566:. The loss of political significance did not cause the complex to fall into decay. On the contrary, in the eleventh and twelfth centuries the first bailey was massively expanded to the west and strengthen with a new, secondary donjon. Later a second outer bailey was added as well. The palace complex thus grew to cover an area of almost 20 hectares. In addition, the fortifications were strengthened by new ditches and towers and major additions were made to the central buildings of the donjon. Numerous new finds in the baileys show that a permanent settlement developed at Werla. Metal and textile workshops seem to have developed in the
965:
938:
698:
for unclear reasons the Werla commission decided to put
Hermann Schroller in charge of the whole excavation, even though he specialised solely in prehistory. At any rate, he endeavoured to further increase the high official interest in the excavations. Scholars, party officials and classes of school children were shown around the site and the latest discoveries were published in the press. A film was even produced for educational purposes. Through his numerous political contacts, Scholler who was an
833:
determining the weight of the central buildings. The transport costs and workload associated with the construction of the building could therefore be roughly calculated for the first time. This indicated that the construction of the donjon would have taken many years and that the majority of the construction materials came from the surrounding region. The relationship of Werla with
Schladen and Burgdorf also needs to be rethought. Schladen was hitherto understood as the location of the
862:). On this hill, the external remains of stone buildings were discovered which were probably built in connection with the foundation of another donjon. New aerial photographs and a systematic survey of the area helped to more closely determine the layout and arrangement of various workshops within the bailey. Some of these buildings may be examined more closely in the future. Through wide-scale excavations paved streets, pit-houses, waste pits and traces of a
224:, it developed into an independent settlement with a busy industrial quarter. In the 14th century it fell into ruin and was completely unknown until its rediscovery in the 18th century. The core fortress in particular was thoroughly excavated in the 20th century. Excavations carried out since 2007 have brought new understanding to the hitherto largely unexplored outworks. Since 2010 the palace complex with foundation and
55:
663:. Hermann Adolf Lüntzel's study of the documents in the middle of the 19th century narrowed the location down to the neighbourhood of Schladen. Local farmers had reported that they had ploughed up stones on Kreuzberg. In 1875, the Bauinspektor of Goslar Palace, E. F. A. Schulze dug a small ditch and revealed some foundations which were seen as clear evidence of the palace. In commemoration a stone was set up inscribed
858:
from north to south. Thus the construction of the bailey has to be divided into at least two phases. In the palatial period, then, the bailey was considerablyu smaller than it was later and was first expanded to the west and fortified with an additional ditch in the High Middle Ages. Part of this development is probably indicated by another ditch, which was discovered in the area of the so-called Chapel Hill (
271:. It is located in the free lands between Schladen und Werlaburgdorf. There is no direct access for vehicles. However, there is a carpark on the road between the two places, on the right hand side as one travels from Schladen, from which the complex can be reached on foot in a few minutes. Alternatively, one can follow a trail along the Wedde and then left along the banks of the Oker. The heritage house
640:
752:
almost completely explored. Furthermore, traces of earlier structures were documented in detail for the first time and the significance of the renovations during the High Middle Ages to the development of the palace came to be recognised. During the excavations, thousands of individual finds were preserved, mostly pottery, but also iron and bronze items. The coins discovered came from
591:
287:
953:
769:) was therefore disproven. On account of the new information historians were focused on the archaeological finds for many years. The role of the palace as a defensive fortificationa against the Hungarians increasingly retreated into the background. Instead, focus fell in particular on the role of the palace as an important regional centre of government and economy.
359:
837:, the palace's economic centre. However, this may be contradicted by the new evidence which might show that the baileys were inhabited in several periods and were used for a much longer time than previously thought. With respect to Burgdorf, the 9th/10th century graveyard is important, since it was likely the burial ground of a village (
827:
In spring 2007, renewed excavations began in the donjon. The chapel, the buildings, gates and walls were uncovered until 2008 and re-surveyed. The evidence later provided the foundations for a reconstruction within the scope of the "Archäologie- und
Landschaftsparks Kaiserpfalz Werla." Along with the
697:
was consulted on these. For the first time, the surrounding area was subjected to scholarly investigation. Becker became ill in the following year and was no longer able to undertake excavations, so the architectural historian
Heinrich Steckeweh was appointed acting head of excavations. But in 1937,
622:
to the east, which is now called
Werlaburgdorf. The villagers and in some cases Heiningen Abbey made use of the building material as a cheap building material. In the following centuries, the name was used several times in reference to the fields on the hilltop in documents. Until 1817 a chapel still
671:
tree was planted which can still be seen today. Further scholarly investigations were not undertaken, however. Around 1920 a teacher in
Schladen, Franz Kaufmann, became interested in Werla and called archaeological interest to the palace. This led to a one-day test excavation under the leadership of
303:
linked two or more gates and several towers. Three baileys were connected to the (older) donjon: the 1st and 2nd inner baileys and the outer bailey. Altogether, an area of around 20 hectares was enclosed within the fortifications. The baileys had similarly deep ditches, but with earthworks (probably
684:
bought part of the land in the area of the donjon in 1929 in order to protect it from further ploughing damage. In 1933 the Werla
Commission was founded which consisted of scholars and representatives of Goslar District and the central government. They were to co-ordinate the excavations planned to
722:
