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299:. The West End House served as a center for social and community life in Boston's West End neighborhood for over 60 years, opening its doors to young immigrant boys from a myriad of different ethnic and national backgrounds. The urban renewal plans of the 1950s and 1960s, which saw the near complete upheaval of the original West End neighborhood, negatively affected the community center's membership since much of the neighborhood's immigrant population was subsequently displaced. In 1971, thanks in large part to the fundraising efforts of alumni of the original West End House, the West End House was relocated to
276:'s domed granite building, built 1816–1825 (today known as the Bulfinch Pavilion), and the West End Market on the corner of Grove and Cambridge Streets. Constructed in 1810, this historic market did not survive the area's redevelopment in the 1950s. Bulfinch's architecture of newer large brick buildings with gardens attracted many of Boston's wealthier citizens. By 1810, the West End was inhabited by wealthy business men, merchants, and lawyers. Many would soon move to the nearby Beacon Hill, turning the West End into an African American community and stopping point for new immigrants.
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735:, described the West End as "a typical neighborhood" and "not blighted." The perception of the neighborhood as a slum was mostly held by wealthy outsiders and was enhanced by city policy. For example, the city stopped collecting garbage and cleaning the streets, leaving the neighborhood a mess. A photographer for a local newspaper was even assigned to go to the West End, overturn a trashcan, and take a picture of it to create the impression of a blighted neighborhood.
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354:. This encouraged middle and working class free African Americans to move into the nearby North slope and West End. After the Civil War, the West End continued to be an important center of African American culture. It was one of the few locations in the United States at the time where African Americans had a political voice. At least one black resident from the West End sat on Boston's community council during every year between 1876 and 1895.
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754:, published with the tag line, "Printed in the Spirit of the Mid-Town Journal and Dedicated to Being the Collective Conscience of Urban Renewal and Eminent Domain in the City of Boston." The destruction of the West End community led to a strong distaste for urban renewal in Boston. In 2015, Boston Redevelopment Authority director
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806:. Here there are a few pubs and restaurants that feed off the traffic traveling to and from Faneuil Hall and the Garden. The residential areas that have been rebuilt are primarily upscale highrises, though the neighborhood is currently making strides to re-establish the close knit community that once was. The
224:. Beginning in 1807, parts of Beacon Hill were used to fill in a small bay and mill pond that separated Beacon Hill and the West End from the North End. Today the neighborhood consists primarily of superblocks containing high rise residential towers. The West End borders the Charles River between the
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The negative effect of urban renewal on the former residents of the West End has been well documented. Between one quarter and one half of the former residents were relocated to substandard housing with higher rents than they were previously paying. Approximately 40% also suffer from severe long term
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Many building owners were not adequately compensated for their property. Due to city law, as soon as tenement buildings were condemned by the BRA, the city became the legal owner. This meant that building owners had no income as rent was paid directly to the city. Soon owners became desperate to sell
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In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Boston's waterfront and North End were becoming overcrowded, and many of the city's well off residents took the opportunity to develop the area now known as the West End. At that time, the area was separated from the older neighborhoods by a small bay. The
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In
October 1957, the BRA held a hearing on the new project. At least 200 West End residents attended and the consensus was overwhelmingly opposed to the plan. The Save the West End committee was formed with the support of Joseph Lee to organize protests against the new development. Most residents
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The plan involved completely leveling a 46-acre (190,000 m) portion of the West End, displacing 2,700 families to make way for 5 residential high rise complexes that would contain only 477 apartments. The new development was aimed towards upper middle class residents: most of those displaced
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began to immigrate into the West End in large numbers. Many came to escape persecution in
Lithuania, Russia, and Poland. They formed a community in the West End and became a significant part of the population by 1910. They made their home in the neighborhood, constructing health centers, libraries,
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Today, the West End is a mixed-use commercial and residential area. A few non-residential areas were spared from the urban renewal of the 1950s, such as
Massachusetts General Hospital, the Charles Street Jail, and the Bulfinch Triangle—a small section surrounded by Causeway, Merrimac, and North
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The redevelopment of the West End was officially announced on April 11, 1953. Mayor Hynes and the BHA stated that the project would be beneficial to the neighborhood. The West End's narrow streets were a fire hazard and many of the buildings were not up to code, with approximately 80% of them
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afterwards. The motivation behind these projects was to replace neighborhoods that had been classified as slums with neighborhoods that would bring in increased tax revenues. It is estimated that before the renewal project, the tax revenue from the West End was approximately $ 546,000 a year.
