570:
sticks placed in trees or shrubs. The male fetches sticks of the nest while the female places them to form the platform. The nest height varies from about 5 to 15 meters, but very low nesting (as low as 0.6 meters) has been observed in mangrove trees in salt pans. The usual clutch is three to four eggs which are light blue as in the little egret. Incubation begins when the first egg is laid resulting in chicks with size disparities. Both parents take turns to incubate and the eggs hatch after about 23 to 24 days. The chicks are white with grey dapples. Young birds sometimes die after falling off from the nest platform. Adults will shade the chicks during the hotter parts of the day. Predators of eggs include rats and young chicks may be taken by cats and crows. Adults usually guard the nest when eggs or young chicks are present. Adults feed the young by regurgitating semi-digested food at the nest. This diet includes mainly small fishes of the families
669:
455:
440:
42:
643:
594:
391:. There has been confusion related to what were thought to be dark little egrets and the possibility of hybrids. Dark morphs in little egrets are extremely rare and nearly all specimens of what were thought to be dark morphs have turned out to be western reef herons. In India some research claimed circumstantial evidence of interbreeding with little egrets, but the same researchers noted that the breeding seasons of the two species were different. Hybridization has also been claimed to occur in Morocco and Kenya (but this might refer to
612:
627:
470:
97:
482:
219:
72:
569:
rains from April to August and end of May in the former breeding colony at Chilaw in Sri Lanka. Most of the breeding colonies in
Gujarat in western India were on mangroves. They nest in colonies usually of their own species but sometimes with other egrets and smaller herons, usually on platforms of
532:
The western reef heron (nominate subspecies) occurs as a vagrant in North
America, South America and the Caribbean islands. Based on the growing number of records it is suspected that they may establish breeding colonies in Brazil. Several records around 1980–90 in Germany, Austria and France have
319:, but has a larger yellower bill, extended yellow on thicker legs, and when foraging tends to be very active, sometimes also moving its wing or using it to shade the water surface. The grey morph has a whitish throat and is unlikely to be confused with any other species within the range of this
424:
show blue and this is thought to be due to hybridization. The dark coastal form of
Madagascar, Aldabra, Comoro Islands, Seychelles and parts of East Africa (southern Kenya to Tanzania) was earlier treated as a subspecies (the mainland African form has sometimes been considered as
557:. Laboratory studies show them to be capable of making corrections for refractions but the probability of missing increases when they are forced to strike at prey at very acute angles to the water surface. Like other herons and egrets they have few vocalizations, making a low
668:
399:
genes from a sampled little egret and a western reef heron were identical and use this as evidence for demotion. The sequences and the origins of the samples are not publicly available or verifiable. In the past the Indian form which was also described as
314:
has two plumage colour forms. There is an all-white morph and a dark grey morph; morphs can also occur with intermediate shades of grey which may be related to age or particoloured in grey and white. The white morph is similar in general appearance to the
564:
The western reef heron's breeding habitat is coastal wetlands. In the Red Sea region the breeding season is from June to August. The nominate subspecies breeds in West Africa from late April to
September. In India the breeding season is during the
520:
where breeding was once recorded at Chilaw. The nominate subspecies breeds in west Africa from
Mauritania to Gabon. Birds may also be found off the mainland such as in the Canary Islands. Small numbers breed in Spain. Subspecies
323:
with beak and legs similar to that of the white morph. During the breeding season the legs and facial skin are reddish. Breeding birds have two long feathers on the sides of the nape. The nominate subspecies
642:
277:
of West Africa. There are also differences in size, structure and foraging behaviour. There have been suggestions that the species hybridizes with the Little Egret, and based on this, some authors treat
541:
These birds stalk their prey in shallow water, often running or stirring the water with their feet or flicking their wings to disturb prey; they may also stand still and wait to ambush prey. They eat
1115:"Current Status of the Breeding Population of the Western Reef Heron Egretta gularis along the Northern Coasts of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, and its Wintering Population in the South of Iran"
1066:"On the Relationship, Status and Range of Egretta garzetta, Demiegretta gularis, D. schistacea, D. asha, and D. dimorpha, a new subspecies and the correct type-locality of Egretta garzetta"
454:
2024:
1852:
439:
1891:
1984:
1494:"Impact of the food availability, nesting-habitat destruction and cultural variations of human settlements on the nesting distribution of a coastal bird,
1389:
Murphy, William L. (1992). "Notes on the
Occurrence of the little egret (Egretta garzetta) in the Americas, with Reference to Other Palearctic Vagrants".
