22:
154:
who induced learned
Brahmins to settle in specific towns and villages by making them grants of land and home. Relocation of Brahmin scholars was calculated and in the interest of the kingdom as they were seen as a people of detachment from wealth and power and their knowledge was useful to impart education, ethical conduct and discipline in local communities. Brahmins were also actively involved in solving local daily problems by functioning as neutral arbiters (
161:
In food habits, Brahmins, Jains, Buddhists and
Shaivas were strictly vegetarian while consumption of different kinds of meat was popular with other communities. Vendors in the marketplace sold meat from domesticated animals such as goats, sheep, pigs and fowl as well as exotic meat from partridges,
169:
Schools and hospitals are mentioned in records and these were built in the vicinity of temples. Market places served as open air town halls where people gathered to discuss and consider local issues. Choirs, whose main function was to sing devotional hymns, were maintained at temple expense. Young
153:
enjoyed a privileged position as imparters of knowledge and local justice. These
Brahmins were normally involved in careers that revolved around religion and learning, with the exception of a few who achieved success in martial affairs. They were patronised by kings, nobles and wealthy aristocrats
166:) or watching animal fights such as cock fights and ram fights or by gambling. Horse racing was a popular outdoor past time. In addition to these leisurely activities, festivals and fairs were plenty and often made entertaining by travelling troupes of acrobats, dancers, dramatists and musicians.
94:
which nonetheless retained regal patronage. The role of women in society was varied and largely depended on their economic status and level of education in a period that may generally be considered liberal. This freedom was, however, more easily available to women in royal and affluent urban
291:) to complete what seems a comprehensive list of subjects. Well known centers of learning (from a present-day geographical perspective) were at Bagevadi, Kadalevad and Manigavalli in
393:
The
Belathur inscription of 1057 describes the end of a widow called Dekabbe who committed Sati despite the requests of her parents not to. Some widows such as Chalukya Queen
568:
205:
Inscriptions prove that the number of subjects taught varied from four to eighteen. The four subjects popular with students from royalty were
Economics (
115:
114:
Contemporary records indicate some royal women were involved in administrative and martial affairs such as princess
Akkadevi, (sister of King
527:(2001). A Concise History of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002) OCLC: 7796041.
410:
According to
Charles Eliot, the intellectual qualifications of the Brahmins made them apt to serve as ministers and advisers of Kings(
118:) who fought and defeated rebellious feudals. Some important literary works of the time related to music and musical instruments were
21:
538:
518:
563:
327:
She was not only a pioneer in the era of Women's emancipation but also an example of a transcendental world-view, Romila Thapar,
474:
The practice of orchestras was popularised by the
Kalamukhas, a cult who worshipped Lord Shiva, Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath (2001),
292:
360:
of
Bilhana) that portrayed women as retiring, overly romantic and unconcerned with affairs of the state, Romila Thapar,
95:
families. Records describe the participation of women in the fine arts, such as
Chalukya queen Chandala Devi and
461:
contains significant information of the social life of Western Chalukyan times, Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath (2001),
70:
is another commonly used name for this empire from the popular theory that they were related to the 6th century
186:. These institutions provided advanced education in religion and ethics and were well equipped with libraries (
50:
dynasty who ruled most of western Deccan India during the 10th century - 12th century. They are also known as
510:
340:
96:
190:). Learning was imparted in the local language and Sanskrit. Schools of higher learning were called
524:
308:
202:). Teaching Sanskrit was a near monopoly of Brahmins who received royal endowments in their cause.
91:
534:
514:
34:
304:
296:
39:
26:
134:
though present was on a voluntary basis. Ritual deaths to achieve salvation are known with
162:
hares, wild fowl and boars. People found indoor amusement by attending wrestling matches (
131:
533:, The Penguin History of Early India, From Origin to 1300 AD., 2003, Penguin, New Delhi
458:
557:
530:
170:
men were trained to sing in choirs in schools attached to monasteries such as Hindu
229:
59:
55:
87:
139:
104:
394:
300:
246:
219:
63:
47:
268:
224:
71:
130:. Inscriptions emphasise public acceptance of widowhood indicating that
397:
long survived their deceased husbands, Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath (2001),
276:
150:
135:
100:
476:
A Concise History of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present
463:
A Concise History of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present
399:
A Concise History of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present
382:
A Concise History of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present
251:
182:
99:
queen Sovala Devi's skill in dance and music, compositions of thirty
75:
142:), while people of some other communities chose to jump on spikes (
513:(1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002)
377:
172:
20:
238:
356:
This is in stark contrast to the literature of the time (like
503:
362:
The Penguin History of Early India, From Origin to 1300 AD
329:
The Penguin History of Early India, From Origin to 1300 AD
149:
In a Hindu caste system that was conspicuously present,
401:, Jupiter books, MCC (Reprinted 2002), pp 112-113
245:) namely Phonetics, Prosody, Grammar, Etymology,
90:was revolutionary and challenged the prevailing
25:Kamasutra art, 1070, Tripurantakesvara Temple,
478:, Jupiter books, MCC, (Reprinted 2002), pp 115
8:
465:, Jupiter books, MCC (Reprinted 2002), p112
384:, Jupiter books, MCC (Reprinted 2002), p115
107:mystic Akka Mahadevi whose devotion to the
223:), subjects that find mention as early as
380:kingdom, Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath (2001),
376:being written in the court of feudatory
320:
146:) or walking into fire on an eclipse.