in identifying the building remains. Despite the use of advanced techniques, the documentation of the excavations suffers from significant technical issues. Finds were constantly reinterpreted and published results corrected. The poor-quality and hasty interpretation of discoveries cannot be fully
857:
of the baileys was carried out. The resulting data enabled a new reconstruction of the palace's history. West of the north tower, a wall was discovered, which later excavations dated to the 10th or 11th century by means of ceramic finds. Surprisingly, this wall appeared to divide the inner bailey
751:
At the resumption of excavation in 1957, Hermann
Schroller was once again appointed as the head of excavation. After his unexpected death in 1959, his students Gudrun Stelzer and Carl-Heinrich Seebach continued the excavations until 1964. A large part of the donjon was excavated; it is considered
617:
for a little while. In the 13th century there is evidence of renewed building activity. Inside the donjon, graves and cellar buildings were built, whose purpose is not entirely clear. Into the 14th century it is still possible to detect signs of habitation, but Werla and its parish church seem to
818:
The excavations have not come to an end as of
September 2012; a comprehensive publication is still pending. However, the latest results shed further light on the continual change and development of Werla, providing an insight into its economic life and providing important data for the projected
832:
of the earlier 9th century complex was accurately documented. In addition, new techniques in mortar analysis and comparison to similar buildings enabled individual buildings to be dated more accurately and certainly. A geological investigation of the building stone provided the foundations for
521:
reports he had provoked an uproar when he wasted the time reserved for an audience with visiting
Abbesses. Even before the election of Conrad II in 1024, the Saxons had held discussions at Werla. In total, four meetings of Saxon nobles are known; this is not evidence for a regularly occurring
930:
Through the restoration of the earthworks and ditches, the impressive scale of the donjon and bailey complex has been made clear. For their protection the foundations of the original earthworks were covered over with the earth of the new earthworks. In the area of the donjon the walls of the
891:
In October 2010 the Braunschweig district archaeologists discovered three female skeletons dated to around 3700 BC in the course of a field school excavation with students. The women's ages at death were determined to be 4, 20 and 45 years old, with the child spatially associated with the
764:
and other mints and mostly dated from the 13th century. Evidence for short visits by high-ranking individuals was lacking and the early royal presence was reflected only in the construction work at the complex. The two baileys were only patchily investigated. The approximate course of the
1223:
N.S. Vol. 2, No. 9, Göttingen 1939, pp. 233–256. H. Schroller, "Die Untersuchung der sächsischen Königspfalz Werla bei Goslar. Bericht über die Grabung des Jahres 1938 mit einer kurzen Zusammenfassung über die Grabung die früheren Ergebnisse."
882:
in another location indicate a metalworking area. Finally, the excavations focussed on the fortification system of the inner bailey. In the investigation of the walls and ditches, an embankment was discovered which was located immediately behind the walls.
474:
which depending on the interpretation of the evidence occurred in either 924 or 926. The king took shelter there with his untrained army in the face of an attack by the Hungarians. At the same time a Hungarian leader was captured as well. This was probably
1831:– 12. Internationale Jahrestagung der Fachsektion GeoTop der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 30. April – 4. Mai 2008 in Königslutter. Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, Heft 56, Hannover 2008, pp. 27–39.
294:
The main fortress was a cross-shaped complex with a diameter of about 150 m. It sat on the Kreuzberg hill with two sides directly abutting on steep 17-metre-high (56 ft) banks of the river Oker. This fortified area was surrounded by a metre thick
582:, and issued an ultimatum to his followers calling for them to surrender. That Barbaroosa returned to the old palace after such a long period of time shows that it had retained an important symbolic role in the collective consciousness of the Saxons.
405:
The raised area above the Oker was probably settled in prehistoric times as indicated by numerous finds from that period, mainly ceramic, but also stone and bone tools. In autumn 2010 a grave richly supplied with ceramic grave goods from the late
714:
for the first time ever brought sensational revelations. Areas of soil discolouration were apparent from the photos which revealed the outlines of the palace and its baileys (c. 600 x 600 m). The new evidence led to great interest among experts.
352:. It shows the complex in its 10th-century incarnation, with individual stone buildings and a stone ring wall. The model represents the state of research on Werla as of 1985. Subsequent excavations have altered the picture somewhat.
1400:
Innere Strukturen von Siedlungen und Gräberfeldern als Spiegel gesellschaftlicher Wirklichkeit? Akten des 57. Internationalen Sachsensymposiums 26. bis 30. August 2006 in Münster, Veröffentlichungen der Altertumskommission für
526:, however. During the palatial period, the ring walls and the most important public buildings within the main fortress were built. To the north an original bailey developed, which at first covered only three hectares, however.
358:
1397:
Mainz 2001, pp. 127–150. Markus C. Blaich, Michael Geschwinde, "Zur Binnenstruktur des karolingerzeitlichen Gräberfeldes von Werlaburgdorf, Ldkr. Wolfenbüttel, Niedersachsen." in Chr. Grünewald, T. Capelle (Ed.),
789:
period in the Middle Ages" as well as "the Late Middle Ages" looking at the defensive techniques and crafts of an urban community. The festival was meant to support Braunschweig's (unsuccessful) application to be a
739:. Furthermore, there were vicious internal conflicts among the leaders of the excavations. The resulting interpretative errors have continued to trouble scholarly literature to this day. With the outbreak of the
453:
Evidence for habitation on the surface is first apparent in the 9th century. A sort of fortified farmstead existed at this time. A ring wall encompassed several wooden buildings in the area of the later donjon.
1809:
Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium des Wissenschaftlichen Beirates der Deutschen Burgenvereinigung, Passau 2005. Veröffentlichungen der Deutschen Burgenvereinigung, Reihe B 10, Braubach 2006, pp. 177–184.
1403:, Vol XVII, Münster/Westf. 2007, pp. 109–117. Markus C. Blaich, Silke Grefen-Peters, "Kinder, Kinder – Zur Paläodemographie des frühmittelalterlichen Gräberfeldes von Werlaburgdorf, Ldkr. Wolfenbüttel."