347:. The dark and white morph is thought to be controlled by a single allele with the dark character being incompletely dominant over the gene for white.
1816:
611:
273:); a white form which can look very similar to the little egret although the bill tends to be paler and larger and the black form with white throat
1865:
1519:
Etezadifar, Farzaneh; Barati, Ahmad (2011). "Nestling diet of the
Western Reef Heron, Egretta gularis, in Hara Biosphere Reserve, Persian Gulf".
1114:
469:
363:
in 1792. The distinctive white throat (or gular region) in the dark morph gives it the species name. Later authors have treated it the genera
1917:
1999:
593:
963:"Cas probable d'hybridation Aigrette garzette Egretta garzetta x Aigrette des récifs Egretta gularis dans l'archipel d'Essaouira (Maroc)"
652:
332:(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828) breeds from the Persian Gulf along the coast of India to the east of the India Peninsula. The bill of
41:
1764:
2004:
1370:
Cardillo, R.; Forbes-Watson, A.; Ridgely, R. (1983). "The
Western Reef–Heron (Egretta gularis) at Nantucket Island, Massachusetts".
2019:
1943:
257:
found in southern Europe, Africa and parts of Asia. It has a mainly coastal distribution and occurs in several plumage forms: a
1777:
1452:"Stationary underwater prey missed by reef herons, Egretta gularis: head position and light refraction at the moment of strike"
626:
525:
is found from the Red Sea coast east round the Indian coast. Breeding colonies are known from the east coast of India around
1870:
678:
340:
has the larger bill especially towards the base. The form on the eastern coast of South Africa is usually separated as the
360:
208:
989:
Inter-breeding between the Little Egret and the
Western Reef Heron in India, Africa and possibly Israel. Abstract No. 411
1665:
1162:
1271:
Murphy, W. L.; Nanan, W. (1987). "First confirmed record of
Western Reef-Heron (Egretta gularis) for South America".
1896:
2014:
1795:
913:
1808:
481:
96:
1994:
1424:
Fedrizzi, Carmem E.; Carlos, Caio J.; Vaske Jr., Teodoro; Bugoni, Leandro; Viana, Danielle; Véras, Dráusio P.
961:
Qninba, A.; Benhoussa, A.; Ibn Tattou, M.; El Idrissi Essougrati, A.; Haj, S. Ben; Idrissi, H. Rguibi (2011).
863:
Naik, R.M.; Parasharya, B.M. (1983). "Sequence of plumage changes and polymorphism in the Indian Reef Heron,
2009:
395:). Christidis and Boles quote a report by McCracken and Sheldon (2002) that the nucleotide sequences of the
914:"Reconsideration of a Hungarian specimen of a black-coloured egret as Western Reef Egret (Egretta gularis)"
1715:
1694:
1618:
1554:
Tere, Anika (2004). "Nesting of Western Reef-Egret Egretta gularis in the saltpans of G.H.C.L., Dholera".
962:
420:
of breeding little egrets are blue while those of the reef heron are reddish although some individuals of
262:
1326:
1242:
1451:
191:
1065:
1026:
722:
1948:
1707:
1676:
1656:
936:"The timing of breeding season and interbreeding between the colour phases in the Indian Reef Heron
1088:
405:
61:
1351:
Wilson, A. (2007). "Western Reef-Heron (Egretta gularis gularis) at Calvert Vaux Park, Brooklyn".
842:"The juvenile plumage of the Little Egret compared with that of the White-phase Indian Reef Heron"
1536:
1474:
1406:
1307:
91:
1607:
1857:
1011:
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has a range from West Africa to Gabon, with some birds breeding in southern Europe. Subspecies
1930:
1883:
1831:
1738:
1935:
803:
1989:
1528:
1466:
1425:
1398:
1299:
1290:
Davis Jr., William E. (1985). "Foraging Behavior of a Western Reef Heron in North America".
1003:
717:
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1904:
341:
231:
1681:
699:
1803:
1790:
1598:
417:
148:
1978:
1878:
1004:
829:. Washington DC and Barcelona: Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 55.
708:
290:. Works that consider the Western Reef Heron as a valid species include the nominate
81:
76:
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1956:
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been attributed to birds that escaped from an animal dealer in Mittelfranken.
299:
1769:
1641:
261:-grey plumage in which it can only be confused with the rather uncommon dark
571:
517:
108:
1089:"Probable hybrids Little Egret x Indian Reef Heron in India and Sri Lanka"
1909:
1635:
575:
128:
1426:"Western Reef-Heron Egretta gularis in Brazil (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae)"
1821:
1702:
1470:
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1311:
656:
566:
550:
505:
461:
446:
168:
1689:
1327:"Trans-Atlantic vagrancy of Palearctic birds in Trindidad and Tobago"
501:
118:
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1150:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 75–76.