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which was the home of Anshi
Lubuvicher from 1900 to 1972 are the only surviving West End synagogues. The Boston Synagogue is a newly merged congregation; the Vilna Shul at 16 Philips Street, which was outside the urban renewal demolition area, is now a synagogue museum, and the African American
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residential area with scattered businesses with small meandering roads much like the North End. According to most residents, the West End was a good place to live at this time. The once overcrowded neighborhood was in the process of "deslumming" and the population had dropped to around 7,500
823:. Originally constructed in the 1870s, the building survived multiple redevelopment attempts, as well as two fires. Called "The Last Tenement" due to it being the only tenement structure still located in the West End, it also has been home to an associate of the
746:. The entire net cost of the project was $ 15.8 million, not including the additional loss of tax dollars for the years that the West End was vacant. It is uncertain as to whether the increased tax revenue would ever be enough to justify the costs.
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groups. The wealthy and middle class business men were almost entirely gone, but many
African Americans remained in the neighborhood, making it one of Boston's most diverse. Among the many immigrant groups contributing to this melting pot were
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currently has a permanent exhibition outlining the history of the neighborhood and its residents, while the West End
Community Center hosts classes and events, in addition to putting on the annual West End Children's Festival.
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presented the opportunity to remake parts of Boston. The Boston
Housing Authority (BHA) held responsibility for developing Boston's urban renewal plans and was designated the city's local public authority for federal funds.
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Irish immigrants were among the first to settle the West End. After briefly passing through the North End, many Irish families moved on to the West and South ends. The West End soon developed a thriving Irish community.
442:. Lomasney, also known as "the Mahatma", was the ward boss of Boston's Ward 8 located in the West End. He was well known for taking care of the community that had developed there, especially the Irish families.
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by wealthy
Bostonians who did not live there. The working class residents of the West End felt strong ties to the community and so the plan would not become politically feasible until the 1950s.
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of the West End has been criticized for its destruction of a neighborhood and its careless implementation. One of the main criticisms of the project is that the neighborhood was not considered a
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The West End House was originally founded in 1906 as a community center for young immigrant boys. The community center's founding was funded by Boston-area philanthropist and investment banker
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The justification for razing the West End has also been called into question. Some say that, as one of the neighborhoods that supported the former mayor, it was in the political sights of
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residents. By the end of the 1950s, over half of the neighborhood would be completely leveled to be replaced with residential high rises as part of a large scale urban renewal project.
461:. It was from here that he began to provide social services, charity, and shelter for poor immigrants. In return, he was able to drum up votes and support from much of the neighborhood.
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Bulfinch spent much of his early career in the 1790s designing mansions, many of them in the West End and other Boston neighborhoods. One of the most famous examples of these was
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Meeting House is now a church museum. Over the Vilna Shul's ark is the double hand symbol for the
Kohanim, the ancient Israelite priests, which was the source for the Star Trek
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426:. For example, the old West Church, built in 1806 closed in 1892 due to lack of congregation. It reopened two years later as a library to better serve the new community.
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and many other
Eastern Europeans and Southern Europeans. It was during this period that the neighborhood's population reached its peak at approximately 23,000 residents
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architect Charles Bulfinch was responsible for much of Boston's architectural character at the time, and played a large part in this new development of the West End.
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and several high rise office buildings. More recently, however, new residential buildings and spaces, as well as new parks, have been appearing across the West End.
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project razed a large Italian and Jewish enclave and displaced over 20,000 people in order to redevelop much of the West End and part of the neighboring
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replaced the original street layout. The result was a neighborhood consisting of residential high rises, shopping centers and parking lots.
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would be found for them, and many were led to believe that they would be able to move back into the West End after the project was complete.
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in the heart of the neighborhood. The Hendricks began as a social club and gathering place, but later turned into the center of Lomasney's
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Belmont, Vivienne. “West End Residents Struggle to Raise Neighborhood's Profile: Old Loyalties Survive.” Boston: City in Transition.
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839:. 75.2% of residents were white, 16.2% were Asian, and 8.4% were some other race. Housing in the West End was about 89.3% occupied.
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and reimagined into a modernized co-ed center for youth development with a focus on the arts, academics, athletics, and leadership.
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The character of the area prior to the urban renewal can still be seen in existing commercial and mixed use building of the
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Washington Streets. Massachusetts General Hospital and the Charles Street Jail are located in the northwest section, while
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which was the former site of Scollay Square, comprises the southern section. Most of the northern section is covered by
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232:. The Charlesbank Playground runs along the bank of the river, but is separated from the rest of the neighborhood by
1033:(1834–1886), the first African-American graduate of Harvard Law School and the first black judge in the United States
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From the second half of the 19th century to the mid-20th century, Boston's West End became a home to many different
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to the west and northwest, North Washington Street on the north and northeast, and New Sudbury Street on the east.