781:(Werla Palace: Life before the 1000s) was held on the palace grounds. 300 actors, 130 tents, a dozen horses and five guns entertained around 17,000 visitors with three time periods: "Europe around 1000 AD," "
798:
also commissioned a study published in 2003 which proposed a lavish reconstruction of the palace. The project was cancelled in 2005 when Braunschweig's application was rejected in favour of Essen with
904:
Building on the plans made when the 2007 excavations were begun, the remains of the palace were turned into a public park, the "Archaeological and Wilderness park of the Imperial Palace of Werla" (
765:
fortifications was determined by large test trenches, in which remains of workshops and pit-houses were revealed for the first time. The theory that the baileys had served purely as "army-forts" (
917:
1177:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 11/2, Göttingen 1965, pp. 210–264. H.-J. Rieckenberg, "Zur Geschichte der Pfalz Werla nach der schriftlichen Überlieferung." in
693:
In the year 1934 the first excavation campaign organised by the Werla commission began. It was led by civil engineer Karl Becker. Prehistoric finds were expected and Hermann Schroller of the
1315: 1, 1963, pp. 238–252. G. Stelzer, "Neue Ausgrabungen auf der Königspfalz Werla bei Schladen, Kr. Goslar, Teil I: Die Ausgrabungen in den Jahren 1962 bis 1964.
623:
stood on the site, its origin no longer known to the locals. With the disappearance of the last visible walls, knowledge of the royal palace disappeared from the memory of man.
931:
buildings were partially reconstructed and the "West tower" (tower II of the donjon) was fully reconstructed to give an idea of the appearance of the buildings as a whole.
388:
1988:
1459:
1500:
M. C. Blaich, "Der Archäologie- und Landschaftspark „Kaiserpfalz Werla“ – Zur Visualisierung eines archäologischen Denkmals im Kontext von Natur- und Landschaftsschutz."
462:
At the beginning of the 10th century, the construction of the fortified palace complex occurred. The first documentary attestations also belong to this period. In his
389:
1939:
1798:(Zeitschrift für niedersächsische Archäologie), N. F. 56, Hannover 2005, pp. 191–218 (mit 3 Abb., darunter 2 Porträtphotos von Hermann Schroller).
1983:
490:
Werla experienced its first golden age, as shown by documents recording fourteen royal visits between 924 and 1013. All Ottonians visited the palace at least once;
391:
390:
1207: 2, N.S. Vol. 1, No. 2, Göttingen 1935, pp. 25–29. K. Brandi, "Die Ausgrabung der Pfalz Werla durch Regierungsbaurat Dr. K. Becker."
450:(8th/9th centuries). The number of pottery finds from this time period proved very low and none of the buildings that were uncovered can be dated to this period.
1173:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Institutes für Geschichte 11/1, Göttingen 1963, pp. 113–157. S. Krüger, "Einige Bemerkungen zur Werla-Forschung." in
394:
392:
396:
1367:
No. 56, Hannover 2008, pp. 27–39. J. Kaminski, S. Söllig, "Pfalz Werla – Rekonstruktion und Massenermittlung zu Kapelle und „Estrichbau“."
1211: 2, N.S. Vol. 1, No. 2, Göttingen 1935, pp. 17–25. H. Schroller, "Bericht über die Untersuchung der Königspfalz Werla im Jahre 1937."
393:
735:. Accordingly, attempts were made to date the finds to the Ottonian period as much as possible, and preferably to the reign of the so-called "Reich-founder"
1311:
G. Stelzer, "Neue Ausgrabungen auf der Königspfalz Werla bei Schladen in den Jahren 1957 bis 1960, Teil III: Die Untersuchungen in den Jahren 1959 und 1960.
718:
Also new and innovative was the use of modern chemical analysis and the interdisciplinary interaction between architectural historians, archaeologists and
70:
1905:
Der Archäologie- und Landschaftspark „Kaiserpfalz Werla“ – Zur Visualisierung eines archäologischen Denkmals im Kontext von Natur- und Landschaftsschutz.
964:
626:
However, around 50 textual references to the palace's existence from the 10th to the 13th century remained, including royal documents and chronicles.
435:, an alternative word for "forest". Schröder then suggested that the name referred to a "holy forest area" in the region of the later palace in which
275:(Old Mill) in Schladen is a convenient starting point. After two kilometres one is confronted with a 17m high plateau on which the palace is located.
1363:
Markus C. Blaich, Henning Zellmer, "Die ottonische Pfalz Werla – Überlegungen zu Baugrund und Baugestein." in H. G. Röhling & H. Zellmer (Edd.),
1215:, N.S. Vol. 2, No. 6, Göttingen 1938, pp. 85–120. H. Schroller, "Die Untersuchung der sächsischen Königspfalz Werla bei Goslar."
2003:
1024:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 11/3, Göttingen 1979, pp. 263–277. E. Ring, "Heißluftheizungen im Harzgebiet."
937:
912:
purchased the surrounding fields. Meanwhile, around 1.5 million euro were invested in the project. Work was carried out with the advice of the
483:. In exchange for freeing him, Henry was later able to organise a nine-year truce, which enabled him to strengthen the defenses of the Empire.
