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250:, the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Israel began the excavations aimed at exposing the continuation of the Western Wall. The excavations lasted almost twenty years and revealed many previously unknown facts about the history and geography of the Temple Mount. The excavations were difficult to conduct, as the tunnels ran below residential neighborhoods constructed on top of ancient structures from the
379:, is also revealed within the tunnel, and ranks as one of the heaviest objects ever lifted by human beings without powered machinery. The stone has a length of 13.6 metres (45 ft), height of 3 metres (9.8 ft), and an estimated width of between 3.5 metres (11 ft) and 4.5 metres (15 ft); estimates place its weight at 570 short tons (520 metric tons). It is similar to the even
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as a result of riots against the creation of the exit. A modern wall divides the
Struthion pool into two parts, preventing access between them. One side is visible from the western wall tunnels, and the other area is accessible from the Convent of the Sisters of Zion. Since then, it has been possible
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uncovered an ancient Roman street thought to be from the second to fourth centuries. It was a side street which likely connected two major roads, and led up to the Temple Mount. The discovery of the road gave further evidence that Romans continued to use the Temple Mount after the destruction of the
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in
Jerusalem by incorporating part of the hill on the Northwest. In order to do so, four retaining walls were constructed, and the Temple Mount was expanded on top of them. These retaining walls remained standing, along with the platform itself, after the Temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE.
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Originally, visitors had to retrace their steps back to the entrance. A connection to the
Hasmonean water system was made, but this still required them to make a U-turn once they had reached the Struthion Pool. Digging an alternative exit from the tunnel was proposed, but initially rejected on the
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Since then much of the area next to the walls became covered and built upon. Part of the
Western Wall remained exposed after the destruction of the Temple. Since it was the closest area to the Temple’s Holy of Holies that remained accessible, it became a place of Jewish prayer for millennia.
254:. The earliest excavations were conducted with no scientific supervision, which soon changed when supervision was entrusted to scientific and rabbinic experts. This was to ensure both the stability of the structures above and to prevent damaging the historic artifacts. In 1988 the
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housing, became linked to the end of the
Western Wall Tunnel, and later opened as a tourist attraction. The course takes a linear route starting at the Western Wall Plaza and passes through the modern tunnels and the ancient water system, ending at the Struthion Pool. The
187:. While the open-air portion of the Western Wall is approximately 60 metres (200 ft) long, the majority of its original length of 488 metres (1,601 ft) is hidden underground. The tunnel allows access to the remainder of the Wall in a northerly direction.
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The tunnel exposes 300 m of the wall's total 445 m, revealing the construction methods and the various activities in the vicinity of the Temple Mount. The excavations included many archaeological finds along the way, including discoveries from the
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for large numbers of tourists to enter the tunnel's southern entrance near the
Western Wall, walk the tunnel's length with a tour guide, and exit from the northern end. This exit is only open during daytime, owing to continued security concerns.
331:" lies about 150 feet (46 m) into the tunnel. This sealed-off entrance was for hundreds of years a small synagogue called "The Cave", where the early Muslims allowed the Jews to pray in close proximity to the ruins of the Temple. Rabbi
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slightly north from where the traditional, open-air prayer site ends and up to the Wall's northern end. Most of the tunnel is in continuation of the open-air
Western Wall and is located under buildings of the Muslim Quarter of the
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on the Forum buildings. Prior to
Hadrian, this cistern had been an open-air pool, but Hadrian added arch vaulting to enable the pavement to be placed over it. The existence of the pool in the first century is attested by
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do not allow tourists to exit into the convent at the
Struthion Pool, so tourists return through the narrow tunnels to the starting point, although this does create some logistical problems.
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239:" which was 12.8 metres (42 ft) wide and is above present-day ground level. It is believed that the arch supported a bridge which connected the Temple Mount to the city during the
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grounds that any exit would be seen as an attempt by the Jewish authorities to stake a claim to ownership of the nearby land—part of the Muslim
Quarter of the city. In 1996, however,
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temple in 70 CE. Excavations at the site continued as late as 2014, led by archaeologists Peter Gendelman and Ortal Chalaf on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA).
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The tunnel is connected to several adjacent excavated underground spaces, many of which can be visited together with the main tunnel. For this reason the plural form,
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that originally supplied water to the Temple Mount. The exact source of the channel is unknown, though it passes through an underground pool known as the "
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British researchers started excavating the Western Wall in the mid 19th century. Charles Wilson began the excavations in 1864 and was followed by
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by the Hasmoneans, which has since been enclosed; the source of the water for this conduit is currently unidentified.
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444:(sometimes described as the "Struthion Pools", in the plural), is a large cuboid cistern, which gathered the
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629:, Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. At biblicalarchaeology.org, 3 October 2014. Accessed 5 April 2023.
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built a synagogue just outside the gate, since today it is the closest point a Jew can pray near to the
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period (streets, monumental masonry), sections of a reconstruction of the Western Wall dating to the
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was formed, it took over the excavation, maintenance and renovations of the Western Wall and
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structures. In the restored rooms, the Western Wall Foundation has created the
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periods constructed to support buildings in the vicinity of the Temple Mount.