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One of the few buildings (known as "The Last Tenement House") to survive the urban renewal of Boston's West End,
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Gilbert, David A (2007). "Why Dwell on a Lurid Memory?: Deviance and Redevelopment in Boston's Scollay Square".
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As part of a plan to create a "New Boston", the Boston Housing Authority (BHA) and its 1957 successor, the
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2019:"Appendix B: Black Persons of Prominence Who Resided in Boston's West End Section Prior to the Civil War"
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neighborhood. After that, the original West End became increasingly non-residential, including part of
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507:. The Vilna was the last of the approximately seven West End synagogues to stay open, closing in 1985.
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Benarsky, M. Leonard Nimoy, Boston Native, Dies at 83, Jamaica Plain Patch, February 27, 2015, 11:01am
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As a result of this immigration, the religious make-up of the neighborhood changed dramatically.
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By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Irish immigration had slowed and Eastern European
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268:. This historic building was the first of three that Bulfinch designed for the affluent lawyer
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administration came into power in 1949 city officials recognized that the federal government's
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believed that the project would not be realized, and so did not act until it was too late.
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by the residents, and instead had a strong sense of community. A later mayor of Boston,
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852:(1921–2008), photographer "remembered for his poignant portraits of Boston's West End"
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Literary Sisters: Dorothy West and Her Circle, A Biography of the Harlem Renaissance
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1294:"As BRA Seeks To Extend Urban Renewal Powers, Exhibit Looks At Controversial Past"
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grief reactions. Many former residents share their memories and grief through the
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1868:"BRA director offers formal apology for West End's demolition - The Boston Globe"
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to raze the West End to the ground. Working-class families were displaced, and
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The Last Tenement: Confronting Community and Urban Renewal in Boston's West End
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Residents received their eviction letters on April 25, 1958. The BRA used the
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The large-scale renewal of the West End was first proposed in the 1930s by
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Descriptive catalogue of a map of the town of Boston in 1775. Boston: 1866
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According to the city of Boston, the total population was 4,080 as of the
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2494:"Remembering Leonard Nimoy: A Look Back at His Time in Boston's West End"
2187:
Alan Emmet (1997). "Radishes and orchids: the Boott's garden in Boston".
156:, United States, bounded generally by Cambridge Street to the south, the
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1804:
Simonian, Kane. Urban Redevelopment Division, Boston Housing Authority.
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2762:. Boston: Post-Gazette, American Independence Edition. pp. 49–55.
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on which once sat former African American slaves and volunteers in the
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The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans
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The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans
1759:
The Federal Bulldozer: A Critical Analysis of Urban Renewal 1949–1962
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The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans
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inhabitants of Beacon Hill's south slope were strongly supportive of
220:. Much of the land on which the neighborhood lies is the product of
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1973:
576:, stands in one of the Super Blocks that was created by that project
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2166:. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire Press. pp. 58–60.
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Courage and Conscience: Black & White Abolitionists in Boston
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Boston Modern: Figurative Expressionism as Alternative Modernism
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labor unions, loan societies, orphanages, and synagogues. Actor
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27:
Neighborhood of Boston in Suffolk, Massachusetts, United States
2784:. Boston Public Library on Flickr. Images of West End, Boston.
979:(1870–1947), first woman to ride around the world on a bicycle
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One of the survivors of the West End's redevelopment phase is
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officially apologized for the demolition of the neighborhood.
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West End project area looking northeasterly, circa 1959–1964
2129:
Greater Boston: Adapting Regional Traditions to the Present
1839:
The Slaughter of Cities: Urban Renewal and Ethnic Cleansing
1819:
The Slaughter of Cities: Urban Renewal and Ethnic Cleansing
2647:"It Happens Here: The Unique History Of Boston's West End"
1268:"The West End Through Time From Farmland to Subway Suburb"
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2340:
Boston Catholics: A History of the Church and Its People
495:. The Vilna Shul also has pews salvaged from the former
1934:
Love Made Visible: Scenes from a Mostly Happy Marriage
1246:"Historic photos of the Scollay Square transformation"
1893:"Boston's last tenement an island awash in modernity"
1841:
p.175, St. Augustine's Press, South Bend, IN, 2004.
1821:
p.524, St. Augustine's Press, South Bend, IN, 2004.