1978:
559:
1393:
Timothy Reuter, "König, Adelige, Andere: „Basis“ und „Überbau“ in ottonischer Zeit." in B. Schneidmüller, S. Weinfurter (Edd.),
1998:
1020:
33, 1941, pp. 256–273. A. Gauert, "Das Palatium der Pfalz Werla. Archäologischer Befund und schriftliche Überlieferung." In
909:
1784:
1731:
723:
explained by Schroller's lack of professional training – an important factor was the strong ideological influence of
502:
1487:
M. C. Blaich, M. Geschwinde et al., "Pfalz Werla – zwischen archäologischer Forschung, Naturschutz und touristischer Erschließung."
1993:
1037:
R. Busch, "Modell der Bebauung der Hauptburg der Pfalz Werla und Grabungsfunde aus der Pfalz Werla." In C. Meckseper (Ed.)
991:
Göttinger Schriften zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 8, Neumünster 1967. Supplementary: P. Grimm, review of C.-H. Seebach,
1169:
68, 1935, pp. 15–27. W. Berges, "Zur Geschichte des Werla-Goslarer Reichsbezirks vom 9. bis zum 11. Jahrhundert." in
1093:
W. Flechsig, "Der Wortstamm „wer“ in ostfälischen Orts-, Flur- und Gewässernamen. Ein namenkundlicher Streit um die Werla." In
349:
1445:
913:
498:
551:
535:
514:
510:
1228: 7, 1939, pp. 53–78. H. Schroller, "Bericht über die Untersuchung der Königspfalz Werla im Jahre 1939."
1219: 6, 1938, pp. 39–60. H. Schroller, "Bericht über die Untersuchung der Königspfalz Werla im Jahre 1938."
952:
854:
791:
736:
677:
506:
608:
216:
in the 10th century in particular. Although it subsequently lost its political significance to the newly established
795:
603:
1556:
2008:
1346:, Stuttgart 2010, pp. 121–123, No. 210. "Bericht zu Werlaburgdorf, FStNr. 1, Gde. Werlaburgdorf."
694:
555:
539:
436:
245:
217:
1350:, Stuttgart 2011, pp. 251–252, No. 473. "Bericht zu Werlaburgdorf, FStNr. 1, Gde. Werlaburgdorf."
1016:
C.-H. Seebach, "Freilegung einer frühmittelalterlichen Heißluftheizung auf der sächsischen Königspfalz Werla."
278:
The nearby town of Werlaburgdorf first acquired its name in 1958. Before that it was simply called Burgdorf.
249:
647:
The first attempts to locate Werla palace took place in the 19th century. Suspected candidates included the
613:. The church of the old palace was taken over by the abbey as well, having been under the administration of
563:
365:
727:. A specific idea of an Ottonian palace was imposed on Werla, which was referred to as the "Cradle of the
1473:
1328:
1835:
1814:
Im Banne des Zeitgeistes – Hermann Schroller und die Ausgrabungen auf der Pfalz Werla von 1936 bis 1939.
1763:
Die Luftheizungen des Mittelalters. Zur Typologie und Entwicklung eines technikgeschichtlichen Phänomens
1041:
Katalog Landesausstellung Niedersachsen 1985, Vol 3, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1985, Cat.-No. 13, 14.
786:
518:
300:
1278:"Im Banne des Zeitgeists – Hermann Schroller und die Ausgrabungen in der Pfalz Werla von 1936 bis 1939"
1262: 6, 1938, pp. 33–38. G. Frebold, "Baugestein und Gesteinsbearbeitung der Werlabauten."
505:
is doubtful, however. At least twice the royal succession was decided at the Palace. Thus, during the
571:
476:
1528:
614:
1636:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Institutes für Geschichte 11/1, Göttingen 1963, pp. 113–157.
1576:
782:
703:
257:
1898:
Unvollendete und verschollene Städte. Ein vergessenes Kapitel Stadtgeschichte in den Welfenlanden.
1694:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 11/3, Göttingen 1979, pp. 263–277.
1676:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 11/2, Göttingen 1965, pp. 174–209.
1665:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 11/2, Göttingen 1965, pp. 210–264.
1384:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 11/2, Göttingen 1965, pp. 150–166.
1181:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 11/2, Göttingen 1965, pp. 174–209.
1097:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 11/2, Göttingen 1965, pp. 167–173.
253:
921:
871:
707:
570:
of the baileys during this time. In 1180 the palace was visited by an Emperor for the last time.
467:
1751:
648:
414:
1654:
Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 11/2, Göttingen 1965, pp. 1–60.
1407:
10, 2007, pp. 98–101. Markus C. Blaich, "Von Gehhilfen, Stabdornen und „Schulzenstäben“."
1245:
N. S. 7, 1956, pp. 41–46. W. Geilmann, "Der Mörtel der Kaiserpfalz Werla."
228:, as well as earthworks, has been partially reconstructed and is now open to the public as the
1780:
1727:
1517:
Website of the ongoing archaeological project and wilderness park of the Royal Palace of Werla
1067:
M. Geschwinde, "Die ungewöhnliche Lehrgrabung der TU Braunschweig auf der Königspfalz Werla."
728:
681:
447:
209:
205:
1840:
Pfalz Werla – zwischen archäologischer Forschung, Naturschutz und touristischer Erschließung.
1641:
Herkunfts- und Altersbestimmung einer alten Erzschlacke aus dem nordwestdeutschen Harzvorland
1205:
Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Phil.-Hist. Kl., Fachgruppe
1609:
Freilegung einer frühmittelalterlichen Heißluftheizung auf der sächsischen Königspfalz Werla
1534:
1209:
Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Phil.-Hist. Kl. Fachgruppe
924:
740:
471:
421:(Forest of Man). In his view, the name derived from the Latin or Germanic words for "man" (
1880:
Königliche Burgen und Pfalzen als Zentren für den reisenden Hof des ostfränkischen Reiches
1741:. Forschungen und Berichte des Braunschweigischen Landesmuseums 1, Braunschweig 1990.
