49:
617:
described. The local pilots are sworn to secrecy ; and, what is more reassuring, by lifting buoys and laying down torpedoes, hostile vessels trying to thread the passage must come to inevitable grief, So far
Bermuda may be considered safe, whatever may be the condition of the fortifications and the cannon in the batteries. Yet the universal neglect of our colonial defences is apparent in the fact that no telegraphic communication has hitherto been established with the West Indies on the one side, or with the Dominion of Canada on the other.
69:
170:
76:
559:
The fort is square shaped, and the gunfloor originally had emplacements for four guns, one on each side behind an earthwork glacis. Inside of these was a higher keep, separated from the gunfloor by a dry moat, with a drawbridge. The intended armament would have been for 64-Pounders on the gun floor,
635:
The objectives for
America are clearly marked,—Halifax, Quebec, Montreal, Prescott, Kingston, Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg, and Vancouver. Halifax and Vancouver are certain to be most energetically attacked, for they will be the naval bases, besides Bermuda, from which England would carry on her naval
482:, a roof was built over the gun floor, moat and keep, and the enclosed structure was used as a magazine. An earlier magazine had existed on Government Hill, from which a hundred barrels of gunpowder was stolen during the American War of Independence and supplied to the rebels in a plot organised by
583:
There is a strongly fortified dockyard, and the defensive works, together with the intricate character of the approaches to the harbour, render the islands an almost impregnable fortress. Bermuda is governed as a Crown colony by a
Governor who is also Commander-in-Chief, assisted by an appointed
616:
As a fortress, Bermuda is of the first importance. It is situated almost exactly half-way between the northern and the southern naval stations; while nature has made it practically impregnable. The only approach lies through that labyrinth of reefs and narrow channels which
Captain Kennedy has
474:
when the naval base was at St. George's). The two forts therefore could operate also against enemy vessels entering the
Northern Lagoon, but were primarily intended to fire on an enemy that entered the harbour and to provide rear defence to the forts on Retreat Hill and St. Catherine's Point.
560:
and four 24-Pounders atop the keep. The entire fort was roofed over for use as a magazine. The western slope of the hill was excavated to create a vertical escarpment, from which a tunnel forms an entrance from what is now a small car park beside
Government Hill (Road).
359:
Fort
William was to be one of a number of new forts (most, though not Fort William, built on the sites of earlier forts) housing coastal artillery built in the early and mid-Nineteenth Century within or satellite to St. George's Garrison. The heaviest concentration of
548:
633:. LR Hamersly & Co., 1510 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; subsequently LR Hamersly, 49 Wall Street, New York City, New York, USA; BF Stevens & Brown, 4 Trafalgar Square, London, England. p. 552.
466:) on the western side, both overlooking the harbour, and to a greater or lesser degree the northern lagoon to the north of the island (the area of enclosed water immediately to the north of St. George's Island is called
532:. The dockyard was re-rated as a base, losing its ability to repair or refit its vessels, and this was to close in 1995. All Admiralty and War Office, including St. George's Garrison, land was transferred to the
524:
In 1957, a later phase of cutbacks resulted in the closure of the
Bermuda Garrison, with all regular units and detachments, including the Command staff, withdrawn, leaving only the part-time
478:
Fort George was completed and armed, and later re-armed with more modern weapons. Fort
William was completed but never armed as it was deemed by then to be excess to need. Instead, named the
599:. London: Published by the authority of the Meteorological Council. PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE BY EYRE AND SPOTTISWOODE, East Harding Street, Fleet Street, London E.C. 1890.
822:
652:. Bermuda: Island Press Ltd., Bermuda, 1977 (1st Edition); Bermuda Maritime Museum Press, Royal Naval Dockyard Bermuda, Ireland Island, Sandys, Bermuda, 1990 (2nd Edition).
