545:: has a helical spring, typically wound with square-cross-section wire. These were developed in the late 19th and early 20th-century. In simple form the spring is fastened at one end to the driven member; its other end is unattached. The spring fits closely around a cylindrical driving member. If the driving member rotates in the direction that would unwind the spring expands minutely and slips although with some drag. Because of this, spring clutches must typically be lubricated with light oil. Rotating the driving member the other way makes the spring wrap itself tightly around the driving surface and the clutch locks up very quickly. The torque required to make a spring clutch slip
393:. When engaged, the load torque on each pawl transfers to the others to keep them engaged. These clutches do not slip once locked up, and they engage very quickly, on the order of milliseconds. A trip projection extends out from the assembly. If the trip lever engaged this projection, the clutch was disengaged. When the trip lever releases this projection, internal springs and friction engage the clutch. The clutch then rotates one or more turns, stopping when the trip lever again engages the trip projection.
507:: Found in some types of synchronous-motor-driven electric clocks built before the 1940s, to prevent the clock from running backwards. The clutch consisted of a wrap-spring clutch-brake that was coupled to the rotor by one or two stages of reduction gearing. The clutch-brake locked up when rotated backwards, but also had some spring action. The inertia of the rotor going backwards engaged the clutch and wound the spring. As it unwound, it restarted the motor in the correct direction.
210:, the friction material sits in an oil bath (or has flow-through oil) which cools and lubricates the clutch. This can provide smoother engagement and a longer lifespan of the clutch, however wet clutches can have a lower efficiency due to some energy being transferred to the oil. Since the surfaces of a wet clutch can be slippery (as with a motorcycle clutch bathed in engine oil), stacking multiple clutch discs can compensate for the lower
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Motorcycles typically employ a wet clutch with the clutch riding in the same oil as the transmission. These clutches are usually made up of a stack of alternating friction plates and steel plates. The friction plates have lugs on their outer diameters that lock them into a basket that is turned by
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use a dry clutch, which is operated by the driver using the left-most pedal. The motion of the pedal is transferred to the clutch using hydraulics (master and slave cylinders) or a cable. The clutch is only disengaged at times when the driver is pressing on the clutch pedal, therefore the default
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developed an improved single turn spring clutch. In these clutches, a coil spring is wrapped around the driven shaft and held in an expanded configuration by the trip lever. When tripped, the spring rapidly contracts around the power shaft engaging the clutch. At the end of one revolution, if the
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the clutch is operated by a hand lever on the left handlebar. No pressure on the lever means that the clutch plates are engaged (driving), while pulling the lever back towards the rider disengages the clutch plates through cable or hydraulic actuation, allowing the rider to shift gears or coast.
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Greatly simplified single-revolution clutches were developed in the 20th century, requiring much smaller operating forces and in some variations, allowing for a fixed fraction of a revolution per operation. Fast action friction clutches replaced dog clutches in some applications, eliminating the
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are dry clutches. Slippage of a friction clutch (where the clutch is partially engaged but the shafts are rotating at different speeds) is sometimes required, such as when a motor vehicle accelerates from a standstill; however the slippage should be minimised to avoid increased wear rates.
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The clutch is required for standing starts and is usually (but not always) used to assist in synchronising the speeds of the engine and transmission during gear changes, i.e. while reducing the engine speed (RPM) during upshifts and increasing the engine speed during downshifts.
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consists of several friction plates arranged concentrically. In some cases, it is used instead of a larger diameter clutch. Drag racing cars use multi-plate clutches to control the rate of power transfer to the wheels as the vehicle accelerates from a standing start.
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by a spring mechanism. The wheels of the vehicle only rotate when the flywheel is in contact with the friction disk. To stop the transfer of power, the friction disk is moved away from the flywheel by means of a lever mechanism. The majority of automotive clutches on
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also used them. These are typically disc-shaped assemblies mounted on the driven shaft. Inside the hollow disc-shaped drive drum are two or three freely floating pawls arranged so that when the clutch is tripped, the pawls spring outward much like the shoes in a
121:(via several intermediate components). The clutch allows the drill bit to either spin at the same speed as the motor (clutch engaged), spin at a lower speed than the motor (clutch slipping) or remain stationary while the motor is spinning (clutch disengaged).
583:, as this already provides a convenient large-diameter steel disk that can act as one driving plate of the clutch. Some racing clutches use small multi-plate disk packs that are not part of the flywheel. Both clutch and flywheel are enclosed in a conical
523:: Invented by Waldo J Kelleigh in 1949, used for transmitting torque between two shafts consisting of a fixed driving member secured to one of said shafts, and a movable driving member, having a contacting surface with a plurality of indentations.
369:
of the driven member releases the tension on the spring. These clutches have long operating lives—many have performed tens and perhaps hundreds of millions of cycles without the need of maintenance other than occasional lubrication.