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Concrete supports used to reinforce the ancient streets above in Jerusalem's
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Conservation of the western ritual bath (miqve) in the Western Wall tunnel
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Beyond the northern end of the Western Wall, remains were found of a
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558:"Archaeological Sites in Israel – The Western Wall and Its Tunnels"
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Women praying in the tunnel at the closest physical point to the
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in 1867–70. Wilson discovered an arch now named for him, "
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Hasmonean Channel at the northern end of the Western Wall tunnel
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Ivanovsky E., Van Zaiden A., Vaknin Y., Abksis E. (2007).
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Read the iTour Jerusalem review of the Western Wall Tunnel
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The biggest stone in the Western Wall, often called the
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668:"Roman street uncovered in Western Wall tunnels"
489:. At the end of this tunnel is the northern exit
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685:Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2014
206:undertook a project to double the area of the
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363:period and was accordingly dubbed the "
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1808:Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire
687:, Survey Permits # A-7039 and A-7040
670:. Jerusalem Post. November 14, 2007.
1010:Church of Saint Mary of the Germans
593:"Exposing the Western Wall Tunnels"
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622:The Jerusalem Western Wall Tunnel
508:. Over the subsequent few weeks,
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1004:Church of Saint James Intercisus
423:Roman street to the Temple Mount
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227:Route of the Western Wall Tunnel
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523:Excavations at the Temple Mount
1562:Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque
976:Convent of the Sisters of Zion
947:Monastery of the Flagellation
711:"Mayor halts Temple Mount dig"
625:, review of Dan Bahat (2013),
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1071:Church of Our Lady of Sorrows
1053:Cathedral of the Annunciation
627:Jerusalem Western Wall Tunnel
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859:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
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681:Israel Antiquities Authority
429:Israel Antiquities Authority
385:Temple of Jupiter at Baalbek
1823:Medieval sites in Jerusalem
885:New Church of the Theotokos
645:. The Kotel. Archived from
595:. The Kotel. Archived from
572:"What is the Western Wall?"
413:Chain of Generations Center
395:Chain of Generations Center
289:, biggest stone of the wall
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1191:Monastery of Saint Mark
762:Conservation Department
156:The Western Wall Tunnel
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1286:Church of the Redeemer
869:Chapel of Saint Helena
713:. BBC. 3 December 1999
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347:Hasmonean Channel
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1493:Qibli Mosque
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574:. The Kotel.
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1469:Grand Mufti
929:Franciscans
333:Yehuda Getz
248:Six-Day War
164:מנהרת הכותל
112: /
88:Coordinates
26:מנהרת הכותל
1802:Categories
1434:Jaffa Road
1429:Highway 60
1418:Al-Mawazin
1229:Protestant
1206:Archbishop
882:See also:
850:Status Quo
828:since 1981
698:Jewish War
696:Josephus,
653:2010-05-05
643:"About Us"
603:2006-08-14
539:References
246:After the
219:Excavation
141:Site notes
100:35°14′04″E
97:31°46′37″N
1600:Ashkenazi
1596:Sephardic
1318:Christian
1154:Patriarch
1115:Patriarch
1044:Patriarch
910:Patriarch
807:Jerusalem
450:guttering
446:rainwater
361:Hasmonean
317:Hasmonean
168:translit.
1645:Orthodox
1402:Damascus
1343:Armenian
1327:Muristan
1269:Lutheran
1140:Orthodox
1138:Oriental
1101:Orthodox
896:Catholic
809:and its
803:Old City
739:Archived
517:See also
455:Josephus
405:Crusader
301:Herodian
266:Features
78:Location
1828:Tunnels
1695:Defunct
1613:General
1591:Judaism
1479:Al-Aqsa
1439:Jericho
1354:Quarter
1345:Quarter
1336:Quarter
1320:Quarter
1099:Eastern
996:Defunct
459:conduit
389:Lebanon
383:in the
313:Mamluke
309:Ayyubid
305:Umayyad
198:History
174:) is a
1727:italic
1647:Jewish
1389:Golden
1361:Temple
1352:Jewish
1334:Muslim
934:Custos
826:UNESCO
700:5:11:4
409:Mamluk
407:, and
176:tunnel
160:Hebrew
133:Length
128:Tunnel
1460:Islam
1412:'
1397:Herod
1393:Lions
1377:Jaffa
1371:Gates
1363:Mount
905:Latin
811:walls
717:5 May
448:from
204:Herod
1484:Waqf
1447:Ofel
1385:Dung
1381:Zion
824:by
719:2009
466:Arab
440:The
315:and
285:The
125:Type
1406:New
1404:8.
1400:7.
1395:6.
1391:5.
1387:4.
1383:3.
1379:2.
1375:1.
805:of
387:in
367:".
149:Yes
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795:e
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327:"
158:(
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