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churches moved away or shut down, to be replaced by
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north slope, became an important center of Boston's
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338:In the early 19th century the West End, along with
216:The West End occupies the northwest portion of the
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1806:The West End Project Report: A Redevelopment Study
1552:Whitehill, Walter Muir, and Kennedy, Lawrence W.,
1495:"Gaining Ground: 'Landmaking in Boston's West End"
523:By the 1950s, Boston's West End had turned into a
320:West End Adult Evening School, c. 1890s; photo by
2662:"Gaining Ground: Landmaking in Boston's West End"
2402:Wild Women of Boston: Mettle and Moxie in the Hub
2132:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 120.
1793:Building a New Boston: Politics and Urban Renewal
1676:Building a New Boston: Politics and Urban Renewal
937:(b. 1938), military officer and college professor
176:is across the Charles River to the west, and the
2557:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 85, 89–90.
2193:. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
2190:So Fine a Prospect: Historic New England Gardens
438:Later on, this community became associated with
3220:John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
2687:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
544:was passed. The neighborhood was considered a
453:Early in Lomasney's career, he established the
2702:Fisher, Sean M. (1992). Carolyn Hughes (ed.).
2248:The Other Brahmins: Boston's Black Upper Class
1795:, Northern University Press, 1993. pp. 126–27.
1533:, Northeastern University Press Boston, 2001.
925:(1831–1922), abolitionist and religious leader
287:, which was renovated into the Liberty Hotel.
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2324:, Somerville, Massachusetts, March 2010, p.3.
8:
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1808:. Boston, March 1953. Accessed 24 July 2014.
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1733:The Death and Life of Great American Cities
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1670:
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1203:"How Eminent Domain Destroys Neighborhoods"
739:their property at severely reduced prices.
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2318:"Thanks for keeping the West End together"
2012:
2010:
885:(1913–2009), artist and key figure in the
864:(1891–1969), suffragist, lawyer, and judge
634:
29:
2551:Mitchell, Verner; Davis, Cynthia (2011).
2008:
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2004:
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2000:
1998:
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1473:The Landscape Architect’s Guide to BOSTON
1055:(1826–1869), physician, Liberian colonist
3410:Planning & Development Agency (BPDA)
2252:. University of Arkansas Press. p.
1735:, page 287. Random House Inc. NY, 1961.
1556:3rd Ed, Harvard University Press, 2000.
330:History of the United States (1789–1849)
3160:Boston Convention and Exhibition Center
1142:
612:would not be able to afford to return.
279:Another early West End building is the
121:
104:
64:
47:
1597:Belfanti, Sebastian (7 October 2022).
1417:"THROWBACK: FIGHTING FOR THE WEST END"
973:(1743–1822), Revolutionary War soldier
636:Population of the West End, 1910–1950
478:was raised in this community. The new
2055:The Jewish Friendship Trail Guidebook
1937:. Interlink Publishing. p. 213.
1599:"» West End HouseThe West End Museum"
1272:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
540:Jr., among others, shortly after the
94:
84:
74:
7:
2835:
2027:. Indiana University Press. p.
977:Annie “Londonderry” Cohen Kopchovsky
501:54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
449:Junior baseball team, West End, 1915
346:community. The mostly affluent and
55:2007 view from the west, with former
2828:Places adjacent to West End, Boston
2442:Sammarco, Anthony Mitchell (1998).
1678:, Northern University Press, 1993.
1396:. The Cultural Landscape Foundation
1043:(1861–1943), civil rights activists
1015:(1773–1831), minister, abolitionist
2599:Collins, Monica (August 7, 2005).
2500:. 27 February 2015. Archived from
2405:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 73.
1891:Moskowitz, Eric (16 August 2015).
1774:, Harvard University Press, 1966.
1698:, Harvard University Press, 2000.
919:(1864-1927), journalist, librarian
266:the first Harrison Gray Otis House
25:
3170:Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum
2759:The North End: Where It All Began
1919:West End Neighborhood 2010 Census
1442:"RENEWAL IN BOSTON: GOOD AND BAD"
931:(1815–1873), pastor, abolitionist
3385:Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
2904:
2887:
2879:
2862:
1531:The Hub: Boston Past and Present
1155:BostonRedevelopmentAuthority.org
236:, a large crosstown expressway.
49:
3215:Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
2645:Merrill, Kate (July 26, 2018).
2058:. BostonWalks. pp. 86–87.
2017:Jacobs, Donald M., ed. (1993).
1554:Boston: A Topographical History
1177:Massachusetts Historical Review
18:West End, Boston, Massachusetts
2244:Cromwell, Adelaide M. (1994).
