References
2012:Gooy Teppe
1988:Piranshahr
1980:Piranshahr
1967:Lake Urmia
1841:Piranshahr
1752:Population
1554:Piranshahr
1444:Mahmudabad
1293:See also:
1260:1,040,565
1138:Piranshahr
978:Chaharborj
814:Population
780:Piranshahr
628:Nadir Shah
624:Shah Abbas
545:Achaemenid
543:under the
479:Vaspurakan
472:Atropatene
424:See also:
414:Lake Urmia
379:Azerbaijan
268:(official)
220:Population
178:Government
4201:Marganlar
4179:Keshavarz
4089:Oshnavieh
3771:Kurdistan
3761:Khuzestan
3736:Hormozgan
3011:"چالدران"
2624:"AVARAYR"
2170:romanized
1956:Geography
1919:Oshnavieh
1544:Oshnavieh
1464:Marganlar
1404:Keshavarz
1364:Dizaj Diz
1281:3,265,219
1276:3,080,576
1271:2,831,779
1122:Oshnavieh
1010:Chaypareh
994:Chaldoran
897:3,265,219
886:3,080,576
875:2,831,779
864:1,971,677
853:1,087,182
788:Chaldoran
776:Oshnavieh
746:Assyrians
742:Armenians
713:Zoroaster
597:Hatem Beg
530:Atropates
522:Sasanians
456:Mannaeans
395:Kurdistan
343:northwest
328:provinces
247:UTC+03:30
242:Time zone
228:3,265,219
4333:Segonbad
4250:Silvaneh
4152:Sardasht
4123:Poldasht
4050:Miandoab
4038:Bazargan
3958:Simmineh
3935:Counties
3776:Lorestan
3726:Golestan
3436:Archived
3132:"ČAHRĪQ"
3065:21 March
2713:. Brill.
2570:Archived
2536:Lamtakam
2515:21 March
2489:21 March
2404:Archived
2127:See also
2029:Sasanian
1961:Location
1893:Sardasht
1819:134,425
1815:Miandoab
1806:168,393
1793:193,501
1780:198,845
1767:736,224
1684:Simmineh
1674:Silvaneh
1624:Sardasht
1564:Poldasht
1478:134,425
1474:Miandoab
1438:168,393
1428:198,845
1414:Khalifan
1348:193,501
1334:Bazargan
1196:118,849
1186:Sardasht
1180:196,546
1154:Poldasht
1148:138,864
1116:127,671
1084:273,949
1074:Miandoab
1052:236,849
1036:348,664
972:251,409
931:Counties
796:Miandoab
784:Sardasht
702:control.
670:in 1880;
649:Chaharom
617:Khorasan
593:Safavids
564:Basil II
511:Sasanian
495:Armenian
468:Mantiene
464:Assyrian
460:Urartian
273:Armenian
167:Counties
150:Region 3
72:Province
4261:Tourism
4240:Qushchi
4157:Mirabad
4072:Naqadeh
4021:Mahabad
4009:Ivughli
4004:Firuraq
3909:Capital
3781:Markazi
3746:Isfahan
3731:Hamadan
3701:Bushehr
3696:Ardabil
3260:3 March
3223:(Excel)
3187:(Excel)
2968:15 July
2880:"BŪKĀN"
2762:(1953)
2695:, p. 92
2438:25 July
2410:15 July
2374:25 July
2346:25 July
2312:(Excel)
2266:(Map).
2178:Kurdish
1973:Climate
1949:25,381
1936:26,767
1923:39,801
1910:43,131
1897:46,412
1884:46,581
1871:49,677
1858:81,598
1854:Naqadeh
1845:91,515
1832:92,811
1802:Mahabad
1754:(2016)
1728:Zurabad
1721:736,224
1698:49,677
1668:17,804
1658:25,381
1648:43,131
1628:46,412
1618:92,811
1608:15,750
1594:Qushchi
1578:26,767
1568:11,472
1558:91,515
1548:39,801
1518:81,598
1514:Naqadeh
1484:Mirabad
1458:46,581
1434:Mahabad
1394:Ivughli
1374:Firuraq
1257:963,738
1254:856,914
1244:80,556
1228:55,682
1212:92,456
1193:111,590
1190:104,146
1177:192,591
1174:180,708
1164:42,170
1145:123,639
1142:107,677
1132:73,886
1113:121,602
1110:117,831
1106:Naqadeh
1090:Mirabad
1081:260,628
1078:245,153
1068:94,751
1062:174,578
1049:215,529
1046:197,441
1042:Mahabad
1033:354,309
1030:365,573
1020:47,292
1004:45,060
969:224,628
966:202,637
842:721,136
800:Naqadeh
772:Mahabad
534:Iranian
426:Matiene
420:History
406:Armenia
355:Hakkâri
320:Persian
285:Kurdish
265:Persian
156:Capital
126:Country
101:44°53′E
98:37°52′N
59:Persian
4347:Places
4235:Nushin
4135:Salmas
3975:Avajiq
3940:cities
3894:, Iran
3841:Zanjan
3826:Tehran
3811:Semnan
3796:Qazvin
3751:Kerman
3691:Alborz
3623:
3576:Turkey
3573:
3545:
3532:
3523:Turkey
3520:
3510:Turkey
3507:
3392:
2865:
2772:
2746:
2691:
2683:
2655:
2635:chose.
