65:
31:
287:, the overall mortality of WEE is low (approximately 4%) and is associated mostly with infection in the elderly. Approximately 15–20% of horses that acquire the virus will die or be put down. There is no human vaccine for WEE and there are no licensed therapeutic drugs in the U.S. for this infection. The virus affects the brain and spinal cord of the infected host.
311:
of horses that had been dead for some time and needed samples from an animal in the earlier stages of disease. When the team heard of a horse that appeared to have encephalitis, its owner threatened to shoot the scientists. However Meyer was able to convince the farmer's wife that the horse was dying
274:
According to the CDC, geographic occurrence for this virus is worldwide, and tends to be more prevalent in places in and around swampy areas where human populations tend to be limited. In North
America, WEE is seen primarily in U. S. states and Canadian provinces west of the
259:-like virus. There have been under 700 confirmed cases in the U.S. since 1964. This virus contains an envelope that is made up of glycoproteins and nucleic acids. The virus is transmitted to people and horses by bites from infected mosquitoes (
615:
600:
585:
328:
Western equine encephalitis virus was one of more than a dozen agents that the United States researched as potential biological weapons before the nation suspended its biological weapons program.
1735:
676:
1491:
2020:
283:. WEE is commonly a subclinical infection; symptomatic infections are uncommon. However, the disease can cause serious sequelae in infants and children. Unlike
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359:"Structure of the Recombinant Alphavirus Western Equine Encephalitis Virus Revealed by Cryoelectron Microscopy"
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anyway, and to secretly signal him when the farmer was asleep in exchange for $ 20 (as this was during the
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316:, this was a substantial amount of money). Meyer and his colleagues hid in the bushes until the signal,
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the horse and stole its head. They successfully isolated WEEV from the brain tissue.
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1004:
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462:"Transmission of the Virus of Equine Encephalomy-elîtis by Aëdes taeniorhynchus"
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United States
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Fact Sheet
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Chemical and
Biological Weapons: Possession and Programs Past and Present
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243:
2012:
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1285:
577:
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1928:
437:"Western Equine Encephalitis Fact Sheet - Minnesota Dept. of Health"
30:
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237:
76:
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46:
1999:
1932:
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is the causative agent of relatively uncommon viral disease
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investigated but was not able to isolate the pathogen from
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of
California, USA died of a mysterious encephalitis.
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1941:
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195:
190:
550:James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies
670:
251:between two other alphaviruses, an ancestral
8:
295:WEE was discovered in 1930 when a number of
279:. The disease is also seen in countries of
1121:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
1929:
1863:
1773:
1583:
1392:
1381:
1292:
1091:
719:
708:
677:
663:
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568:
187:
29:
18:
382:
556:, April 9, 2002, accessed 31 March 2010.
271:) and birds during wet, summer months.
349:
231:(arthropod-borne virus) transmitted by
357:Sherman, M. B.; Weaver, S. C. (2010).
211:Western equine encephalomyelitis virus
1492:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
7:
431:
429:
427:
995:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
14:
1973:Western equine encephalitis virus
1943:Western equine encephalitis virus
513:"Karl Friedrich Meyer: 1884–1974"
338:Eastern equine encephalitis virus
257:Eastern equine encephalitis virus
191:Western equine encephalitis virus
176:Western equine encephalitis virus
43:Western equine encephalitis virus
23:Western equine encephalitis virus
985:Western equine encephalomyelitis
975:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
215:Western equine encephalomyelitis
63:
2080:Human viruses described in 1930
1110:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
1272:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
406:Ryan KJ; Ray CG, eds. (2004).
255:-like virus, and an ancestral
1:
1529:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
768:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
526:. Washington, D.C.: 269–332.
410:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
1423:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
408:Sherris Medical Microbiology
1445:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
1433:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
482:10.1126/science.85.2198.178
285:Eastern equine encephalitis
2141:
1457:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
1337:Sandfly fever Naples virus
500:– via cabdirect.org.
2075:Viruses described in 1930
1125:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
58:
37:
28:
21:
1741:SARS-related coronavirus
1704:Henipavirus encephalitis
1562:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
1407:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1188:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1160:Arbovirus encephalitides
1136:Arbovirus encephalitides
1106:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1071:Banna virus encephalitis
971:Arbovirus encephalitides
916:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
882:Saint Louis encephalitis
849:Arbovirus encephalitides
800:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
734:Arbovirus encephalitides
1845:Yaba monkey tumor virus
1202:Kyasanur Forest disease
1164:Tick-borne encephalitis
865:Australian encephalitis
758:California encephalitis
520:Biogr Mem Natl Acad Sci
468:. 85–2198 (2198): 178.
1192:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
773:La Crosse encephalitis
511:Sabin, Albert (1980).
441:www.health.state.mn.us
227:, the WEE virus is an
1625:Marburg virus disease
1176:Powassan encephalitis
853:Japanese encephalitis
460:Kelser, R.A. (1937).