1415:Roberge, Pete (13 June 2016).
1095:Massachusetts General Hospital
582:Boston Redevelopment Authority
274:Massachusetts General Hospital
198:Massachusetts General Hospital
1:
3210:Institute of Contemporary Art
2905:
2863:
2788:The West End Community Center
2671:. Vol. 77, no. 266.
2284:Smith, Jessie Carney (1996).
1039:(1842–1924) and her daughter
985:(1751–1832), American patriot
180:is to the east. A late 1950s
3165:Boston Irish Famine Memorial
2888:
2880:
2628:The New York Review of Books
2337:O'Connor, Thomas H. (1998).
2287:Notable Black American Women
2217:Marcus, Jonathan P. (2003).
1376:FAH 198-05 GOVERNMENT CENTER
542:National Housing Act of 1934
3347:List of companies in Boston
3180:Dorchester Heights Monument
2793:Global Boston: The West End
2683:Del Vecchio, Frank (2016).
2160:Bookbinder, Judith (2005).
1037:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
3737:
3236:Appeal to the Great Spirit
2086:Morgenroth, Lynda (2007).
1021:(1923-2020), media magnate
967:(1905–1987), film producer
895:(1790–1837), industrialist
870:(1865–1959), art historian
600:substandard or marginal.
588:was leveled to create the
327:
3680:
3225:Massachusetts State House
3046:Colleges and universities
2833:
2660:Seasholes, Nancy (1999).
2126:Bass Warner, Sam (2001).
2052:Ross, Michael A. (2003).
1772:Dilemmas of Urban America
1620:West End House, 1906-1981
1493:Seasholes, Nancy (1999).
1061:(1796–1830), abolitionist
1049:(1820–1906), abolitionist
991:(1816–1874), abolitionist
955:(1801–1864), abolitionist
949:(1811–1889), abolitionist
943:(1756–1842), civic leader
913:(1794–1883), abolitionist
907:(1811–1873), abolitionist
858:(1796-1841), abolitionist
837:2010 United States Census
782:, located in the West End
706:
503:popularized by the movie
48:
39:
2782:Boston Pictorial Archive
2094:. Beacon Press. p.
878:Berklee College of Music
876:(1908–1995), founder of
780:Boston Museum of Science
744:the Hynes administration
334:African American history
312:African American history
285:Gridley James Fox Bryant
230:Charles River Dam Bridge
3721:Neighborhoods in Boston
3205:Hynes Convention Center
3011:Boston Marathon bombing
2290:. VNR AG. p. 239.
1346:"Scollay Square Boston"
1067:(1872–1953), politician
1009:(1765–1848), politician
324:(Boston Public Library)
3672:New England Revolution
3662:New England Free Jacks
2685:City Streets: A Memoir
1761:, The MIT Press, 1964.
1151:"Boston Neighborhoods"
856:James George Barbadoes
783:
771:
720:
577:
520:
497:Twelfth Baptist Church
450:
325:
257:
213:
42:Neighborhood of Boston
2754:Langone, Frederick C.
2710:The Bostonian Society
2343:. UPNE. p. 143.
1931:Gibran, Jean (2014).
1791:O'Connor, Thomas H.,
1694:O'Connor, Thomas H.,
1674:O'Connor, Thomas H.,
1529:O'Connor, Thomas H.,
1041:Florida Ruffin Ridley
862:Jennie Loitman Barron
777:
769:
752:West Ender Newsletter
718:
571:
518:
488:African Meeting House
448:
319:
247:
211:
196:) as well as much of
3667:New England Patriots
3249:New England Aquarium
3175:Bunker Hill Monument
2669:Old-Time New England
2621:(February 1, 1963).
2528:Historic New England
2399:Vargo, Dina (2015).
1966:"About Jules Aarons"
1644:, Free Press, 1962.
1502:Old-Time New England
1100:Mission Hill, Boston
1089:Leverett Street Jail
1027:(1922–1999), actress
887:Boston Expressionist
532:Political background
283:(1851), designed by
3327:Innovation district
3230:Museum of Fine Arts
3031:Diplomatic missions
2379:The West End Museum
2223:. MBI. p. 50.
1770:Weaver, Robert C.,
1618:Ueda, Reed (1949).
1504:. Spring/Summer: 24
1378:. Tufts University.
1234:. 16 February 2015.