1573:. Zeitschrift des Harz-Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde 68, 1935, pp. 15–27.
1348:
Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Beiheft 14. Fundchronik Niedersachsen 2008/09
1344:
Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Beiheft 13. Fundchronik Niedersachsen 2006/07
893:
407:
173:
1420:
Markus C. Blaich, "Werla – Fronhof, Königspfalz und Ansiedlung des 9.–13. Jahrhunderts."
673:
264:
45:
1395:
Ottonische Neuanfänge. Symposium zur Ausstellung „Otto der Große, Magdeburg und Europa.“
828:
sighting and checking of already known finds, new discoveries were also made. Thus, the
1746:
Frühe Burgen und Pfalzen in Niedersachsen – Von den Anfängen bis zum frühen Mittelalter
1692:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
1674:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
1663:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
1652:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
1634:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
1546:
1382:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
1352:
Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Beiheft 15. Fundchronik Niedersachsen 2010
1179:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
1175:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
1171:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
1095:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
1022:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Beiträge zu ihrer historischen und archäologischen Erforschung.
575:
547:
495:
491:
315:
193:
185:
105:
54:
41:
1552:
1972:
1862:
Rezeption der Grabungen in der Pfalz Werla in Archäologie und Geschichtswissenschaft.
619:
618:
have fallen into ruin by 1550 at the latest. Some of the residents probably moved to
538:
Werla had begun to lose its political importance on account of the newly established
443:
290:
Reconstruction of the upper fortress of Werla Palace on a public display for visitors
181:
37:
442:
The most recent excavations revealed indications of a gap in habitation between the
1894:
Bemerkungen zu den ökonomischen und ökologischen Bezügen ottonischer Königspfalzen.
1688:
Das Palatium der Pfalz Werla. Archäologischer Befund und schriftliche Überlieferung
732:
579:
241:
240:
The palace is one of the five most important Ottonian and Salian palaces in modern
189:
757:
1230:
Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Phil.-Hist. Kl,
1221:
Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Phil.-Hist. Kl.
1213:
Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Phil.-Hist. Kl.
874:
in one spot indicate an area used for textile production, while clay nozzles of
863:
711:
652:
639:
543:
480:
369:
221:
1054: 3, 1935, pp. 57–59. C. Redlich, "Die Knochennadeln von Werla."
590:
410:
was discovered. It contained the skeleton of an older woman and a small child.
286:
1630:
Zur Geschichte des Werla-Goslarer Reichsbezirks vom 9. bis zum 11. Jahrhundert
1039:
Stadt im Wandel. Kunst und Kultur des Bürgertums in Norddeutschland 1150–1650.
660:
1954:
1941:
1756:
Deutsche Königspfalzen. Von Karl dem Großen bis Friedrich II. (765–1240)
85:
72:
943:
829:
799:
719:
706:
and even the Army Aviation School of Hildesheim for the excavation. In 1937
567:
487:
308:) instead of a wall. There were further buildings within the main fortress:
213:
1887:
Die ungewöhnliche Lehrgrabung der TU Braunschweig auf der Königspfalz Werla
1838:, Andreas Memmert, Frank Oesterhelweg, Uwe Rullmann, Karl-Friedrich Weber:
1748:. Wegweiser zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte Niedersachsens 17, Hildesheim 1995.
1683:. Göttinger Schriften zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 8, Neumünster 1967.
1535:
Palace locations in the east of Lower Saxony and the west of Saxony-Anhalt
1516:
999: 3, 1969, pp. 151–154. H. Quirin, review of C.-H. Seebach,
807:
595:
305:
296:
225:
1866:
Archäologie und völkisches Gedankengut: Zum Umgang mit dem eigenen Erbe.
439:
officers met to discuss matters. Another view, advanced by W. Flechsig.
200:
rising atop Kreuzberg hill, a 17 m high natural plateau overlooking the
875:
842:
803:
753:
197:
1927:
Die Ausgrabungen auf der Königspfalz Werla 2007 bis 2011 – Vorbericht.
413:
The etymology of Werla is not entirely clear. In 1935 the etymologist
232:(Archaeological and Wilderness Park of the Imperial Palace of Werla).
1825:
Die ottonische Pfalz Werla – Überlegungen zu Baugrund und Baugestein.
761:
724:
268:
17:
1916:
Werla – Fronhof, Königspfalz und Ansiedlung des 9.–13. Jahrhunderts.
1670:
Zur Geschichte der Pfalz Werla nach der schriftlichen Überlieferung
1277:
1258:
G. Frebold, "Untergrund und Landschaftsformen der Werla-Umgebung."
1131:
Das Reich und die Deutschen 3, Berlin 1991. E. Eickhoff,
643:
The 4 metre high memorial stone erected in the palace area in 1875.
1770:
Mittelalterliche Warmluftheizungen in Norddeutschland und Dänemark
1602:
Pfalz Werla. Die baugeschichtlichen Ergebnisse der Ausgrabung 1938
1540:
1522:
1050:
H. Schroller, "Ein steinzeitliches Hockergrab von der Werlaburg."
900:
Archaeological and Wilderness park of the Imperial Palace of Werla
699:
668:
638:
589:
494:
is recorded at Werla on five separate occasions. The visit of the
324:
285:
1112:
Chroniken des Mittelalters. Widukind. Otto von Freising. Helmold.
376:
with the area of the distinct, individual buildings in the centre
879:
867:
656:
373:
201:
1342:"Bericht zu Werlaburgdorf, FStNr. 1, Gde. Werlaburgdorf."