431:
Hurd's
Channel led from Five Fathom Hole, the opening in the reefline through which vessels previously had already passed into the original main eastern channel (between
364:
batteries and fortifications in Bermuda had, and would continue to be, at the East End of the archipelago of Bermuda, where St. George's Harbour and Castle Harbour (with
48:
717:
458:
To the rear of these three forts, two identical forts were built on hilltops on either side of St. George's Town. Fort William, on the northern side of the town and
812:
53:
St. George's Garrison (and St. George's Town) as surveyed by Lieutenant Arthur Johnson Savage, RE, in 1897-1899. Western Redoubt is at centre, marked as
837:
832:
99:
827:
365:
424:, the lack of development and infrastructure there meant the Navy used St. George's as its base pending the construction of the dockyard on
439:) into St. George's Harbour, around St. Catherine's Point at the north-eastern end of St. George's Island. A succession of forts named
817:
790:
686:
657:
305:
247:
27:
610:
Kennedy, R.N., Captain W. R. (1 July 1885). "An Unknown Colony: Sport, Travel and Adventure in Newfoundland and the West Indies".
68:
597:
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT THE FOREIGN AND COLONIAL STATIONS OF THE ROYAL ENGINEERS AND THE ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 1852—1886
353:
385:
35:
31:
740:
581:. London: MacMillan and Co., Limited, London, England, UK; The MacMillan Company, New York City, New York, USA. p. 184.
455:
were built in the 1840s. Between them, the three guarded Hurd's Channel and the Northern Lagoon from navigation by an enemy.
529:
436:
421:
369:
483:
368:) were the only harbours easily accessible from the open Atlantic due to the reefline surrounding Bermuda. After the
674:
544:
417:
297:
525:
503:
499:
413:
325:
269:
495:
443:
have existed on this point since 1612, and the fifth and last of these was built in the Nineteenth Century. On
389:
329:
420:
began buying and leasing land at Bermuda's West End, on the Great Sound, for the eventual construction of the
337:
425:
614:. William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh, Scotland, and 37 Paternoster Row, London, England. p. 111.
510:
452:
448:
533:
471:
432:
333:
502:
later in the Nineteenth Century. The magazine in the Western Redoubt would have been subsidiary to the
459:
138:
629:
VERAX, (anonymous) (1 May 1889). "The Defense of Canada. (From Colburn's United Service Magazine)".
491:
377:
711:
440:
543:, but has been vacant and increasingly derelict since the 1990s, although it is now part of the
786:
736:
682:
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341:
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153:
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spent a dozen years surveying the reef, identifying a channel (originally called
409:
401:
373:
513:, were either obsolete or reduced to a care and maintenance state that was not
393:
157:
579:
MacMillan's Geographical Series: Elementary Geography of the British Colonies
114:
101:
650:
The Andrew and The Onions: The Story of The Royal Navy in Bermuda, 1795–1975
372:, Bermuda had been selected as the only remaining British territory between
301:
39:
756:
733:
Defence, Not Defiance: A History Of The Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps
631:
The United Service: A Quarterly Review of Military and Naval Affairs
408:) suitable for ships-of-the-line to enter the Northern Lagoon, the
757:"Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda"
134:
509:
Most of the coastal artillery batteries in Bermuda, excepting
352:
of St. George's Garrison. Below these hills, on the southern,
648:
Stranack, Royal Navy, Lieutenant-Commander B. Ian D (1977).
416:
before establishing a base at Bermuda in 1795. Although the
679:
Bulwark Of Empire: Bermuda's Fortified Naval Base 1860–1920
470:, and had been the anchorage for the naval squadron of the
285:, is a square fort built on a crest on the eastern side of
584:
Executive Council and a representative House of Assembly.
404:, the officer who had located it, but now referred to as
549:
Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications
539:
The Western Redoubt would house a restaurant called
490:. The main powder magazine of Bermuda was later at
257:
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222:
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149:
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130:
93:
20:
704:History of The Coast Artillery in the British Army
577:Dawson, George M.; Sutherland, Alexander (1898).
289:, and within the boundaries of the original main
785:. Bermuda: The Bermuda Maritime Museum Press.
681:. Bermuda: The Bermuda Maritime Museum Press.
8:
716:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
356:, side of the island, is St. George's Town.
823:Artillery battery fortifications in Bermuda
702:Maurice-Jones, DSO, RA, Colonel KW (1959).
636:attack on the American coasts and commerce.
380:, being also in a position (640 miles off
316:The fort, originally intended to be named
17:
569:
75:
709:
7:
677:, Lieutenant-Colonel Roger (1988).
706:. UK: Royal Artillery Institution.