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the crankshaft. The steel plates have lugs on their inner diameters that lock them to the transmission input shaft. A set of coil springs or a diaphragm spring plate force the plates together when the clutch is engaged.
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A cone clutch is similar to dry friction plate clutch, except the friction material is applied to the outside of a conical shaped object. A common application for cone clutches is the
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state is for the transmission to be connected to the engine. A "neutral" gear position is provided, so that the clutch pedal can be released with the vehicle remaining stationary.
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speed. As the temperature of the spring rises, it unwinds and opens the valve, allowing fluid past the valve, making the fan spin at about 60% to 90% of crankshaft speed.
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A centrifugal clutch automatically engages as the speed of the input shaft increases and disengages as the input shaft speed decreases. Applications include small
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where a single pull of the operating lever or (later) press of a button would trip the mechanism, engaging the clutch between the power source and the machine's
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341:, pressing any key selected a particular character and also engaged a single rotation clutch to cycle the mechanism to typeset that character. Similarly, in
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for exactly one revolution before disengaging the clutch. When the clutch is disengaged, the driven member is stationary. Early designs were typically
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to prevent slippage of the torque converter, in order to reduce the energy loss through the transmission and therefore improve fuel economy.
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that are slack when the engine is idling, but an idler pulley can tighten the belts to increase friction between the belts and the pulleys.
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In addition to their use in heavy manufacturing equipment, single-revolution clutches were applied to numerous small machines. In
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337:, for example, pressing the operate key would trip a single revolution clutch to process the most recently entered number. In
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631:. When the temperature is low, the spring winds and closes the valve, which lets the fan spin at about 20% to 30% of the
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makes the particles clump together and adhere to the operating surfaces. Engagement and slippage are notably smooth.
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513:: used on agricultural equipment, lawnmowers, tillers, and snow blowers. Engine power is transmitted via a set of
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345:, the receipt of each character tripped a single-revolution clutch to operate one cycle of the print mechanism.
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110:. By disengaging the clutch, the engine speed (RPM) is no longer determined by the speed of the driven wheels.
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535:, contains magnetically influenced particles in a chamber between driving and driven members—application of
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531:: typically engaged by an electromagnet that is an integral part of the clutch assembly. Another type, the
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for the gearbox. The friction material used for the clutch disk varies, with a common material being an
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1156:"Comparison of the Friction and Wear Characteristics between Copper and Paper Based Friction Materials"
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to be disconnected from a rotating input shaft. The clutch's input shaft is typically attached to a
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trip lever has been reset, it catches the end of the spring (or a pawl attached to it), and the
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Older belt-driven engine cooling fans often use a heat-activated clutch, in the form of a
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1154:
Yu, Liang; Ma, Biao; Chen, Man; Li, Heyan; Ma, Chengnan; Liu, Jikai (15 September 2019).
117:. The clutch's input shaft is driven by a motor and the output shaft is connected to the
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Mechanical device that connects and disconnects two rotating shafts or other moving parts
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clutch, pressing the pedal pulls the release bearing to disengage the clutch. In a
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that was particularly well suited to the repetitive start-stop action required in
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615:. However, the transmission itself often includes internal clutches, such as a
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clutch, pressing the pedal pushes the release bearing to disengage the clutch.
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superseded wrap-spring single-revolution clutches in page printers, such as
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within the vehicle. Also, some clutches for manual transmission cars use a
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on the driven member used to disengage the dogs at the appropriate point.
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to transfer power from the input shaft to the output shaft, for example a
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Alva G. Russell, Alfred
Burkhardt, and Samuel E. Calhoun, Spring Clutch,
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688: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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431: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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777:, which, being applied only to the rear wheel, can cause instability.
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Arthur H, Adams, Selecting and typing means for printing telegraphs,
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problem of impact loading on the dogs every time the clutch engaged.
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often uses magnetic clutches to engage the compressor as required.
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The clutch is usually mounted directly to the face of the engine's
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Fred. M. Carroll, Key adding device for tabulating machines,
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was developed in the 19th century to power machinery such as
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A dog clutch is a non-slip design of clutch which is used in
214:
and so eliminate slippage under power when fully engaged.
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Some clutch disks include springs designed to change the
42:
896:
Frank
Wheeler, Clutch and stop mechanism for presses,
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and its successors, using the same design principles.
102:, the clutch acts as a mechanical linkage between the
843:(5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 212.
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with the number of turns in the spring, obeying the
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217:Wet clutches often use a composite paper material.
1133:Charles C. Tillotson, Power-Transmission Clutch,
113:Another example of clutch usage is in electric
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83:is a mechanical device that allows an output
8:
840:Mechanisms and mechanical devices sourcebook
295:Cascaded-pawl single-revolution clutch in a
611:, the role of the clutch is performed by a
198:to avoid abrupt engagements of the clutch.