1232:The West End Museum
1084:Charles Street Jail
1031:George Lewis Ruffin
1001:John Boyle O'Reilly
989:William Cooper Nell
901:(1912–1949), singer
637:
621:Housing Act of 1949
557:Housing Act of 1949
281:Charles Street Jail
58:Charles Street Jail
3470:Financial District
3337:Route 128 corridor
3317:Financial District
2926:Financial District
2638:by Herbert J. Gans
2583:2011-06-07 at the
2450:Arcadia Publishing
2448:. Charleston, SC:
2375:"Important People"
1921:, cityofboston.gov
1757:Anderson, Martin,
1105:Nashua Street Park
1007:Harrison Gray Otis
997:(1931–2015), actor
959:Robert Dwyer Joyce
784:
772:
721:
635:
606:affordable housing
604:were assured that
578:
521:
519:Green Street, 1959
451:
326:
270:Harrison Gray Otis
258:
254:Harrison Gray Otis
214:
60:buildings at right
3703:
3702:
3475:Government Center
3322:Government Center
3259:Paul Revere House
3244:Museum of Science
3195:Franklin Park Zoo
3016:COVID-19 pandemic
2936:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2639:
2619:Glazer, Nathan P.
2445:Boston's West End
1704:978-0-674-00310-1
1638:Gans, Herbert, J.
1469:"City Hall Plaza"
1390:"City Hall Plaza"
1372:"1. Introduction"
1065:Daniel A. Whelton
1003:(1844–1890), poet
961:(1830–1883), poet
923:Eliza Ann Gardner
804:Bulfinch Triangle
789:Government Center
713:
712:
593:Government Center
511:Urban destruction
459:political machine
226:Longfellow Bridge
218:Shawmut Peninsula
212:West End, c. 1769
190:Government Center
164:is to the south,
138:
137:
16:(Redirected from
3728:
3716:West End, Boston
3553:Leather District
3433:Allston–Brighton
3254:Old North Church
2972:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2940:
2908:
2907:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2882:
2866:
2865:
2836:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2799:
2771:
2749:
2737:
2728:Gans, Herbert J.
2723:
2698:
2672:
2666:
2656:
2641:
2633:
2623:"West End Story"
2614:
2606:The Boston Globe
2587:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
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2371:
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2272:
2270:
2251:
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2235:
2234:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2093:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2014:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1972:. Archived from
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1849:
1837:Jones, Michael,
1835:
1829:
1817:Jones, Michael,
1815:
1809:
1802:
1796:
1789:
1783:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1744:
1726:
1717:
1712:
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1692:
1686:
1672:
1653:
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1527:
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1511:
1509:
1499:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1467:Ross, Suzannah.
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1350:Lost New England
1344:Strahan, Derek.
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1325:. Boston College
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1264:
1258:
1257:
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1242:
1236:
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1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1147:
1110:National Theatre
1053:Isaac H. Snowden
965:Joseph E. Levine
917:George W. Forbes
868:Bernard Berenson
825:Angiulo Brothers
709:
638:
480:Boston Synagogue
465:Jewish community
344:African American
301:Allston-Brighton
297:James J. Storrow
256:in the West End.
250:Charles Bulfinch
248:The first house
222:land reclamation
53:
30:
21:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3676:
3652:Boston Marathon
3628:
3465:Downtown Boston
3419:
3351:
3294:
3288:
3141:
3058:Historic Places
2974:
2970:
2967:
2937:
2932:
2892:
2829:
2826:
2778:
2752:
2746:
2726:
2720:
2701:
2695:
2682:
2664:
2659:
2644:
2617:
2598:
2595:
2593:Further reading
2590:
2585:Wayback Machine
2576:
2572:
2565:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2504:on 1 March 2015
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2174:
2159:
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2120:
2110:
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2085:
2084:
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2070:
2068:
2066:
2051:
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2046:
2039:
2016:
2015:
1988:
1979:
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1964:
1963:
1959:
1949:
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1930:
1929:
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1917:
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1872:BostonGlobe.com
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1497:
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1475:
1466:
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1461:
1451:
1449:
1448:. 19 April 1964
1440:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1370:Noren, Anders.