1051:Semliki Forest virus
466:Science (Washington)
375:10.1128/JVI.00876-10
305:Karl Friedrich Meyer
268:Aedes taeniorhynchus
60:Virus classification
1598:Ebola virus disease
1262:Colorado tick fever
1017:O'nyong'nyong fever
474:1937Sci....85..178K
363:Journal of Virology
2125:Biological weapons
2120:Viral encephalitis
2105:Parasites of birds
1810:Simian foamy virus
554:Middlebury College
301:San Joaquin Valley
202:Infectious disease
45:, 12Å resolution.
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1935:Taxon identifiers
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824:Rift Valley fever
645:
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417:978-0-8385-8529-0
369:(19): 9775–9782.
324:Biological weapon
277:Mississippi River
249:recombinant virus
207:
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1039:Ross River fever
804:Bunyamwera fever
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1695:Paramyxoviridae
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1641:
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1545:
1476:
1387:
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1361:
1341:
1325:Pappataci fever
1318:Oropouche virus
1313:Oropouche fever
1287:
1276:
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1226:
1144:
1116:Heartland virus
1086:
1075:
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1027:Pogosta disease
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902:West Nile fever
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139:Martellivirales
115:Kitrinoviricota
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221:of the family
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1032:Sindbis virus
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2115:Alphaviruses
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1890:Mokola virus
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1801:Retroviridae
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1787:
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1725:
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1483:Bunyavirales
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1398:Arenaviridae
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1346:
1298:Bunyavirales
1296:
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1231:
1217:Langat virus
1151:Flaviviridae
1149:
1140:Bhanja virus
1097:Bunyavirales
1095:
1060:
984:
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932:Yellow fever
920:Dengue fever
840:Flaviviridae
838:
783:Tahyna virus
748:Bwamba Fever
725:Bunyavirales
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444:. Retrieved
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73:(unranked):
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22:
2095:Arboviruses
1967:Wikispecies
1589:Filoviridae
1411:Lassa fever
1307:Adria virus
1005:Chikungunya
962:Togaviridae
892:Usutu virus
814:Ngari virus
738:Batai virus
247:. WEE is a
224:Togaviridae
151:Togaviridae
2069:Categories
1901:Poxviridae
1831:Poxviridae
1751:SARS-CoV-2
1253:Reoviridae
1131:Tete virus
1062:Reoviridae
944:Zika fever
793:Tete virus
691:(A80–B34,
446:2016-12-04
344:References
318:euthanized
309:necropsies
233:mosquitoes
219:alphavirus
217:(WEE). An
163:Alphavirus
1910:Monkeypox
702:Arthropod
229:arbovirus
197:Specialty
170:Species:
98:Kingdom:
91:Riboviria
41:model of
2026:11461200
2013:10481689
1952:Wikidata
1858:Multiple
1746:SARS-CoV
1736:MERS-CoV
925:DENV-1-4
713:Mosquito
686:Zoonotic
532:11620787
498:26044382
490:17732932
393:20631130
332:See also
244:Culiseta
146:Family:
110:Phylum:
52:EMD-5210
1958:Q324467
1860:vectors
1840:Tanapox
1789:B virus
1767:Primate
1286:Sandfly
1112:(CCHFV)
693:042–079
636:D020241
470:Bibcode
384:2937749
299:in the
291:History
158:Genus:
134:Order:
122:Class:
2000:539937
1878:Rabies
1820:HTLV-2
1815:HTLV-1
1769:-borne
1657:Rabies
1579:-borne
1388:-borne
1386:Rodent
1377:-borne
1375:Mammal
1309:(ADRV)
1288:-borne
1087:-borne
715:-borne
704:-borne
530:
496:
488:
414:
391:
381:
297:horses
49:entry
39:CryoEM
2052:11039
2039:60874
2021:IRMNG
1987:5BXTR
1618:ZEBOV
1522:THAIV
1010:CHIKV
625:062.1
610:A83.1
516:(PDF)
494:S2CID
238:Culex
84:Realm
77:Virus
2047:NCBI
2008:GBIF
1883:RABV
1684:CHPV
1672:DUVV
1667:MOKV
1662:ABLV
1635:RAVV
1630:MARV
1613:TAFV
1608:SUDV
1603:BDBV
1534:ANDV
1517:AMRV
1512:SEOV
1507:PUUV
1502:HTNV
1497:DOBV
1472:CHPV
1467:LUJV
1461:MACV
1450:SABV
1438:JUNV
1427:GTOV
1416:LASV
1266:CTFV
1221:LGTV
1210:AHFV
1206:KFDV
1196:OHFV
1181:POWV
1169:TBEV
1085:Tick
1021:ONNV
999:VEEV
989:WEEV
979:EEEV
949:ZIKV
896:USUV
886:SLEV
875:KUNV
870:MVEV
828:RVFV
818:NRIV
808:BUNV
787:TAHV
777:LACV
752:BWAV
742:BATV
631:MeSH
620:9-CM
595:1C83
528:PMID
486:PMID
412:ISBN
389:PMID
265:and
241:and
209:The
47:EMDB
2034:ISC
1995:EoL
1982:CoL
1714:NiV
1709:HeV
1677:LBV
1577:Bat
1539:SNV
1044:RRV
937:YFV
907:WNV
858:JEV
762:CEV
616:ICD
601:ICD
586:ICD
548:",
478:doi
379:PMC
371:doi
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373::
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