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fashion having some operations done in the basement and some on the roof on a building at the plant. To maintain the confidentiality of the program, many workers who worked on the chemical processes were not familiar with it. Most of them did not know that their work was related to the creation of an
264:
Finally, the required amount of uranium metal was delivered to
Chicago by the Army with containers clearly marked "URANIUM". The Chicago Pile-1 had gone to self-sustaining reaction on December 2, 1942, with the majority of uranium metal from the plant. After that, the plant continued to play a major
223:
Around that time, Westinghouse Lamp Plant was able to supply a small amount of pure uranium metal. By 1941, there was an order for the uranium metal of 10 kilograms which was considered an enormous amount. The plant ramped up the production using makeshift equipment including metal garbage cans from
281:
and uranium to produce thorium-tungsten wire. In 1983, Westinghouse sold its lamp manufacturing operation to North
American Phillips Lighting Corporation. The manufacturing of thorium-tungsten wire was continued at the plant until 1984. In 1986, North American Phillips Lighting Corporation returned
257:. During the height of the production in 1942, there was a war production drive at the plant under the auspices of the labor-management committee to increase its production and warned workers against sabotage. The streets at the plant were renamed to MacArthur Avenue and MacArthur Plaza to promote
147:
to be used as a filament. The problem at the time was to make uranium into a metal form so that researchers could work with it. Westinghouse failed to establish uranium as a viable filament material, however, the research department continued to experiment with it until they found an
244:
which was the codename for uranium in programs related to the
Manhattan Project, taken from the British atomic weapons effort "Tube Alloys" which had been folded into Manhattan. Due to inadequate equipment and space, the refinement process was done in an
239:
The project was done in secrecy by not revealing any connection of the work there to the ongoing research on the nuclear reaction. To avoid leaking of information about the project at the plant, it was covered with the program called
111:
and
Bloomfield. The population in the area had grown since the time that the Township of Bloomfield was incorporated as a township from portions of Newark Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 23, 1812 until
265:
role in supplying the uranium metal for the
Manhattan Project until October 1943 when a better and more economical process was done elsewhere. During the contract, the plant produced 69 short tons of uranium metal in total.
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334:
with ongoing remediation at the time, was re-zoned into
Commuter Oriented Residential District which was a mixed-use concept that included high-density residential units which would be close to the train station.
665:
298:
The cleanup process started when there was a survey of
Manhattan Project sites. The plant was inspected in 1976 and found low levels of radiation. Westinghouse filed an application in 1988 with the
1377:
253:
Although the material and the processes were kept secret, the workers there knew they worked as part of the World War II efforts. They were led to believe that they worked on making
311:
131:
The
Westinghouse Lamp Plant was devoted to lamp manufacturing in its early years. The plant had a research department to find a new suitable material for a light bulb
412:
1330:
669:
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Due to the proximity of the
Westinghouse site and other former manufacturing sites to the Watsessing Station, the Township of Bloomfield worked on the plan for
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1222:
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in many university laboratories during the 1930s. By 1941, Westinghouse Lamp Plant had the only practical process for producing pure uranium metal.
520:
274:
116:. The population boom was contributed by the manufacturing jobs at the Westinghouse Lamp Plant along with other manufacturing plants such as
231:
593:
224:
a local market to use in the process. The order was fulfilled within a couple of months. By early 1942, there was another order from
775:
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and concrete. The license on the site was terminated by NRC in 2003 so that the site can be released for unrestricted use, although
302:(NRC) to decommission those buildings. The demolition of the buildings was done from 1993 through 2004. During that period, certain
48:
1477:
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Westinghouse continued its manufacturing and research at the plant after the war. In 1964, Westinghouse was issued a permit from
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143:, and his deputy, John W. Marden, started looking into uranium to discover whether there was any similarity with
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of pure uranium. However, a larger quantity of additional uranium metal was required for the pile to go
209:
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318:(successor of Westinghouse) and others for the continuation of ground water contamination at the site.
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of the
Metallurgical Laboratory for three short tons of the uranium metal for the Chicago Pile-1.
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were marketed as "The Grove at Watsessing" which was part of the "Grove Crossing" complex.
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A woman is shown unveiling the new street sign of MacArthur Avenue and MacArthur Plaza.
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Postcard circa 1905 of Westinghouse plant in Bloomfield, New Jersey that manufactured
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blocks and uranium pellets. At the time, there was a limited source of pure uranium.