1369:
1368:
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1354:
1352:
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1342:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1317:
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1312:
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1286:
1276:
1274:
1266:
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1261:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1228:"Urban Renewal"
1226:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1132:West End Museum
1121:Old West Church
1075:
1070:
1019:Sumner Redstone
935:Alan L. Gropman
845:
833:
821:42 Lomasney Way
817:
815:42 Lomasney Way
808:West End Museum
764:
756:Brian P. Golden
707:
633:
574:42 Lomasney Way
566:
534:
513:
467:
440:Martin Lomasney
432:
360:
336:
314:
309:
293:
242:
206:
96:Neighborhood of
61:
56:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3734:
3732:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3690:Greater Boston
3687:
3685:Suffolk County
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3657:Boston Red Sox
3654:
3649:
3647:Boston Celtics
3644:
3638:
3636:
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3627:
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3549:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3526:
3524:Harbor Islands
3521:
3519:Fenway–Kenmore
3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3507:Upham's Corner
3504:
3502:Columbia Point
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3462:
3457:
3452:
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3446:
3445:
3440:
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3427:
3421:
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3418:
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3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:Fenway–Kenmore
3309:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
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3240:
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3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
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3167:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3137:Transportation
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3117:Public Schools
3114:
3112:Public Library
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3072:
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2857:
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2847:
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2827:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2777:
2776:External links
2774:
2773:
2772:
2750:
2744:
2738:. Free Press.
2724:
2718:
2699:
2694:978-1534957909
2693:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2657:
2642:
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2326:
2322:The West Ender
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2044:
2037:
1986:
1957:
1943:
1923:
1911:
1883:
1859:
1850:
1830:
1810:
1797:
1784:
1763:
1745:
1718:
1707:
1687:
1654:
1625:
1610:
1589:
1578:West End House
1574:"Club History"
1565:
1542:
1515:
1485:
1459:
1446:New York Times
1433:
1407:
1381:
1362:
1336:
1319:"The West End"
1310:
1284:
1259:
1248:. Boston Globe
1237:
1219:
1194:
1167:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1107:
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1079:Bowdoin Square
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1016:
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983:Thomas Melvill
980:
974:
968:
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956:
953:John T. Hilton
950:
944:
938:
932:
929:Leonard Grimes
926:
920:
914:
908:
905:John P. Coburn
902:
896:
890:
880:
871:
865:
859:
853:
846:
844:
843:Notable people
841:
832:
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827:crime family.
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586:Scollay Square
565:
564:Implementation
562:
538:Nathan Strauss
533:
530:
512:
509:
466:
463:
455:Hendricks Club
431:
428:
359:
356:
313:
310:
308:
307:Ethnic history
305:
292:
291:West End House
289:
241:
238:
205:
202:
194:Scollay Square
174:Kendall Square
172:to the north,
168:is across the
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3695:Massachusetts
3693:
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3642:Boston Bruins
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3541:Jamaica Plain
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3487:Chestnut Hill
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3425:Neighborhoods
3422:
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3408:
3406:
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3400:Housing (BHA)
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
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3122:Sister cities
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2020:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
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2001:
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1976:on 2017-06-12
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1696:Boston A to Z
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995:Leonard Nimoy
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3618:
3597:South Boston
3563:Mission Hill
3546:Forest Hills
3370:City council
3365:City charter
3276:Constitution
3275:
3234:
3185:Faneuil Hall
3026:Demographics
3006:Bibliography
2996:Architecture
2884:
2852: /
2758:
2733:
2704:
2684:
2668:
2650:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2609:– via
2604:
2601:"Born Again"
2573:
2553:
2531:. Retrieved
2527:
2524:"Otis House"
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2497:
2488:
2444:
2437:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2401:
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2378:
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2339:
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2128:
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2089:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2054:
2047:
2023:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:the original
1970:Jules Aarons
1969:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1933:
1926:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:Boston Globe
1896:
1886:
1875:. Retrieved
1871:
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1818:
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1729:Jacobs, Jane
1710:
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1592:
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1501:
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1478:15 September
1476:. Retrieved
1472:
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1452:15 September
1450:. Retrieved
1445:
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1426:15 September
1424:. Retrieved
1420:
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1400:15 September
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1355:15 September
1353:. Retrieved
1349:
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1329:15 September
1327:. Retrieved
1322:
1313:
1303:15 September
1301:. Retrieved
1297:
1292:Oakes, Bob.
1287:
1277:15 September
1275:. Retrieved
1271:
1262:
1252:15 September
1250:. Retrieved
1240:
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1222:
1212:15 September
1210:. Retrieved
1206:
1197:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1158:. Retrieved
1154:
1145:
1126:Revere House
1059:David Walker
947:Lewis Hayden
850:Jules Aarons
834:
831:Demographics
818:
801:
785:
748:
741:
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722:
618:
614:
610:
598:
579:
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535:
525:working poor
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352:abolitionism
337:
294:
278:
263:
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215:
146:neighborhood
141:
139:
3514:East Boston
3482:Charlestown
3460:Beacon Hill
3455:Bay Village
3190:Fenway Park
3147:Attractions
3127:Skyscrapers
2921:Beacon Hill
2850:Charlestown
2845:Charlestown
2578:1880 Census
1207:youtube.com
1183:: 103–133.