1751:
660:
633:
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320:
258:
254:
158:
1027:"A further note on the Relationship, Status, and Distribution of
934:
Naik, R.M.; Parasharya, B.M.; Patel, B.H.; Mansuri, A.P. (1981).
1922:
603:
542:
311:
138:
1616:
772:"Changes in the soft part coloration of the Indian Reef Heron,
804:"Identification of western reef egrets and dark Little Egrets"
359:
from a specimen obtained in Senegal by the French naturalist
1163:"Occasional breeding by Western Reef Egret in eastern Spain"
429:) but is now raised to full species as the dimorphic egret (
383:
has however been highly debated with some authors treating
408:
has been treated as a subspecies of the little egret as
582:. The young birds leave the nest after about a month.
475:
A light grey form that has been considered as a hybrid
1450:
Katzir, Gadi; Lotem, Arnon; Intrator, Nathan (1989).
1148:
Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 2
1625:
561:or grating sounds when disturbed or near the nest.
723:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729692A95020328.en
677:dark morph in flight, showing white carpal area,
516:. It also occurs in the Lakshadweep Islands and
500:It occurs mainly on the coasts in tropical west
367:(in which dimorphic egrets were once included),
1064:Grant, CHB & C. W. Mackworth-Praed (1933).
827:Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Volume 2
375:until its current stable position in the genus
226:Range with subspecies and related species. For
1025:Grant, CHG & Mackworth-Praed, CW (1938).
991:. 19th International Ornithological Congress.
8:
1070:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
1047:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
1006:Systematics and taxonomy of Australian birds
412:on the basis of presumed hybridization with
2025:Taxa named by Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc
1599:IUCN Heron specialist group (treated under
1575:"Breeding biology of the Indian Reef heron"
1113:Etezadifar, Farzaneh; Amini, Hamid (2010).
802:Dubois, Philippe J.; Yésou, Pierre (1995).
797:
795:
793:
765:
763:
553:. In coastal areas, they regularly feed on
1613:
1325:Kenefick, Martyn; Hayes, Floyd E. (2006).
1161:Dies, J.I.; Prosper, J.; Dies, B. (2001).
1002:Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter E. (2008).
776:(Bosc) related to age and breeding status"
529:. They occasionally occur further inland.
217:
70:
40:
31:
1243:"First record of the Western Reef-heron (
721:
907:
905:
825:Rasmussen, P.C.; Anderton, J.C. (2005).
379:. The distinctness of this species from
1087:Koparde, Pankaj; Yesou, Pierre (2017).
690:
589:
435:
1146:Ali, Salim; Ripley, S. Dillon (1978).
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1573:Parasharya, B.M.; Naik, R.M. (1988).
1492:Naik, R.M.; Parasharya, B.M. (1987).
1247:) for St. Vincent and the Grenadines"
840:Parasharya, B.M.; Naik, R.M. (1984).
770:Parasharya, B.M.; Naik, R.M. (1987).
746:"Some notes on the Indian Reef Heron"
54:Dohat Arad Lagoon, Muharraq, Bahrain
7:
1809:9be1679a-2763-4e03-99eb-2b0dee58ec1e
1985:IUCN Red List least concern species
1459:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
1220:(Bosc.)] in Hyderabad District"
1216:"Occurrence of the Reef Heron [
709:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
653:Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch
355:The species was first described as
25:
1433:Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia
1254:Journal of Caribbean Ornithology
744:Dharmakumarsinhji, K.S. (1984).
667:
641:
625:
620:with a black beak (Pulicat Lake)
610:
592:
480:
468:
453:
438:
95:
698:BirdLife International (2016).
1608:Sound recordings on Xeno-Canto
1533:10.1080/09397140.2011.10648885
912:Magyar, G.; Yésou, P. (2000).
1:
1556:Newsletter for Ornithologists
987:Hancock, J; Naik, RM (1986).
361:Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc
2000:Birds of the Gulf of Guinea
1214:Neavoll, George F. (1968).
410:Egretta garzetta schistacea
2041:
1521:Zoology in the Middle East
1241:Paice, Michael R. (2006).
1187:Kirkpatrick, K.M. (1961).