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976:William Lautenschlager, Friction Clutch,
748:Learn how and when to remove this message
491:Learn how and when to remove this message
374:Cascaded-pawl single-revolution clutches
32:This is an accepted version of this page
1016:Clifton Chisholm, Typesetting machine,
829:
190:of the clutch disc, in order to reduce
28:
7:
2129:Automotive transmission technologies
1655:
1113:Analdo M. English, Friction-Clutch,
686:adding citations to reliable sources
429:adding citations to reliable sources
1222:"What is Lock-up Clutch Mechanism?"
1819:Continuously variable transmission
362:Pitney Bowes Postage Meter Company
353:
57:
1622:Automobile auxiliary power outlet
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1277:Part of a series of articles on
956:John J. Zeitz, Friction-clutch,
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673:needs additional citations for
416:needs additional citations for
154:presses against a car engine's
75:Friction disk for a dry clutch
1:
1854:Automated manual transmission
1334:Electronic instrument cluster
769:Racing motorcycles often use
638:A vehicle's air-conditioning
281:non-synchronous transmissions
1294:Automotive navigation system
773:to eliminate the effects of
567:Most cars and trucks with a
360:. In 1942, two employees of
1929:Semi-automatic transmission
1420:Electronic throttle control
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1766:Internal combustion engine
1466:Automatic vehicle location
916:Samuel Trethewey, Clutch,
272:
265:in a manual transmission.
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61:
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2065:Hybrid vehicle drivetrain
1954:Transmission control unit
1894:Limited-slip differential
1859:Electrorheological clutch
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386:IBM Selectric typewriters
1844:Dual-clutch transmission
1144:, granted Apr. 23, 1907.
1090:, granted Oct. 13, 1942.
987:, granted Dec. 19, 1922.
947:, granted Apr. 30, 1912.
936:Fred. R. Allen, Clutch,
927:, granted Apr. 18, 1893.
907:, granted Dec. 14, 1891.
533:magnetic particle clutch
352:developed a single-turn
304:single-revolution clutch
287:Single-revolution clutch
39:latest accepted revision
1814:Constant-velocity joint
1299:Automotive night vision
1070:, granted Feb. 21, 1928
1047:, issued Jun. 13, 1928.
1027:, granted Dec. 6, 1932.
1007:, granted Mar. 8, 1932.
967:, granted Dec. 8, 1908.
603:Automatic transmissions
212:coefficient of friction
138:Diagram of a dry clutch
64:Clutch (disambiguation)
1794:Automatic transmission
1224:. Your Online Mechanic
1124:, granted Apr. 4 1882.
837:Sclater, Neil (2011).
655:
609:automatic transmission
528:Electromagnetic clutch
505:Kickback clutch-brakes
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1481:Remote keyless system
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1899:Locking differential
1834:Direct-shift gearbox
1059:, Clutch Mechanism,
682:improve this article
646:Usage in motorcycles
623:Fans and compressors
563:Manual transmissions
558:Usage in automobiles
425:improve this article
339:typesetting machines
161:manual transmissions
62:For other uses, see
1924:Preselector gearbox
1904:Manual transmission
1172:2019Mate...12.2988Y
872:"How Clutches Work"
569:manual transmission
547:grows exponentially
335:tabulating machines
29:Page version status
2070:Electric generator
1975:Wheel hub assembly
1329:Check engine light
1309:Blind spot monitor
1181:10.3390/ma12182988
1057:Frederick G. Creed
656:
543:Wrap-spring clutch
354:wrap spring clutch
350:Frederick G. Creed
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227:Centrifugal clutch
221:Centrifugal clutch
196:clutch delay valve
180:multi-plate clutch
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878:. 16 October 2007
876:howstuffworks.com
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263:synchronizer ring
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47:11 September 2024
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818:Torque limiter
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788:Clutch control
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775:engine braking
756:
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617:lock-up clutch
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537:direct current
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237:motor scooters
225:Main article:
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1304:Backup camera
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699: –
698:
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693:Find sources:
687:
683:
677:
676:
671:This section
669:
665:
660:
659:
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645:
643:
641:
636:
634:
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445:
442: –
441:
437:
436:Find sources:
430:
426:
420:
419:
414:This section
412:
408:
403:
402:
397:Other designs
396:
394:
392:
387:
383:
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153:
152:friction disk
149:
145:
136:
129:
124:
122:
120:
116:
111:
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105:
101:
100:motor vehicle
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
73:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2012:Racing slick
1949:Transfer box
1919:Park-by-wire
1914:Parking pawl
1829:Differential
1808:
1804:Direct-drive
1786:Transmission
1776:Steam engine
1721:Part of the
1720:
1409:
1400:Bowden cable
1276:
1269:Car interior
1226:. Retrieved
1216:
1166:(18): 2988.