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method to use a fused uranium salt to produce a metal. The metal was pure enough for
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as part of the Manhattan Project. This would have required an enormous number of
95:
The Westinghouse Lamp Plant was constructed on Arlington Avenue in 1920 near the
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Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-and-White Negatives
609:
526:. Officeof PublicAffairs, ArgonneNational Laboratory. p. 11. Archived from
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was removed from the site. However, some contaminated areas were covered with
258:
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33:
20:
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1021:
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385:"Appendix A-3 Residual Radioactivity Evaluations for Individual Facilities"
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418:. Township of Bloomfield. 20 January 2012. p. 8. Archived from
413:"Watsessing Center Transit Oriented Design Plan - Community Profile"
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230:
169:
75:
for the world's first self-sustaining chain reaction in Chicago (
1365:
834:
254:
739:
588:. New York, N.Y.: American Institute of Physics. p. 322.
717:
693:"A Guide to Luxury Apartment Rentals in Essex County: Part I"
558:"Bloomfield's Part In The Atomic Bomb: The Tuballoy Project"
314:(NJDEP) disagreed with that decision. In 2006, NJDEP sued
668:. NRC Terminated License Tracking System. Archived from
610:"United States--New Jersey--Essex County--Bloomfield"
1308:
1277:
1210:
999:
868:
782:
174:A drawing of the "tuballoy" pile in the middle of
312:New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
71:. The plant had a major involvement in supplying
330:in that area. The Westinghouse site, although a
666:"Information regarding license number SMB-1527"
282:the control of the plant back to Westinghouse.
360:"Invoice JR0474-92 from USNRC to Westinghouse"
67:, was one of the lamp manufacturing plants of
751:
8:
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390:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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178:mostly produced by Westinghouse Lamp Plant
635:
633:
631:
438:
436:
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432:
521:"FRONTIERS Research Highlights 1946-199"
47:
646:. State of New Jersey. 17 February 2006
351:
275:United States Atomic Energy Commission
407:
405:
338:The redevelopment was completed. The
7:
691:Fisher, Olivia (2 September 2022).
365:. Westinghouse Electric Corporation
1223:Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
14:
69:Westinghouse Electric Corporation
1439:
1438:
582:Hafemeister, David, ed. (1991).
445:"A Manhattan Project Postscript"
190:was building the world's first
585:Physics and nuclear arms today
563:. The New Town Crier. May 2004
1:
510:, Argonne National Laboratory
472:10.1126/science.212.4501.1369
300:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
212:was able to produce only two
1383:Oppenheimer security hearing
443:Walsh, John (19 June 1981).
328:transit-oriented development
103:neighborhood that connected
79:) in the early phase of the
1494:
277:to conduct research using
163:
1436:
1326:Bismuth phosphate process
1321:Atomic Energy Act of 1946
773:
458:(4501). AAAS: 1369–1371.
322:Residential redevelopment
304:radioactive contamination
294:The site cleanup in 2019
184:Metallurgical Laboratory
139:, the department led by
99:of the rail line in the
1478:Metallurgical processes
1468:Manhattan Project sites
1403:S-1 Executive Committee
1351:Einstein–Szilard letter
61:Westinghouse Lamp Plant
1463:Bloomfield, New Jersey
845:Salt Wells Pilot Plant
641:"NJDEP v. Viacom, Inc"
295:
236:
179:
65:Bloomfield, New Jersey
56:
1423:X-10 Graphite Reactor
1378:Nobel Prize laureates
1248:509th Composite Group
672:on September 30, 2006
616:. Library of Congress
293:
234:
210:Iowa State University
188:University of Chicago
173:
128:during the war time.
51:
34:40.78137°N 74.19592°W
1331:British contribution
1233:Operation Peppermint
1228:Operation Crossroads
1087:Maria Goeppert Mayer
141:Harvey C. Rentschler
83:to create the first
1092:George Kistiakowsky
1047:Charles Critchfield
464:1981Sci...212.1369W
39:40.78137; -74.19592
30: /
1157:Henry DeWolf Smyth
936:Robert Oppenheimer
891:Priscilla Duffield
697:The Montclair Girl
296:
255:conventional bombs
237:
180:
97:Watsessing Station
57:
1450:
1449:
1372:Los Alamos Primer
1361:Interim Committee
1316:African Americans
1268:The Great Artiste
1127:Isidor Isaac Rabi
1122:Norman Ramsey Jr.
921:Franklin Matthias
860:Heavy water sites
767:Manhattan Project
425:on 5 August 2014.
340:luxury apartments
226:Arthur H. Compton
166:Manhattan Project
160:Manhattan Project
81:Manhattan Project
1485:
1442:
1441:
1393:Quebec Agreement
1177:John von Neumann
1117:George B. Pegram
926:Dorothy McKibbin
760:
753:
746:
737:
730:
729:
727:
725:
720:. Grove Crossing
718:"Grove Crossing"
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154:nuclear research
118:General Electric
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1398:RaLa Experiment
1304:
1273:
1238:Project Alberta
1206:
1202:Chien-Shiung Wu
1132:James Rainwater
1067:Richard Feynman
1057:John R. Dunning
1032:Norris Bradbury
995:
981:Stafford Warren
951:William Purnell
931:Kenneth Nichols
911:Ernest Lawrence
886:James B. Conant
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778:
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332:brownfield site
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286:Cleanup efforts
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250:atomic weapon.