1523:
Website of the Archaeological park project "Kaiserpfalz Werla"
1167:
Zeitschrift des Harz-Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde
1154:
Zeitschrift des Harz-Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde
1082:
Zeitschrift des Harz-Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde
387:
1792:
Dr. Hermann Schroller (1900–1959) – Archäologe und Apotheker.
1232:
N.S. Vol. 3, No. 2, Göttingen 1940, pp. 65–87.
989:
Die Königspfalz Werla. Die baugeschichtlichen Untersuchungen.
1681:
Die Königspfalz Werla. Die baugeschichtlichen Untersuchungen
1461:
Archäologiepark bei Werlaburgdorf soll im Spätsommer öffnen.
602:
In 1240 the Bishop of Hildesheim gave the tithe of Werla to
136:
Foundation walls visible, reconstructed earthworks and walls
1380:
H. A. Schultz, "Wo lagen curtis und castrum Scladheim?" in
731:", which the Nazis considered to be the direct ancestor of
429:
respectively) and the rest of the name would be the suffix
348:
A reconstructed model of Werla Palace is on display in the
546:. However, Werla's palace status was not abolished as the
1873:
Burgen und symbolische Kommunikation – Werla und Harzburg
1777:
Königspfalz Werla Forschungsreise in das 10. Jahrhundert.
1203:
K. Becker, "Ausgrabung der Pfalz Werla. Ein Vorbericht."
892:
twenty-year-old woman. More than thirty vessels from the
59:
West tower of the palace complex as reconstructed in 2012
1889:. Archäologie in Niedersachsen 14, 2011, pp. 87–89.
1803:
Herrschaftssitze und handwerklich-gewerbliche Produktion
1595:
Die baugeschichtlichen Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1937
594:
Remains of palace foundations (2006), in the background
562:, probably a gift to secure the bishop's support in the
263:
The palace complex is located about 15 km south of
1241:
W. Geilmann, "Glasscheiben aus der Kaiserpfalz Werla."
1133:
Theophanu und der König: Otto III. und seine Welt,
1141:
Heinrich I. Begründer der ottonischen Herrschaft,
1625:. Die Kunde N. F. 7, 1956, pp. 96–113.
920:, beginning in autumn 2010. On 14 September 2012 the
1851:
Das neue Werla-Projekt: Rettung für die Königspfalz?
1618:. Die Kunde N. F. 7, 1956, pp. 41–46.
841:) whose inhabitants probably worked in the palace's
1779:1. Auflage. Zelter Verlag, Braunschweig 2005,
1739:
Die Königspfalz Werla. Die mittelalterliche Keramik
918:
Harz – Brunswick Land – Eastphalia National Geopark
158:
153:
145:
140:
132:
127:
119:
111:
101:
64:
29:
1896:In: B. U. Hucker, J. Leuschner (Hrsg.):
1313:Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in Niedersachsen
906:Archäologie- und Landschaftspark Kaiserpfalz Werla
554:leased around 400 Hufen of the palace's estate to
517:, who had died without children. The chronicle of
230:Archäologie- und Landschaftspark Kaiserpfalz Werla
1643:. Die Kunde N.F. 14, 1963, pp. 240–254.
1588:Ein steinzeitliches Hockergrab von der Werlaburg
1502:Berichte zur Denkmalpflege in Niedersachsen 2012
1489:Berichte zur Denkmalpflege in Niedersachsen 2010
910:Lower Saxon Ministry for Scholarship and Culture
1900:Salzgitter-Jahrbuch 30, 2012, pp. 157–170.
1882:. Concilium medii aevi 14, 2011, pp. 3–19.
1864:In: U. Ickerodt, F. Mahler (Hrsg.):
1369:Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte 80
777:On the 21 and 22 May 2005 a festival entitled
702:member, was able to secure the support of the
680:. As a result of increased scholarly interest
542:, which controlled the rich vein of silver at
299:and a 9-metre-wide and 4-metre-deep moat. The
1648:Zur Struktur und Topografie der Königspfalzen
1317:Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in Niedersachsen
8:
1909:Berichte zur Denkmalpflege in Niedersachsen.
1844:Berichte zur Denkmalpflege in Niedersachsen.
1715:. Harz-Zeitschrift 37, 1985, pp. 55–60.
1708:. Harz-Zeitschrift 37, 1985, pp. 37–48.
1701:. Harz-Zeitschrift 37, 1985, pp. 49–54.
1434:Braunschweiger Zeitung, Ausgabe Wolfenbüttel
1354:, Stuttgart 2012, pp. 155–156, No. 333.
1298:Volker Zedelius, "Fundmünzen der Werla." in
1129:Hegemoniales Kaisertum – Ottonen und Salier,
430:
1931:Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
1597:. Die Kunde 6, 1938, pp. 106–118.
958:Exposed and raised walls of the north tower
1875:. Burgen und Schlösser 2010, pp. 2–7.
26:
1989:Imperial palaces of the Holy Roman Empire
1604:. Die Kunde 7, 1939, pp. 79–94.
1590:. Die Kunde 3, 1935, pp. 57–59.
1583:. Die Kunde 3, 1936, pp. 59–65.
1249:N. S. 7, 1956, pp. 96–113.
1137:Die Ottonen. Königsherrschaft ohne Staat,
1114:Winkler Verlag, München 1964, p. 48.
914:Ostfalen Open-air and Experiential Museum
208:the palace was an important place in the
1192:Die Kaiserpfalz Werla und ihr Königsgut.
743:, the excavations came to an early end.
372:of Werla in a natural outcrop above the
1827:In: H.-G. Röhling, H. Zellmer (Hrsg.):
1330:Archäologischer Park Kaiserpfalz Werla.