1128:(1847–1912)
1112:(1836–1863)
1091:(1822–1851)
1013:Thomas Paul
941:Primus Hall
899:Buddy Clark
883:Hyman Bloom
762:Present day
631:Controversy
625:superblocks
482:, the 1919
393:Lithuanians
358:Immigration
322:A.H. Folsom
166:North Point
162:Beacon Hill
3710:Categories
3602:Fort Point
3580:Roslindale
3497:Dorchester
3357:Government
2768:B000KJD760
2719:0934865000
2634:review of
2611:Boston.com
2533:6 December
2508:6 December
2452:. p.
2418:8 December
2384:8 December
2356:6 December
2303:8 December
2269:6 December
2220:Our Boston
2145:6 December
2111:6 December
2071:6 December
1980:2016-01-30
1950:6 December
1904:29 January
1877:2019-09-15
1604:2022-10-31
1583:2022-10-31
1421:Medium.com
1138:References
1025:Ruth Roman
893:Kirk Boott
486:, and the
484:Vilna Shul
424:synagogues
416:Protestant
409:Ukrainians
328:See also:
240:Early days
192:(formerly
3614:South End
3590:Fort Hill
3575:North End
3534:Readville
3529:Hyde Park
3492:Chinatown
3380:Elections
3375:City Hall
3342:South End
3332:North End
3295:districts
3269:TD Garden
3092:Nicknames
3053:Geography
3041:Education
2896:North End
2840:Cambridge
797:TD Garden
770:2009 view
733:Ray Flynn
590:Brutalist
551:When the
369:Armenians
364:immigrant
204:Geography
178:North End
124:Area code
107:Time zone
3619:West End
3568:Longwood
3558:Mattapan
3450:Back Bay
3443:Brighton
3307:Downtown
3302:Back Bay
3293:Business
3102:Politics
3080:Timeline
3068:Southern
3063:Northern
2916:Back Bay
2885:West End
2756:(1994).
2730:(1962).
2581:Archived
2480:40670283
2472:98087140
1394:tclf.org
1298:WBUR.com
1189:25081214
1160:21 April
1073:See also
889:movement
795:and the
702:801,444
691:770,816
680:781,188
669:748,060
658:670,585
420:Catholic
401:Russians
385:Italians
381:Lebanese
228:and the
186:Downtown
142:West End
34:West End
3607:Seaport
3585:Roxbury
3438:Allston
3390:FinComm
3075:History
3036:Economy
3021:Culture
2498:BDCWire
1508:9 March
708:Source:
699:11,731
688:12,879
677:13,454
666:18,442
655:22,656
647:Boston
644:W. End
602:Tenants
405:Syrians
116:Eastern
90:Suffolk
66:Country
3634:Sports
3415:Police
3282:Museum
3097:People
2986:Accent
2979:Topics
2971:Boston
2766:
2742:
2716:
2691:
2652:WBZ-TV
2561:
2478:
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1941:
1845:
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1702:
1682:
1648:
1560:
1537:
1187:
373:Greeks
150:Boston
100:Boston
86:County
3405:Mayor
3132:Songs
3087:Media
2677:Books
2665:(PDF)
1498:(PDF)
1185:JSTOR
696:1950
685:1940
674:1930
663:1920
652:1910
641:Year
505:Glory
430:Irish
397:Poles
377:Irish
348:white
144:is a
112:UTC-5
76:State
3395:Fire
3274:USS
3107:Port
3001:Arts
2764:ASIN
2740:ISBN
2714:ISBN
2689:ISBN
2559:ISBN
2535:2015
2510:2015
2476:OCLC
2468:LCCN
2458:ISBN
2420:2015
2407:ISBN
2386:2015
2358:2015
2345:ISBN
2305:2015
2292:ISBN
2271:2015
2258:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2195:ISBN
2168:ISBN
2147:2015
2134:ISBN
2113:2015
2100:ISBN
2073:2015
2060:ISBN
2033:ISBN
1952:2015
1939:ISBN
1906:2016
1843:ISBN
1823:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1737:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1680:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1558:ISBN
1535:ISBN
1510:2013
1480:2019
1454:2019
1428:2019
1402:2019
1357:2019
1331:2019
1305:2019
1279:2019
1254:2019
1214:2019
1162:2016
778:The
729:slum
723:The
546:slum
471:Jews
389:Jews
332:and
140:The
2096:127
2029:226
371:,
148:of
133:857
129:617
3712::
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114:(
20:)
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