1193:(Bosc) on the East Coast"
512:(Iran) extending east to
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216:
197:
190:
92:Scientific classification
90:
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59:
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39:
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2005:Birds of the Middle East
1579:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1502:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1224:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1197:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
944:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
892:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
846:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
780:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
750:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
716:: e.T22729692A95020328.
351:Taxonomy and systematics
2020:Birds described in 1792
496:Distribution and status
1189:"The Ashy Reef Heron,
888:"The dimorphic egrets"
336:is more pointed while
679:São Tomé and Príncipe
651:dark morph at Narara
537:Behaviour and ecology
1804:Fauna Europaea (new)
886:Berlioz, J. (1956).
632:particoloured form (
253:, is a medium-sized
1498:, in Western India"
1391:Colonial Waterbirds
1292:Colonial Waterbirds
406:William Henry Sykes
249:), also called the
62:Conservation status
35:Western reef heron
1832:western-reef-heron
1471:10.1007/BF00611243
1334:J. Carib. Ornithol
460:Slate grey morph,
251:western reef egret
241:western reef heron
18:Western reef-heron
2015:Birds of Pakistan
1972:
1971:
1931:Open Tree of Life
1619:Taxon identifiers
1010:. CSIRO. p.
923:. 105–106: 35–40.
286:as subspecies of
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431:Egretta dimorpha
393:Egretta dimorpha
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288:Egretta garzetta
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387:as a polytypic
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342:dimorphic egret
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232:dimorphic egret
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1527:(1): 131–133.
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1465:(4): 573–576.
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492:
486:
479:
477:
474:
467:
465:
459:
452:
450:
444:
437:
352:
349:
307:
304:
235:
234:
223:
222:
214:
213:
206:
195:
194:
188:
187:
180:
178:
174:
173:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
149:Pelecaniformes
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
88:
87:
69:
66:
65:
60:
57:
56:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2037:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1585:(2): 251–262.
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1508:(2): 350–360.
1507:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1443:
1439:(3): 481–483.
1438:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1378:(5): 827–829.
1377:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1359:(4): 288–294.
1358:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1237:
1234:
1230:(1): 215–216.
1229:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1170:British Birds
1164:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1096:Dutch Birding
1090:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1053:(417): 24–26.
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:E. schistacea
1034:
1030:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1007:
998:
995:
990:
983:
980:
975:
972:(in French).
971:
964:
957:
954:
950:(3): 494–497.
949:
945:
941:
939:
930:
927:
922:
915:
908:
906:
902:
898:(1): 188–190.
897:
893:
889:
882:
879:
874:
870:
866:
859:
856:
852:(3): 693–695.
851:
847:
843:
836:
833:
828:
821:
818:
813:
809:
808:British Birds
805:
798:
796:
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
775:
766:
764:
760:
756:(1): 188–189.
755:
751:
747:
740:
737:
724:
719:
715:
711:
710:
705:
703:
694:
691:
685:
680:
676:
675:E. g. gularis
670:
665:
662:
658:
654:
650:
644:
639:
635:
628:
623:
619:
613:
608:
605:
601:
595:
590:
585:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
536:
534:
530:
528:
524:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
495:
490:
487:White morph,
483:
478:
471:
466:
463:
456:
451:
448:
441:
436:
434:
432:
428:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:Ardea gularis
350:
348:
346:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
318:
313:
305:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
275:E. g. gularis
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:
242:
233:
229:
224:
220:
215:
210:
204:
202:
196:
193:
192:Binomial name
189:
185:
184:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
89:
83:
78:
77:Least Concern
67:
63:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1626:
1600:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1487:
1462:
1458:
1445:
1436:
1432:
1419:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1320:
1298:(1): 70–73.
1295:
1291:
1285:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1209:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1182:
1173:
1169:
1156:
1147:
1125:
1121:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1082:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1005:
997:
988:
982:
973:
969:
956:
947:
943:
937:
929:
920:
895:
891:
881:
872:
868:
864:
858:
849:
845:
835:
826:
820:
811:
807:
783:
779:
773:
753:
749:
739:
727:. Retrieved
713:
707:
701:
693:
674:
648:
617:
599:
563:
558:
540:
531:
527:Pulicat Lake
522:
510:Persian Gulf
499:
445:Dark morph,
430:
426:
421:
413:
409:
401:
397:cytochrome b
392:
389:superspecies
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
356:
354:
344:
337:
333:
329:
325:
317:little egret
309:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
270:
267:Little egret
250:
245:
244:
240:
238:
227:
200:
198:
182:
181:
169:
53:
49:
29:
1840:iNaturalist
1651:Wikispecies
1562:(5): 73–74.
1260:(1): 46–48.