192:nuclear reactor
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1343:
1341:Chicago Pile-1
1338:
1336:Calutron Girls
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1309:Related topics
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1172:Stanisław Ulam
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1159:
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1107:Edwin McMillan
1104:
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1052:Harry Daghlian
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1042:John Cockcroft
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1037:James Chadwick
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956:Frank Spedding
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916:James Marshall
913:
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896:Thomas Farrell
893:
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881:Arthur Compton
878:
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869:Administrators
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595:978-0883186268
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533:on 17 May 2013
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508:Chicago Pile 1
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206:Frank Spedding
197:Chicago Pile-1
176:Chicago Pile-1
164:Main article:
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77:Chicago Pile-1
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1356:Franck Report
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1218:Alsos Mission
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1192:Robert Wilson
1190:
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1187:Eugene Wigner
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1167:Edward Teller
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1142:Glenn Seaborg
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1112:Mark Oliphant
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1102:Willard Libby
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1012:Robert Bacher
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991:Roscoe Wilson
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906:John Lansdale
904:
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901:Leslie Groves
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876:Vannevar Bush
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122:Lehn and Fink
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73:uranium metal
70:
66:
62:
55:
50:
46:
43:
1428:Y-12 Project
1413:Smyth Report
1408:S-50 Project
1370:
1366:K-25 Project
1295:Pumpkin bomb
1266:
1259:
1252:
1182:John Wheeler
1152:Louis Slotin
1147:Emilio Segrè
1097:George Koval
1077:James Franck
1062:Enrico Fermi
1007:Luis Alvarez
966:Paul Tibbets
941:Deak Parsons
722:. Retrieved
712:
700:. Retrieved
696:
686:
674:. Retrieved
670:the original
660:
648:. Retrieved
618:. Retrieved
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565:. Retrieved
535:. Retrieved
528:the original
515:
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491:. Retrieved
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420:the original
392:. Retrieved
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367:. Retrieved
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195:
181:
150:electrolysis
130:
114:World War II
94:
60:
58:
15:
1243:Silverplate
1197:Leona Woods
1162:Leo Szilard
1137:Bruno Rossi
1082:Klaus Fuchs
986:Ed Westcott
976:Harold Urey
724:11 February
702:11 February
137:World War I
91:Early years
85:atomic bomb
63:located in
54:Mazda lamps
37: /
1457:Categories
1346:Demon core
1290:Little Boy
1211:Operations
1027:Niels Bohr
1017:Hans Bethe
1000:Scientists
946:Boris Pash
825:Los Alamos
346:References
259:patriotism
214:short tons
109:Glen Ridge
101:Watsessing
25:74°11′45″W
22:40°46′53″N
1388:Plutonium
1254:Enola Gay
1072:Val Fitch
1022:Aage Bohr
971:Bud Uanna
840:Oak Ridge
480:0036-8075
105:Montclair
1444:Category
1300:Thin Man
1261:Bockscar
855:Wendover
835:New York
830:Montreal
820:Inyokern
795:Berkeley
776:Timeline
676:23 March
650:23 March
567:23 March
537:23 March
493:23 March
488:17746246
394:20 March
369:21 March
242:Tuballoy
218:critical
202:graphite
145:tungsten
135:. After
133:filament
126:Schering
1473:Uranium
1418:Uranium
1285:Fat Man
1278:Weapons
850:Trinity
815:Hanford
800:Chicago
620:6 March
460:Bibcode
452:Science
308:asphalt
279:thorium
194:called
186:at the
810:Dayton
804:Site A
592:
486:
478:
316:Viacom
247:ad hoc
783:Sites
644:(PDF)
561:(PDF)
531:(PDF)
524:(PDF)
448:(PDF)
423:(PDF)
416:(PDF)
388:(PDF)
363:(PDF)
790:Ames
726:2024
704:2024
678:2013
652:2013
622:2014
590:ISBN
569:2013
539:2013
495:2013
484:PMID
476:ISSN
396:2013
371:2013
124:and
59:The
468:doi
456:212
208:of
1459::
695:.
630:^
612:.
547:^
482:.
474:.
466:.
454:.
450:.
431:^
404:^
261:.
220:.
120:,
107:,
87:.
806:)
802:(
759:e
752:t
745:v
728:.
706:.
680:.
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624:.
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541:.
497:.
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373:.
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