1276:Blaich, Markus C.; Weber, Jörg (2010).
980:
933:
212:, serving as an important base for the
162:King of the Romans / Holy Roman Emperor
1984:10th-century establishments in Germany
1925:Markus C. Blaich, Michael Geschwinde:
1849:Markus C. Blaich, Michael Geschwinde:
1659:Einige Bemerkungen zur Werla-Forschung
1616:Glasscheiben aus der Kaiserpfalz Werla
513:was accepted at Werla as successor to
333:Underground "Escape route" (35 m long)
1829:GeoTop 2008 „Landschaft lesen lernen“
1005:Blätter für deutsche Landesgeschichte
635:Rediscovery and initial investigation
417:proposed the theory that Werla meant
7:
1699:Zur Metallverarbeitung auf der Werla
1611:. Mannus 33, 1941, pp. 256–273.
1365:GeoTop. „Landschaften lesen lernen“.
1127:Stuttgart 1987. H. K. Schulze,
970:Reconstructed earthwork-ditch system
479:, son of the Hungarian Grand Prince
779:Pfalz Werla – Leben vor 1000 Jahren
1772:. Offa 56, 1999, pp. 171–181.
1547:Photos of the Werla festival, 2005
1302:No. 37, 1985, pp. 55–60.
866:were brought to light. Remains of
819:reconstruction and visualisation.
574:ended his conflict with his enemy
340:), so-called "kitchen buildings" (
25:
1807:Alltag auf Burgen im Mittelalter.
1135:Stuttgart 1996. G. Althoff,
927:officially inaugurated the park.
689:Excavations between 1934 and 1939
327:I (22 m long with heating system)
1855:Archäologie in Niedersachsen 13.
1820:N.F. 59, 2008, pp. 147–188.
1765:. Antiquitates 17, Hamburg 1998.
1726:Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1989,
1623:Der Mörtel der Kaiserpfalz Werla
1447:Ein neues Reich für die Ottonen.
1319: 2, 1965, pp. 298–390.
963:
951:
936:
814:Excavation between 2007 and 2012
678:Technical University of Hannover
501:in 1035 during a meeting of the
357:
53:
2004:Archaeological sites in Germany
1868:Frankfurt 2010, pp. 45–54.
1706:Heißluftheizungen im Harzgebiet
1139:Stuttgart 2000. W. Giese,
1080:E. Schröder, "Der Name Werla."
446:(1st-3rd centuries AD) and the
350:Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum
1933:, Bd. 81, Stuttgart 2012.
1823:Markus C. Blaich, H. Zellmer:
1812:Markus C. Blaich, Jörg Weber:
1464:in newsclick, 25 January 2011.
1266: 6, 1938, pp. 61–64.
1165:C. Bochers, "Werla-Regesten."
1152:C. Bochers, "Werla-Regesten."
1058: 3, 1936, pp. 59–65.
794:for 2010. For the application
747:Renewed excavations: 1957-1964
1:
1110:in Ernst Metelmann (trans.):
1720:Der Werlahügel bei Schladen.
1639:Horst Fesser, Ulrich Horst.
1557:Braunschweigische Landschaft
1409:Archäologie in Niedersachsen
1405:Archäologie in Niedersachsen
1069:Archäologie in Niedersachsen
1007:105, 1969, pp. 645–646.
672:the architectural historian
630:Archaeological investigation
1979:10th-century fortifications
1581:Die Knochennadeln von Werla
1450:in newsclick, 25 June 2010.
997:Zeitschrift für Archäologie
792:European Capital of Culture
556:Udo von Gleichen-Reinhausen
550:would later claim. In 1086
2025:
1724:Wenn Steine reden könnten.
1559:on denkmalpflege.bsl-ag.de
908:). Therefore, in 2008 the
695:Hannover Provincial Museum
336:So-called "watch houses" (
1999:Former castles in Germany
1922:25, 2012, pp. 27–37.
1668:Hans-Jürgen Rieckenberg.
1531:on region-braunschweig.de
1424:25, 2012, pp. 27–37.
1411:12, 2009, pp. 81–84.
1371:, 2011, pp. 161–178.
1156:68, 1935, pp. 15–27.
1071:14, 2011, pp. 87–89.
1028:37, 1985, pp. 37–48.
987:Overview: C.-H. Seebach,
507:succession crisis in 1002
218:Imperial Palace of Goslar
52:
34:
1805:. In: J. Zeune (Hrsg.):
1790:Hans Joachim Bodenbach.
1475:Archäologiepark eröffnet
946:in the west tower (2013)
849:Excavation in the bailey
823:Excavation in the donjon
401:Prehistory and Etymology
321:Hall building (17 × 7 m)
123:110 m (360 ft)
115:c. 20 ha (49 acres)
1994:Castles in Lower Saxony
1911:2/2012, pp. 89–94.
1857:2010, pp. 120–124.
1679:Carl-Heinrich Seebach.
1607:Carl-Heinrich Seebach.
1525:at kaiserpfalz-werla.de
1108:Sächsische Geschichten,
564:Investiture Controversy
470:records a stay by King
86:52.037683°N 10.554771°E
1543:on werlageschichten.de
1537:on werlageschichten.de
896:were also discovered.
644:
599:
598:with its sugar factory
431:
291:
1106:Widukind von Corvey,
1001:Die Königspfalz Werla
993:Die Königspfalz Werla
796:Wolfenbüttel district
642:
593:
519:Thietmar of Merseburg
466:the Saxon chronicler
444:Roman Imperial period
289:
192:. The grounds of the
170:Royal Palace of Werla
30:Royal palace of Werla
1885:Michael Geschwinde:
1761:Klaus Bingenheimer.