1128:(2): 71–80.
1041:E. dimorpha
729:11 November
580:Engraulidae
555:mudskippers
547:crustaceans
373:Lepterodius
365:Demiegretta
306:Description
52:dark morph
1979:Categories
1957:Xeno-canto
1176:: 382–386.
1102:: 238–246.
1076:: 189–196.
1033:E. gularis
976:: 241–242.
869:Sandgrouse
814:: 307–319.
686:References
523:schistacea
427:schistacea
422:schistacea
402:Ardea asha
338:schistacea
330:schistacea
300:subspecies
296:schistacea
280:schistacea
1203:(1): 275.
786:(1): 1–6.
572:Clupeidae
518:Sri Lanka
177:Species:
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
1884:22729692
1858:10586611
1721:22729692
1716:BirdLife
1636:Wikidata
1541:83867378
1353:Kingbird
1340:: 61–72.
1279:: 16–27.
875:: 75–81.
576:Gobiidae
551:molluscs
385:garzetta
369:Herodias
228:dimorpha
159:Ardeidae
155:Family:
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
82:IUCN 3.1
1990:Egretta
1936:3596775
1897:1752861
1822:2480898
1703:Avibase
1642:Q392570
1479:6191096
1411:1521360
1312:1521198
1122:Podoces
940:(Bosc)"
657:Gujarat
586:Gallery
567:monsoon
506:Red Sea
462:Bahrain
447:Bahrain
377:Egretta
334:gularis
326:gularis
292:gularis
284:gularis
265:of the
211:, 1792)
170:Egretta
165:Genus:
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
1949:212665
1923:212665
1871:174822
1829:GNAB:
1778:EURING
1770:100728
1757:werher
1731:werher
1690:ARKive
1670:werehe
1539:
1477:
1409:
1310:
970:Alauda
921:Aquila
549:, and
508:, the
504:, the
502:Africa
489:Muscat
416:. The
230:, see
1944:WoRMS
1910:73453
1853:IRMNG
1796:96654
1765:EUNIS
1752:eBird
1744:6DZ3B
1728:BOW:
1537:S2CID
1475:S2CID
1455:(PDF)
1429:(PDF)
1407:JSTOR
1330:(PDF)
1308:JSTOR
1250:(PDF)
1166:(PDF)
1118:(PDF)
1092:(PDF)
966:(PDF)
917:(PDF)
661:India
634:Egypt
514:India
418:lores
321:egret
310:This
263:morph
259:slaty
255:heron
1918:OBIS
1892:NCBI
1879:IUCN
1866:ITIS
1845:4935
1817:GBIF
1783:1180
1039:and
731:2021
714:2016
604:MHNT
578:and
559:kwok
543:fish
371:and
312:bird
294:and
282:and
239:The
209:Bosc
139:Aves
1739:CoL
1677:ADW
1666:ABA
1529:doi
1467:doi
1463:165
1399:doi
1300:doi
1012:110
867:".
718:doi
433:).
404:by
298:as
1981::
1959::
1946::
1933::
1920::
1907::
1894::
1881::
1868::
1855::
1842::
1819::
1806::
1793::
1780::
1767::
1754::
1741::
1718::
1705::
1692::
1679::
1668::
1653::
1638::
1583:85
1581:.
1577:.
1558:.
1535:.
1525:54
1523:.
1506:84
1504:.
1500:.
1473:.
1461:.
1457:.
1437:15
1435:.
1431:.
1405:.
1395:15
1393:.
1376:37
1374:.
1357:57
1355:.
1338:19
1336:.
1332:.
1306:.
1294:.
1277:41
1275:.
1258:19
1256:.
1252:.
1228:65
1226:.
1222:.
1201:58
1199:.
1195:.
1174:94
1172:.
1168:.
1134:^
1124:.
1120:.
1100:39
1098:.
1094:.
1074:53
1072:.
1068:.
1051:59
1049:.
1045:.
1035:,
1031:,
974:79
968:.
948:78
946:.
942:.
919:.
904:^
896:54
894:.
890:.
871:.
850:81
848:.
844:.
812:88
810:.
806:.
792:^
784:84
782:.
778:.
762:^
754:81
752:.
748:.
712:.
706:.
659:,
655:,
602:-
574:,
545:,
302:.
1603:)
1560:1
1543:.
1531::
1481:.
1469::
1413:.
1401::
1314:.
1302::
1296:8
1126:5
1043:"
1014:.
873:5
733:.
720::
704:"
700:"
636:)
269:(
243:(
207:(
84:)
20:)
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