1163:
1159:
1149:
1129:
1109:
1095:
1075:
1052:
1032:
1012:
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952:
932:
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880:. Retrieved
875:
866:
854:. Retrieved
839:
832:
763:
759:
744:
738:January 2023
735:
725:
718:
711:
704:
692:
680:Please help
675:verification
672:
637:
626:
616:
606:
578:
574:
566:
542:
532:
526:
520:
510:
504:
487:
481:January 2023
478:
468:
461:
454:
447:
435:
423:Please help
418:verification
415:
378:teleprinters
373:
372:
358:teleprinters
347:
343:teleprinters
332:
328:
320:dog clutches
303:
301:
278:
260:
230:
216:
207:
205:
185:
179:
177:
172:
168:
166:
151:
148:dry friction
143:
141:
112:
108:transmission
97:
80:
78:
68:
46:
37:This is the
31:
1990:Alloy wheel
1849:Drive wheel
1839:Drive shaft
1799:Chain drive
1610:Convenience
1601:Vehicle mat
1550:Rumble seat
1535:Bucket seat
1491:VIN etching
1471:Immobiliser
1364:Speedometer
1314:Boost gauge
1287:Instruments
882:24 December
856:27 December
766:motorcycles
585:bellhousing
511:Belt clutch
297:teleprinter
257:Cone clutch
251:Cone clutch
245:automobiles
233:motorcycles
2118:Categories
2075:Alternator
1723:Automobile
1712:Powertrain
1627:Cup holder
1571:Boot liner
1530:Bench seat
1454:Anti-theft
1425:Gear stick
1374:Telematics
1369:Tachometer
1339:Fuel gauge
1082:US 2298970
1062:US 1659724
1039:US 2161840
1019:US 1889914
999:US 1848106
979:US 1439314
939:US 1025043
825:References
803:Gear shift
708:newspapers
640:compressor
633:crankshaft
599:material.
521:BMA clutch
451:newspapers
391:drum brake
316:crankshaft
275:Dog clutch
269:Dog clutch
208:wet clutch
202:Wet clutch
144:dry clutch
130:Dry clutch
18:Wet clutch
1944:Transaxle
1909:Manumatic
1879:Gearshift
1751:Fuel cell
1632:Car phone
1596:Sun visor
1581:Dashboard
1555:Seat belt
1486:Smart key
1379:Tell-tale
1190:1996-1944
1160:Materials
1136:US 850981
1116:US 255957
959:US 906181
919:US 495686
899:US 470797
798:Freewheel
348:In 1928,
241:chainsaws
173:push-type
169:pull-type
119:drill bit
2124:Clutches
2103:Category
2042:Tubeless
2027:Run-flat
2007:Off-road
1824:Coupling
1746:Electric
1650:Category
1393:Controls
1349:Odometer
1324:Carputer
1208:31540186
793:Coupling
781:See also
697:"Clutch"
581:flywheel
440:"Clutch"
156:flywheel
43:reviewed
1660:Commons
1525:Armrest
1509:Seating
1228:17 July
1199:6766303
1168:Bibcode
808:Saxomat
722:scholar
597:ceramic
465:scholar
322:with a
312:presses
2093:Portal
2053:Hybrid
2017:Radial
1995:Hubcap
1809:Clutch
1756:Hybrid
1725:series
1670:Portal
1520:Airbag
1504:Safety
1410:Clutch
1319:Buzzer
1206:
1196:
1188:
1141:
1121:
1087:
1067:
1044:
1024:
1004:
984:
964:
944:
924:
904:
847:
724:
717:
710:
703:
695:
607:In an
593:copper
467:
460:
453:
446:
438:
308:shears
115:drills
104:engine
81:clutch
2037:Spare
1980:Wheel
1884:Giubo
1617:Audio
1461:Alarm
1405:Brake
729:JSTOR
715:books
515:belts
472:JSTOR
458:books
206:In a
167:In a
146:uses
125:Types
98:In a
89:motor
85:shaft
2032:Snow
2022:Rain
2002:Tire
1279:cars
1230:2014
1204:PMID
1186:ISSN
884:2020
858:2020
845:ISBN
701:news
444:news
302:The
106:and
93:work
1985:Rim
1194:PMC
1176:doi
764:On
684:by
427:by
324:cam
310:or
192:NVH
45:on
2120::
1202:.
1192:.
1184:.
1174:.
1164:12
1162:.
1158:.
874:.
283:.
247:.
239:,
235:,
178:A
142:A
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79:A
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1758:(
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1690:v
1262:e
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1232:.
1210:.
1178::
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745:(
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736:(
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719:·
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678:.
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488:(
483:)
479:(
469:·
462:·
455:·
448:·
421:.
66:.
49:.
20:)
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