14:
813:Installations of the British Army
731:Ingham-Hind, Jennifer M. (1992).
366:its own history of fortification
168:
74:
67:
47:
833:World Heritage Sites in Bermuda
320:was built on a hilltop between
612:Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine
521:cutbacks to the British Army.
336:and the colonial capital from
328:had moved to Mount Langton in
1:
828:World War II sites in Bermuda
735:. Bermuda: The Island Press.
384:) from which to dominate the
838:St. George's Parish, Bermuda
370:American War of Independence
854:
545:UNESCO World Heritage Site
506:depot on Ordnance Island.
250:, Eastern District of the
818:Fortifications in Bermuda
526:Bermuda Militia Artillery
270:Royal Army Ordnance Corps
62:
46:
25:
498:, with another added at
390:United States of America
783:Bermuda Forts 1612–1957
115:32.384454°N 64.675834°W
400:after then-Lieutenant
472:North America Station
402:Thomas Hannaford Hurd
334:Parliament of Bermuda
332:with the move of the
306:St. George's Garrison
248:St. George's Garrison
195:Increasingly derelict
120:32.384454; -64.675834
28:St. George's Garrison
541:The Gunpowder Tavern
441:Fort St. Catherine's
422:Royal Naval Dockyard
354:St. George's Harbour
239:Garrison information
534:colonial government
511:St. David's Battery
378:British West Indies
111: /
36:St. George's Parish
32:St. George's Island
468:Murray's Anchorage
462:at Mount Hill (or
348:, the site of the
779:Harris, Edward C.
488:Benjamin Franklin
437:Governor's Island
386:Atlantic seaboard
362:coastal artillery
338:St. George's Town
295:Imperial fortress
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154:Board of Ordnance
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414:Hamilton Harbour
342:Town of Hamilton
326:Government House
252:Bermuda Garrison
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145:Site information
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519:First World War
496:Ordnance Island
480:Western Redoubt
330:Pembroke Parish
322:Government Hill
314:
287:Government Hill
279:Western Redoubt
268:
266:Royal Engineers
264:
262:Royal Artillery
217:Royal Artillery
184:the public
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21:Western Redoubt
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530:Bermuda Rifles
426:Ireland Island
398:Hurd's Channel
382:North Carolina
350:Royal Barracks
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213:Built for
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792:9780921560111
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515:ready for war
512:
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500:Agar's Island
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
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469:
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464:Riche's Mount
461:
456:
454:
450:
449:Fort Victoria
447:to its rear,
446:
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344:in 1815) and
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56:
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761:. Retrieved
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732:
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634:
630:
624:
615:
611:
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596:
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523:
517:during post
514:
508:
484:Henry Tucker
479:
477:
467:
463:
457:
445:Retreat Hill
444:
433:Paget Island
430:
405:
397:
358:
349:
346:Barrack Hill
345:
340:to the then
324:(from which
321:
318:Fort William
317:
315:
293:camp in the
291:British Army
286:
283:Fort William
282:
278:
276:
226:1850s - 1957
200:Site history
182:Open to
176:British Army
54:
15:
460:Fort George
453:Fort Albert
410:Great Sound
406:The Narrows
388:of the new
374:Nova Scotia
223:In use
118: /
94:Coordinates
807:Categories
742:0969651716
564:References
492:Hen Island
394:Royal Navy
158:War Office
106:64°40′33″W
103:32°23′04″N
763:22 August
712:cite book
536:in 1958.
494:and then
418:Admiralty
258:Occupants
231:Materials
192:Condition
781:(1997).
759:. Unesco
673:Willock
504:Ordnance
376:and the
244:Garrison
164:Operator
139:Magazine
55:Magazine
312:History
302:Bermuda
40:Bermuda
789:
739:
685:
656:
555:Design
412:, and
392:. The
298:colony
173:
281:, or
234:Stone
208:1850s
205:Built
150:Owner
787:ISBN
765:2021
737:ISBN
718:link
683:ISBN
675:USMC
654:ISBN
547:the
528:and
486:and
451:and
435:and
277:The
135:Fort
131:Type
551:).
300:of
809::
714:}}
710:{{
428:.
308:.
304:,
187:No
38:,
34:,
30:,
795:.
767:.
745:.
720:)
691:.
662:.
57:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