2595:
2276:24 May
2025:UNESCO
1828:Salmas
1732:1,147
1708:8,629
1688:1,345
1678:1,614
1638:1,800
1614:Salmas
1598:2,787
1588:5,147
1538:8,380
1534:Nushin
1528:2,667
1508:2,973
1498:9,313
1488:6,000
1468:2,294
1448:6,866
1408:4,138
1398:3,320
1388:4,201
1378:9,190
1368:8,282
1358:9,406
1338:9,979
1328:4,225
1318:1,663
1314:Avajiq
1289:Cities
1241:78,122
1238:81,395
1225:52,519
1209:91,113
1206:89,356
1170:Salmas
1161:42,071
1129:70,030
1126:63,798
1065:88,863
1017:43,206
1001:46,398
998:44,572
878:+43.6%
867:+81.4%
856:+50.8%
804:Salmas
748:, and
682:Soviet
537:satrap
440:, and
399:Region
393:, and
391:Zanjan
377:) and
347:Turkey
298:(2017)
145:Region
135:
4245:Serow
4230:Urmia
4218:Takab
4196:Showt
4162:Rabat
4094:Nalus
4055:Baruq
3953:Bukan
3916:Urmia
3721:Gilan
2168:Also
2156:Notes
2064:Urmia
1984:Urmia
1945:Showt
1867:Takab
1789:Bukan
1763:Urmia
1749:City
1746:Rank
1715:Urmia
1694:Takab
1654:Showt
1634:Serow
1604:Rabat
1584:Qatur
1504:Nalus
1344:Bukan
1324:Baruq
1266:Total
1250:Urmia
1234:Takab
1218:Showt
962:Bukan
946:Baruq
940:2016
900:+6.0%
889:+8.8%
808:Takab
768:Bukan
738:Kurds
675:Urmia
668:Urmia
653:sevom
541:Media
532:, an
503:Churs
371:Erbil
359:Iğdır
336:Urmia
301:0.758
160:Urmia
4033:Maku
3999:Khoy
3938:and
3836:Yazd
3741:Ilam
3716:Fars
3626:Iraq
3390:ISBN
3324:2023
3293:2023
3262:2023
3231:2022
3195:2022
3180:AMAR
3156:CGIE
3067:2021
3015:CGIE
2970:2021
2863:ISBN
2836:2023
2770:ISBN
2744:ISBN
2689:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2653:ISBN
2606:2011
2593:ISBN
2548:2023
2517:2020
2491:2020
2465:2018
2440:2021
2412:2021
2376:2021
2348:2021
2320:2022
2305:AMAR
2278:2024
2008:wine
1880:Maku
1776:Khoy
1454:Maku
1424:Khoy
1418:749
1305:City
1058:Maku
1026:Khoy
937:2011
934:2006
894:2016
883:2011
872:2006
861:1986
850:1966
839:1956
828:Pop.
824:Year
806:and
792:Maku
782:and
750:Jews
736:and
680:The
584:Khoy
572:Dvin
568:Khoy
481:and
462:and
373:and
367:Iraq
361:and
351:Ağrı
332:Iran
308:26th
304:high
251:IRST
207:Area
138:Iran
3801:Qom
3113:doi
3086:doi
3037:doi
2993:doi
2940:doi
2917:doi
2890:doi
2738:by
2400:HAL
2172:as
580:Van
578:of
539:of
485:in
381:'s
365:),
330:of
296:HDI
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2020:.
1941:15
1928:14
1915:13
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1876:10
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988:—
956:—
833:±%
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794:,
790:,
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744:,
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