7:
414:), Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955),
14:
569:Historical Societies of Karnataka
103:poets including the 12th century
46:) were a prominent South Indian
487:Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955),
440:Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955),
427:Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955),
16:South Indian Kannadiga dynasty
1:
491:, OUP, (Reprinted 2002), p292
431:, OUP, (Reprinted 2002), p288
418:, OUP, (Reprinted 2002), p289
347:, OUP, (Reprinted 2002), p286
138:preferring to fast to death (
444:, OUP (Reprinted 2002), p289
585:
241:, six auxiliary subjects (
43:
489:A History of South India
442:A History of South India
429:A History of South India
416:A History of South India
345:A History of South India
295:, Nargund and Hottur in
111:movement is well known.
564:Western Chalukya Empire
54:after their capital at
511:Nilakanta Sastri, K.A.
358:Vikramankadeva Charita
341:Nilakanta Sastri, K.A.
267:). To this were added
209:), Political Science (
29:
364:, 2003, Penguin, p392
331:, 2003, Penguin, p392
24:
525:Suryanath U. Kamath
309:Kalaburagi district
233:. Other subjects (
217:) and Philosophy (
188:Saraswati Bhandara
128:Sangitha Ratnakara
124:Sangita Samayasara
92:Hindu caste system
30:
551:
550:
374:Sangita Ratnakara
120:Sangita Chudamani
58:, known today as
35:Western Chalukyas
576:
504:
492:
485:
479:
472:
466:
457:written by King
451:
445:
438:
432:
425:
419:
408:
402:
391:
385:
371:
365:
354:
348:
338:
332:
325:
307:, and Nagayi in
305:Shimoga district
297:Dharwad district
293:Bijapur district
287:) and Politics (
237:) were the four
82:Chalukya society
52:Kalyani Chalukya
45:
44:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು
27:Shimoga district
584:
583:
579:
578:
577:
575:
574:
573:
554:
553:
552:
544:
501:
496:
495:
486:
482:
473:
469:
452:
448:
439:
435:
426:
422:
409:
405:
392:
388:
372:
368:
355:
351:
339:
335:
326:
322:
317:
84:
17:
12:
11:
5:
582:
580:
572:
571:
566:
556:
555:
549:
548:
543:
542:
528:
522:
507:
502:
500:
497:
494:
493:
480:
467:
459:Someshvara III
446:
433:
420:
403:
386:
366:
349:
333:
319:
318:
316:
313:
88:Veerashaivaism
83:
80:
68:Later Chalukya
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
581:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
559:
547:
540:
539:0-14-302989-4
536:
532:
531:Romila Thapar
529:
526:
523:
520:
519:0-19-560686-8
516:
512:
509:
508:
506:
505:
498:
490:
484:
481:
477:
471:
468:
464:
460:
456:
450:
447:
443:
437:
434:
430:
424:
421:
417:
413:
407:
404:
400:
396:
390:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
367:
363:
359:
353:
350:
346:
342:
337:
334:
330:
324:
321:
314:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:Gandharvaveda
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:), Exegesis (
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:
180:and Buddhist
179:
175:
174:
167:
165:
159:
157:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
89:
81:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
37:
36:
28:
23:
19:
545:
488:
483:
475:
470:
462:
454:
449:
441:
436:
428:
423:
415:
411:
406:
398:
389:
381:
373:
369:
361:
357:
352:
344:
336:
328:
323:
289:Arthashastra
288:
284:
280:
272:
265:Dharmasastra
264:
260:
256:
250:
249:and Ritual (
242:
234:
230:Arthashastra
228:
218:
214:
210:
206:
204:
199:
195:
191:
187:
181:
177:
171:
168:
163:
160:
155:
148:
144:Shoolabrahma
143:
127:
123:
119:
116:Jayasimha II
113:
108:
86:The rise of
85:
67:
60:Basavakalyan
51:
33:
31:
18:
455:Manasollasa
263:) and Law (
74:dynasty of
558:Categories
499:References
283:), Music (
281:Dhanurveda
255:), Logic (
220:Anvikshiki
192:Brahmapuri
140:Sallekhana
105:Virashaiva
395:Attimabbe
301:Balligavi
247:Astronomy
213:), Veda (
211:Dandaniti
156:Panchayat
97:Kalachuri
64:Karnataka
48:Kannadiga
343:(1955),
273:Ayurveda
269:Medicine
225:Kautilya
200:Agrahara
151:Brahmins
72:Chalukya
412:Rajguru
277:Archery
261:Mimamsa
196:Ghatika
176:, Jain
101:Vachana
66:state.
56:Kalyani
40:Kannada
546:
537:
517:
252:Purana
207:Vartta
183:Vihara
109:bhakti
76:Badami
378:Seuna
315:Notes
257:Tarka
243:Angas
239:Vedas
235:Vidya
215:trayi
178:Palli
173:Matha
164:Kusti
136:Jains
535:ISBN
515:ISBN
453:The
194:(or
132:Sati
126:and
32:The
303:in
275:),
227:'s
198:or
158:).
62:in
560::
311:.
299:,
122:,
78:.
42::
541:.
521:.
279:(
271:(
38:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