1718:Ernst A. Friedrich.
1713:Fundmünzen der Werla
708:aerial investigation
572:Frederick Barbarossa
560:Bishop of Hildesheim
509:, the Bavarian duke
330:Palas II (15 × 34 m)
244:(The other four are
154:Garrison information
91:52.037683; 10.554771
1955:52.0377°N 10.5548°E
1951: /
1846:2010, pp. 6–9.
1734:, pp. 115–117.
1600:Martin V. Rudolph.
1593:Martin V. Rudolph.
1586:Hermann Schroller.
1084:68, pp. 37–43.
1003:(Neumünster 1967).
995:(Neumünster 1967).
704:Reichsarbeitsdienst
312:Chapel (23 × 7.5 m)
82: /
1914:Markus C. Blaich:
1903:Markus C. Blaich:
1892:Markus C. Blaich:
1860:Markus C. Blaich:
1836:Michael Geschwinde
1834:Markus C. Blaich,
1621:Wilhelm Geilmann.
1614:Wilhelm Geilmann.
1333:(pdf, 2,6 MB)
922:Minister-President
855:geomagnetic survey
645:
600:
468:Widukind of Corvey
368:Site of the early
292:
180:) is located near
1801:Michael Herdick.
1768:Rüdiger Schniek.
1758:. Darmstadt 1996.
1711:Volker Zedelius.
1300:Harz-Zeitschrift,
712:stereophotography
665:Kaiserpfalz Werla
448:Early Middle Ages
267:and northeast of
210:Holy Roman Empire
206:Early Middle Ages
178:Königspfalz Werla
166:
165:
16:(Redirected from
2016:
2009:Henry the Fowler
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:52.0377; 10.5548
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1920:Chateau Gaillard
1871:Christian Frey:
1775:Robert Slawski.
1628:Wilhelm Berges.
1541:Werlageschichten
1505:
1504:, pp 89–94.
1498:
1492:
1485:
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1471:
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1422:Chateau Gaillard
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925:David McAllister
741:Second World War
612:
586:Decay & ruin
540:palace at Goslar
472:Henry the Fowler
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408:Baalberg Culture
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149:9th century
128:Site information
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1878:Caspar Ehlers:
1752:Günther Binding
1744:Hans W. Heine.
1657:Sabine Krüger.
1566:
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1491:, pp. 6–9.
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894:Baalberge group
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887:Neolithic grave
853:Furthermore, a
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682:Goslar District
637:
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604:Heiningen Abbey
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578:here, close to
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464:Saxon Chronicle
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458:Palatial period
415:Edward Schröder
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733:Nazi Germany
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342:Küchenhäuser
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265:Wolfenbüttel
262:
242:Lower Saxony
239:
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194:royal palace
190:Lower Saxony
177:
169:
167:
141:Site history
46:Wolfenbüttel
1958: /
1646:A. Gauert.
1553:Description
1529:Pfalz Werla
864:hay barrack
729:First Reich
653:Mecklenburg
607: [
544:Rammelsberg
370:Königspfalz
222:Rammelsberg
106:Königspfalz
89: /
65:Coordinates
1973:Categories
1946:10°33′17″E
1943:52°02′16″N
1288:: 147–188.
976:References
767:Heerburgen
720:geologists
661:Westphalia
649:Burg Werle
568:pit-houses
530:Settlement
486:Under the
419:Männerwald
338:Wachhäuser
273:Alte Mühle
77:10°33′17″E
74:52°02′16″N
1818:Die Kunde
1796:Die Kunde
1478:on ndr.de
1401:Westfalen
1282:Die Kunde
1264:Die Kunde
1260:Die Kunde
1247:Die Kunde
1243:Die Kunde
1226:Die Kunde
1217:Die Kunde
1056:Die Kunde
1052:Die Kunde
944:Gatehouse
830:wall plan
800:Ruhr.2010
758:Göttingen
499:Conrad II
488:Ottonians
318:(5 × 8 m)
306:palisades
214:Ottonians
159:Occupants
133:Condition
916:and the
808:Istanbul
685:follow.
620:Burgdorf
596:Schladen
552:Henry IV
536:Henry II
515:Otto III
511:Henry IV
297:enceinte
236:Location
226:enceinte
198:hectares
1555:by the
876:bellows
843:demesne
787:Staufen
754:Rostock
737:Henry I
676:of the
524:Landtag
382:History
316:cabinet
1783:
1730:
1690:. In:
1672:. In:
1661:. In:
1650:. In:
1632:. In:
1018:Mannus
835:Curtis
762:Bremen
725:Nazism
669:linden
667:and a
496:Salian
477:Zoltán
432:-la(h)
269:Goslar
258:Pöhlde
250:Dahlum
246:Goslar
174:German
120:Height
868:looms
700:NSDAP
611:]
481:Árpád
325:Palas
254:Grona
188:) in
146:Built
36:near
18:Werla
1929:In:
1918:In:
1907:In:
1853:In:
1842:In:
1816:In:
1794:In:
1781:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1722:In:
880:slag
878:and
870:and
839:Dorf
806:and
804:Pécs
785:and
783:Welf
657:Werl
655:and
425:and
374:Oker
202:Oker
168:The
112:Area
102:Type
659:in
651:in
437:Gau
427:wer
423:vir
260:).
220:at
44:in
1975::
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1579:.
1286:59
1284:.
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845:.
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802:,
760:,
756:,
609:de
558:,
256:,
252:,
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176::
40:,
1787:.
172:(
20:)
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